Spectacle lens with field-of-view modulated imaging quality

Abstract

The invention relates to a spectacle lens (100) having an active region (10) which maximizes the imaging quality of the spectacle lens (100) in the ray direction of a primary ray (13) corresponding to the respective viewpoint for each viewpoint on a spectacle lens rear surface (8) within the active region (10), and the primary rays (13) of all viewpoints within the active area (10) substantially intersect at a common eye-side primary ray intersection (30). The invention also relates to spectacles comprising at least one spectacle lens (100) according to the invention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to spectacle lenses and eyeglasses. In particular, this invention relates to spectacle lenses and eyeglasses having a modulating image quality (especially for myopia control) functional area. Background Technology

[0002] Especially in terms of eyeglass lenses used to correct myopia, myopia often tends to worsen significantly, which can lead to a rapid decrease in the comfort of wearing the originally well-fitting lenses, as well as the satisfaction and tolerance of the eyeglasses wearers.

[0003] Overall, myopia rates are rising rapidly worldwide, particularly in Asia. The World Health Organization estimates that by 2050, more than 50% of the global population will be myopic. As myopia worsens, the risk of developing related eye diseases such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, cataracts, and macular degeneration also increases dramatically. Therefore, there is great interest in slowing the progression of myopia. Several methods exist for slowing myopia progression using optical aids (visual aids). However, all these methods share the common characteristics of being complex, expensive, and rather inflexible in adapting to rapidly changing circumstances, such as changes in eyeglass prescriptions and demands on the visual system.

[0004] To date, various optical effects concerning the tolerability and comfort of ophthalmic lenses (especially spectacle lenses), and the influence of these effects on myopia and / or hyperopia and their progression or development, have been investigated based on the optical and physiological mechanisms aimed at explaining or delaying the progression or development of myopia or hyperopia. Existing methods are essentially based on imaging the image in front of the retina, as this should inhibit eye length growth. Studies have shown that performing this operation only in the periphery of the retina is sufficient (and even more effective).

[0005] One possible approach is to use bifocal lenses and / or progressive addition lenses (PAL). On the one hand, by adding an additional lens, the area in the peripheral vision that is farsighted is focused in front of the retina; on the other hand, when viewing near objects, at least when accommodation is weak, the image is not focused behind the retina. This is particularly effective for children with accommodative insufficiency and / or convergence excess. However, with this method, only a small percentage of those with convergence excess achieve acceptable results. Bifocal lenses are also particularly unattractive to children aesthetically.

[0006] Another approach is based on a special PAL (or radially symmetric PAL) that has a centrally sharp imaging effect and peripheral downlighting (see, for example, DE 10 2009 053 467 A1).

[0007] Like these two methods, PAL also has areas with significant aberrations. When the lens power changes (which is common in children), expensive new lenses must be manufactured, a time-consuming and laborious process. Furthermore, when looking through the periphery of the lens, both peripheral vision and foveal vision are significantly reduced due to aberrations. If high demands are placed on the visual system (e.g., in road traffic), this can only be addressed by prescribing a new single lens. This further increases the workload and cost required when changing prescriptions. Therefore, the acceptance of such solutions is generally low.

[0008] Other methods, such as those based on specialized contact lenses, have been studied. For example, progressive contact lenses with higher peripheral positive refractive error (Pluswirkung) than central positive refractive error have been investigated. However, foveal vision is also affected when the contact lens moves across the eye. Furthermore, new lenses must be manufactured at a significant cost when the prescription changes. Additionally, the reliability of operation and use is limited for children. This is especially true for young children, and more challengingly, the best results are achieved when measures to delay myopia development are initiated in early childhood.

[0009] Another method of using contact lenses is with so-called orthokeratology lenses (Ortho-K lenses), which are worn overnight and reshape the cornea. This is to correct myopia centrally and produce positive refractive power (relative to the center) peripherally. However, in this case, each contact lens is custom-made, and, for example, a significant amount of money must be spent to manufacture new lenses in the case of a new prescription. Furthermore, especially for young children, the effects of corneal deformation on corneal metabolism and structure are not well understood.

[0010] The problem that worsening myopia poses to eyeglass wearers is that the comfort of previously well-fitting glasses continues to decline. One possible method of myopia control involves using eyeglass lenses with small additional lenses (so-called microlenses), which possess additional positive refractive power. These additional lenses are composed of a dotted structure. Their additional effect is to locally shift the focal point forward in front of the retina, thereby inhibiting excessive eye length growth.

[0011] Within the region containing microlenses (the "effective region"), the distribution of the effect is discontinuous: in the microlens region, the image is blurry; in the region between the microlenses, the image is sharp. When observing through the effective region, these microlenses cause interference because they locally obstruct sharp imaging. As the eye moves and the line of sight passes through the effective region, the arrangement of microlenses in front of the pupil changes due to the change in the direction of the line of sight, thus creating further interference.

[0012] Therefore, known spectacle lenses for myopia control typically have a central region that provides good visual field and one or more peripheral regions that degrade image quality when viewing objects (e.g., as disclosed in WO 2019 152438A1 or WO2020 014613A1, for example, through the additional optical effects of spherical and / or astigmatism or diffuse astigmatism). Currently, the actual reason for the myopia progression-suppressing effect is still under investigation, but it appears to be due to the more frequent, over time, use of the central region of the spectacle lens for viewing objects (central vision). Objects viewed through the central region of the spectacle lens have better image quality than unviewed objects in the visual field viewed through the image-degraded regions of the spectacle lens (peripheral vision).

[0013] Therefore, in summary, known spectacle lenses for myopia control can alter visual quality across the entire field of vision, that is, change visual quality according to the current direction of gaze.

[0014] There is also a type of contact lens for myopia control that offers better imaging characteristics for central vision but poorer imaging characteristics for peripheral vision. Because the contact lens is worn directly on the eye and moves with it, it provides better central image quality and poorer peripheral image quality regardless of the direction of gaze. Therefore, this type of contact lens can continuously inhibit myopia progression while providing constant image quality for central vision, regardless of the direction of gaze. Consequently, this type of contact lens does not affect head-eye coordination when the observer is focusing on peripheral objects.

[0015] In summary, known contact lenses for myopia control can alter the quality of the image in the field of vision, i.e., this alteration is independent of the current direction of gaze.

[0016] In this invention, it was discovered that conventional eyeglass lenses for myopia control have the following particular drawbacks: - When focusing on an object through an area of ​​reduced image quality in the eyeglass lens, conventional eyeglass lenses used for myopia control have image quality in central vision that is similar to, or even worse than, peripheral vision, and therefore do not have a sustained effect in inhibiting myopia progression. Traditional eyeglasses used for myopia control have image quality that varies with the direction of the line of sight in central vision, so when looking at objects in the periphery of the field of vision, it is sometimes necessary to adopt an uncomfortable head posture.

[0017] To avoid the aforementioned drawbacks, active (especially electroactive) eyeglass lenses based on eye tracker control could be considered, but such solutions are technically very complex and expensive. Summary of the Invention

[0018] The object of this invention is to improve the durability of eyeglasses, thereby achieving long-term wearing comfort at a lower cost. According to the invention, this object is achieved by eyeglass lenses having the features described in the independent claim. Preferred embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0019] A first independent aspect for achieving this objective relates to an eyeglass lens having an effective region such that, for each viewpoint on the rear surface of the eyeglass lens within the effective region, the image quality of the eyeglass lens in the ray direction of the primary ray corresponding to the respective viewpoint is maximized, and the primary rays of all viewpoints within the effective region substantially intersect at a common ocular-side primary ray intersection point.

[0020] In other words, the spectacle lens has an effective area, which is specifically configured such that for each viewpoint within the effective area of ​​the spectacle lens, there exists at least one corresponding primary ray, for which the image quality of the spectacle lens reaches its maximum value, wherein for all viewpoints within the effective area, the corresponding primary rays substantially intersect at a (specified) eye-side primary ray intersection point.

[0021] Within the scope of this invention, "viewpoint" is specifically understood as any (geometric) point on the spectacle lens through which an observer or eyeglass wearer can observe. Therefore, a spectacle lens has multiple viewpoints. In particular, a spectacle lens can be formally considered as a collection of all viewpoints. In principle, a viewpoint can relate to the volume of the spectacle lens, the front surface of the spectacle lens, the rear surface of the spectacle lens, or the inner surface or inner layer of the spectacle lens. For clarity of definition, the viewpoint in this specification specifically refers to the rear surface of the spectacle lens (i.e., the surface of the spectacle lens on the eye side).

[0022] The "effective area" of an eyeglass lens can cover at least a portion (particularly a continuous portion) of the lens. For example, the effective area of ​​an eyeglass lens can cover about 20% (particularly at least 20%) of the eyeglass lens or one or more surfaces of the eyeglass lens (particularly the front and / or rear surfaces), preferably about 30% (particularly at least 30%), more preferably about 40% (particularly at least 40%), further preferably about 50% (particularly at least 50%), further preferably about 80% (particularly at least 80%), further preferably about 90% (particularly at least 90%), and most preferably more than 90%. It should be understood that the maximum extent or maximum diameter of the effective area depends on the size of the eyeglass lens (e.g., for ground-edge eyeglass lenses mounted in a frame) and / or is predetermined therein. In particular, the effective area can cover up to 100% of the eyeglass lens or the surface of the eyeglass lens (the front and / or rear surfaces of the eyeglass lens). Specifically, the effective region can have a substantially circular area with a diameter preferably about 10 mm (particularly at least 10 mm), more preferably about 20 mm (particularly at least 20 mm), and even more preferably about 40 mm (particularly at least 40 mm). However, the effective region can also have an elliptical cross-section or any other geometric cross-section. Specifically, the effective region can be simply connected or multi-connected (e.g., annular). Here, a multi-connected effective region can include one or more regions that are not part of the effective region, wherein the area covered by each such region is particularly less than 0.2 mm. 2 Up to 700mm 2Between. Alternatively or additionally, the shape or cross-section of the active area may be adapted to the shape or cross-section of the spectacle lens, particularly to the edge of the (ground) spectacle lens. For example, the active area may be adapted to the typical shape of the spectacle lens, or preferably to a personalized shape of the spectacle lens. In particular, the active area may be adapted to the shape and / or edge of a spectacle lens (or spectacle lens shape and / or edge) that has been ground for inclusion in a frame worn by children or adolescents. The active area may also cover the entire spectacle lens. The active area is preferably positioned such that it includes one or more viewpoints through which light beams that are normally incident on the peripheral retina (i.e., not normally incident on the fovea) pass during typical visual tasks. Preferably, the active area may also include viewpoints through which light beams that are normally incident on the central retina pass during typical visual tasks. In particular, the active area in the spectacle lens according to the invention is used for myopia control or for inhibiting myopia progression. In particular, the spectacle lens or the active area of ​​the spectacle lens has modulated (particularly visual field modulation) imaging quality. Image quality is particularly dependent on the incident and / or ray direction (at the corresponding viewpoint). In other words, for each viewpoint within the effective area of ​​the spectacle lens, the image quality of different beams or beams with different incident directions (at the corresponding viewpoint) is generally different. The image quality of the spectacle lens (especially with respect to variations in the ray direction passing through the corresponding viewpoint) reaches its maximum for primary rays (all primary rays substantially intersect at the primary ray intersection point or pass through a virtual intersecting sphere) or for beams whose principal ray is a primary ray. Specifically, the maximum image quality is the maximum value with respect to variations in the incident and / or exit directions of the ray at the corresponding viewpoint of the spectacle lens. This maximum value can be a local maximum or a global maximum. For at least some (especially all) rays that pass through the viewpoint but do not substantially intersect at the primary ray intersection point or do not pass through the virtual intersecting sphere, the image quality of the spectacle lens is below the maximum image quality. Within the scope of this invention, such rays are referred to as secondary rays. In particular, for beams whose principal ray is such a secondary ray (i.e., beams whose direction deviates from the direction of the primary ray), the image quality of the spectacle lens is lower than the maximum image quality achieved at the same viewpoint (i.e., the image quality in the direction of the primary ray or along the direction of the primary ray).

[0023] The effective region is constructed such that, for each viewpoint on the rear surface of the spectacle lens within the effective region, the image quality of the spectacle lens reaches its maximum value in the direction of the primary ray corresponding to the respective viewpoint. In other words, the effective region is specifically constructed such that, for each viewpoint within the effective region, there exists at least one corresponding primary ray, and in particular, a corresponding ray direction (also referred to as the primary ray direction in this specification), for which the image quality of the spectacle lens (especially at the corresponding viewpoint) reaches its maximum value (especially a local maximum). Therefore, within the effective region of the spectacle lens, the image quality of the spectacle lens is particularly dependent on the ray direction.

[0024] For each viewpoint within the effective area of ​​the spectacle lens, the "primary ray" specifically refers to the ray whose ray direction (primary ray direction) at that viewpoint provides and / or achieves a (local or global) maximum image quality. For any ray direction deviating from the primary ray direction (at the corresponding viewpoint), the image quality of the spectacle lens will not improve, and for at least some ray directions deviating from the primary ray direction (at the corresponding viewpoint), its image quality will be worse than the maximum image quality, i.e., worse than the image quality along the primary ray direction. In other words, for ray directions deviating from the primary ray direction (at the corresponding viewpoint), the image quality of the spectacle lens will not improve, but its optical quality will decrease for at least some ray directions deviating from the primary ray direction (at the corresponding viewpoint). The maximum image quality can be a strict maximum or a gradual maximum. Within the scope of this specification, a strict maximum means that for all ray directions deviating from the primary ray direction (at the corresponding viewpoint), the image quality of the spectacle lens is lower than the maximum image quality, i.e., lower than the image quality along the primary ray direction. Within the scope of this specification, a smooth maximum value refers to a region, particularly near or adjacent to, a smooth maximum value, where the image quality of the spectacle lens remains substantially constant. Preferably, for rays or ray directions whose angle with the primary ray or its direction is less than or equal to a predefined threshold angle (e.g., 0.5°, 1°, 5°, 10°, 15°, or 20°), the image quality remains substantially constant, particularly equal to the maximum image quality. In other words, for rays whose direction deviates from the primary ray direction by no more than a predefined threshold angle, the image quality remains substantially constant, particularly equal to the maximum image quality. Preferably, for rays or ray directions whose angle with the primary ray or its direction is greater than a predefined threshold angle, the image quality continuously decreases to a predetermined value. This advantageously ensures that the image quality of the spectacle lens remains constant within a specific angular range corresponding to the clearest visual direction, while gradually decreasing in peripheral vision. It has been demonstrated in this invention that spectacle lenses with such characteristics are perceived as comfortable by the wearer.

[0025] The threshold angle mentioned above (also referred to as the free view angle in this specification) or The free view area is defined. Free view area angle. The free viewing angle i may differ for different viewpoints. Preferably, the free viewing angle is chosen such that the free viewing area is the same size at any viewpoint. Alternatively or supplementarily, for example, when the pupil diameter does not change significantly with viewpoint i, For all viewpoints, the same size can be chosen (i.e., for all i, = Free viewing angle or It can be selected based on the parameters of the eyeglass wearer or the wearer of the eyeglass lenses. For example, the more severe the detected myopia progression, the better. or The smaller the selection, the better. Alternatively or supplementarily, or Alternatively, the selection can be based on the degree of visual decline in the peripheral area (after conventional correction), for example, by measuring the difference between visual acuity at the eccentricity corresponding to the free visual zone angle and central visual acuity (in logMAR). Equal to the preset value. Preferably, the free viewing angle. or The values ​​are between 0.5° and 20°, more preferably between 1° and 10°, and even more preferably between 2° and 5°. Typically, the free viewing angle can be selected by varying the free viewing angle and determining the optimal free viewing angle in wearing trials and / or clinical studies, so as to both inhibit myopia progression and prevent any discomfort when wearing eyeglass lenses.

[0026] Each viewpoint within the effective area is associated with at least one specific primary ray (or at least one specific primary ray direction). Unless otherwise stated, the term "ray" within the scope of this invention always refers to a beam of light. The expression "at the corresponding viewpoint" may include not only the viewpoint itself, but also, in particular, the area immediately before and / or after the corresponding viewpoint.

[0027] The initial rays from all viewpoints (characterized or defined in that they represent the (local or global) maximum image quality of the spectacle lens within the effective area) substantially intersect at a common eye-side initial ray intersection point. In other words, for all viewpoints within the effective area, the corresponding initial rays substantially intersect at the initial ray intersection point. Within the scope of this invention, rays “substantially intersecting” at the initial ray intersection point specifically refer to rays that pass through a virtual sphere (intersecting sphere) centered at the initial ray intersection point and having a predefined diameter. Thus, in other words, for all viewpoints within the effective area, the corresponding initial rays pass through a common virtual intersecting sphere centered at the initial ray intersection point and having a predefined diameter. In this context, the expression “substantially” means that the rays or initial rays do not necessarily intersect precisely at the initial ray intersection point, but rather allow for some deviation within a clearly defined or predetermined boundary. In this case, the defined or predetermined boundary is specifically determined by the predefined diameter of the virtual intersecting sphere. The diameter of the virtual intersecting sphere is preferably less than 6 mm, more preferably less than 5 mm, further preferably less than 4 mm, and most preferably less than 3 mm. For example, the diameter of the virtual intersecting spheres can be 2mm.

[0028] Specifically, the effective region is also constructed such that for each viewpoint within the effective region, there exists a corresponding secondary ray, for which the image quality of the spectacle lens is lower than the (local) maximum. Unlike the primary ray, the secondary ray (after passing through the spectacle lens) essentially does not intersect with the intersection point of the primary ray. In other words, unlike the primary ray, the secondary ray (after passing through the spectacle lens) does not extend through the virtual intersecting sphere.

[0029] For eyeglass lenses, the primary ray intersection point can be determined independently of the user or the user's eye, and also independently of the wearing position of the eyeglasses. Therefore, the primary ray intersection point is specifically a point defined according to the characteristics of the eyeglass lens itself. The primary ray intersection point is specifically located on the outside of the eyeglass lens, and specifically behind the eyeglass lens relative to the incident light rays. Based on the paths of all primary rays, the primary ray intersection point can be specifically understood as the intersection of all primary rays. If the primary rays do not all intersect precisely at a single point, the primary ray intersection point can also be understood as the center of the smallest sphere (intersecting sphere) through which all primary rays pass. Alternatively, in this case, the primary ray intersection point can also be understood as the point with the smallest sum of squared distances to all primary rays.

[0030] By means of the spectacle lenses according to the invention, it is advantageous to modulate the image quality in the field of vision, and this modulation is independent of the user's current gaze direction, similar to the effect of contact lenses. In particular, with the spectacle lenses according to the invention, on the one hand, central vision can obtain better image quality than peripheral vision, so as to achieve the effect of continuously inhibiting the progression of myopia. On the other hand, the spectacle lenses according to the invention also ensure that the image quality in central vision remains unchanged, without interfering with the natural coordination of head and eye movements during observation, which is an interference present in conventional single vision lenses.

[0031] The spectacle lens can be specially constructed such that, at at least one or each viewpoint within the effective area, the image quality of the spectacle lens reaches a maximum not only for the central primary ray at the corresponding viewpoint, but also for multiple other rays passing through the corresponding viewpoint. The directions of these other rays deviate from the direction of the central primary ray (the direction of the central primary ray) by a deviation angle corresponding to the other rays, which is less than or equal to the threshold angle and / or free viewing angle defined above. In other words, the image quality of the spectacle lens (at these viewpoints) exhibits a gradual maximum. Specifically, the central primary ray and the multiple other rays satisfying the above conditions are located within a cone, the apex of which is the corresponding viewpoint, and its half-apex angle corresponds to the threshold angle. According to one possible definition, only the central primary ray of the corresponding viewpoint is considered a primary ray in the sense of this specification. According to another possible definition, other rays located within the aforementioned cone can also be considered primary rays, provided that these rays also pass through the intersection of primary rays or the corresponding virtual intersecting sphere.

[0032] Specifically, primary rays refer to the principal rays of beams used for central vision (hereinafter referred to as "central vision principal rays"). Secondary rays, in particular, refer to the principal rays of beams used for peripheral vision (hereinafter referred to as "peripheral vision principal rays").

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, for each viewpoint within the effective area of ​​the spectacle lens, when the direction of light deviates from the direction of the corresponding primary ray, the image quality of the spectacle lens will at least partially decrease due to absorption, diffuse scattering, and / or reduced contrast, compared to the maximum image quality of the spectacle lens at the corresponding viewpoint. Specifically, for each viewpoint within the effective area of ​​the spectacle lens, for secondary rays incident on the spectacle lens at the corresponding viewpoint (which do not substantially intersect the primary ray intersection point (or do not pass through the virtual intersecting sphere)), the image quality of the spectacle lens will decrease due to absorption and / or (diffuse) scattering and / or reduced contrast for these secondary rays, compared to the maximum image quality at the corresponding viewpoint (achieved by the corresponding primary ray). In other words, the image quality of the spectacle lens is particularly dependent on light transmittance and / or scattering and / or contrast.

[0034] Specifically, within the scope of this invention, the term "image quality" refers to parameters that depend on light transmittance (transmission capability) and / or scattering (or diffuse scattering) and / or contrast. For example, higher light transmittance, and / or higher contrast, and / or lower scattering (or diffuse scattering) results in higher image quality. Alternatively or supplementarily, image quality can also be based on image sharpness and / or refractive effect (especially astigmatism). In other words, image quality can be a parameter that alternatively or supplementarily depends on image sharpness and / or refractive effect (especially astigmatism). For example, higher image sharpness, and / or lower astigmatism results in higher image quality. Therefore, alternatively or supplementarily, for secondary light incident on the spectacle lens, the image quality of the spectacle lens may be reduced due to the additional refractive effect (especially additional astigmatism) produced for these light rays. Alternatively or supplementarily, image quality can also be based on perception or perceived intensity. In other words, image quality can be a parameter that alternatively or supplementarily depends on perception or perceived intensity. For example, higher perception or perceived intensity results in higher image quality. Here, perception should be specifically understood as a factor P (where 0 ≤ P ≤ 1), which represents the degree of reduction in visual acuity (i.e., visual acuity), wherein, specifically according to DIN 58220 Part 3, a visual acuity of 1 is taken as a reference value. Therefore, a perception of 0 (<0.1) means essentially complete occlusion, while a perception of 1 in principle means complete transparency. These characteristics are particularly derived when the spectacle lens is positioned with a typical corneal apex distance (HSA: Hornhaut-Scheitel-Abstand), i.e., particularly when at least one HSA value is in the range of about 11 mm to about 18 mm, and particularly preferably when at least one HSA value is about 13 mm or about 14 mm. Alternatively or supplementarily, image quality may also be based on “haze value” and / or “transmittance” according to ASTM-D-1003. In other words, image quality can be a parameter that alternatively or supplementarily depends on haze value and / or transmittance according to ASTM D-1003. Haze and transmittance values ​​according to ASTM D-1003 standards can be measured or verified, for example, using BYK Additives and Instruments' "Haze-Gard Plus" measurement equipment. Alternatively or supplementarily, the image quality of spectacle lenses can also be defined in conjunction with the wearer's pre-existing prescription. Specifically, image quality can be an indicator of how well the pre-existing prescription is achieved. The greater the deviation of the spectacle lens from the pre-existing prescription, the lower its image quality. Correspondingly, visual acuity can also be used as a parameter defining image quality.

[0035] Therefore, image quality depends in particular on one or more of the following characteristics or parameters, or parameters characterized and / or defined by one or more of the following characteristics or parameters: - Light transmittance; - Haze value (according to ASTM-D-1003 standard); - Light transmittance (according to ASTM-D-1003 standard); - Scattering or scattering ability; - Contrast; - Image clarity; - Refractive effect (e.g., astigmatism); - Vision; - Perception.

[0036] In another preferred embodiment, the primary ray intersection corresponds to the eye's rotation center (Augendrehpunkt) in the lens-wearing position. Within the scope of this invention, the eye's optical rotation center has been found particularly suitable for this purpose. The eye's optical rotation center is the approximate intersection of the gaze lines in multiple line-of-sight directions. Here, the gaze line is understood as the extension of the portion of a ray that directly enters the eye, passing through the pupil center and the object point during fixation. If the eye is observing through eyeglasses, the gaze line is a straight line extending the portion of the ray between the posterior surface of the lens and the cornea. Therefore, the gaze line can also be understood as the extension of the portion of a ray that does not propagate within the eye (but specifically between the lens and the eye), emanating from a preferred fixation point on the retina, refracted by the eye's optical components, and passing through the pupil center. For example, the eye's optical rotation center can be determined by an optimization method as the point that minimizes the sum of the squares of the distances to the gaze line. Alternatively or supplementarily, the optical rotation center of the eye can be defined as the centroid of a minimal volume (e.g., a sphere) through which all primary rays (rays that intersect the rear surface of the spectacle lens within its effective area and propagate in the direction of maximum image quality) pass. It is important to note that the intersection point of these primary rays can, in principle, also correspond to the mechanical rotation center of the eye (in the spectacle lens wearing position). The mechanical rotation center of the eye is a point inside the eye that remains approximately stationary in a fixed head coordinate system as the eyeball moves.

[0037] The primary ray intersection point is not necessarily dependent on the eyeglass wearer or their eyes, but rather represents a (determined) characteristic of the lens itself, or can be determined based on the characteristics of the lens. Specifically, the primary ray intersection point is a point predetermined or measured using a parametric model. Within the scope of this invention, "parametric model" specifically refers to a model defined by one or more parameters. The parametric model may specifically relate to parameters of the eyeglass wearer that are commonly used in lens calculations. For example, such parameters could be the distance between the center point and the corneal apex (HSA). Alternatively or additionally, the parameters of the parametric model could also be the equivalent spherical power of the eyeglass wearer's eyes (or the equivalent spherical power of the eyeglass lens), axial length, and / or corneal outer diameter.

[0038] Specifically, the primary ray intersection is a point determined based on the characteristics of the spectacle lens. This point is defined by a parametric model and is independent of the spectacle wearer or the wearer's eyes, and / or also independent of the position of the spectacle lens.

[0039] In another preferred embodiment, the spectacle lens has one or more optically effective elements within its functional area, which are also referred to herein as optically effective components. Specifically, the spectacle lens has multiple optically effective elements within its functional area. In particular, one or more optically effective elements have orientation-dependent additional optical functions that contribute to achieving the (e.g., prescription-specified) optical function of the spectacle lens. One or more optically effective elements are specifically designed and arranged (or oriented) such that the image quality of central vision is less degraded than that of peripheral vision. One or more optically effective elements may be arranged on one or both surfaces of the spectacle lens, or may be located inside the spectacle lens (e.g., in a single layer). At least one optically effective element may also be attached to the lens surface (e.g., in a thin film). Depending on the design of at least one optically effective element or its embedding method, the refraction of light at possible interfaces and the path of light rays (especially the principal ray of a beam) are preferably considered when designing the axial direction of at least one optically effective element.

[0040] To ensure that the axes(s) of at least one optically active element in the spectacle lens have the correct orientation according to their position within the lens, the relative position of the eye with respect to the spectacle lens (or the spectacle lens with respect to the eye) is preferably known during manufacturing. As described above, this can be achieved, for example, in a parametric model that, in its simplest case, includes or describes the optical center of rotation of the eye. The optical center of rotation of the eye is the point at which the distance between the point and the extension of the principal ray of the beam incident on the preferred point of gaze (hereinafter referred to as the gaze direction or gaze line) propagating outside the eye is minimized for all eye-side line of sight passing through the spectacle lens. In practice, the optical center of rotation of the eye can be more precisely described by a sphere with a diameter particularly less than 6 mm, preferably less than 5 mm, more preferably less than 4 mm, and most preferably less than 3 mm. For example, the diameter of the sphere can be approximately 2 mm. Of course, other models, such as interpolation of the gaze direction, can also be used in principle.

[0041] A spectacle lens wearer can correspond to an individual observer for whom the individual's possible eye position or at least gaze direction and pupil size are known (e.g., obtained through measurement). A spectacle lens wearer can also correspond to a model observer whose eye position or at least gaze direction represents a large number of individuals and is known, for example, from the literature or determined by measurements on a large number of individuals. A spectacle lens wearer can also correspond to a partially individualized observer for whom certain measurement parameters have been obtained through individual measurements (e.g., individual frame parameters such as corneal apex distance, tilt angle when worn, and frame tilt angle), while other measurement parameters are determined through a model (e.g., distance to the center of eye rotation).

[0042] In another preferred embodiment, the optical effect (particularly the optical effect of reducing image quality) of each of the at least one optically active elements depends on the direction of the light rays incident on the respective optically active element. Alternatively or additionally, the optical effect (particularly the optical effect of reducing image quality) of each of the at least one optically active elements is a function of the angle between the propagation direction of the light rays incident on the respective optically active element and the longitudinal axis direction of the respective optically active element. Within the scope of this specification, this angle is also referred to as the "deviation angle" because the deviation between the image quality and the maximum image quality achievable by the primary ray depends on this angle. When the deviation angle is small, the direction-dependent optical function's effect on the (e.g., prescription-specified) optical function of the spectacle lens is preferably designed such that the spectacle lens's optical function achieves good image quality, particularly optimal image quality, and that this image quality decreases when the deviation angle is large. Preferably, when the deviation angle is less than or equal to a predefined threshold angle (e.g., 0.5°, 1°, 5°, 10°, 15°, or 20°), the direction-dependent optical effect of each of the at least one optically active elements is substantially constant. This predefined threshold angle specifically corresponds to the free viewing angle described above, and therefore the above description of the free viewing angle also applies to this predefined threshold angle. Preferably, when the deviation angle is higher than the predefined threshold angle, the optical effect of each of the at least one optically active elements is continuously enhanced until a predetermined value is reached. This advantageously achieves consistent image quality within a certain angular range around the direction corresponding to the clearest vision, while the image characteristics gradually decrease in peripheral vision, which is comfortable for the eyeglass wearer. Since, regardless of eye position, the angle between the secondary ray (or the beam for peripheral vision or the principal ray of the wavefront, i.e., the ray not incident on the preferred fixation point) and the axis of at least one optically active element at various positions of the spectacle lens is larger than the angle between the primary ray (or the principal ray of the beam for central vision) and that axis, different spectacle lens optical functions can be produced for central and peripheral vision in this manner, resulting in different image or imaging qualities, regardless of eye position.

[0043] In another preferred embodiment, at least one optically active element has or defines a longitudinal axis, and the optical effect of the at least one optically active element on light incident thereon depends on the angle between the direction of the light ray (i.e., the propagation direction) and the longitudinal axis when the light ray (incidentally) hits the optically active element. Preferably, the longitudinal axis of the at least one optically active element is substantially parallel to the direction of the primary light ray propagating within the respective region of the optically active element.

[0044] In another preferred embodiment, for light rays whose angle between their direction and the longitudinal axis of at least one optically active element is less than or equal to a predefined threshold angle, the optical effect of the optically active element remains substantially constant. Furthermore, for light rays whose angle between their direction and the longitudinal axis of at least one optically active element is greater than the predefined threshold angle, the optical effect of the optically active element continuously increases with increasing angle.

[0045] In another preferred embodiment, at least one optically effective element comprises either at least one light-absorbing element (hereinafter referred to as an absorber or absorber) and / or at least one light-scattering element (hereinafter referred to as a scattering element or scatterer). Specifically, the light absorption effect of the absorber depends on the incident direction of the light relative to the longitudinal axis of the absorber. Specifically, the light scattering effect of the scatterer depends on the incident direction of the light relative to the longitudinal axis of the scatterer. Alternatively or additionally, the light absorption effect of a combination of absorbers and scatterers depends particularly on the incident direction of the light relative to the arrangement line of the absorbers and scatterers.

[0046] In another preferred embodiment, at least one of the at least one optically effective element comprises a micropillar, microneedle, and / or microcone. Specifically, at least one of the at least one optically effective element is a micropillar, microneedle, and / or microcone. In other words, at least one of the at least one optically effective element is implemented using micropillars, microneedles, and / or microcones. Alternatively or supplementarily, at least one of the at least one optically effective element comprises a plurality of microspheres arranged in series. In other words, at least one of the at least one optically effective element is implemented using microspheres arranged in series. Alternatively or supplementarily, at least one of the at least one optically effective element comprises a plurality of pigment spots arranged in series. In other words, at least one of the at least one optically effective element is implemented using two or more pigment spots arranged in series. Alternatively or supplementarily, at least one of the at least one optically effective element comprises a dielectric antireflective coating. Specifically, at least one of the at least one optically effective element is a dielectric antireflective coating. In other words, at least one of the at least one optically effective element is implemented using a dielectric antireflective coating. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the at least one optically effective elements is a holographic interference filter. In particular, at least one of the at least one optically effective elements is a holographic interference filter. In other words, at least one of the at least one optically effective elements is implemented using a holographic interference filter.

[0047] As described above, microlenses (i.e., small additional lenses) can also generate scattered light and therefore can be used as light scattering elements. For example, by means of such microlenses, through the transitional action at the edge between the microlens and the "base lens," and through the typically non-overlapping focal points of adjacent microlenses and the resulting non-overlapping images, the reduced image quality of spectacle lenses in the sense of this invention due to scattered light and / or focal inconsistency can be effectively achieved. The reduced image quality of spectacle lenses due to scattered light in the sense of this invention can be produced particularly effectively by means of microlenses whose size (especially their diameter) substantially does not exceed the thickness of the spectacle lens.

[0048] In another preferred embodiment, the spectacle lens has at least one optically active element for each of a plurality of predetermined viewpoints within the effective area. These optically active elements are arranged such that the longitudinal axis of at least one optically active element is substantially parallel to the incident direction of the primary ray corresponding to the respective viewpoint. In other words, the longitudinal axis of at least one optically active element is substantially parallel to the direction of the primary ray.

[0049] In another preferred embodiment, the spectacle lens has a plurality of optically effective elements within its effective area, and the plurality of optically effective elements include at least one light-absorbing element and at least one light-scattering element, wherein each of the at least one light-scattering element is arranged closer to the front surface of the spectacle lens than each of the at least one light-absorbing element. The front surface of the spectacle lens refers to the object-side surface of the spectacle lens, i.e., the surface of the spectacle lens facing the object to be observed and / or away from the wearer's eye in the wearing position. The front surface of the spectacle lens is typically convex. Conversely, the rear surface of the spectacle lens refers to the ocular-side surface of the spectacle lens in the wearing position. The rear surface of the spectacle lens is typically concave.

[0050] In another preferred embodiment, the spectacle lens has a plurality of optically effective elements in its effective area, wherein the plurality of optically effective elements includes at least one light scattering element and at least one corresponding light absorbing element, such that light emitted from the at least one light scattering element along the ray direction of the primary ray propagating in the respective light scattering element region is at least partially absorbed by the corresponding light absorbing element, preferably substantially completely absorbed by the corresponding light absorbing element. Preferably, the size of each of the at least one light absorbing element is larger than the size of each of the at least one light scattering element. In particular, the size of each of the at least one light absorbing element is larger than the size of each of the at least one light scattering element, such that light emitted from the at least one light scattering element along the ray direction of the primary ray propagating in the respective light scattering element region is at least partially absorbed by the corresponding light absorbing element, preferably substantially completely absorbed by the corresponding light absorbing element.

[0051] In another preferred embodiment, the spectacle lens has a plurality of optically active elements (e.g., light-absorbing elements) distributed over an effective area, such that the positions of the optically active elements are projected onto corresponding viewpoints on the rear surface of the spectacle lens along primary rays propagating in the respective optically active element regions, thereby forming an areal density distribution there, which is consistent with... It is directly proportional to α, where d represents the distance between the intersection of the corresponding viewpoint and the primary ray, and α represents the angle between the ocular ray direction of the primary ray corresponding to the viewpoint and the surface normal of the rear surface of the spectacle lens at the corresponding viewpoint. In other words, at the viewpoint within the effective area of ​​the spectacle lens, the local density of the optically effective element is proportional to α. The density of optical elements is proportional to cosα(x, y) / d(x, y), where α represents the angle between the normal to the lens surface at the viewpoint and the primary ray corresponding to the viewpoint, and d represents the distance between the intersection of the primary rays and the viewpoint of the lens. Therefore, it is advantageous to achieve that the absorption and / or scattering generated in central vision remains unchanged when the direction of vision changes. If the optically effective elements are of the same size, a higher density of optically effective elements can be arranged in the region of the lens near the intersection of the primary rays than in the region of the lens farther from that intersection. Therefore, it is particularly advantageous to achieve the same number of optically effective elements (e.g., absorbers) in the cross-section relative to the eye position (based on Haar-Maß) or the viewing angle (based on an isotropic distribution of orientations on a unit sphere). Therefore, the density of optically effective elements (i.e., the number of optically effective elements per unit area of ​​the lens) preferably depends on their position within the lens. Specifically, at the viewpoint within the effective region of the lens, the local density of optically effective elements is related to cosα(x, y) / d(x, y). 2 They are directly proportional, where x and y represent the coordinates of the viewpoint.

[0052] In another preferred embodiment, the spectacle lens has multiple optically active elements within its effective area, the arrangement of which is irregular (or random), or at least has an irregular (or random) component. For example, the arrangement of the optically active elements can be regular in principle, but with irregular or random components. To achieve this, the beam can be suitably generated, for example, by adding a normally distributed pseudo-random number to the direction vector of the light rays, the standard deviation of which is less than the distance between adjacent light rays (e.g., 0.1 or 0.2 times that distance), and then renormalizing the direction vector to 1. Random arrangement or arrangement containing random components is superior to regular arrangement because the lack of regular arrangement avoids the generation of interference patterns. Furthermore, in the case of regular arrangement, undesirable overlap may occur in certain directions within the field of view, where optically active elements designed for adjacent viewing directions may appear. This can be effectively avoided in random arrangement or arrangement containing random components.

[0053] Another independent aspect for achieving this purpose relates to a pair of eyeglasses comprising at least one spectacle lens according to the invention.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, at least one optically effective element of at least one spectacle lens includes at least one light-scattering element. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the glasses include one or more light sources for illuminating the at least one light-scattering element. This can be achieved, for example, by one or more light sources (e.g., LEDs) arranged at the edge of the spectacle lens. In this case, light from (multiple) light sources is scattered by at least one scatterer, but absorbed only by at least one absorber in central vision, and not absorbed in peripheral vision. The intensity of the scattered light can be higher than the light intensity of the scene observed by the glasses wearer, thus resulting in a stronger effect in inhibiting myopia progression compared to conventional spectacle lenses or corresponding contact lenses, because image quality can be controlled by adjusting the light intensity of one or more light sources to adapt to ambient light. The latter can be achieved, for example, by a light sensor and control unit mounted in the spectacle frame or spectacle lens. Therefore, the glasses also preferably include a light sensor for sensing or detecting ambient light and / or a control unit for adjusting the light intensity of one or more light sources based on the ambient light detected by the light sensor.

[0055] It is understood that the features described above and those set forth below can be used not only in their respective designated combinations, but also individually or in other combinations, without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0056] The description of the embodiments of the first aspect above or below also applies to the other independent aspects described above, and particularly to the preferred embodiments therein. In particular, the description of the embodiments of the other independent aspects above and below also applies to the independent aspects of the invention and the preferred embodiments therein.

[0057] Various embodiments for achieving this purpose will now be described exemplarily with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described herein have some features that are not absolutely necessary for achieving the claimed subject matter, but which provide desired characteristics in certain applications. Therefore, even if an embodiment does not possess all the features of the embodiments described below, it should be considered as part of the disclosure of the technical teachings. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary repetition, certain features are mentioned only in a single embodiment below. It should be noted that the embodiments should be considered not only individually but also comprehensively. Through such comprehensive consideration, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments can also be modified by introducing one or more features from other embodiments. It should be noted that systematically combining the various embodiments with one or more features described in other embodiments may be desirable and useful, and therefore should be considered and considered to be covered by this specification. Attached Figure Description

[0058] The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0059] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0060] Figure 2A A schematic diagram of a spectacle lens segment according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, the segment having an arrangement comprising a plurality of scatterers S and an absorber A, wherein light rays in an exemplary first line of sight are shown.

[0061] Figure 2B It shows Figure 2A A schematic diagram of the middle spectacle lens section, showing light rays in an exemplary second line of sight.

[0062] Figure 3 Another schematic diagram of a spectacle lens segment according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, the segment having an arrangement consisting of a plurality of scatterers S and an absorber A.

[0063] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a spectacle lens 100 according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0064] Figure 5A A schematic diagram of a spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein the front surface 7 of the spectacle lens 100 has a plurality of absorbers A.

[0065] Figure 5B A schematic diagram of a spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein the rear surface 8 of the spectacle lens 100 has a plurality of absorbers A.

[0066] Figure 6A A schematic diagram of a spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown when the eye-side line of sight is deflected at 0°.

[0067] Figure 6B A schematic diagram of a spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown when the line of sight is deflected to the eye side by 16.5°.

[0068] Figure 7 The diagram illustrates the relationship between the angle between the central principal ray and the peripheral principal ray in the spectacle lens 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, when the lateral line of sight is 0° and 16.5°, and the angle varies with the position within the spectacle lens 100.

[0069] Figure 8A schematic diagram of a possible measuring device for determining the transmission characteristics of eyeglass lenses is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0070] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown. The spectacle lens 100 has a front surface 7, a rear surface 8, and a plurality of viewpoints (not shown in the diagram). Figure 1 (Clearly shown in the image) and the region of action 10. The region of action 10 is configured such that for each viewpoint on the rear surface 8 of the spectacle lens within the region of action 10, the image quality of the spectacle lens 100 in the direction of the primary ray 13 corresponding to the respective viewpoint is maximized. In other words, the region of action 10 is configured such that for each viewpoint within the region of action 10, there exists at least one corresponding primary ray 13 for which the image quality of the spectacle lens 100 is maximized. The primary ray 13 is characterized in that, for each viewpoint, the primary ray substantially intersects at the (specified) eye-side primary ray intersection point 30. In other words, the primary ray 13 is characterized in that, for all viewpoints, the primary ray passes through a common virtual intersecting sphere 35. Here, the virtual intersecting sphere 35 is centered at the primary ray intersection point 30 and has a predetermined diameter. The primary ray 13 specifically corresponds to the principal ray HSz of the beam used for central vision. The primary ray intersection point 30 can be predetermined or measured, for example, by a parametric model. Specifically, the primary ray intersection 30 corresponds to the optical rotation center of the eye at the wearing position of the spectacle lens 100. Within the effective area 10, the spectacle lens 100 includes a plurality of optically active elements 20. Each optically active element 20 has an axis Ax or axial direction that varies with its position within the spectacle lens 100. The axis Ax of each optically active element 20 is substantially parallel to the corresponding primary ray 13 or the principal ray HSz of the beam for central vision. Where the primary ray or the principal ray HSz of the beam for central vision is typically bent, the axis Ax of each optically active element 20 is particularly substantially parallel to at least one segment of the corresponding primary ray or the principal ray HSz of the beam for central vision. The primary ray or the principal ray HSz approximately intersects at the primary ray intersection 30.

[0071] One or more optically active components 20 of the spectacle lens 100 reduce the image or imaging quality of the spectacle lens 100 for central vision by less than it reduces the image or imaging quality for peripheral vision. The optically active component 20 has orientation-dependent additional optical functions (particularly orientation-dependent optical functions that happen to be outside the range of optimization for a conventional wearing position), which contribute to the optical function of the spectacle lens 100 and depend at least on the direction of the axis Ax of the optically active component 20. The direction of the axis Ax of the optically active component depends on the lateral position in the spectacle lens 100 (regardless of the eye position of the wearer observing through the spectacle lens 100) such that the incident direction of the principal ray of a beam (or equivalent wavefront) that passes through the pupil and enters the retina at a preferred fixation point (typically a location in the fovea that varies from person to person, but is usually centered there) is as parallel as possible to the direction of the axis Ax of the optically active component at that location. This beam corresponds to the ray used for central vision.

[0072] The direction-dependent optical function of the optical active element 20 is at least a function of the angle between the propagation direction of light incident on the optical active element 20 at a given position of the spectacle lens 100 and the direction of the axis Ax of the optical active element at that position. At smaller angles, the effect of the direction-dependent optical function on the spectacle lens's optical function is preferably designed such that the spectacle lens 100 achieves good image quality, with the image quality decreasing as the angle increases. Advantageously, the direction-dependent optical function does not change significantly within a small angle range up to a predetermined threshold (e.g., 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°), and remains close to the predetermined value beyond that threshold. This allows the image quality to remain constant within a specific viewing angle range corresponding to the clearest visual direction, while gradually decreasing in peripheral vision; this design is more comfortable than abrupt changes in image quality.

[0073] Figure 2A and Figure 2B Schematic diagrams of spectacle lens segments according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention are shown, each segment having an arrangement comprising a plurality of scatterers S and an absorber A, wherein, Figure 2A The light rays in an exemplary first line of sight are shown, while Figure 2BThe diagram illustrates light rays in an exemplary second line of sight. The boundaries of the scatterers S that provide complete and partial shading are indicated by dashed lines, labeled VA (complete shading) and TA (partial shading), respectively. Different line of sight directions are represented by arrows corresponding to the gaze line 50. The axes along which the three scatterers S and one absorber A are arranged substantially correspond to the direction of the gaze line 50 within the spectacle lens 100. Light emitted by the scatterers S located within the completely shading region (between boundaries VA) is completely absorbed by the absorber A. This occurs within a narrow area around the line of sight 50. If the scatterer S is located between boundaries VA and TA, only a portion of the light scattered by it enters the entrance pupil 40. Therefore, there is an angular range in the field of vision where the image or imaging quality deteriorates. If the scatterer S is located outside boundary TA, the pupil is fully illuminated, and the imaging quality is most severely affected. For simplicity, the refraction of light on the rear surface of the spectacle lens is omitted in the diagram, and only two arrangements of the scatterers S and absorber A are shown.

[0074] Figure 3 Another schematic diagram of a spectacle lens segment according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, the segment having an arrangement comprising a plurality of scatterers S and an absorber A. Refraction on the rear surface of the spectacle lens is omitted in the figure. Figure 3 It can be particularly seen that the closer the scatterer S and absorber A are to the periphery of the field of view, the more light emitted by the scatterer S enters the incident pupil 40. Furthermore, there is a narrow angular range at the center of the field of view, within which the absorber A completely blocks the pupil.

[0075] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a spectacle lens 100 according to another preferred embodiment of the invention is shown. The spectacle lens 100 has appropriately segmented surfaces SO within its interior, which are perpendicular to the primary ray 13 or the principal ray HSz of the central vision beam in any viewing direction (or regardless of the viewing direction). Regardless of the viewing direction, the secondary ray 15 or the principal ray HSP of the peripheral vision beam does not strike the surface OS perpendicularly. Here, the larger the angle between the principal rays and the surface normal, the greater their deviation from the current viewing direction. The principal ray refers to the ray in the beam that is incident on the center of the entrance pupil 40. The primary ray 13 or the principal ray HSz of the central vision beam approximately intersects at the primary ray intersection point 30, which specifically corresponds to the optical rotation center of the eye.

[0076] Figure 5A A schematic diagram of an exemplary spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein a plurality of absorbers A are provided on the front surface 7 of the spectacle lens 100. Figure 5BA schematic diagram of an exemplary spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein a plurality of absorbers A are provided on the rear surface 8 of the spectacle lens 100. In the example shown, 2031 absorbers are respectively arranged on the front surface of a planar lens with a size of 5cm × 5cm. Figure 5A ) and rear surface ( Figure 5B The lens has a front and rear surface with a curvature of 0 dpt, a refractive index of 1.49 (PMMA), and a thickness of 2 mm. The absorber diameters on the front and rear surfaces are 0.44 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. The predetermined position for the eye's rotation center is marked by a line at the edge of the lens, located 30 mm from the rear surface and perpendicular to the lens 100. The position of the absorber is determined by a principal ray passing through the eye's optical rotation center, the ray having a quasi-crystalline arrangement, wherein the average spacing between adjacent rays is approximately 1.5°, and the standard deviation of the random component is 0.2°.

[0077] Figure 6A A schematic cross-sectional view of a spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown when the lateral line of sight deflection is 0°, wherein the cross-section includes the center of eye rotation and the center of the pupil. To illustrate the paths of the primary ray 13 or central visual principal ray HSz and the secondary ray 15 or peripheral visual principal ray HSP, Figure 6A The left side shows a magnifying lens segment 1 at an exemplary first viewpoint within the functional area 10 of the spectacle lens 100, and a magnifying lens segment 2 at an exemplary second viewpoint within the functional area 10 of the spectacle lens 100.

[0078] Figure 6B It shows Figure 6A A schematic diagram showing the eyeglass lens 100 when the lateral line of sight is deflected at 16.5°. This is to illustrate the paths of the primary ray 13 (or central visual principal ray HSz) and the secondary ray 15 (or peripheral visual principal ray HSP). Figure 6B The left side again shows the magnifying lens segment 1 at an exemplary first viewpoint within the functional area 10 of the spectacle lens 100, and the magnifying lens segment 2 at an exemplary second viewpoint within the functional area 10 of the spectacle lens 100.

[0079] When the line of sight deflection that can be identified by the incident pupil 40 is 0° (see Figure 6A When the first point of view is located in the direction of the line of sight or on the line of fixation, and when the line of sight deflection that can be identified by the entrance pupil 40 is 16.5° (see Figure 6B When the second viewpoint is located in the direction of the line of sight or on the line of fixation, it is positioned accordingly. Figure 6A and Figure 6BIt can be particularly seen that the segmented surface SO of the spectacle lens 100, and therefore the optical active elements of the spectacle lens 100, are arranged such that all primary rays 13 or all central visual principal rays HSz are incident perpendicularly onto the segmented surface SO of the spectacle lens 100, thus extending substantially parallel to the axis of their corresponding optical active elements. In contrast, unlike the primary rays 13 or the central visual principal rays HSz, the secondary rays 15 or the peripheral visual principal rays HSP do not substantially intersect at the primary ray intersection point 30 or the optical rotation center of the eye (or do not pass through a virtual intersecting sphere 35 centered at the primary ray intersection point 30 or the optical rotation center of the eye), they are not incident perpendicularly onto the segmented surface SO of the spectacle lens 100, and therefore are not parallel to the axis of their corresponding optical active elements. This is evident when the line of sight is deflected at 0° (see [reference]). Figure 6A This is particularly noticeable in segment 2 of the spectacle lens, and when the line of sight is deflected at 16.5° (see [link to spectacle lens section]). Figure 6B This is particularly evident in segment 1 of the spectacle lens. In this way, spectacle lens 100 can achieve better central image quality and poorer peripheral image quality regardless of the direction of vision, which is desirable for inhibiting the progression of myopia.

[0080] Figure 7 This illustration shows the relationship between the angle between the central principal ray and the peripheral principal ray of the spectacle lens 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, when the viewing direction is 0° and 16.5°, and how their positions within the spectacle lens 100 change. Figure 6A and Figure 6B As shown, at the position or viewpoint where the spectacle lens 100 intersects with the corresponding line of sight or gaze, the minimum angle is displayed respectively. Figure 6A and Figure 6B The viewpoint shown through lens section 1 is located at position 0 on the lens, while the viewpoint shown through lens section 2 is located at approximately -8.5mm on the lens.

[0081] Specifically, the degree of image quality degradation is proportional to the sine of the angle β between the primary ray (or the principal ray of central vision) and the secondary ray (or the principal ray of peripheral vision). For example, for highly absorptive particles oriented along the primary ray direction, with a density of c (number of particles per unit area), an aspect ratio of a (a>1) relative to the central line of sight, and a cross-sectional area of ​​Q, an absorption rate of [missing value] can be achieved. Therefore, a higher aspect ratio (e.g., a>20 or a>50 or even higher) is particularly advantageous in order to produce a sufficiently large change in image quality (e.g., darkening) between central and peripheral vision. This can be achieved, for example, by needle-like microparticles made of silver, silver oxide, magnetite, or other highly absorbent materials, with a diameter of approximately 5 µm and a length of approximately 250 µm to 500 µm. With the help of particle density, particle densities suitable for inhibiting myopia progression can be used, for example, producing more than 5% peripheral darkening at a visual field decenter angle of 10°; the optimal value can, of course, be determined by research by those skilled in the art. In the example above, to achieve a 5% darkening effect, 475 5 µm × 250 µm particles per square millimeter are required. In the case of a hexagonal arrangement, the distance between the centers of the particles is approximately 50 µm.

[0082] The following will describe some specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0083] Exemplary Example 1 - Direction-dependent Absorber

[0084] To form the optically effective element, orientation-dependent absorbers can be used, for example. These absorbers can be formed into elongated objects, such as micropillars, microneedles, or microcones made of highly absorbent materials (e.g., graphite or silver oxide), and located within the spectacle lens material or varnish layer. Alternatively, a tandem structure of microspheres made of absorbent materials can also be used. Alternatively or additionally, an arrangement of two or more pigment spots can be used, located on the front and rear surfaces of the spectacle lens, and protected by a varnish layer if possible. The axis of the optically effective element can be the longitudinal axis of the micropillars or microneedles, the axis along which the microspheres are arranged, or the connecting axis of the nearest corresponding pigment spots on the front and rear surfaces.

[0085] Because light incident on the eye is absorbed at different absorption cross-sections depending on the position of the absorber along its longitudinal axis, thus darkening the image, direction-dependent absorbers reduce image quality. Central vision experiences less darkening compared to peripheral vision. Preferably, the diameter of the portion of the absorber closer to the eye is larger than the diameter of the portion farther from the eye, in order to define an angular range for central vision within which image quality remains unchanged (for very good absorbers) or changes only slightly (for absorbers that still exhibit significant transmittance in the longitudinal direction). For this purpose, it is also preferable to select the dimension (axial length) of one or more absorbers along the axis of the optically effective components such that, when the line of sight is centered, the portion of the absorber farther from the eye is completely covered by the portion closer to the eye, so that the shadow of the farther absorber portion is contained within the shadow of the closer absorber portion.

[0086] Microneedles or micropillars can be directly implanted into spectacle lenses or semi-finished spectacle lenses, such as into partially polymerized plastic materials or partially cured paint layers. Alternatively, microneedles or micropillars can be grown from solution or vapor phase into holes or channels created in spectacle lenses using laser ablation or photolithography via microindentation or microdrilling. When using laser ablation, microindentation, or microdrilling, in addition to the location of the resulting hole or channel, the axis of the hole or channel must also be adjustable according to its location, for example, by additionally controllably tilting the spectacle lens relative to the processing direction, or by using additional reflectors for beam control. For example, oriented microspheres can be injected into partially dried paint layers using hollow needles, with the needle being removed. The absorbent spheres can be introduced as solids or as liquids that subsequently cure.

[0087] The density of absorbers (i.e., the number of absorbers per unit area of ​​the spectacle lens) preferably depends on their position within the spectacle lens and is specifically configured such that the absorption generated in central vision remains constant as the direction of vision changes. If the absorbers are of the same size, the region of the spectacle lens closer to the (optical) center of rotation preferably has a higher absorber density than the region of the spectacle lens farther from the eye's (optical) center of rotation. Preferably, the absorbers are arranged such that the same number of absorbers exist in the cross-section relative to eye position (based on Haar measurement) or viewing angle (based on isotropic distribution of orientation on a unit sphere). This goal can be approximated by generating direction-dependent absorbers at the intersection of light rays and the rear surface of the spectacle lens, using a beam of light that passes through the optical center of rotation of the eye and is distributed as uniformly as possible. In this case, the axial direction of the optically effective components must be aligned with the direction of the light beam refracted on the surface of the spectacle lens.

[0088] The local density of the absorber at point (x, y) on the surface of the spectacle lens is related to cosα(x, y) / d(x, y). 2 The density of absorbers per unit area of ​​the spectacle lens is proportional to the angle between the normal to the surface of the lens at point (x, y) and the ray of the beam, and d(x, y) is the distance between the optical rotation center of the eye and point (x, y) on the surface of the spectacle lens. Therefore, the absorber density per unit area of ​​the spectacle lens also preferably depends on the individual frame parameters of the glasses, such as particularly the tilt angle of the frame, the tilt angle when worn, and / or the distance between the eye's rotation center and the spectacle lens when viewed through a centering cross, and / or the shape of the rear surface of the spectacle lens.

[0089] Absorbers can be arranged randomly or regularly (e.g., in a square lattice, hexagonal lattice, or quasi-lattice such as a Fibonacci lattice). Absorbers can also be arranged in a combination of regular and slightly random arrangements. To achieve this, the beam in the example above can be appropriately generated by adding a pseudo-random number following a normal distribution to the direction vector of the light rays, where the standard deviation of the pseudo-random number is less than the distance between adjacent light rays (e.g., 0.1 or 0.2 times that distance), and then renormalizing the direction vector to 1. As mentioned above, a random arrangement or an arrangement containing random components is preferable to a regular arrangement because the lack of a regular arrangement avoids the generation of interference patterns. Furthermore, in the case of a regular arrangement, absorbers designed for adjacent line-of-sight directions may exhibit undesirable overlap for a specific direction in the field of view. This does not occur with a random arrangement or an arrangement containing random components.

[0090] The average spacing and average size of the absorbers are preferably set such that, during observation, multiple absorbers (two or more, for example five, preferably ten or more) always project a (correspondingly weaker) shadow onto the preferred point of gaze. The corresponding scatterers are preferably located in the lens at positions covered by an imaginary beam of light converging at the preferred point of gaze. This means that the corresponding scatterers are preferably located within the area defined by the intersection of the peripheral rays and the rear surface of the spectacle lens.

[0091] Exemplary Example 2 - Diffuse Scatterer

[0092] Similar to Exemplary Example 1, diffuse scattering materials (e.g., scattering micropillars, microneedles, microcylinders, etc.) with elongated shapes and their axes oriented in accordance with the present invention can also be used to form optically effective components. Here, the reduction in image quality is caused by the diffuse scattering of light into the eye. The scatterer can be made of a highly reflective material with a highly curved surface (e.g., small metal spheres), or other surfaces that strongly scatter light (e.g., highly curved interfaces of cavities, droplets, or microchannels, etc.). The scattering cross-section of the scatterer is elongated along the principal ray direction of the beam used for central vision, and therefore has anisotropy, and the beam used for peripheral vision causes a greater reduction in image quality compared to the beam used for central vision.

[0093] Scatterers can be manufactured and formed in eyeglass lenses in a variety of ways, including the same methods used to form absorbers. Holes or channels can also be formed directly through microindentation or laser ablation. Alternatively, photolithography processes can be employed, such as anisotropic etching on appropriately curved (possibly segmented) surfaces, whose surface normals predetermine the orientation of the scatterer's axis.

[0094] Exemplary Example 3 – Direction-dependent combination of absorber and diffuser

[0095] Exemplary embodiment 1 can be extended to include, within or on the spectacle lens, not only a light-absorbing object but also a light-diffusing object combined with it. Alternatively, an object having both a light-absorbing portion and a light-diffusing portion may be used.

[0096] Preferably, the scatterer is positioned behind the absorber in the central line-of-sight direction, such that one or more absorbers at least partially absorb the light diffusely scattered by the scatterer, which would otherwise enter the eye without the absorber. Particularly advantageous is that the one or more absorbers are capable of completely absorbing the light originally emitted by the scatterer (located in the central line-of-sight direction) and incident into the pupil. Otherwise, this light could interfere with central vision, especially in the presence of bright peripheral light sources, potentially causing glare or severe loss of contrast in the central vision area. When the imaging characteristics of peripheral vision are reduced using a scatterer, this undesirable glare or severe loss of contrast in the central vision area can be avoided by appropriately arranging the absorber in front of the scatterer. For this purpose, the cross-section of one or more absorbers in the primary ray direction is preferably larger than the cross-section of the scatterer, and the distance between the scatterer and the absorber is specifically set to achieve a visual field area with approximately constant imaging quality.

[0097] Since the degree to which a scatterer is blocked by one or more absorbers depends on the pupil size of the eye looking through the lens and the distance to the absorber, the diameter and / or axial length of the absorber can vary depending on the wearer's pupil diameter and the absorber's position within the lens. The pupil parameters used for calculation can be the average expected pupil diameter or the maximum expected pupil diameter, and the pupil diameter itself can depend on the direction of vision, and thus on its position within the lens.

[0098] In addition to the absorbers in the central line of sight, preferably in the peripheral field of vision of the spectacle lens, outside the umbra of one or more absorbers, multiple or more scatterers are placed. Thus, in this area, the scatterers and absorbers together produce a stronger attenuation effect on image contrast than the central line of sight. This is achieved by producing scattering disk shadows (for absorbers) or bright spots in the image (for scatterers), which ultimately reduce image quality.

[0099] The absorption cross section of an absorber or the scattering cross section of a scatterer can be set in peripheral vision to minimize the image quality degradation caused by shadows and bright spots as the line of sight moves. This can be achieved by making the degree to which bright objects are darkened consistent with the degree to which dark objects are brightened.

[0100] Alternatively or supplementarily, an absorber can be used instead of a scatterer, and vice versa. Advantageously, a scatterer or absorber located closer to the eye in central vision can scatter or absorb the highest possible proportion of incident light. Otherwise, the scatterer or absorber will be partially transparent, weakening the image modulation effect or limiting adjustment to a smaller possible contrast range.

[0101] Another advantage of combining an absorber and a scatterer, positioned in front of the scatterer in the central line of sight, is that one or more additional light sources can be used to illuminate the scatterer. This can be achieved, for example, by using a light source (e.g., an LED) located at the edge of the spectacle lens. In this case, the light emitted by (multiple) light sources is scattered by the scatterer, but only absorbed by the absorber in central vision, not in peripheral vision. The intensity of the scattered light can be higher than the light intensity of the scene observed by the eyeglass wearer, thus enhancing the effect of myopia progression suppression compared to common spectacle lenses or corresponding contact lenses. This is because image quality can be controllably reduced by matching the light intensity of the light source to the ambient lighting. The latter can be performed using a light sensor and control unit mounted in the spectacle frame or lens.

[0102] Exemplary Example 4 - Direction-dependent anti-reflective coating

[0103] At least one optically effective component in the spectacle lens can be designed, for example, as a dielectric antireflective coating. This antireflective coating can be applied to a suitably curved segmented surface, with the surface normal of the antireflective coating parallel to the surface normal of the antireflective coating system. The antireflective coating system is preferably optimized such that when light is incident perpendicularly to the coating system, no or almost no reflection occurs, while the proportion of light reflection increases as the angle of incidence increases (preferably only after exceeding a predetermined threshold). In central vision, the normal of the coating system is arranged substantially parallel to the principal ray of light observed through the spectacle lens; in peripheral vision, the normal forms a non-zero angle with the principal ray. This results in a decrease in image quality in peripheral vision compared to central vision, due to intensity loss caused by reflections in the coating system or by scattered light incident from the sides.

[0104] Exemplary Example 5 – Direction-dependent holographic interference filter

[0105] Of course, holographic interference filters can also be produced. They are similar to dielectric antireflective coating systems and have direction-dependent transmission and / or reflection characteristics. These characteristics can be used to specifically reduce the imaging characteristics of eyeglass lenses in peripheral vision relative to central vision.

[0106] Quantification of image quality

[0107] The transmission characteristics of light propagating along primary and secondary rays can be used as an indicator of the direction-dependent imaging quality of spectacle lenses. To characterize these transmission characteristics, T is used below. pP and T pQ Let represent the two primary rays s passing through viewpoints P and Q (where P ≠ Q). pP and s pQ The transmittance. Along the two secondary rays s passing through the same viewpoints P and Q. sP and s sQ The transmittance is expressed by T sP and T sQ This indicates that these two secondary rays, located between the eyeglass lens 100 and the intersection point 30 of the primary ray, and at a predetermined distance L from the intersection point of the primary ray, extend at an angle β. sP,pQ or β sQ,pP With the principal ray from another viewpoint pQ and s pP Intersection. The convention adopted in this paper is that the transmittance value can range from 0 (no transmission) to 1 (complete transmission).

[0108] Within the scope of this invention, spectacle lenses may optionally possess one or more of the following characteristics advantageous to the wearer, which can be quantified by transmission characteristic conditions along the primary and secondary rays passing through the viewpoint pair (P, Q), wherein these conditions preferably apply to all viewpoint pairs, which consist of three or more (preferably all) viewpoints located within the effective area and spaced 1 mm or more apart from each other, provided that the distance between each pair of viewpoints is 10 mm or more:

[0109] Feature 1 – Directional correlation modulation of image quality:

[0110] To effectively control myopia, regardless of the viewing position or vantage point, reducing the image quality of peripheral vision relative to central vision may be beneficial. Therefore, regardless of which vantage point pair the primary and secondary rays pass through, along the path of the primary ray s... pP or s pQ Intersecting secondary rays s sQ or s sP The transmittance is at least higher than that along the primary ray s pP or s pQ Low transmittance Times. Therefore, applicable:

[0111] and ,

[0112] Among them, coefficient Preferably 0.98, more preferably 0.95, further preferably 0.90, even more preferably 0.70, and most preferably 0.60.

[0113] Feature 2 – Fully identifiable surrounding objects:

[0114] To achieve full recognizability of objects in the surrounding field of view, regardless of the viewpoint, along the two secondary rays s sP or s sQ Transmittance T sP or T sQ Preferably, all are higher than the predetermined minimum peripheral transmittance. The value of . Therefore, it is preferably applicable to:

[0115] and ,

[0116] in, Preferably 0.30, more preferably 0.50, and most preferably 0.60.

[0117] Feature 3 – Excellent image quality for central vision:

[0118] To ensure good image quality for central vision, along the two primary rays s pP or s pQ Transmittance T pP or T pQ All are higher than the predetermined minimum center transmittance Therefore, it applies to:

[0119] and

[0120] in, Preferably 0.60, more preferably 0.80, further preferably 0.90, even more preferably 0.95, and most preferably 0.98.

[0121] Feature 4 – Uniform image quality for central vision:

[0122] To achieve comfortable central vision and avoid undesirable optical phenomena such as the Purfrich effect caused by differences in brightness between the two eyes when wearing binoculars, along the two primary rays s pP and s pQ Transmittance T pP and T pQ The difference between them must not exceed their average value. Times. Therefore, applicable:

[0123] ,

[0124] Among them, the proportionality coefficient Preferably 0.30, more preferably 0.15, even more preferably 0.10, even more preferably 0.05, and most preferably 0.02.

[0125] Feature 5 – A significant and absolute reduction in peripheral vision imaging quality:

[0126] To effectively control myopia, in addition to a relative decrease in image quality compared to central visual acuity, an absolute decrease in image quality can also be predetermined. Therefore, the transmittance of the two secondary rays along the viewpoint pair (P, Q) preferably does not exceed a predetermined maximum peripheral transmittance. Therefore, it applies to:

[0127] and ,

[0128] in, Preferably 0.95, more preferably 0.90, further preferably 0.80, and most preferably 0.60.

[0129] The spectacle lens preferably possesses characteristic 1, and particularly preferably also possesses at least one of characteristics 2 to 5. The more of the above-mentioned characteristics a spectacle lens according to the invention possesses, the better its tolerance, or the better its effect on inhibiting axial elongation. These characteristics are listed in descending order of importance or effectiveness for high wearing comfort, wherein one or more of the later-listed characteristics, whether used alone or in combination with one or more (not necessarily all) of the earlier-listed characteristics, can achieve high wearing comfort and good myopia control.

[0130] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a possible measuring apparatus for determining the transmission characteristics of a spectacle lens 100 (according to the invention) is shown, wherein, for illustration, three optical paths are shown in the same figure: two are primary rays s passing through viewpoints P and Q. pP and s pQ The light path, and a secondary ray s that passes through the viewpoint P. sP The optical path. The viewpoints considered, P and Q, are separated by a distance d. PQ The transmittance along the corresponding primary and secondary rays was measured sequentially. For clarity, the secondary ray s was not plotted. sQ And all its related parameters. However, these parameters can be changed by swapping the labels of viewpoints P and Q, and according to the secondary ray s. sP The relevant parameters are used to display or determine the information.

[0131] against Figure 8 The three optical paths shown represent the light source BEL. pP BEL pQ and BELsP and the direction-dependent detector DET pP DET pQ and DET sP Each light source emits a collimated beam that propagates towards the spectacle lens 100, with a diameter approximately equal to the size of the eye's entrance pupil (e.g., 3 mm). A direction-dependent detector (DET) is used. pP DET pQ and DET sP Each has a narrow sensitivity peak near the direction of maximum sensitivity (e.g., the half-width of the peak is 2.5 degrees).

[0132] During the measurement, the light source moves along axis t. pP t pQ and t sP Emitting light. During the measurement, the detector DET... pP DET pQ and DET sP These detectors are positioned on the eye-side section of the primary ray, passing through the intersection point 30 of the primary ray and the viewpoint P or Q (marked in subscripts), and at a distance L from the intersection point 30, where L represents the distance from the entrance pupil of the eyeglass wearer to the center of eye rotation. This distance L is typically approximately 12 mm. The maximum sensitivity direction of the detector is along either the primary ray or the secondary ray (i.e., along the transmitted eye-side ray direction). , or ) Orientation.

[0133] Generally, it is preferred that one or more (especially all) of the above-mentioned characteristics (especially characteristic 1 and / or characteristic 2 and / or characteristic 5) are satisfied when at least one value of L is in the range of about 9 mm to about 15 mm, preferably when at least one value of L is in the range of about 11 mm to about 13 mm, and most preferably when L = 12 mm.

[0134] Along the primary ray s pP and s pQ Transmittance T pP and T pQ and along the secondary ray s sP Transmittance T sP The values ​​t along the incident light direction, as measured by the detector, are respectively... pP t pQ and t sP and the direction of the transmitted light rays from the eye side , and Intensity I pP I pQ and I sP and , , The ratio values ​​are shown below:

[0135] , , .

[0136] exist Figure 8 In the diagram, to make the representation more intuitive, an arrow t is drawn to indicate the axis. pP t pQ t sP , , and The length and the corresponding incident or transmitted intensity I pP I pQ I sP or , , Proportional, i.e. applicable or , where K is a constant, and xY usually represents the corresponding subscripts pP, pQ, and sP.

[0137] To achieve the above measurements, the position and direction of the light source, as well as the position of the detector, must be appropriately set for given viewpoints P and Q. Using the measuring device, the directions of the primary rays before and after the spectacle lens 100, and the resulting position of the primary ray intersection point 30, can be determined as follows: with viewpoints P or Q fixed, the incident beam direction t is changed independently (i.e., without fixing either of the two directions). pP t pQ or t sP and the direction of maximum detector sensitivity , or Relative to the direction of the spectacle lens 100, until the intensity is measured. , or The maximum value is reached. The incident intensity is measured in the same way, but without the spectacle lens 100.

[0138] The measuring device may optionally include a (thin) compensating lens 80, which enables consistent measurements over a wider range of refractive errors. In its simplest case, the compensating lens 80 has the opposite effect to the refractive error of the individuals for whom the spectacle lens 100 is intended. For example, the compensating lens may have the following compensatory effects:

[0139] ,

[0140] Where S, C, and A represent the spherical power, cylindrical power, and axis of the compensating lens (subscript "komp") or spectacle lens wearer's refractive power (subscript "Rx"), respectively. Similarly, the compensation effect can also be expressed using the Powervektor-Schreibweise method (i.e., using the spherical equivalent value M and the two astigmatic components J0 and J...). 45 To represent:

[0141] .

[0142] If the refractive power is unknown, it can be approximated, for example, by the local refractive power of the spectacle lens 100, particularly by appropriately forming a median, which can be formed in a vector representation of the refractive power of the spectacle lens 100 at the viewpoint, for example as the geometric median or component median of the entire surface of the spectacle lens 100.

[0143] If the conventional refractive power of spectacle lens 100 varies across the entire spectacle lens 100 (e.g., due to optimized wearing position), a compensating lens 80 can be used whose refractive power at least approximately compensates for the conventional refractive power of spectacle lens 100 at all viewpoints. For example, the compensating lens can be designed as a collimator integrated into the probe optical path and arranged along the direction of maximum sensitivity, which collimates the portion of light passing through the spectacle lens that undergoes conventional refraction before reaching the detector, based on the conventional refractive power at the current measurement viewpoint. Specifically, if the variation in the local conventional refractive power of spectacle lens 100 is unknown, the compensating lens 80 can compensate for the median of the local measured refractive power of spectacle lens 100 at a given viewpoint, which is determined within a finite region (e.g., a circular region with a diameter of 8 mm) around the corresponding viewpoint in spectacle lens 100. Of course, other quantiles besides the median can also be used to determine the local refractive power of spectacle lens 100. As a measuring device, in addition to a UV-VIS spectrometer with a positionable and directional light source and / or detector, a so-called haze meter is also suitable for measuring the transmission characteristics of a sample to be tested (i.e., spectacle lens 100, possibly with a compensating lens 80) (see, for example, US 2019 / 0235279 A1).

[0144] List of reference numerals 1. The segment of the spectacle lens at the first viewpoint within the effective area. 2. The lens segment at the second viewpoint within the effective area. 7. Front surface of eyeglass lens 8. Back surface of eyeglass lens 10. Area of ​​Effect 13 Primary Rays 15 Secondary Rays 20. Optical active components (optical active elements) 30 Primary Ray Intersection 35 Virtual Intersecting Spheres 40 Entrance pupil 50. Direction of gaze / line of focus 80 Compensation Lens 100 eyeglass lenses A. Absorber (light-absorbing element) Ax axis BEL Light Source DET detector HSz is the main ray of the beam used for central vision. HSp is the main ray of the beam used for peripheral vision. P's viewpoint Q Viewpoint S-scatterer (light scattering element) SO segmented surface TA partially blocks light VA completely blocks light

Claims

1. A spectacle lens (100) having an effective region (10) such that, for each viewpoint on the rear surface (8) of the spectacle lens within the effective region (10), the image quality of the spectacle lens (100) in the direction of the primary ray (13) corresponding to the respective viewpoint is maximized, and the primary rays (13) of all viewpoints within the effective region (10) substantially intersect at a common eye-side primary ray intersection point (30).

2. The spectacle lens (100) according to claim 1, wherein, For each viewpoint in the effective area (10) of the spectacle lens (100), when the light direction deviates from the light direction of the corresponding primary ray, the imaging quality of the spectacle lens (100) will at least partially decrease due to absorption and / or diffuse scattering and / or reduced contrast, compared to the maximum imaging quality of the spectacle lens at the corresponding viewpoint.

3. The spectacle lens (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The primary ray intersection (30) corresponds to the optical rotation center of the eye in the wearing position of the spectacle lens (100).

4. The spectacle lens (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The spectacle lens (100) has at least one optically active element (20) in the active area (10).

5. The spectacle lens (100) according to claim 4, in, The optical effect of the at least one optically active element (20) depends on the direction of the light incident on the at least one optically active element (20).

6. The spectacle lens (100) according to claim 4 or 5, wherein, The at least one optical active element (20) has a longitudinal axis, and the optical effect of the at least one optical active element (20) on light rays incident on the optical active element (20) depends on the angle between the light ray direction and the longitudinal axis, wherein preferably, the longitudinal axis is substantially parallel to the light ray direction of the primary light ray propagating in the region of the respective optical active element (20).

7. The spectacle lens (100) according to claim 6, wherein, For light rays whose angle between their direction and the longitudinal axis is less than or equal to a predefined threshold angle, the optical effect of the at least one optically active element (20) remains substantially constant, and for light rays whose angle between their direction and the longitudinal axis is greater than the predefined threshold angle, the optical effect of the at least one optically active element (20) continuously increases with the increase of the angle.

8. The spectacle lens (100) according to any one of claims 4 to 7, in, The at least one optically active element (20) includes at least one light-absorbing element (A) and / or at least one light-scattering element (S); and / or Wherein, at least one of the at least one optically effective element (20) comprises a micropillar, a microneedle, and / or a microcone; and / or Wherein, at least one of the at least one optically effective element (20) comprises a plurality of microspheres arranged in series; and / or Wherein, at least one of the at least one optically effective element (20) comprises a plurality of pigment spots arranged in series; and / or Wherein, at least one of the at least one optically effective element (20) includes a dielectric antireflective coating; and / or At least one of the at least one optically effective element (20) includes a holographic interference filter.

9. The spectacle lens (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spectacle lens has a plurality of optically effective elements (20) within the effective region (10), wherein, The plurality of optically effective elements include at least one light-absorbing element (A) and at least one light-scattering element (S), wherein each of the at least one light-scattering element (S) is arranged closer to the front surface (7) of the spectacle lens (100) than each of the at least one light-absorbing element (A).

10. The spectacle lens (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spectacle lens has a plurality of optically effective elements (20) within the effective region (10), wherein, The plurality of optically effective elements (20) include at least one light scattering element (S) and at least one light absorbing element (A) corresponding to the light scattering element, such that light emitted from the at least one light scattering element (S) along the ray direction of the primary ray propagating in the respective region of the light scattering element (S) is at least partially absorbed by the corresponding light absorbing element.

11. The spectacle lens (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, the spectacle lens having a plurality of optically active elements (20) distributed on the active area (10) such that the positions of the optically active elements are projected along the primary light rays propagating in the regions of the respective optically active elements onto corresponding viewpoints on the rear surface (8) of the spectacle lens (100), thereby forming an area density distribution thereon, the area density distribution being consistent with... Proportional, of which, d represents the distance between the corresponding viewpoint and the intersection point (30) of the primary ray, and α represents the angle between the eye-side ray direction of the primary ray corresponding to the corresponding viewpoint and the surface normal of the rear surface (8) of the spectacle lens (100) at the corresponding viewpoint.

12. The spectacle lens (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spectacle lens has a plurality of optically active elements (20) in the effective region (10), the arrangement of the optically active elements being irregular, or at least having an irregular component.

13. Eyeglasses comprising at least one spectacle lens (100) according to any of the preceding claims.

14. The eyeglasses according to claim 13, wherein, At least one of the at least one optically active elements (20) of the at least one spectacle lens (100) includes at least one light scattering element (S), and wherein the spectacle further includes: - One or more light sources for illuminating the at least one light scattering element (S); - A light sensor used to detect ambient light; and - A control unit for adjusting the light intensity of one or more of the light sources based on the ambient light detected by the light sensor.

Images