Crop harvesting, carbonizing and fertilizing all-in-one machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a crop harvesting, carbonizing and fertilizing all-in-one machine which comprises a machine frame, a front driving wheel and a rear driving wheel, the front driving wheel and the rear driving wheel are connected with the two sides of the machine frame respectively, a combine harvester is fixedly connected to the top end of the machine frame, and a processing mechanism and a connecting mechanism are installed at the top end of the machine frame. When the crop harvesting, carbonizing and fertilizing all-in-one machine works, the combine harvester can directly run to a farmland to work, procedures such as harvesting, threshing, stem separation and impurity removal are carried out on crops such as corn straws, and then the straws are preliminarily pre-dried through the vacuum gas explosion pre-dryer; and then the straw subjected to preliminary cutting and drying enters the first box body through the feeding hopper, the first driving assembly drives the smashing roller to conduct better smashing treatment on the straw, the smashed straw is conveyed to the carbonization chamber under the action of the conveying auger, and an electric heating pipe set in the carbonization chamber can conduct carbonization treatment on the straw.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to an integrated machine for crop harvesting, carbonization, and fertilization. Background Technology

[0002] my country is a major agricultural country, and the disposal of crop straw, such as rice, corn, and wheat, has long faced numerous challenges in agricultural production, making it difficult to utilize the straw scientifically and effectively. Traditional methods for processing crop straw include: open burning, using it as animal feed, and direct return to the field or composting. The former is relatively convenient, while the latter requires specialized equipment.

[0003] Currently, existing technologies for the subsequent processing of straw have certain limitations. Specifically, after the straw is cut, it requires an additional transportation step: transporting it to specialized crushing equipment for further processing, and then transferring the crushed straw material to the carbonization unit. This series of operations not only significantly increases the complexity of the overall processing but also leads to higher processing costs and reduced overall work efficiency. Furthermore, during multiple transportation processes, the loose nature of the straw material makes it prone to spillage, resulting in resource waste and requiring additional manpower and time for cleanup, further increasing the operational burden.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop an automated processing device that integrates cutting, crushing, carbonization, and smoke and dust treatment functions and can be directly applied to agricultural operations to solve the problems existing in the straw processing efficiency of current technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an integrated crop harvesting, carbonization, and fertilization machine, which solves the problem that existing technologies require multiple transfers for subsequent straw processing, significantly increasing the complexity of the overall processing steps, leading to higher processing costs, and reducing overall work efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a crop harvesting carbonization and fertilization integrated machine, comprising a frame and a front drive wheel and a rear drive wheel respectively connected to its two sides, a combine harvester fixed to the top of the frame, and a processing mechanism installed at the top of the frame; The processing mechanism includes a first housing fixed to the top of the frame. A heat insulation plate is fixedly connected to the center of the first housing. A first vertical plate and a second vertical plate are fixedly connected to the first housing above and below the heat insulation plate, respectively. A pair of crushing rollers are rotatably connected to the first housing via bearings. A conveying auger is rotatably connected to the first housing via the second vertical plate. A carbonization chamber is located on the outer side of the second vertical plate, and a heat insulation layer fixed to the first housing is connected to the outer wall of the carbonization chamber. An electric heating tube assembly is installed inside the carbonization chamber. A drive assembly is installed at the outer roller shaft of the crushing rollers. A cooling assembly and a dust treatment assembly are installed inside and outside the first housing, respectively. The combine harvester is equipped with a controller to control various electrical structures, thereby achieving control. The heat insulation plate and heat insulation layer can be made of perlite, fiber materials, etc., to achieve heat insulation.

[0007] Preferably, the drive assembly includes spur gears fixedly connected to the outer walls of a pair of crushing roller shafts, the pair of spur gears meshing together, a second housing fixedly connected to the side wall of the first housing, and a motor fixedly connected to the upper inner wall of the second housing, the output shaft of the motor being connected to the front crushing roller shaft via a coupling, and synchronous pulleys fixedly connected to both the conveying auger and the front crushing roller shaft, the pair of synchronous pulleys being rotatably connected by a synchronous belt; when the motor starts, it drives the pair of crushing rollers to rotate via the spur gears, crushing the straw, and the crushed straw is conveyed to the carbonization chamber by the conveying auger. Since the crushing rollers and the conveying auger are driven by a single motor, cost savings are possible.

[0008] Preferably, the cooling assembly includes a third box fixedly connected to the top of the heat insulation plate. The top of the third box is connected to an inlet pipe, and the outer wall of the inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the interior of the first box. Cooling plates and a water pump are fixedly connected to the two side walls of the third box, respectively. A fan is connected to the heat-dissipating end of the cooling plate. The inlet and outlet of the water pump are respectively connected to a first pipe and a second pipe. The ends of the first pipe and the second pipe away from the water pump are both connected to the interior of the third box. The middle section of the first pipe passes through the first box and is wound around and connected to a discharge pipe. The left end of the discharge pipe passes through the first box and is connected to the interior of the carbonization chamber. The discharge pipe can also be a square pipe for easy discharge. It is made of high-temperature resistant material to improve service life. A discharge port can be opened at the corresponding frame below the discharge pipe to discharge the carbonized straw into the field.

[0009] Preferably, the dust treatment component includes a gas pipe communicating with the interior of the top of the carbonization chamber. The top of the gas pipe passes through an insulation layer, an insulation plate, and a first housing in sequence and is connected to a dust separation and recovery system. The dust separation and recovery system consists of a condensing tower, a liquid storage tank, a gas washing tank, a drying tank, a gas recovery power generation unit, and a slag storage tank. The dust generated during the carbonization process enters the dust separation and recovery system through the gas pipe and undergoes condensation treatment in the condensing tower, cooling the gaseous substances into liquid and solid states. The liquid substances flow into the liquid storage tank, and the solid substances become residues that enter the slag storage tank. Then, the gas enters the gas washing tank for cleaning to remove some impurities and harmful gases. Next, it undergoes drying treatment in the drying tank. Finally, the gas recovery power generation unit recovers and utilizes the combustible gas, converting it into electrical energy. Beneficial substances are collected for subsequent use, thereby realizing energy reuse.

[0010] Preferably, a ventilated mesh is fixed to the top of the first housing; the fan can conduct the heat released by the hot end of the cooling chip through the ventilated mesh, and the cooling chip can also be implemented using other cooling technologies.

[0011] Preferably, a feeding hopper is fixedly connected to the top of the first box; the feeding hopper is connected to the inside of the first box, so as to facilitate the straw to enter the first box for crushing.

[0012] Preferably, a temperature sensor and a liquid level sensor are installed below the front end face of the third housing.

[0013] Preferably, a vacuum explosion pre-dryer is fixed to the outer top of the frame. Beneficial effects

[0014] This invention provides an integrated machine for crop harvesting, carbonization, and fertilization, which has the following beneficial effects: This integrated crop harvesting, carbonization, and fertilization machine combines cutting, crushing, carbonization, and dust treatment functions into one unit, effectively solving the problem of multiple transfers required for straw processing in existing technologies. During operation, the combine harvester can directly drive to the farmland to harvest, thresh, separate stalks, and remove debris from crops such as corn stalks. Then, the straw is pre-dried by a vacuum explosion pre-dryer. After the straw has been pre-cut and dried, it enters the first chamber through the feed hopper. The first drive component drives the crushing roller to further crush the straw. The crushed straw is then transported to the carbonization chamber by the conveying auger. The electric heating tubes in the carbonization chamber can carbonize the straw. During this process, the heat insulation plate and heat insulation layer can effectively prevent heat loss and ensure the efficient carbonization process. Meanwhile, the cooling component can cool down the discharge pipe to prevent it from being damaged by high temperature and extend its service life. It also cools down the carbonized straw. The smoke and dust treatment component can effectively treat the smoke and dust generated during the carbonization process, realizing the reuse of energy and reducing environmental pollution. This integrated design greatly simplifies the straw processing process, reduces processing costs, improves work efficiency, avoids resource waste and cleaning burden caused by straw spillage during multiple transfers, and reduces manual operation steps, thus reducing labor intensity. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Front drive wheel; 3. Rear drive wheel; 4. Combine harvester; 5. First housing; 6. Heat insulation plate; 7. First vertical plate; 8. Crushing roller; 9. Second vertical plate; 10. Conveying auger; 11. Feed hopper; 12. Carbonization chamber; 13. Heat insulation layer; 14. Electric heating tube assembly; 15. Air pipe; 16. Dust separation and recovery system; 17. Spur gear; 18. Motor; 19. Synchronous pulley; 20. Synchronous belt; 21. Third housing; 22. Liquid inlet pipe; 23. Cooling element; 24. Water pump; 25. Fan; 26. First pipe; 27. Second pipe; 28. Second housing; 29. ​​Discharge pipe; 30. Ventilation mesh; 31. Vacuum explosion pre-dryer. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Please see Figure 1-5The present invention provides a technical solution: a crop harvesting carbonization and fertilization integrated machine, including a frame 1 and a front drive wheel 2 and a rear drive wheel 3 respectively connected to its two sides, a combine harvester 4 fixed to the top of the frame 1, and a processing mechanism installed on the top of the frame 1. The processing mechanism includes a first housing 5 fixedly connected to the top of the frame 1. A heat insulation plate 6 is fixedly connected to the middle of the interior of the first housing 5. A first vertical plate 7 and a second vertical plate 9 are fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the heat insulation plate 6 and the first housing 5, respectively. A pair of crushing rollers 8 are rotatably connected between the first vertical plate 7 and the first housing 5 through bearings. A conveying auger 10 is rotatably connected between the second vertical plate 9 and the first housing 5. A carbonization chamber 12 is provided on the outside of the second vertical plate 9. A heat insulation layer 13 fixedly connected to the first housing 5 is connected to the outer wall of the carbonization chamber 12. An electric heating tube group 14 is provided inside the carbonization chamber 12. A drive assembly is installed at the outer roller shaft of the crushing rollers 8. A cooling assembly and a dust treatment assembly are installed inside and outside the first housing 5, respectively. The combine harvester 4 is equipped with controllers to control various electrical components, which is existing technology and can be fully implemented by those skilled in the art, so it will not be described in detail. The heat insulation plate 6 and the heat insulation layer 13 can be made of perlite, fiber materials, etc., to achieve heat insulation. The front drive wheel 2 and the rear drive wheel can be tires or tracks to meet the needs of more terrains. At the same time, an existing stubble cutter can be connected to the left end of the frame 1 to process the remaining straw after harvesting in the field. The combine harvester 4 can adopt a riding structure or an unmanned automatic driving mode.

[0023] In this embodiment, the drive assembly includes a spur gear 17 fixedly connected to the outer wall of a pair of crushing rollers 8, a pair of spur gears 19 meshing with each other, a second housing 28 fixedly connected to the side wall of the first housing 1, and a motor 18 fixedly connected to the upper inner wall of the second housing 28, and the output shaft of the motor 18 connected to the front crushing roller 8 through a coupling, and synchronous pulleys 19 fixedly connected to both the conveying auger 10 and the front crushing roller 8, and a pair of synchronous pulleys 19 rotatably connected to each other through a synchronous belt 20; When the motor 18 starts, it drives a pair of crushing rollers 8 to rotate through the spur gear 17 to crush the straw. The crushed straw is then conveyed to the carbonization chamber 12 by the conveying auger 10. At the same time, the crushing rollers 8 and the conveying auger 10 are rotated by a motor in conjunction with the synchronous pulley 19 and the synchronous belt 20, which can save on investment and reduce later maintenance costs.

[0024] In this embodiment, the cooling assembly includes a third housing 21 fixedly connected to the top of the heat insulation plate 6. The top of the third housing 21 is connected to an inlet pipe 22, and the outer wall of the inlet pipe 22 is fixedly connected to the interior of the first housing 5. Cooling chips 23 and water pumps 24 are fixedly connected to the two side walls of the third housing 21, respectively. A fan 25 is connected to the heat-dissipating end of the cooling chip 23. The inlet and outlet of the water pump 24 are respectively connected to a first pipe 26 and a second pipe 27. The ends of the first pipe 26 and the second pipe 27 away from the water pump 24 are connected to the interior of the third housing 21. The middle section of the first pipe 26 passes through the first housing 5 and is wound with a discharge pipe 29. The left end of the discharge pipe 29 passes through the first housing 5 and is connected to the interior of the carbonization chamber 12. The discharge pipe 29 can also be a square pipe for easy discharge. It can also be set below or in the middle of the carbonization chamber 12. It is made of high temperature resistant material to improve service life. A discharge port and spreader can be opened at the frame 1 below the discharge pipe 29 to evenly discharge the carbonized straw into the field. A collection box can also be set up for collection and subsequent use.

[0025] In this embodiment, the dust treatment component includes a gas pipe 15 that communicates with the interior of the top of the carbonization chamber 12. The top of the gas pipe 15 passes through the heat insulation layer 13, the heat insulation plate 6 and the first box 5 in sequence and is connected to a dust separation and recovery system 16. The dust separation and recovery system 16 consists of a condensation tower, a liquid storage tank, a gas washing tank, a drying tank, a gas recovery power generation unit and a slag storage tank. The smoke and dust generated during the carbonization process enter the smoke and dust separation and recovery system 16 through the gas pipe 15. In the condensation tower, the gaseous substances are cooled into liquid and solid states. The liquid substances flow into the liquid storage tank, and the solid substances become residue and enter the residue storage tank. Then, the gas enters the gas washing tank for cleaning, removing some impurities and harmful gases. Next, it passes through the drying tank for drying. Finally, the gas recovery power generation unit recovers and utilizes the combustible gas, converting it into electricity. Beneficial substances are collected for subsequent use, thus achieving energy reuse. This technology references the mobile microwave-assisted rapid pyrolysis and multi-generation device for agricultural and forestry straw with publication number CN112480950A, therefore, this application will not elaborate further.

[0026] In this embodiment, a breathable mesh 40 is further provided on the top of the first box 5; The fan 25 can conduct heat released from the hot end of the cooling element 23 through the ventilation mesh 40. At the same time, the cooling element 23 can also be implemented using other cooling technologies.

[0027] In this embodiment, the top of the first box 5 is further configured to have a feed hopper 11 fixedly connected to it; The feed hopper 11 is connected to the inside of the first box 5, so as to facilitate the straw to enter the first box 5 for crushing.

[0028] In this embodiment, a temperature sensor and a liquid level sensor are further configured to be installed below the front end face of the third housing 21.

[0029] In this embodiment, a vacuum explosion pre-dryer 31 is further configured to be fixed to the outer side of the top of the frame 1; The vacuum explosion pre-dryer 31 mainly consists of a buffer tank, a jacketed coil, a ball valve, a horizontal cylindrical gas explosion tank, and a vacuum pump. This technology is based on a pulsed vacuum gas explosion processing method and device for food raw materials, which is published in application number CN108450989A. After the straw is initially crushed by the combine harvester 4, it can be pre-dried by the vacuum explosion pre-dryer 31 before carbonization, thereby increasing the subsequent carbonization effect.

[0030] It is worth noting that all standard parts used in this invention can be purchased commercially, and irregularly shaped parts can be customized according to the description and drawings. The specific connection methods for each part all employ conventional methods such as bolts, rivets, and welding, which are mature technologies in the prior art. The models of electrical structures and equipment involved can be selected according to the user's needs, as long as they meet the requirements of this application. Furthermore, the circuit connections adopt conventional connection methods in the prior art. The supporting electrical structures for control, current detection, position feedback, predicted voltage synchronization, and parameter adjustment of the electrical equipment are all existing technologies, such as PLC controllers and module structures, and therefore will not be described in detail here. All content not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0031] Those skilled in the art can connect the components in this case sequentially. The specific connection and operation sequence should refer to the working principle described below. The detailed connection methods are well-known technologies in the field. The working principle and process are mainly described below.

[0032] Example: When this device is needed, the components can be assembled according to the diagram, ensuring bolts are tightened and welds are secure. Then, the circuit and control devices are connected. After checking that all interfaces are correct, a power-on test is performed to ensure that current detection, position feedback, and other functions are normal. The control devices are then installed in appropriate positions. Before operation, all structures are cleaned. The operator then moves the device to the field where straw needs to be processed using a combine harvester 4. The combine harvester 4 first harvests, threshes, separates stalks, and removes debris from the straw and corn in the field. The operator then collects the initially crushed straw thrown from the combine harvester 4 and pre-dries it using a vacuum explosion pre-dryer 31. Afterward, the straw is fed into the first chamber through the feed hopper. The control motor 18 is started, driving a pair of crushing rollers 8 to rotate via a spur gear 17. The straw undergoes better crushing. The crushed straw is conveyed to the carbonization chamber 12 by the conveying auger 10. The electric heating tube group 14 is controlled by the thermostat in the combine harvester 4 to carbonize the crushed straw. As the material in the carbonization chamber 12 increases, the straw that enters first will be squeezed to the first pipe 26 after carbonization. At this time, the cooling component starts to work. The water pump 24 conveys the coolant in the third box 21 through the first pipe 26. During the process of the coolant winding around the discharge pipe 29, it carries away the heat from the discharge pipe 29 and the carbonized straw inside, which plays a cooling role. Then the coolant returns to the third box 21 through the second pipe 27 to achieve circulation. The cooling plate 23 cools the coolant, and the fan 25 dissipates heat from the heat-dissipating end of the cooling plate 23. At the same time, the temperature sensor and the liquid level sensor monitor the temperature and liquid level of the coolant in real time. The smoke and dust generated during the carbonization process enter the smoke and dust separation and recovery system 16 through the gas pipe 15. The gaseous substances are condensed in the condensation tower, cooling them into liquid and solid states. The liquid substances flow into the liquid storage tank, and the solid substances become residues that enter the residue storage tank. Then, the gas enters the gas washing tank for cleaning to remove some impurities and harmful gases. Next, it passes through the drying tank for drying. Finally, the gas recovery power generation unit recovers the combustible gas and converts it into electricity. Beneficial substances are collected for subsequent use, thereby realizing the reuse of energy. This technology refers to the mobile microwave-assisted rapid pyrolysis and multi-generation device for agricultural and forestry straw with application publication number CN112480950A, so this application will not elaborate further. The carbonized product is discharged through the discharge pipe 29 and can be used directly for fertilization or collected for subsequent use. This completes the integrated operation from crop straw harvesting to carbonization and then to fertilization, avoiding the trouble of multiple transfers, improving work efficiency, reducing processing costs, and reducing resource waste and environmental pollution. Throughout the operation, the ventilation net 30 ensures air circulation within the first housing 5, maintaining the normal operating environment of the device. Operators can flexibly adjust the position and operation progress of the device using the combine harvester 4 according to the actual situation, ensuring effective treatment of straw in different areas. The front drive wheel 2 and rear drive wheel 3 can be replaced with tracked structures to adapt to more complex terrain.

[0033] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, the phrase "comprising an element defined as..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0034] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A crop harvesting, carbonization, and fertilization integrated machine, comprising a frame (1) and a front drive wheel (2) and a rear drive wheel (3) respectively connected to its two sides, wherein a combine harvester (4) is fixedly connected to the top of the frame (1), characterized in that: A processing mechanism is installed at the top of the frame (1); The processing mechanism includes a first housing (5) fixed to the top of the frame (1). A heat insulation plate (6) is fixed in the middle of the interior of the first housing (5). A first vertical plate (7) and a second vertical plate (9) are fixed to the upper and lower sides of the heat insulation plate (6) and the first housing (5), respectively. A pair of crushing rollers (8) are rotatably connected between the first vertical plate (7) and the first housing (5) through a bearing. A conveying auger (10) is rotatably connected between the second vertical plate (9) and the first housing (5). A carbonization chamber (12) is provided on the outer side of the second vertical plate (9). A heat insulation layer (13) fixed to the first housing (5) is connected to the outer wall of the carbonization chamber (12). An electric heating tube group (14) is provided inside the carbonization chamber (12). A drive assembly is installed at the outer roller shaft of the crushing roller (8). A cooling assembly and a dust treatment assembly are installed inside and outside the first housing (5), respectively.

2. The integrated crop harvesting, carbonization, and fertilization machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly includes a spur gear (17) fixed to the outer wall of a pair of crushing rollers (8), a pair of spur gears (19) meshing together, a second housing (28) fixed to the side wall of the first housing (1), and a motor (18) fixed to the upper inner wall of the second housing (28), and the output shaft of the motor (18) is connected to the front crushing roller (8) through a coupling. The conveying auger (10) and the front crushing roller (8) are both fixed to synchronous pulleys (19), and the pair of synchronous pulleys (19) are rotatably connected by a synchronous belt (20).

3. The integrated crop harvesting, carbonization, and fertilization machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling assembly includes a third box (21) fixed to the top of the heat insulation plate (6). The top of the third box (21) is connected to an inlet pipe (22), and the outer wall of the inlet pipe (22) is fixed to the interior of the first box (5). The two side walls of the third box (21) are respectively fixed to a cooling chip (23) and a water pump (24). The heat-releasing end of the cooling chip (23) is connected to a fan (25). The inlet and outlet of the water pump (24) are respectively connected to a first pipe (26) and a second pipe (27). The ends of the first pipe (26) and the second pipe (27) away from the water pump (24) are connected to the interior of the third box (21). The middle section of the first pipe (26) passes through the first box (5) and is wound with a discharge pipe (29). The left end of the discharge pipe (29) passes through the first box (5) and is connected to the interior of the carbonization chamber (12).

4. The integrated crop harvesting, carbonization, and fertilization machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust treatment component includes a gas pipe (15) that communicates with the interior of the top of the carbonization chamber (12). The top of the gas pipe (15) passes through the insulation layer (13), the insulation plate (6), and the first box (5) in sequence and is connected to a dust separation and recovery system (16). The dust separation and recovery system (16) consists of a condenser tower, a liquid storage tank, a gas washing tank, a drying tank, a gas recovery power generation unit, and a slag storage tank.

5. The integrated crop harvesting, carbonization, and fertilization machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the first box (5) is fixed with a breathable mesh (30).

6. The integrated crop harvesting, carbonization, and fertilization machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the first box (5) is fixed with a feed hopper (11).

7. The integrated crop harvesting, carbonization, and fertilization machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, A temperature sensor and a liquid level sensor are installed below the front end face of the third housing (21).

8. The integrated crop harvesting, carbonization, and fertilization machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, A vacuum explosion pre-dryer (31) is fixed to the outer side of the top of the frame (1).

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