Method for preventing and treating waxberry wilt disease

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preventing and treating waxberry wilting disease. The method comprises the following steps: spraying a bamboo vinegar stock solution diluted by 5-10 times to soil, spraying a mixed solution of 1600-2000 times of thifluzamide and 900-1200 times of difenoconazole to tree bodies, and realizing disease prevention and treatment in cooperation with specific spraying periods, astragalus sinicus planting and nitrogen fertilizer control. Wherein the soil is sprayed for one time within 5 days after fruit picking and for one time within 2.5-3.5 cm of summer shoots, the tree body is sprayed for one time within 7 days after fruit picking and for one time within 4-6 cm of summer shoots, and the spraying period of the same batch of tree bodies is 2 days or more later than that of the soil; astragalus sinicus is sown in October, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is controlled throughout the year, the fruit / compound fertilizer weight ratio is greater than 50, and no urea is applied. The method for preventing and treating the waxberry wilt disease only twice a week, the dosage is remarkably reduced, the immunity of tree bodies for resisting the wilt disease is further enhanced by improving the soil environment, improving the root activity, controlling the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer and keeping the moderate tree vigor of waxberries, the prevention and treatment effect reaches 69% or above, and the method has the advantages of being environmentally friendly, efficient, easy and convenient to operate and suitable for large-scale application and popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fruit tree disease control technology, specifically to a green and efficient control method for waxberry wilt disease. Background Technology

[0002] Waxberry is a specialty fruit of southern my country, with sweet and juicy flesh, rich in nutrients, and possessing both edible and economic value. It is widely cultivated in provinces such as Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong, and has become one of the pillar industries of local agriculture. However, in recent years, waxberry wilt disease has frequently occurred, posing a serious threat to the industry's development. Waxberry wilt disease is a systemic disease that mainly affects the branches, leaves, and roots of waxberry trees. Early symptoms include yellowing and curling of leaves, followed by withering of branches. In severe cases, the entire tree dies, leading to reduced yields or even total crop failure.

[0003] Currently, the control methods for waxberry wilt disease are relatively simple, mainly relying on chemical spraying. In existing technologies, fruit growers often use frequent spraying of multiple fungicides, with some orchards applying pesticides 5-8 times per week per year. This not only results in high pesticide usage and costs but also leads to increased pesticide resistance in pathogens, causing a gradual decline in control effectiveness. Furthermore, excessive application of chemical agents can cause soil pollution, disrupt the orchard's ecological balance, and may also lead to excessive pesticide residues in fruit, affecting food safety and consumer health.

[0004] Furthermore, existing control methods neglect the impact of soil environment improvement and tree nutrition regulation on disease resistance. Long-term continuous cropping in bayberry orchards, with excessive application of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, leads to soil compaction, acidification, reduced organic matter content, and an imbalance in the soil microbial community. This disrupts the nutritional metabolism of bayberry trees and weakens their immunity, further exacerbating the occurrence and spread of wilt disease. Although some fruit growers have attempted measures such as increasing the application of organic fertilizers and pruning diseased branches, these lack synergy with chemical control, failing to form a systematic control plan and making it difficult to fundamentally control the disease.

[0005] Therefore, in view of the problems of large dosage, poor efficacy, environmental pollution, and neglect of soil improvement and nutrient regulation in existing technologies, it is urgent to develop a green, efficient, easy-to-operate method for controlling bayberry wilt disease that takes into account both disease control and tree health. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a method for preventing and controlling wilt disease in bayberry. Through a combination of measures including synergistic application of pesticides, planting of green manure, and control of nitrogen fertilizer, the method can effectively prevent and control the disease, while reducing the amount of pesticides used, improving the soil environment, enhancing the tree's resistance, and ensuring the sustainable development of the bayberry industry.

[0007] This invention is implemented as follows: A method for preventing and controlling wilt disease in bayberry, the method comprising spraying a pesticide, as detailed below: The pesticide application is divided into soil spraying and tree spraying. The pesticide for soil spraying is bamboo vinegar stock solution, diluted 5-10 times before application. The pesticide for tree spraying is a mixture of thifluzamide and difenoconazole, in which thifluzamide is diluted 1600-2000 times and difenoconazole is diluted 900-1200 times. The soil spraying time is 3-5 days after fruit harvest for the first spray and when the summer shoots reach 2.5-3.5 cm in length for the second spray. Each spraying should be applied to the soil under the canopy, and no spraying should be applied within 0.5 meters of the trunk. The first spraying should be done 5-7 days after harvesting. For the same batch of trees, the spraying time should be 2 days or more later than the soil spraying time. The second spraying should be done when the summer shoots reach 4-6 cm in length. Furthermore, the method also includes green manure planting and nitrogen fertilizer management steps, as detailed below: Sow milkvetch green manure in the orchard in October; Control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied throughout the year. The amount of pure nitrogen fertilizer applied per plant should be less than 0.2 kg. Do not apply urea. The weight ratio of fruit to compound fertilizer should be greater than 50. The nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium ratio in the compound fertilizer should be 16:16:16.

[0008] Furthermore, the bamboo vinegar stock solution is diluted 8 times.

[0009] Furthermore, in the tree spraying agent, thifluzamide is diluted 1600 times and difenoconazole is diluted 1000 times.

[0010] Furthermore, the sowing method for milkvetch green manure is broadcasting throughout the garden, with a sowing rate of 2-2.5 kg / mu.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: Significant control effect: Through the synergistic effect of bamboo vinegar with thifluzamide and difenoconazole, combined with specific spraying time, the control effect reaches more than 69%, which is significantly better than the control effect of existing single or conventional mixed agents.

[0012] Low pesticide usage and environmentally friendly: Only two pesticide applications per week significantly reduce the amount of chemical agents used, lowering the risk of pesticide residues and pollution to soil and the environment, which meets the requirements of green agricultural development.

[0013] Improving the soil environment: Planting milkvetch green manure increases the soil organic matter content, improves soil structure, and enhances soil fertility, providing good soil conditions for the growth of bayberry trees.

[0014] Enhance tree resistance: By controlling nitrogen fertilizer and improving soil, regulate the nutritional balance of the tree, enhance the tree's own immunity, and fundamentally reduce the occurrence of wilt disease.

[0015] Easy to operate and low cost: The pesticide ratio is simple, the spraying time is clear, and the agricultural operation is easy to master. It is suitable for large-scale application by fruit farmers, and it reduces the number of pesticide applications and fertilizer usage, thus reducing production costs. Detailed Implementation

[0016] This invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling wilt disease in bayberry, comprising the following specific steps: 1. Drug selection and formulation Soil spraying agent: Use bamboo vinegar concentrate, diluted 5-10 times before use. Bamboo vinegar has the effects of sterilization, soil improvement and root growth promotion, and can effectively inhibit the reproduction of pathogens in the soil.

[0017] Tree spraying agent: Use a mixture of thifluzamide and difenoconazole, with thifluzamide diluted 1600-2000 times and difenoconazole diluted 900-1200 times. The two agents work synergistically to effectively control pathogens on the tree and improve the control effect.

[0018] 2. Spraying time and operation Soil foliar spraying: Spray twice. The first application should be done within 5 days after harvest, when the tree has consumed a lot of nutrients and pathogens are more likely to invade. Timely spraying can block the spread of pathogens. The second application should be done when the summer shoots reach about 3 cm in length. The summer shoot growth period is a critical period for pathogen infection, and spraying can protect the growth of new shoots. When spraying, only apply to the soil under the canopy, and do not spray within 0.5 meters of the trunk to avoid damage to the trunk.

[0019] Tree spraying: Spray twice. The first spraying should be done within 7 days after harvest. For trees of the same batch, the spraying time should be 2 days or more later than the soil spraying time. After harvest, the tree wounds are not yet healed and are susceptible to pathogens; timely spraying can protect the tree. The second spraying should be done when the summer shoots reach about 5 cm in length. At this time, the new shoots are less lignified and more susceptible to disease; spraying at this time can effectively prevent disease on the new shoots. When spraying, ensure even coverage of leaves and branches to guarantee uniform pesticide adhesion.

[0020] 3. Green manure planting In October, sow milkvetch green manure in the orchard by broadcasting throughout the orchard at a rate of 2-2.5 kg / mu. Milkvetch can be used to cover the soil in winter to reduce soil erosion. After flowering the following year, it can be turned into the soil to increase soil organic matter content, improve soil structure, promote the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, and enhance soil fertility and tree resistance.

[0021] 4. Nitrogen fertilizer management Control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied throughout the year, with each tree receiving less than 0.2 kg of pure nitrogen fertilizer. Do not apply urea (because urea has a high nitrogen content and can cause excessive shoot growth). Ensure that the ratio of fruit fresh weight (kg) to the total amount of compound fertilizer applied throughout the year is greater than 50 (i.e., fruit / compound fertilizer weight ratio > 50). The nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium ratio in the compound fertilizer should be 16:16:16. This ratio is calculated based on the total fresh weight of the fruit at maturity and the cumulative amount of compound fertilizer applied throughout the year. Avoid excessive nitrogen fertilizer leading to excessive tree growth, decreased resistance, and reduced incidence of wilt disease.

[0022] 5. Other agricultural operations In addition to the above measures, other agricultural operations such as pruning, weeding, and irrigation are carried out in accordance with conventional bayberry orchard management methods.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially. Example

[0024] To verify the control effect of this invention, a field trial was conducted in a bayberry orchard. The trial consisted of seven treatment groups. The control group consisted of conventionally planted trees (fertilized three times: after physiological fruit drop and before thinning, primarily with fast-acting nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, 0.25 kg urea and 1-2 kg potassium sulfate per tree; sprayed 2-3 times with potassium dihydrogen phosphate in April and May each year; and post-harvest fertilizer in June and July, primarily with compound fertilizer, 1-2 kg urea, and 0.5 kg urea; weeding once before harvest in May-June and once in October-November) that had not been treated with the target pesticides (specifically referring to the pesticides in the seven treatments; the control for other pests and diseases was consistent across the seven treatments and the control). Each group had three replicates, with three bayberry trees per replicate. The trial lasted one year. The control effect was calculated as follows: ; The specific parameters and experimental results for the seven treatment groups are shown in the table below:

[0025] Experimental results show that the integrated pest management method of this invention (spraying a mixture of bamboo vinegar, thifluzamide, and difenoconazole + planting milkvetch + nitrogen fertilizer control) achieves a control effect of 69.88%-71.18%, significantly better than treatments using single agents or mixtures of two agents. Furthermore, it requires only two applications per week, reducing the number of applications and dosage compared to existing technologies, thus lowering control costs and environmental impact. Simultaneously, planting milkvetch and controlling nitrogen fertilizer increase soil organic matter content, promote beneficial soil bacteria, enhance root growth, control winter shoot emergence, and maintain moderate tree vigor.

[0026] While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that the specific embodiments described are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Equivalent modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling wilt disease in bayberry, characterized in that: The method includes pesticide spraying, as detailed below: The pesticide application is divided into soil spraying and tree spraying. The pesticide for soil spraying is bamboo vinegar stock solution, diluted 5-10 times before application. The pesticide for tree spraying is a mixture of thifluzamide and difenoconazole, in which thifluzamide is diluted 1600-2000 times and difenoconazole is diluted 900-1200 times. The soil spraying time is 3-5 days after fruit harvest for the first spray and when the summer shoots reach 2.5-3.5 cm in length for the second spray. Each spraying should be applied to the soil under the canopy, and no spraying should be applied within 0.5 meters of the main trunk. The first spraying should be done 5-7 days after harvesting. For the same batch of trees, the spraying time should be 2 days or more later than the soil spraying time. The second spraying should be done when the summer shoots reach 4-6 cm in length.

2. The method for preventing and controlling wilt disease in bayberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes green manure planting and nitrogen fertilizer management steps, as detailed below: Sow milkvetch green manure in the orchard in October; Control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied throughout the year. The amount of pure nitrogen fertilizer applied per plant should be less than 0.2 kg. Do not apply urea. The weight ratio of fruit to compound fertilizer should be greater than 50. The nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium ratio in the compound fertilizer should be 16:16:

16.

3. The method for preventing and controlling wilt disease of bayberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bamboo vinegar stock solution is diluted 8 times.

4. The method for preventing and controlling wilt disease in bayberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tree spraying agent contained thifluzamide diluted 1600 times and difenoconazole diluted 1000 times.

5. A method for preventing and controlling wilt disease in bayberry according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sowing method for purple clover green manure is broadcasting throughout the garden, with a sowing rate of 2-2.5 kg / mu.

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