Inertia block type self-energized monitoring device for micro-vibration sensing of power transmission line

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power transmission equipment, and provides an inertia block type self-energized monitoring device for micro-vibration sensing of a power transmission line. The inertia block type self-energized monitoring device for micro-vibration sensing of the power transmission line comprises a vibration sensing module which is used for generating an alternating current friction electric signal related to a displacement process under micro-vibration excitation of the power transmission line; the magnetic field energy taking module is coupled with a power frequency alternating magnetic field around the power transmission line and converts magnetic field energy into periodic electric energy to be output; the power management module is used for carrying out rectification, energy storage and voltage stabilization on the periodic electric energy to form direct-current power supply voltage; the input end of the signal processing and wireless communication module is electrically connected with the vibration sensing module, and the power management module supplies power to the signal processing and wireless communication module. The inertia block type self-energized monitoring device for micro-vibration sensing of the power transmission line has the advantages of self-energizing and maintenance-free, and can realize long-term online monitoring and wireless transmission of micro-vibration parameters of the power transmission line.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of power transmission equipment, and in particular to an inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for sensing micro-vibrations in power transmission lines. Background Technology

[0002] Transmission lines are subject to wind loads during operation, resulting in various wind-induced vibrations. Among these, light winds are the most frequent and longest-lasting, potentially causing fatigue damage to conductors, fittings, and other components. Long-term accumulation of these vibrations can even lead to safety accidents. Therefore, monitoring the vibration status of transmission lines is crucial. Current technologies for monitoring the micro-vibrations of transmission lines primarily employ accelerometers, fiber optic grating sensors, and laser vibration measurement devices.

[0003] The implementation of these existing monitoring schemes usually requires continuous power support from an external power source, along with a complex signal acquisition system. Sensors capture vibration signals of the transmission line, and the signal acquisition system collects, converts, and processes the raw signals to monitor and assess the vibration status of the transmission line.

[0004] However, existing solutions have several significant shortcomings. Reliance on external power supplies makes it difficult to guarantee power stability in remote and complex environments, and increases maintenance costs and frequency. Complex signal acquisition systems not only drive up overall equipment costs but also lead to cumbersome installation procedures, placing high demands on the installation environment and operators. During long-term use, the system is susceptible to interference from external environmental factors, resulting in insufficient long-term stability. Furthermore, some traditional sensors have limited resolution and sensitivity, making it difficult to accurately capture key characteristics of vibration signals under the specific vibration conditions of transmission lines. This hinders accurate and long-term quantitative measurements, failing to meet the practical needs of long-term, low-power, and high-precision online monitoring of transmission lines. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, this application aims to propose an inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for sensing micro-vibrations in transmission lines, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this application is implemented as follows: An inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for sensing micro-vibrations in transmission lines, comprising: The vibration sensing module is used to generate AC triboelectric signals related to the displacement process under the micro-vibration excitation of the transmission line, so as to realize the structured characterization of the vibration process. The magnetic field energy harvesting module couples with the power frequency alternating magnetic field around the transmission line to convert magnetic field energy into periodic electrical energy output. The power management module, with its input terminal electrically connected to the magnetic field energy harvesting module, is used to rectify, store, and regulate the periodic electrical energy to form a DC power supply voltage. The signal processing and wireless communication module has its input terminal electrically connected to the vibration sensing module and is powered by the power management module. It is used to condition the AC triboelectric signal, extract features to obtain vibration state parameters, and wirelessly transmit the vibration state parameters to a remote receiving terminal.

[0007] Furthermore, the vibration sensing module includes a vibration sensing unit housing, a vibration slider, a guide structure, a flexible electrode plate, and a first friction film; The vibration slider is installed inside the housing of the vibration sensing unit through the guide structure, and can reciprocate relative motion with the micro-vibration of the power transmission line. The flexible electrode plate consists of two parallel interdigitated electrodes, which are respectively disposed on the inner surface of the housing of the vibration sensing unit and the outer surface of the vibration slider. The first friction film is disposed on the surface of the vibration slider opposite to the flexible electrode plate, and the first friction film is in contact with the flexible electrode plate. AC triboelectric signals are generated through triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction.

[0008] Furthermore, the magnetic field energy harvesting module includes a magnetic field energy harvesting unit shell, a permanent magnet, a compression spring, a second friction film, and a counter metal electrode; The magnetic field energy harvesting unit housing is isolated from the vibration sensing unit housing. The permanent magnet is fixed inside the magnetic field energy harvesting unit housing by the compression spring. The second friction film is installed on the upper and lower surfaces of the permanent magnet. The opposing metal electrodes are respectively installed on the upper cover II and the lower cover of the magnetic field energy harvesting unit housing. The permanent magnet is forced to vibrate under the action of the power frequency alternating magnetic field of the transmission line, which drives the second friction film to periodically contact and separate from the opposing metal electrode, and outputs periodic electrical energy.

[0009] Furthermore, the power management module includes a rectifier unit, an energy storage unit, a voltage regulator unit, and an undervoltage lockout unit; The rectifier unit converts the AC power output by the magnetic field energy harvesting module into DC power. The energy storage unit stores the DC power. The voltage regulator unit converts the stored power into a DC power supply voltage suitable for electronic devices. The undervoltage lockout unit is used to wake up the signal processing and wireless communication module when the energy storage voltage reaches a preset threshold and maintain a low power consumption state when the energy is insufficient.

[0010] Furthermore, the signal processing and wireless communication module includes a signal conditioning unit, a microcontroller, and a wireless transmission module; The signal conditioning unit performs impedance matching, amplification, filtering and shaping on the AC triboelectric signal to convert it into a pulse signal that meets the requirements of pulse counting and phase discrimination. The microcontroller samples and extracts features from the pulse signal to calculate vibration state parameters such as frequency, amplitude and direction of vibration. The wireless transmission module packages and sends the vibration state parameters to the remote receiving terminal.

[0011] Furthermore, the guide structure is a tension spring, and the vibration slider has semi-circular holes at both ends. The tension spring is connected to the semi-circular holes on the L-shaped side shell of the vibration sensing unit housing to realize the suspension and reset limit of the vibration slider.

[0012] Furthermore, the guiding structure is a linear guide rail assembly, which includes a guide rail and a guide slider. The guide rail is fixed to the inner surface of the L-shaped side shell of the vibration sensing unit housing. The vibration slider is mounted on the guide slider, and a limiting spring is provided between the two to ensure that the vibration slider is in close contact with the flexible electrode plate. The guide rail restricts the movement of the vibration slider in a single direction.

[0013] Furthermore, the width 'a' of the interdigitated electrode is at least 30 μm, the misalignment distance 'b' between the two interdigitated electrodes is a / 2 or other value sufficient to distinguish the phase relationship of the two-phase electrical signals, and the material of the interdigitated electrode is copper or aluminum.

[0014] Furthermore, both the first friction film and the second friction film are polymer materials with triboelectric effect, including Kapton film or PTFE film.

[0015] Furthermore, the signal conditioning unit includes an input protection and limiting unit, a high input impedance front end, a filtering and amplification unit, and a shaping determination unit; The shaping determination unit uses a hysteresis comparator to realize threshold determination and jitter reduction, and the signal conditioning unit reduces interference by shielding the traces, adding protective lines to sensitive nodes, and arranging key components close to the sensor end.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for sensing micro-vibrations in transmission lines proposed in this application has the following advantages: (1) This application uses a magnetic field energy harvesting module to couple with the power frequency alternating magnetic field around the transmission line, converting magnetic field energy into periodic electrical energy. The periodic electrical energy is then rectified, stored, and regulated by the rectifier unit, energy storage unit, and voltage stabilization unit of the power management module to form a DC power supply voltage suitable for electronic devices. With the help of the undervoltage lockout unit, the signal processing and wireless communication module is awakened when the energy storage voltage reaches the preset threshold, and the low power consumption state is maintained when the energy is insufficient. This achieves the effect of stable self-powering without external power supply, ensuring the long-term online operation of the device under various working conditions.

[0017] (2) In this application, the vibration slider in the vibration sensing module is installed in the housing of the vibration sensing unit through the guide structure. It can make stable reciprocating relative motion with the micro vibration of the transmission line. Combined with the flexible electrode plate adopting the design of two parallel interdigitated electrodes, the first friction film and the flexible electrode plate come into contact with each other to generate AC friction signal. Then, the signal conditioning unit of the signal processing and wireless communication module performs signal conditioning, and the microcontroller performs feature extraction. This realizes the accurate capture and structured characterization of small vibration displacement, and improves the accuracy and reliability of vibration state parameter measurement.

[0018] (3) This application avoids mutual interference between different modules by isolating the outer shell of the magnetic field energy harvesting unit and the outer shell of the vibration sensing unit. At the same time, the vibration sensing module provides two guiding structures: tension spring and linear guide rail assembly. All modules work together as an integrated whole. The signal processing and wireless communication module sends the vibration state parameters to the remote receiving terminal through the wireless transmission module. This achieves the effect of compact device structure and adaptability to different installation conditions, and enhances the applicability of engineering deployment and the stability of long-term operation. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of an inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for sensing micro-vibrations in transmission lines, as described in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure (tension spring type) of an inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for sensing micro-vibrations in transmission lines, as described in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration sensing module (tension spring type) described in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibration slider (tension spring type) described in the embodiment of this application. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field energy harvesting module described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure (rail-mounted) of an inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for sensing micro-vibrations in transmission lines, as described in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration sensing module (rail type) described in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration sensing module (rail type) described in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flexible electrode plate described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the power management module described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the signal processing and wireless communication module described in an embodiment of this application. Figure 12 The output signal diagram (two phases) of the vibration sensing module is shown in the test. Figure 13 The impedance power curve of the magnetic field energy harvesting unit is shown.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Vibration sensing module; 101. Vibration sensing unit housing; 102. Vibration slider; 104. Flexible electrode plate; 105. First friction film; 106. Guide rail; 107. Guide slider; 108. Limiting spring; 2. Magnetic field energy harvesting module; 201. Magnetic field energy harvesting unit housing; 202. Permanent magnet; 203. Compression spring; 204. Second friction film; 205. Opposing metal electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the technical solution and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0022] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0023] Furthermore, it should be noted that in the description of this application, if terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," or "outer" appear, indicating orientation or positional relationship, these are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. In addition, if terms such as "first" or "second" appear, they are also used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly defined, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "connector" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application in light of the specific circumstances.

[0025] In this application, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0026] The present application will now be described in detail through exemplary embodiments. However, it should be understood that, without further description, elements, structures, and features in one embodiment may be advantageously incorporated into other embodiments.

[0027] This application provides an inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for sensing micro-vibrations in power transmission lines, which is applied in the technical field of power transmission equipment.

[0028] Existing transmission line vibration monitoring equipment typically requires a continuous external power supply and a complex signal acquisition system. Sensors capture vibration signals from the transmission line, which are then collected, converted, and processed by the acquisition system to monitor and assess the transmission line's vibration status. However, existing solutions have several significant shortcomings. The reliance on an external power supply makes it difficult to guarantee power stability in remote and complex environments, increasing maintenance costs and frequency. The complex signal acquisition system not only drives up overall equipment costs but also leads to cumbersome installation procedures, placing high demands on the installation environment and operators. During long-term use, the system is susceptible to interference from external environmental factors, resulting in insufficient long-term stability. Furthermore, some traditional sensors have limited resolution and sensitivity, making it difficult to accurately capture key characteristics of vibration signals under specific vibration conditions of transmission lines, hindering accurate and long-term quantitative measurements and failing to meet the practical needs of long-term, low-power, and high-precision online monitoring of transmission lines. Therefore, to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this embodiment proposes an inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for sensing micro-vibrations in transmission lines.

[0029] The inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for sensing micro-vibrations of transmission lines provided by this invention is based on the construction of an integrated self-powered monitoring system to achieve long-term online acquisition and wireless transmission of vibration state parameters.

[0030] Reference Figures 1 to 4 The vibration sensing module 1, as the core of the device's signal acquisition, can generate an AC triboelectric signal related to the vibration displacement process under the excitation of micro-vibration of the transmission line. By structurally characterizing this signal, it lays the foundation for the subsequent acquisition of vibration parameters.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 The magnetic field energy harvesting module 2 is coupled with the power frequency alternating magnetic field around the transmission line. With the help of this stable external field source, the magnetic field energy is converted into periodic electrical energy to provide energy input for the operation of the device.

[0032] The input terminal of the power management module is electrically connected to the magnetic field energy harvesting module 2. After receiving the periodic electrical energy output by the module, it sequentially completes rectification, energy storage and voltage regulation to convert the AC power into a DC power supply voltage suitable for the operation of electronic devices, ensuring that the back-end modules obtain a stable power supply.

[0033] The input of the signal processing and wireless communication module is connected to the vibration sensing module 1, which receives the AC triboelectric signal output by the module. After a series of conditioning and feature extraction operations, accurate vibration state parameters are obtained, and these parameters are wirelessly transmitted to a remote receiving terminal to realize the visualization of vibration information.

[0034] The modules work collaboratively, with the magnetic field energy harvesting module 2 continuously providing energy, the power management module ensuring a stable power supply, the vibration sensing module 1 accurately acquiring signals, and the signal processing and wireless communication module completing signal processing and transmission. This architecture fundamentally solves the problems of unstable end-side power supply and insufficient accuracy in acquiring vibration parameters in existing devices. It enables long-term online monitoring without an external power supply, improving the applicability and reliability of the device under complex operating conditions in power transmission lines.

[0035] Reference Figures 1 to 4 The vibration sensing module 1 is composed of a vibration sensing unit housing 101, a vibration slider 102, a guide structure, a flexible electrode plate 104, and a first friction film 105. The components work together to achieve accurate acquisition of vibration signals.

[0036] The vibration slider 102 is installed inside the vibration sensing unit housing 101 via a guide structure. When the transmission line experiences micro-vibration, the vibration slider 102 can reciprocate relative to the vibration. The guide structure provides stable constraints for its movement, ensuring the regularity of the movement trajectory. The flexible electrode plate 104 adopts a two-phase parallel but staggered interdigitated electrode structure, which is fixedly installed on the inner surface of the vibration sensing unit housing 101 and the outer surface of the vibration slider 102, respectively. The first friction film 105 is installed on the opposite surfaces of the flexible electrode plate 104 on the outer surface of the vibration slider 102 and the flexible electrode plate 104 on the inner surface of the vibration sensing unit housing 101, and the first friction film 105 maintains contact with the two flexible electrode plates 104. The flexible electrode plate 104 on the vibration slider 102 can move synchronously with the movement of the vibration slider 102.

[0037] When the vibrating slider 102 is displaced due to the vibration of the transmission line, relative motion occurs between the first friction film 105 and the flexible electrode plate 104. Due to the difference in electronegativity between the two materials, triboelectric charging occurs during the relative motion, accompanied by electrostatic induction, thereby generating a two-phase AC triboelectric signal. This AC triboelectric signal can accurately reflect the displacement and frequency characteristics of the micro-vibration of the transmission line, providing raw data for the subsequent calculation of vibration parameters.

[0038] The design of interdigitated electrodes arranged in parallel phases enables AC triboelectric signals to have a structured feature that allows for counting and direction determination. Compared with traditional sensing structures, it can more accurately capture the details of micro-vibrations, reduce errors caused by signal interference, and significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of vibration signal acquisition, laying a structural foundation for high-precision monitoring.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5The magnetic field energy harvesting module 2 includes a magnetic field energy harvesting unit shell 201, a permanent magnet 202, a compression spring 203, a second friction film 204, and a counter metal electrode 205. Its core function is to convert the magnetic field energy around the transmission line into usable electrical energy.

[0040] The magnetic field energy harvesting unit housing 201 is isolated from the vibration sensing unit housing 101. This isolation design prevents the two modules from interfering with each other during operation, ensuring the stable functioning of each module. The permanent magnet 202 is fixed inside the magnetic field energy harvesting unit housing 201 by a compression spring 203. The compression spring 203 balances the weight of the permanent magnet 202 and buffers the impact of power line vibration, keeping the permanent magnet 202 in a stable installation state. The second friction film 204 is installed on the upper and lower surfaces of the permanent magnet 202. The opposing metal electrodes 205 are fixed on the upper and lower covers of the magnetic field energy harvesting unit housing 201, respectively. Under normal conditions, the second friction film 204 and the opposing metal electrodes 205 do not contact each other.

[0041] When current flows through the transmission line, an alternating magnetic field at power frequency is generated around it. This alternating magnetic field applies a periodic magnetic force to the permanent magnet 202, exciting it to vibrate under forced vibration. The up-and-down vibration of the permanent magnet 202 causes the second friction film 204 on its surface to move synchronously, resulting in periodic contact and separation between the second friction film 204 and the opposing metal electrodes. During the contact and separation process, periodic electrical energy is output using the triboelectric effect, providing a continuous energy input to the power management module.

[0042] This magnetic field energy harvesting method utilizes the power frequency alternating magnetic field generated by the transmission line itself as an energy source, eliminating the need for external energy sources and ensuring stable and continuous energy acquisition. Simultaneously, the isolated structural design and the buffering effect of the compression spring 203 guarantee the long-term stable operation of the magnetic field energy harvesting module 2, providing a reliable energy guarantee for the entire device's self-powered system.

[0043] Reference Figure 10 The power management module is the core control unit for the device's energy supply. It consists of a rectifier unit, an energy storage unit, a voltage regulator unit, and an undervoltage lockout unit. These units work together to achieve efficient processing and rational distribution of electrical energy.

[0044] The rectifier unit receives the AC power output from the magnetic field energy harvesting module 2 and converts it into DC power through a specific circuit design, completing the initial energy conversion and creating conditions for subsequent energy storage and voltage regulation. The energy storage unit stores the rectified DC power to avoid energy waste and buffers voltage fluctuations caused by transient power consumption during wireless transmission, ensuring continuous energy supply. The voltage regulation unit further processes the stored energy, converting it into a DC power supply voltage suitable for signal processing and wireless communication modules, ensuring that these electronic devices operate in a stable voltage environment and preventing voltage fluctuations from affecting their accuracy and lifespan.

[0045] The undervoltage lockout unit plays a role in regulating energy distribution. When the voltage stored in the energy storage unit reaches the preset operating threshold, the undervoltage lockout unit will wake up the signal processing and wireless communication module and enable it to start working. When the energy storage voltage is lower than the preset threshold and the energy is insufficient, the undervoltage lockout unit will control the signal processing and wireless communication module to maintain a low power consumption state and reduce energy consumption.

[0046] Through the orderly collaboration of each unit, the power management module can efficiently process the electrical energy output by the magnetic field energy harvesting module 2, ensuring that the back-end modules receive a stable and suitable power supply, realizing the rational use of energy, avoiding energy waste, and significantly improving the long-term operational stability and reliability of the device under the condition of limited end-side energy budget.

[0047] Reference Figure 11 The signal processing and wireless communication module consists of a signal conditioning unit, a microcontroller, and a wireless transmission module, and is responsible for converting and transmitting the raw signal into visualized vibration parameters.

[0048] The signal conditioning unit receives the AC triboelectric signal output by the vibration sensing module 1. First, it performs impedance matching to ensure that the signal loss is minimized during transmission. Then, it amplifies the signal strength through the amplification unit so that weak vibration signals can be accurately identified. Next, it filters out environmental noise and interference signals. Finally, it transforms the AC triboelectric signal into a pulse signal that meets the requirements of pulse counting and phase discrimination through shaping, which greatly improves the signal quality.

[0049] The microcontroller samples the conditioned pulse signal, extracts key features such as frequency and phase difference, and calculates vibration state parameters such as frequency, amplitude, and direction using a preset algorithm, thus completing the conversion from signal to parameters. The wireless transmission module packages the vibration state parameters calculated by the microcontroller and transmits them to a remote receiving terminal via wireless communication technology, enabling staff to obtain real-time information on the micro-vibrations of the power transmission line.

[0050] This module's design enables precise processing and efficient transmission of vibration signals. The signal conditioning unit improves the reliability of the original signal, the microcontroller ensures the accuracy of parameter calculation, and the wireless transmission module enables remote visualization of information. Working together, these three components allow the device to quickly and accurately output vibration state parameters, meeting the needs of long-term online monitoring of micro-vibrations in transmission lines and providing data support for the safe operation of the power grid.

[0051] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the vibration sensing module 1, the guide structure adopts a tension spring design to ensure the stable movement of the vibration slider 102.

[0052] The left and right ends of the vibration slider 102 are provided with special mounting structures, which are connected to the corresponding structures on the L-shaped side shell of the vibration sensing unit housing 101 through tension springs. This connection method suspends the vibration slider 102 inside the vibration sensing unit housing 101, and the elastic characteristics of the tension spring can provide the vibration slider 102 with a restoring force and a limiting function.

[0053] When the transmission line experiences micro-vibration, the vibration slider 102 follows the vibration under inertia. The tension spring will generate corresponding elastic deformation according to the displacement of the slider. On the one hand, it limits the displacement amplitude of the slider to prevent the slider from being damaged by violent collision with the outer shell due to excessive movement. On the other hand, when the vibration ends or the slider displacement reaches its limit, the restoring force of the tension spring can pull the slider back to its initial position to ensure that the slider can reciprocate with subsequent vibration.

[0054] The design of the tension spring guide structure not only achieves stable suspension of the vibration slider 102, but also ensures the regularity and repeatability of the slider's movement, so that the relative movement between the first friction film 105 and the flexible electrode plate 104 remains stable, thereby ensuring the consistency and reliability of the AC triboelectric signal and providing a stable signal source for the accurate calculation of vibration parameters.

[0055] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The guiding structure of the vibration sensing module 1 can be a linear guide rail assembly, which consists of a guide rail 106 and a guide slider 107, providing precise constraints for the movement of the vibration slider 102.

[0056] The guide rail 106 is fixedly installed on the inner surface of the L-shaped side shell of the vibration sensing unit housing 101. The guide slider 107 is installed in conjunction with the guide rail 106 and can move linearly along the guide rail 106. The vibration slider 102 is installed on the guide slider 107, and a limiting spring 108 is provided between the two. The limiting spring 108 continuously applies elastic force to ensure that the vibration slider 102 and the flexible electrode plate 104 always remain in close contact, avoiding the two from losing contact due to displacement deviation during vibration.

[0057] The structural design of the linear guide assembly strictly limits the movement direction of the vibration slider 102, allowing it to move only in a single direction. This effectively avoids vibration interference from other directions and ensures that the slider's movement trajectory is consistent with the micro-vibration direction of the transmission line. The limiting spring 108 solves the problem of unstable contact between the slider and the flexible electrode plate 104 during vibration, ensuring the continuous and stable occurrence of the triboelectric charging process.

[0058] This guiding structure design enhances the adaptability of the vibration sensing module 1 to vibrations in specific directions, ensures stable output of AC triboelectric signals, further improves the accuracy and reliability of vibration signal acquisition, and enables the device to better adapt to different installation conditions and vibration direction constraint requirements.

[0059] Reference Figure 9 The flexible electrode plate 104 uses interdigitated electrodes, and the material selection and structural design fully consider the accuracy requirements of micro-vibration monitoring. The width 'a' of the interdigitated electrodes is at least 30 μm, and the misalignment distance 'b' between the two interdigitated electrodes is 'a / 2' or other values ​​sufficient to distinguish the phase relationship of the two-phase electrical signals. The materials of the interdigitated electrodes are copper or aluminum.

[0060] The interdigitated electrodes are made of materials with good conductivity to ensure smooth signal transmission, reduce signal loss during electrode transmission, and provide clear raw signals for subsequent signal processing. The width design of the interdigitated electrodes can meet the monitoring requirements of minute displacements. The staggered distance between the two phase interdigitated electrodes is reasonably set so that the two phase signals can form a stable phase difference, which facilitates the subsequent determination of vibration direction and calculation of vibration parameters through phase relationship.

[0061] The appropriate material selection ensures the conductivity stability and durability of the interdigitated electrodes, while the specific width and misalignment design enhances the electrodes' ability to resolve minute displacements. When the vibration slider 102 causes relative displacement between the first friction film 105 and the interdigitated electrodes, it generates two-phase signals with distinct characteristics. By counting the pulses and determining the phase of these signals, the micro-vibration information of the transmission line can be accurately captured, significantly improving the accuracy of amplitude and frequency measurements and meeting the monitoring requirements under micro-vibration conditions.

[0062] Reference Figure 9 Both the first friction film 105 and the second friction film 204 are made of polymeric materials with triboelectric effects, including Kapton film or PTFE film. The properties of these materials are compatible with the energy conversion and signal acquisition functions of the device.

[0063] In vibration sensing module 1, when the first friction film 105 rubs against the flexible electrode plate 104, the selected polymer material has a good triboelectric effect, which can stably generate an AC triboelectric signal. This signal can accurately reflect the displacement and frequency characteristics of the vibration, providing a reliable signal source for obtaining vibration parameters. In magnetic field energy harvesting module 2, when the second friction film 204 periodically contacts and separates from the opposing metal electrode 205, it also relies on the triboelectric effect of the polymer material to stably output periodic electrical energy, providing energy support for the operation of the device.

[0064] The selected polymer material not only exhibits significant triboelectric effect but also possesses excellent wear resistance and stability, maintaining stable performance under long-term friction and vibration environments and resisting functional degradation due to wear or environmental factors. This material selection ensures that the first friction film 105 and the second friction film 204 can function continuously and stably, guaranteeing the energy conversion efficiency and signal generation stability of the device and extending its service life.

[0065] Reference Figure 11 The signal conditioning unit consists of an input protection and limiting unit, a high input impedance front end, a filtering and amplification unit, and a shaping and determination unit. It also adopts a variety of anti-interference measures to ensure the effectiveness of signal conditioning.

[0066] The input protection and limiting unit prevents excessive instantaneous signals from damaging subsequent circuits, providing safety protection for the signal conditioning unit; the high input impedance front end reduces the load impact during signal acquisition, ensuring that the original signal can be transmitted intact; the filtering and amplification unit effectively filters out environmental noise and irrelevant interference signals, while amplifying weak useful signals and improving the signal-to-noise ratio; the shaping and determination unit uses a hysteresis comparator, which can accurately determine the threshold and de-jitter, converting irregular signals into regular pulse signals, ensuring signal stability and consistency.

[0067] To reduce the impact of external interference on signal conditioning, the signal conditioning unit uses shielded wiring to avoid interference from external electromagnetic fields; protective lines are added to sensitive nodes to enhance their anti-interference capabilities; and key components are placed close to the sensor end to shorten the signal transmission path and reduce interference and loss during signal transmission.

[0068] The collaborative work of each unit and the comprehensive application of anti-interference measures enable the signal conditioning unit to efficiently process the raw AC triboelectric signal output by the vibration sensing module 1, remove noise, improve signal quality, and standardize signal morphology, providing high-quality pulse signals for the microcontroller to perform sampling and feature extraction. This significantly improves the device's anti-interference capability and long-term operational reliability, ensuring the accuracy of vibration parameter calculation.

[0069] To further illustrate the beneficial effects and value of this application in practical application, refer to Figure 12 and Figure 13 .in, Figure 12 The output signal diagram (two phases) of vibration sensing module 1 after testing. Figure 12 The distribution of curves in the data effectively proves that the vibration sensing module 1 in this application can effectively output AC signals related to line vibration, and the two phase signals are clearly different, which is beneficial for analyzing the vibration direction of the transmission line. Figure 13 The impedance-power curve of the magnetic field power harvesting module 2 shows that the maximum power of the magnetic field power harvesting module 2 in this application is 1.3 milliwatts in a 500A transmission line environment, which can generate enough power to supply the normal operation of this application. Compared with the relevant technical solutions in the prior art that rely on external power supply, it has obvious advantages in power supply stability and maintenance economy.

[0070] The above descriptions are merely some embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. The technical features or structures in the foregoing different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined to form other specific technical solutions as needed. For those skilled in the art, this application can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. An inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for sensing micro-vibrations in transmission lines, characterized in that, include: The vibration sensing module (1) is used to generate AC triboelectric signals related to the displacement process under the micro-vibration excitation of the transmission line, so as to realize the structured characterization of the vibration process. The magnetic field energy harvesting module (2) is coupled with the power frequency alternating magnetic field around the transmission line to convert magnetic field energy into periodic electrical energy output; The power management module has its input terminal electrically connected to the magnetic field energy harvesting module (2) and is used to rectify, store and stabilize the periodic electrical energy to form a DC power supply voltage. The signal processing and wireless communication module has its input end electrically connected to the vibration sensing module (1) and is powered by the power management module. It is used to condition the AC triboelectric signal, extract its features to obtain vibration state parameters, and wirelessly send the vibration state parameters to the remote receiving terminal.

2. The inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for sensing micro-vibrations in transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration sensing module (1) includes a vibration sensing unit housing (101), a vibration slider (102), a guide structure, a flexible electrode plate (104), and a first friction film (105). The vibration slider (102) is installed inside the housing (101) of the vibration sensing unit through the guide structure, and can reciprocate relative to the transmission line with the micro-vibration; The flexible electrode plate (104) consists of two parallel interdigitated electrodes, which are respectively disposed on the inner surface of the vibration sensing unit housing (101) and the outer surface of the vibration slider (102). The first friction film (105) is disposed on the surface of the vibration slider (102) opposite to the flexible electrode plate (104), and the first friction film (105) is in contact with the flexible electrode plate (104). AC triboelectric signals are generated through triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction.

3. The inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for micro-vibration sensing of transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic field energy harvesting module (2) includes a magnetic field energy harvesting unit shell (201), a permanent magnet (202), a compression spring (203), a second friction film (204), and a counter metal electrode (205). The magnetic field energy harvesting unit housing (201) is isolated from the vibration sensing unit housing (101). The permanent magnet (202) is fixed inside the magnetic field energy harvesting unit housing (201) by the compression spring (203). The second friction film (204) is installed on the upper and lower surfaces of the permanent magnet (202). The opposing metal electrodes (205) are respectively installed on the upper cover II and the lower cover of the magnetic field energy harvesting unit housing (201). The permanent magnet (202) generates forced vibration under the action of the power frequency alternating magnetic field of the transmission line, driving the second friction film (204) to periodically contact and separate from the opposing metal electrode (205), and outputting periodic electrical energy.

4. The inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for sensing micro-vibrations in transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power management module includes a rectifier unit, an energy storage unit, a voltage regulator unit, and an undervoltage lockout unit; The rectifier unit converts the AC power output by the magnetic field energy harvesting module (2) into DC power. The energy storage unit stores the DC power. The voltage regulator unit converts the stored power into a DC power supply voltage suitable for electronic devices. The undervoltage lockout unit is used to wake up the signal processing and wireless communication module when the energy storage voltage reaches a preset threshold and maintains a low power consumption state when the energy is insufficient.

5. The inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for micro-vibration sensing of transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal processing and wireless communication module includes a signal conditioning unit, a microcontroller, and a wireless transmission module. The signal conditioning unit performs impedance matching, amplification, filtering and shaping on the AC triboelectric signal to convert it into a pulse signal that meets the requirements of pulse counting and phase discrimination. The microcontroller samples and extracts features from the pulse signal to calculate vibration state parameters such as frequency, amplitude and direction of vibration. The wireless transmission module packages and sends the vibration state parameters to the remote receiving terminal.

6. The inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for micro-vibration sensing of transmission lines according to claim 2, characterized in that, The guide structure is a tension spring. The vibration slider (102) has semi-circular holes at both ends. The tension spring is connected to the semi-circular holes on the L-shaped side shell of the vibration sensing unit shell (101) to realize the suspension and reset limit of the vibration slider (102).

7. An inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for sensing micro-vibrations in transmission lines according to claim 2, characterized in that, The guiding structure is a linear guide rail assembly, which includes a guide rail (106) and a guide slider (107). The guide rail (106) is fixed to the inner surface of the L-shaped side shell of the vibration sensing unit shell (101). The vibration slider (102) is mounted on the guide slider (107), and a limiting spring (108) is provided between the two to ensure that the vibration slider (102) is in close contact with the flexible electrode plate (104). The guide rail (106) restricts the vibration slider (102) from moving in a single direction.

8. The inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for micro-vibration sensing of transmission lines according to claim 2, characterized in that, The width 'a' of the interdigitated electrode is at least 30 μm, the misalignment distance 'b' between the two interdigitated electrodes is a / 2 or other value sufficient to distinguish the phase relationship of the two-phase electrical signals, and the material of the interdigitated electrode is copper or aluminum.

9. An inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for sensing micro-vibrations in transmission lines according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, Both the first friction film (105) and the second friction film (204) are polymer materials with triboelectric effect, including Kapton film or PTFE film.

10. An inertial block-type self-powered monitoring device for sensing micro-vibrations in transmission lines according to claim 5, characterized in that, The signal conditioning unit includes an input protection and limiting unit, a high input impedance front end, a filtering and amplification unit, and a shaping and determination unit. The shaping determination unit uses a hysteresis comparator to realize threshold determination and jitter reduction, and the signal conditioning unit reduces interference by shielding the traces, adding protective lines to sensitive nodes, and arranging key components close to the sensor end.

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