Exosome extraction device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of exosome extraction equipment, and discloses an exosome extraction device which comprises a fixing base, a filtering assembly, an extraction assembly and a heating assembly, and the heating assembly comprises a heating base, a spring, a resistance sliding block and a resistance base body; the extraction assembly comprises an extraction cylinder and a collection box, and a sand core and gel filler are arranged on the inner side of the extraction cylinder; the filter assembly comprises a connecting seat, a filter cartridge, a vibration unit and a back flushing unit, the filter cartridge is connected with a filter screen and a filter membrane, the vibration unit comprises a first motor, a first cam and a first sliding block, and the back flushing unit comprises a second motor, a liquid drawing cartridge, a second cam, a second sliding block, a piston rod group, a liquid inlet pipe, a liquid outlet pipe, a liquid guide pipe and a flushing nozzle. The biological body fluid is filtered through the filtering assembly, the exosome is extracted through the extraction assembly, the heating assembly is used for heating the extraction assembly, the exosome extraction efficiency is high, and the activity of the extracted exosome is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of exosome extraction equipment technology, specifically to an exosome extraction device. Background Technology

[0002] Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles actively secreted by cells, carrying biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids from their source cells. They play a crucial role in intercellular communication, disease development, and immune regulation. In recent years, exosomes have gradually become a research hotspot and important tool in fields such as liquid biopsy, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. Therefore, efficient and highly active isolation and extraction of exosomes is a key prerequisite for ensuring the reliability of subsequent applications and research.

[0003] Existing methods for exosome extraction include ultracentrifugation, polymer precipitation, size exclusion chromatography, and membrane-based filtration. Among these, membrane-based filtration has attracted widespread attention due to its relatively simple, rapid, and low-cost operation. However, the membranes of existing filtration-based extraction devices are prone to clogging. Specifically, due to the complex composition of biological fluids (such as serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants), in addition to the target exosomes, they also contain a large number of large-particle impurities such as protein aggregates, lipoproteins, and cell debris. During filtration, these impurities easily and rapidly clog the membrane pores, leading to a sharp increase in filtration resistance and a significant decrease in flow rate. This not only prolongs the extraction time but may also cause membrane rupture due to excessive transmembrane pressure or structural damage to the exosomes due to compression.

[0004] Furthermore, exosomes are biologically active vesicles, and the integrity of their surface protein structure and internal biomolecules is highly sensitive to temperature. If the sample volume is large and the temperature control is insufficient, the heating may be too slow, affecting the separation efficiency. Conversely, if the sample volume is small and the heating power is constant, the exosome protein may denature or lose its activity due to excessively high temperatures. However, most existing extraction devices lack sophisticated temperature control systems or only provide a simple constant temperature environment. This fixed temperature control mode makes it difficult to achieve a balance between optimizing separation efficiency and maximizing the protection of exosome activity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to provide an exosome extraction device that utilizes a filtration assembly to filter biological fluids, an extraction assembly to extract exosomes, and a heating assembly to heat the extraction assembly. The filtration assembly is equipped with a vibration unit and a backwashing unit to effectively prevent filter membrane pore clogging. The heating power of the heating assembly is directly proportional to the sample volume (mass / weight) of the extracted exosomes, ensuring extraction efficiency and the activity of the extracted exosomes. This invention solves the problems in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] An exosome extraction device includes a fixed base, a filtering assembly, an extraction assembly, and a heating assembly. The heating assembly includes a heating seat connected to the fixed base, a spring and a resistive slider connected to the heating seat, the end of the spring away from the heating seat connected to the fixed base, a resistive substrate connected to the fixed base, and the resistive slider slidably connected to the resistive substrate. The heating power of the heating assembly is related to the position of the resistive slider relative to the resistive substrate. The extraction assembly includes an extraction cylinder connected to the heating base, a collection box connected to the lower side of the extraction cylinder, and openings at both the top and bottom ends of the extraction cylinder. The extraction cylinder has sand cores connected to both its upper and lower ends, and gel filler is filled between the sand cores on both sides. The filtration assembly includes a connecting seat connected to the extraction cylinder, and the connecting seat is connected to a filter cylinder, a vibration unit, and a backwashing unit. The filter cylinder is slidably disposed on the connecting seat, and a filter screen is connected to the inner side of the filter cylinder, with a filter membrane connected to the filter screen. The vibration unit includes a first motor, and the output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected to a first cam. The rim of the first cam slidably abuts against a first slider, and the end of the first slider away from the first cam is connected to the filter cylinder. The backwashing unit... The washing unit includes a second motor and a liquid-collecting cylinder. The output shaft of the second motor is fixedly connected to a second cam. The rim of the second cam slidably abuts against a second slider. The liquid-collecting cylinder is fixedly connected to the filter cylinder and is connected to a piston rod assembly that controls its liquid collection and discharge. The end of the second slider away from the second cam is fixedly connected to the operating rod of the piston rod assembly. The inlet and outlet ends of the liquid-collecting cylinder are connected to an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe via a three-way connector. The inlet end of the inlet pipe is connected to a container holding the rinsing liquid, and the outlet end of the outlet pipe is connected to a guide pipe, which is connected to several rinsing nozzles. The rinsing nozzle is located on the lower side of the filter screen, and the upper end of the filter cylinder is open. The vibration unit and the reverse rinsing unit are linked together. When the first slider of the vibration unit drives the filter cylinder to move downward relative to the connecting seat, the second slider of the reverse rinsing unit pulls the piston rod assembly downward, and the liquid-collecting cylinder draws rinsing liquid through the liquid inlet pipe. When the first slider of the vibration unit drives the filter cylinder to move upward relative to the connecting seat, the second slider of the reverse rinsing unit pushes the piston rod assembly upward, and the liquid-collecting cylinder discharges rinsing liquid through the liquid outlet pipe. The rinsing liquid flows out through the liquid guide pipe and several rinsing nozzles to impact the lower end face of the filter screen.

[0008] Furthermore, the gel filler is one or more porous materials selected from dextran, agarose, or polyacrylamide.

[0009] Furthermore, the pore size of the gel filler is 35nm-70nm.

[0010] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the filter cartridge is not greater than the inner diameter of the extraction cartridge, and the inner diameter of the extraction cartridge is not greater than the inner diameter of the collection box.

[0011] Furthermore, the filter screen has a pore diameter much larger than that of the filter membrane, and the filter screen has an upwardly arched arc shape.

[0012] Furthermore, the liquid guide tube is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the filter cylinder, and the liquid guide tube is in the shape of a ring, with several of the flushing nozzles evenly distributed around the circumference of the liquid guide tube.

[0013] Furthermore, heating elements are evenly arranged around the heating base, and the extraction cylinder is located inside the space enclosed by the four heating elements.

[0014] Furthermore, both the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are connected to a liquid check valve. The liquid check valve connected to the inlet pipe controls the flushing liquid to move unidirectionally from the container holding the flushing liquid to the side of the suction cylinder, and the liquid check valve connected to the outlet pipe controls the flushing liquid to move unidirectionally from the suction cylinder to the side of the guide pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the resistor substrate, the rim of the first cam, and the rim of the second cam are all provided with annular grooves with a "convex" cross-section. The resistor slider, the first slider, and the second slider are respectively provided with sliding abutment portions that cooperate with the annular grooves, and the sliding abutment portions are slidably disposed on the inner side of the annular grooves.

[0016] Furthermore, the upper opening of the filter cylinder is connected to a cover, and the extraction cylinder and the heating base, the connecting base and the extraction cylinder, and the cover and the filter cylinder are all detachably connected by an interference fit.

[0017] The principles and beneficial effects of the technical solution are as follows:

[0018] 1. The present invention provides an exosome extraction device, which includes a fixed base, a filter assembly, an extraction assembly, and a heating assembly. The filter assembly filters biological fluid to remove large-particle impurities. The biological fluid filtered by the filter assembly flows into the extraction assembly to extract exosomes. The heating assembly heats the extraction assembly for extracting exosomes.

[0019] The filter assembly includes a connecting seat for a filter cylinder, a vibration unit, and a backwashing unit. The filter cylinder has a filter screen inside, and a filter membrane is connected to the upper side of the screen. The biological fluid from which exosomes are to be extracted enters the filter cylinder through the upper opening and flows through the filter membrane to filter large-particle impurities. The output shaft of the first motor of the vibration unit is fixedly connected to a first cam. The filter cylinder is connected to the first cam via a first slider. When the first motor drives the first cam to rotate, the filter cylinder moves up and down under the action of the first slider, achieving vibration-based anti-clogging. The output shaft of the second motor of the backwashing unit is fixedly connected to a second cam. The filter cylinder is fixedly connected to a liquid-collecting cylinder, which is connected to a piston rod assembly that controls its liquid collection and discharge. The piston rod assembly is connected to the second cam via a second slider. The liquid-collecting cylinder is also connected to an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe via a three-way pipe. The outlet pipe connects to... There is a liquid guide tube, which is connected to a rinsing nozzle located on the lower side of the filter screen. When the second motor drives the second cam to rotate, the piston rod assembly moves up and down under the action of the second slider, so that the liquid suction cylinder periodically draws in and discharges the rinsing liquid. The cleaning liquid discharged from the liquid suction cylinder flows out through the liquid outlet pipe, the liquid guide tube, and the rinsing nozzle to rinse the lower end face of the filter screen, realizing reverse rinsing to prevent clogging. The vibration unit and the reverse rinsing unit are linked together. When the first slider of the vibration unit drives the filter cylinder to move downward relative to the connecting seat, the second slider of the reverse rinsing unit pulls the piston rod assembly downward, and the liquid suction cylinder draws in the rinsing liquid through the liquid inlet pipe. When the first slider of the vibration unit drives the filter cylinder to move upward relative to the connecting seat, the second slider of the reverse rinsing unit pushes the piston rod assembly upward, and the liquid suction cylinder discharges the rinsing liquid through the liquid outlet pipe. The rinsing liquid flows out through the liquid guide tube and several rinsing nozzles to impact the lower end face of the filter screen. When the filter cartridge moves downwards, the backwashing component is in a liquid-drawing cycle and does not wash the filter screen. This is because the biological fluid inside the filter cartridge moves with it under the influence of gravity, and all the biological fluid accumulates on the upper part of the filter screen, resulting in poor washing effect. However, when the filter cartridge moves upwards, the backwashing component is in a liquid-draining cycle, washing from the bottom to the top of the filter screen. At this time, the biological fluid inside the filter cartridge detaches from the surface of the filter screen under the influence of inertia, and the filter screen is washed from bottom to top, resulting in a better washing effect.

[0020] The biological fluid, after being filtered by the filter assembly, flows into the inner side of the extraction chamber of the extraction assembly. The inner side of the extraction chamber contains a sand core and gel material. The biological fluid flows through a gel size exclusion chromatography column, while a buffer solution is added to the inner side to wash the gel column. The eluent flowing into the collection box is the exosome enrichment solution. During the exosome extraction process, a heating assembly heats the extract to improve extraction efficiency and ensure the activity of the extracted exosomes. Specifically, the heating element's heating seat is connected to a fixed seat via a spring. The fixed seat is connected to a resistive substrate, and the heating seat is connected to a resistive slider that is slidably connected to the resistive substrate. When the sample volume (mass / weight) in the extraction tube changes, the pressure on the spring changes, causing it to deform differently. This, in turn, changes the connection position of the resistive slider relative to the resistive substrate, thereby changing the heating power of the heating element (its core principle is equivalent to a sliding rheostat, which changes its output power by changing the resistance of the connecting circuit). The larger the sample volume (mass / weight), the greater the deformation of the spring, and the greater the heating power of the heating element, ensuring extraction efficiency. Conversely, when the sample volume (mass / weight) decreases, the deformation of the spring also decreases, and the heating power of the heating element decreases accordingly, thus avoiding excessively high temperatures from affecting the activity of exosomes.

[0021] 2. The exosome extraction device provided by this invention uses one or more porous materials selected from dextran, agarose, or polyacrylamide as the gel filler, with a pore size of 35nm-70nm. The separation and extraction process is simple and can preserve the exosome vesicle structure and integrity to the greatest extent, resulting in high purity of the extracted exosomes. The filter screen has a pore diameter much larger than that of the filter membrane to reduce the impact of the filter screen on the filtration efficiency. The filter screen has an upwardly arched arc shape to further improve the effect and efficiency of vibration and directional flushing to prevent clogging. The liquid guide tube is ring-shaped, with several flushing nozzles evenly distributed around the circumference of the liquid guide tube to ensure the flushing effect on the filter screen. Both the inlet and outlet pipes are connected to liquid check valves to control the flow direction of the flushing liquid and ensure the functionality of the backwashing component.

[0022] 3. The exosome extraction device provided by the present invention has heating elements evenly arranged around the heating base, and the extraction cylinder is located inside the space enclosed by the four heating elements, which ensures the uniformity of heating of the extraction cylinder by the heating components, thereby ensuring the balanced extraction of exosomes; the resistor base, the rim of the first cam and the rim of the second cam are all provided with annular grooves, and the resistor slider, the first slider and the second slider are respectively provided with sliding abutment parts, which are slidably located inside the annular grooves, guiding and limiting the relative movement between the two (resistor slider relative to resistor base, first slider relative to first cam, second slider relative to second cam), thereby ensuring that the relative movement between the two (resistor slider relative to resistor base, first slider relative to first cam, second slider relative to second cam) is uniform and stable, thus ensuring the functionality of the entire device.

[0023] 4. The exosome extraction device provided by the present invention has an inner diameter of the filter cylinder that is not larger than the inner diameter of the extraction cylinder, and an inner diameter of the extraction cylinder that is not larger than the inner diameter of the collection box, so as to facilitate the collection of the filtered and eluents; the upper opening of the filter cylinder is connected to a cover; the extraction cylinder and the heating base, the connecting base and the extraction cylinder, and the cover and the filter cylinder are all detachably connected by an interference fit, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly, and also convenient for subsequent cleaning, disinfection and other work, which is beneficial to its widespread use. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exosome extraction device according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a side view of an exosome extraction device according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view of AA;

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of point C in the middle;

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of point D;

[0030] Figure 7 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of EE.

[0031] The names of the corresponding labels in the attached diagram are:

[0032] 1. Fixed base, 2. Heating base, 3. Extraction cylinder, 4. Connecting base, 5. Filter cylinder, 6. Cover, 7. Spring, 8. Resistor base, 9. Resistor slider, 10. Heating element, 11. Sand core, 12. Filter screen, 13. Filter membrane, 14. First motor, 15. First cam, 16. Second motor, 17. Second cam, 18. Second slider, 19. Liquid suction cylinder, 20. Piston rod assembly, 21. Liquid inlet pipe, 22. Liquid outlet pipe, 23. Liquid guide pipe, 24. Rinsing nozzle, 25. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0034] like Figures 1 to 7As shown, an exosome extraction device includes a fixed base 1, a filtering assembly, an extraction assembly, and a heating assembly. The heating assembly includes a heating seat 2 connected to the fixed base 1, a spring 7 and a resistive slider 9 connected to the heating seat 2. The end of the spring 7 away from the heating seat 2 is connected to the fixed base 1. A resistive substrate 8 is connected to the fixed base 1. The resistive slider 9 is slidably connected to the resistive substrate 8, and the heating power of the heating assembly is related to the position of the resistive slider 9 relative to the resistive substrate 8. The extraction assembly includes an extraction cylinder 3 connected to the heating base 2. A collection box is connected to the lower side of the extraction cylinder 3. Both the upper and lower ends of the extraction cylinder 3 are open, and both the upper and lower ends of the extraction cylinder 3 are connected to... The extraction cylinder 3 is equipped with a sand core 11, and gel filler is filled between the upper and lower sand cores 11. The filtration assembly includes a connecting seat 4 connected to the extraction cylinder 3, a filter cylinder 5, a vibration unit, and a backwashing unit connected to the connecting seat 4. The filter cylinder 5 is slidably inserted through the connecting seat 4, and a filter screen 12 is connected to the inner side of the filter cylinder 5. A filter membrane 13 is connected to the filter screen 12. The vibration unit includes a first motor 14, and a first cam 15 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor 14. The rim of the first cam 15 slides against a first slider 16, and the upper end of the first slider 16 is connected to the filter cylinder 5. The backwashing unit includes a second motor 17 and a liquid collection cylinder 2. 0. The output shaft of the second motor 17 is fixedly connected to the second cam 18. The rim of the second cam 18 slides against the second slider 19. The liquid-collecting cylinder 20 is fixedly connected to the filter cylinder 5. The liquid-collecting cylinder 20 is connected to a piston rod assembly 21 that controls its liquid collection and discharge. The upper end of the second slider 19 is fixedly connected to the operating rod of the piston rod assembly 21. The inlet and outlet ends of the liquid-collecting cylinder 20 are connected to an inlet pipe 22 and an outlet pipe 23 through a three-way pipe. The inlet end of the inlet pipe 22 is connected to a container holding the rinsing liquid. The outlet end of the outlet pipe 23 is connected to a guide pipe 24. The guide pipe 24 is connected to several rinsing nozzles 25. The rinsing nozzles 25 are located on the filter screen 1. The filter cylinder 5 is open at the top of the lower side of the filter 2. The vibration unit and the backwashing unit are linked together. When the first slider 16 of the vibration unit drives the filter cylinder 5 to move downward relative to the connecting seat 4, the second slider 19 of the backwashing unit pulls the piston rod assembly 21 downward. The liquid-collecting cylinder 20 draws the washing liquid through the liquid inlet pipe 22. When the first slider 16 of the vibration unit drives the filter cylinder 5 to move upward relative to the connecting seat 4, the second slider 19 of the backwashing unit pushes the piston rod assembly 21 upward. The liquid-collecting cylinder 20 discharges the washing liquid through the liquid outlet pipe 23, and the washing liquid flows out through the liquid guide pipe 24 and several washing nozzles 25 to impact the lower end face of the filter screen 12.

[0035] In this embodiment, the gel filler is a porous material such as dextran, agarose or polyacrylamide, and the pore size of the gel filler is 35 nm - 70 nm; the filter screen 12 is in an upwardly arched arc shape, the filter membrane 13 is detachably placed on the upper surface of the filter screen 12, and the pore diameter of the filter screen 12 is much larger than that of the filter membrane 13 (the filter screen 12 is made of stainless steel material, and the pore diameter of the filter screen is 1 - 2 mm; the filter membrane 13 is a hydrophilic PVDF membrane, and the pore diameter of the filter membrane is 0.15 - 0.35 μm).

[0036] In this embodiment, further, both the liquid inlet pipe 22 and the liquid outlet pipe 23 are connected with liquid one-way valves, and the liquid one-way valve connected to the liquid inlet pipe 22 controls the one-way movement of the flushing liquid from the container containing the flushing liquid to the side of the liquid suction cylinder 20, and the liquid one-way valve connected to the liquid outlet pipe 23 controls the one-way movement of the flushing liquid from the liquid suction cylinder 20 to the side of the liquid guide pipe 24; the liquid guide pipe 24 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the filter cylinder 5, and the liquid guide pipe 24 is in a ring shape, and a plurality of flushing nozzles 25 are evenly distributed around the liquid guide pipe 24; the inner diameter of the filter cylinder 5 is smaller than the inner diameter of the extraction cylinder 3, and the inner diameter of the extraction cylinder 3 is smaller than the inner diameter of the collection box; heating elements 10 are evenly arranged around the heating base 2, and the extraction cylinder 3 is arranged inside the space enclosed by the four heating elements 10.

[0037] In addition, in this embodiment, annular grooves with a cross-section in the shape of a "convex" character are provided on the resistor substrate 8, the rim of the first cam 15 and the rim of the second cam 18, and the resistor slider 9, the first slider 16 and the second slider 19 are respectively provided with sliding abutting parts that cooperate with the annular grooves, and the sliding abutting parts are slidably arranged inside the annular grooves. The upper end opening of the filter cylinder 5 is connected with a cover body 6, and an interference socket connection method is adopted for detachable connection between the extraction cylinder 3 and the heating base 2, between the connecting seat 4 and the extraction cylinder 3, and between the cover body 6 and the filter cylinder 5.

[0038] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0039] When using this extraction device, open the cover body 6 connected to the upper end opening of the filter cylinder 5, evenly lay the filter membrane 13 on the upper side of the filter screen 12, and connect the liquid inlet end of the liquid inlet pipe 22 to the container containing the flushing liquid; then pour the biological fluid from which exosomes are to be extracted into the filter cylinder 5 from the upper end opening of the filter cylinder 5, and add buffer solution according to actual needs, start the first motor 14, start the second motor 17, and start the heating base 2, and then the exosomes in the biological fluid can be extracted.

[0040] When the first motor 14 is running, it drives the first cam 15 to rotate, and the filter cylinder 5 moves up and down under the action of the first slider 16 to achieve vibration anti-clogging. When the second motor 17 is running, it drives the second cam 18 to rotate, and the piston rod assembly 21 moves up and down under the action of the second slider 19, so that the liquid suction cylinder 20 periodically draws in and discharges the rinsing liquid. The cleaning liquid discharged from the liquid suction cylinder 20 flows out through the liquid outlet pipe 23, the liquid guide pipe 24 and the rinsing nozzle 25 to rinse the lower end face of the filter screen 12, achieving reverse rinsing anti-clogging. The vibration unit and reverse rinsing... The units are interconnected. When the first motor 14 runs and causes the filter cartridge 5 to move downward relative to the connecting seat 4, the second motor 17 drives the second slider 19 to pull the piston rod assembly 21 downward. The liquid-collecting cylinder 20 draws the rinsing liquid through the liquid inlet pipe 22. When the first motor 14 runs and causes the filter cartridge 5 to move upward relative to the connecting seat 4, the second motor 17 drives the second slider 19 to push the piston rod assembly 21 upward. The liquid-collecting cylinder 20 discharges the rinsing liquid through the liquid outlet pipe 23, and the rinsing liquid flows out through the liquid guide pipe 24 and several rinsing nozzles 25 to impact the lower end face of the filter screen 12.

[0041] The biological fluid, after being filtered by the filter assembly, flows into the inner side of the extraction cylinder 3 of the extraction assembly. The inner side of the extraction cylinder 3 is equipped with a sand core 11 and a gel material. The biological fluid flows through a gel size exclusion chromatography column, and the gel column is washed by adding buffer solution to its inner side. The eluent obtained flowing into the collection box is the exosome enrichment solution. The heating assembly heats the extraction cylinder 3 for extracting exosomes. When the sample volume (mass / weight) in the extraction cylinder 3 is larger, the deformation of the spring 7 is larger, and the heating power of the heating assembly is greater to ensure extraction efficiency. Conversely, when the sample volume (mass / weight) decreases, the deformation of the spring 7 also decreases, and the heating power of the heating assembly decreases accordingly, thereby avoiding excessively high temperatures from affecting the activity of exosomes.

[0042] The gel filler inside the extraction cylinder 3 is a porous material selected from dextran, agarose, or polyacrylamide, which can preserve the exosome vesicle structure and integrity to the greatest extent, resulting in high purity of the extracted exosomes. The filter screen 12 has a pore diameter much larger than that of the filter membrane 13 to reduce the impact of the filter screen 12 on the filtration efficiency. The filter screen 12 has an upwardly arched shape to improve the effect and efficiency of vibration and directional flushing to prevent clogging. The liquid guide tube 24 is ring-shaped, and several flushing nozzles 25 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the liquid guide tube 24, providing good flushing effect on the filter screen 12. Both the inlet pipe 22 and the outlet pipe 23 are connected to liquid one-way valves, which control the flow direction of the flushing liquid to ensure the functionality of the reverse flushing component. The extraction cylinder 3 is located inside the space enclosed by the four heating elements 10, which ensures uniform heating of the extraction cylinder 3 by the heating components, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the extracted exosomes.

[0043] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge regarding specific technical solutions or characteristics is not elaborated upon here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. An exosome extraction device, comprising a fixing base, characterized in that, It also includes a filtration assembly, an extraction assembly, and a heating assembly. The heating assembly includes a heating base connected to a fixed base, a spring and a resistive slider connected to the heating base, the end of the spring away from the heating base connected to the fixed base, a resistive substrate connected to the fixed base, and the resistive slider slidably connected to the resistive substrate. The heating power of the heating assembly is related to the position of the resistive slider relative to the resistive substrate. The extraction assembly includes an extraction cylinder connected to the heating base, a collection box connected to the lower side of the extraction cylinder, and openings at both the top and bottom ends of the extraction cylinder. Sand cores are connected to both the top and bottom ends of the extraction cylinder, and gel filler is filled between the sand cores on both sides of the extraction cylinder. The filtration assembly includes a connecting base connected to the extraction cylinder, a filter cylinder, a vibration unit, and a backwashing unit connected to the connecting base. The filter cylinder slidably passes through the connecting base, and a filter screen is connected to the inner side of the filter cylinder. A filter membrane is connected to the filter screen. The vibration unit includes a first motor, the output shaft of which is fixedly connected to a first cam. The rim of the first cam slidably abuts against a first slider, and the end of the first slider away from the first cam is connected to the filter cylinder. The backwashing unit includes a second motor. The machine and the liquid-collecting cylinder are connected together. The output shaft of the second motor is fixedly connected to a second cam. The rim of the second cam slides against a second slider. The liquid-collecting cylinder is fixedly connected to the filter cylinder. The liquid-collecting cylinder is connected to a piston rod assembly that controls its liquid collection and discharge. The end of the second slider away from the second cam is fixedly connected to the operating rod of the piston rod assembly. The inlet and outlet ends of the liquid-collecting cylinder are connected to an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe through a three-way pipe. The inlet end of the inlet pipe is connected to a container holding the rinsing liquid. The outlet end of the outlet pipe is connected to a guide pipe, which is connected to several rinsing nozzles. The nozzle is located on the lower side of the filter screen, and the upper end of the filter cylinder is open. The vibration unit and the backwashing unit are linked together. When the first slider of the vibration unit drives the filter cylinder to move downward relative to the connecting seat, the second slider of the backwashing unit pulls the piston rod assembly downward, and the liquid-collecting cylinder draws the washing liquid through the liquid inlet pipe. When the first slider of the vibration unit drives the filter cylinder to move upward relative to the connecting seat, the second slider of the backwashing unit pushes the piston rod assembly upward, and the liquid-collecting cylinder discharges the washing liquid through the liquid outlet pipe. The washing liquid flows out through the liquid guide pipe and several washing nozzles to impact the lower end face of the filter screen.

2. The exosome extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gel filler is one or more porous materials selected from dextran, agarose, or polyacrylamide.

3. The exosome extraction device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pore size of the gel filler is 35nm-70nm.

4. The exosome extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the filter cylinder is not greater than the inner diameter of the extraction cylinder, and the inner diameter of the extraction cylinder is not greater than the inner diameter of the collection box.

5. The exosome extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter screen has a larger pore diameter than the filter membrane, and the filter screen has an upward-arched arc shape.

6. The exosome extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid guide tube is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the filter cylinder, and the liquid guide tube is in the shape of a ring, with several flushing nozzles evenly distributed around the circumference of the liquid guide tube.

7. The exosome extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Heating elements are evenly arranged around the heating base, and the extraction cylinder is located inside the space enclosed by the four heating elements.

8. An exosome extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are connected to a liquid check valve. The liquid check valve connected to the inlet pipe controls the flushing liquid to move unidirectionally from the container holding the flushing liquid to the side of the suction cylinder. The liquid check valve connected to the outlet pipe controls the flushing liquid to move unidirectionally from the suction cylinder to the side of the guide pipe.

9. An exosome extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resistor substrate, the rim of the first cam, and the rim of the second cam are all provided with annular grooves with a "convex" cross-section. The resistor slider, the first slider, and the second slider are respectively provided with sliding abutment parts that cooperate with the annular grooves, and the sliding abutment parts are slidably disposed on the inner side of the annular grooves.

10. An exosome extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper opening of the filter cylinder is connected to a cover. The extraction cylinder and the heating base, the connecting base and the extraction cylinder, and the cover and the filter cylinder are all detachably connected by an interference fit.

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