Household garbage incineration control treatment system

Abstract

The invention discloses a household garbage incineration control treatment system, which belongs to the technical field of garbage incineration treatment, and comprises: an incineration unit, which is used for incinerating household garbage and comprises a feeding device, a fire grate driving device, an active air supply system, an auxiliary air supply system and a first detection module; the flue gas treatment unit is used for purifying flue gas generated by the incineration unit and comprises a pollutant removal device and a second detection module; and the control module is in communication connection with the incineration unit and the flue gas treatment unit and used for outputting a control instruction to the incineration unit according to a target combustion mode so as to adjust operation parameters of the feeding device, the fire grate driving device, the active air supply system and the auxiliary air supply system in a linkage mode. According to the invention, economical efficiency, high efficiency and environmental protection of household garbage incineration treatment are realized.

Description

A municipal solid waste incineration control and treatment system Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to a municipal solid waste incineration control and treatment system, belonging to the field of waste incineration technology. Background Technology

[0002] Municipal solid waste incineration is a core technological means to achieve the reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization of urban municipal solid waste. By decomposing the organic components in the waste through high-temperature combustion, it can not only significantly reduce the volume of waste and kill pathogens, but also recover heat energy for power generation or heating. It has irreplaceable application value in densely populated urban areas with scarce land resources. At present, the mainstream municipal solid waste incineration treatment system usually achieves stable combustion of waste through the cooperation of feeding device, grate drive device and air supply system. At the same time, it relies on detection modules to collect basic operating parameters such as furnace temperature and flue gas oxygen content, and uses pollutant removal devices to purify the flue gas generated by incineration to reduce the concentration of pollutants emitted. The control system of the existing incineration system generally lacks the adaptability of operating conditions and the ability of multi-objective coordinated regulation. It is difficult to adaptively adjust according to the dynamic fluctuation of waste composition and the real-time changes in combustion conditions. Moreover, the control of the incineration unit and the flue gas treatment unit are independent of each other, and there is a lack of linkage regulation mechanism based on end emission constraints to optimize the front-end combustion process. It is difficult to balance compliance, economy and efficiency in operation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] According to one aspect of this application, a municipal solid waste incineration control and treatment system is provided, which achieves the economy, efficiency and environmental friendliness of municipal solid waste incineration treatment.

[0004] A municipal solid waste incineration control and treatment system includes: an incineration unit for incinerating municipal solid waste, comprising a feeding device, a grate drive device, an active air supply system, an auxiliary air supply system, and a first detection module; a flue gas treatment unit for purifying the flue gas generated by the incineration unit, comprising a pollutant removal device and a second detection module; wherein, the first detection module is used to acquire combustion condition parameters, including the thickness of the waste layer in the combustion zone, the position of the combustion front, the temperature of each zone of the grate, the furnace temperature, and the oxygen content of the flue gas; the second detection module is used to acquire flue gas state parameters, including the pollutant concentration at the inlet of the flue gas treatment unit, the operating efficiency parameters of the pollutant removal device, and the final emission concentration at the outlet; and a control module, communicatively connected to both the incineration unit and the flue gas treatment unit, for controlling the incineration unit based on the pollutant concentration at the inlet of the flue gas treatment unit, the operating efficiency parameters of the pollutant removal device, and the final emission concentration at the outlet; and a control module, communicatively connected to both the incineration unit and the flue gas treatment unit, for controlling the incineration unit based on the pollutant concentration at the inlet of the flue gas treatment unit, and ... According to the target combustion mode, control commands are output to the incineration unit to coordinate and adjust the operating parameters of the feeding device, the grate drive device, the active air supply system, and the auxiliary air supply system. The control module includes: a strategy library with at least two different combustion optimization modes preset, each of which defines a set of incineration unit control parameters associated with a specific optimization target. The control parameter set includes at least the feeding rate, grate motion mode, zoned air volume ratio of the active air supply system, and stratified air volume ratio of the auxiliary air supply system; an emission constraint analyzer, used to generate a regulation demand signal characterizing the deviation or trend of the current emission status from the target based on the flue gas state parameters; and a mode decision-maker, used to dynamically select or fuse the target combustion mode from the strategy library according to the regulation demand signal and the current combustion condition parameters.

[0005] Furthermore, the combustion optimization modes include: a first nitrogen oxide mode, characterized by a control parameter set corresponding to the first nitrogen oxide mode to make the main combustion zone in an oxygen-deficient state and enhance staged combustion; a second nitrogen oxide mode, characterized by a control parameter set corresponding to the second nitrogen oxide mode to increase the temperature of the secondary combustion zone; and a third nitrogen oxide mode, characterized by a control parameter set corresponding to the third nitrogen oxide mode to suppress combustion process fluctuations and stabilize furnace temperature; the control parameter sets corresponding to the first nitrogen oxide mode, the second nitrogen oxide mode, and the third nitrogen oxide mode are respectively the target set value of the waste layer thickness in the combustion zone, the target set value of the combustion front position, the reference value of the feeding rate, and the grate speed ratio parameter; when the mode decision-maker selects or fuses to generate a target combustion mode from the strategy library, it simultaneously obtains the control parameter set associated with the mode and sends the thickness target set value and the position target set value in the control parameter set to the feeding and grate collaborative control loop.

[0006] Furthermore, the control module performs coordinated control of the feeding speed and grate movement speed, including: calculating the initial feeding speed setpoint and the global reference speed of the grate movement based on the target throughput and the estimated calorific value of the waste; using the global reference speed, the waste layer thickness deviation in the combustion zone, and the combustion front position deviation as inputs, performing speed allocation, and calculating and outputting independent speed setpoints applicable to the drying zone, combustion zone, and secondary combustion zone; wherein, the speed allocation includes: when the waste layer thickness in the combustion zone deviates from the target thickness setpoint, adjusting the grate speed of the combustion zone and its adjacent areas; when the waste layer thickness in the combustion zone is greater than the target thickness setpoint, prioritizing increasing the independent speed setpoint of the combustion zone to accelerate the discharge of material from the combustion zone, and simultaneously fine-tuning the drying zone. Independent speed settings and independent speed settings for the secondary combustion zone are used to maintain smooth material flow. When the combustion front deviates from the target setting, the speed difference between the combustion zone and the drying zone is adjusted. When the combustion front is less than the set position, the independent speed setting for the combustion zone is increased, while the independent speed setting for the drying zone is decreased to accelerate the combustion process and borrow material from the drying zone. Adjustment of the speed in any zone is linked to adjustment of the feeding speed and the speed in other zones to maintain a stable total material throughput and prevent material accumulation or gaps due to sudden changes in local speed. Meanwhile, the global reference speed, thickness target setting, position target setting, and speed allocation weight parameters are all defined or dynamically corrected by the target combustion mode. Furthermore, the emission constraint analyzer performs the following operations: when the nitrogen oxide concentration in the final emission concentration shows an upward trend, it generates a regulation demand signal to suppress the generation of thermal nitrogen oxides; when the carbon monoxide concentration in the final emission concentration exceeds the standard or the carbon monoxide concentration at the inlet of the flue gas treatment unit increases sharply, it generates a regulation demand signal to improve combustion completeness; when the operating efficiency parameters of the pollutant removal device indicate an abnormally high deacidifying agent consumption rate, it generates a regulation demand signal to stabilize combustion and reduce fluctuating emissions of acidic gases.

[0007] Furthermore, the modal decision-maker performs the following operations: when multiple adjustment demand signals exist simultaneously, the modal decision-maker performs weighted fusion or selective superposition of the control parameter sets of multiple associated combustion optimization modes according to preset priority rules or multi-objective compromise strategies, and dynamically generates a fused mode; the control parameter set of the fused mode corresponds to the current set of multiple conflicting optimization objectives and executable control instructions.

[0008] Furthermore, the active air supply system includes an air supply fan, air chamber dampers located in multiple independent areas below the grate, and inlet nozzle dampers for the secondary combustion zone. The control module executes control commands on the active air supply system, including: dynamically allocating the total air volume to the drying zone, combustion zone, and secondary combustion zone based on the air volume setpoints or ratios specified by the target combustion mode, and covering at least one of the following control logics: A. Using the end temperature of the drying zone as the controlled variable, the drying zone damper is adjusted in a closed loop; B. Using the furnace temperature of the combustion zone as the main loop and the oxygen content of the flue gas in the combustion zone as the secondary loop, cascade control is performed to adjust the combustion zone damper; C. Using the final emitted carbon monoxide concentration as the controlled variable, the secondary combustion zone damper is adjusted in a closed loop; D. Using the oxygen content at the furnace outlet as the controlled variable, the total secondary air volume is adjusted. When adjusting the air volume in any zone, the control module pre-adjusts the dampers in other zones to maintain the stability of the total air volume setpoint.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes an auxiliary air supply system for distributing the auxiliary air volume. The auxiliary air supply system includes an auxiliary air supply fan and nozzles arranged in layers in the secondary combustion zone. The control module executes control commands on the auxiliary air supply system, including: the total amount of auxiliary air supply and the ratio of nozzle layer air volume as specified by the target combustion mode, and covers the following control logic: dynamically distributing the air volume of different layers of nozzles according to the concentrations of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide.

[0010] Furthermore, the pollutant removal device includes: a denitrification unit connected to the flue gas outlet of the incineration unit, used for selective non-catalytic reduction denitrification treatment of the flue gas generated from incineration; a waste heat utilization unit connected to the flue gas outlets of the incineration unit and the denitrification unit, used for recovering the heat energy of the flue gas; a deacidification unit connected to the flue gas outlet of the waste heat utilization unit, used for injecting an alkaline deacidification agent into the flue gas for dry deacidification reaction; and a dust removal unit connected to the flue gas outlet of the deacidification unit, wherein the dust removal unit has a built-in high-temperature filter tube for filtering and removing dust from the deacidified flue gas; wherein the dust removal unit is a high-temperature filter tube dust collector, and part or all of the surface of the high-temperature filter tube dust collector is loaded with a denitrification catalyst, resulting in a catalytic filtration unit with dust removal and catalytic denitrification functions.

[0011] Furthermore, the pollutant removal device also includes an activated carbon injection device, the injection point of which is located downstream of the injection point of the deacidification unit and / or upstream of the dust removal unit in the flue.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this application include: The municipal solid waste incineration control and treatment system provided by this application integrates an incineration unit, a flue gas treatment unit, and an intelligent control module. The first detection module comprehensively collects combustion condition parameters of the combustion zone, the second detection module acquires flue gas state parameters, and the control module relies on a pre-set strategy library with multiple sets of combustion optimization modes. Combined with the adjustment demand signal generated by the emission constraint analyzer based on the flue gas state parameters, the mode decision-maker dynamically selects or fuses to generate a target combustion mode suitable for the current operating conditions. Based on this, it adjusts the feeding speed of the feeding device, the grate movement mode of the grate drive device, and the zoned air volume ratio of the active air supply system and the stratified air volume ratio of the auxiliary air supply system. This not only allows for flexible adjustment of incineration operating parameters according to different optimization objectives, ensuring that municipal solid waste is always in a highly efficient and stable combustion state, effectively improving the volume reduction efficiency of waste incineration, but also enables real-time response to changes in flue gas emissions, dynamically optimizing the incineration conditions to adapt to the pollutant removal requirements of the flue gas treatment unit, reducing pollutant generation and emissions, and ensuring that the final emission indicators stably meet environmental standards, thus achieving the economy, efficiency, and environmental friendliness of municipal solid waste incineration treatment. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 is an overall system block diagram of a municipal solid waste incineration control and treatment system according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 is an adjustment block diagram of the feeding device and grate drive device according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 3 is a control principle block diagram of the air supply system according to one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The present application is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but the present application is not limited to these embodiments.

[0015] Referring to Figures 1-3, as shown in Figure 1, a municipal solid waste incineration control and treatment system includes: an incineration unit for incinerating municipal solid waste, comprising a feeding device, a grate drive device, an active air supply system, an auxiliary working air system, and a first detection module; and a flue gas treatment unit for purifying the flue gas generated by the incineration unit, comprising a pollutant removal device and a second detection module. The first detection module acquires combustion condition parameters, including the thickness of the waste layer in the combustion zone, the position of the combustion front, the temperature of each zone of the grate, the furnace temperature, and the oxygen content of the flue gas. The second detection module acquires flue gas state parameters, including the pollutant concentration at the inlet of the flue gas treatment unit, the operating efficiency parameters of the pollutant removal device, and the final emission concentration at the outlet. During data acquisition, the thickness of the waste layer in the combustion zone is obtained in real time by a laser ranging sensor on the furnace sidewall. The distance is calculated by reflecting time difference, and the thickness is converted by combining the sensor installation height. Then, the thickness distribution is fitted by multi-point scanning data. The position of the combustion front is captured by an infrared thermal imager to capture the high-temperature contour of the combustion zone and identify the boundary between the high-temperature and unburned zones. Combined with the speed and start-stop parameters collected by the grate running speed sensor, the coordinates of the grate area corresponding to the boundary line are located. The temperature of each zone of the grate is directly collected by high-temperature armored thermocouple sensors embedded in the refractory lining of each zone of the grate. The sensors are thermally insulated from the grate body. The collected temperature signals are conditioned and converted before being transmitted to the first detection module. The furnace temperature is measured by the radiation temperature of the infrared thermometer at the top of the furnace and the local medium temperature of the insertion thermocouple at the middle and lower part. The temperature distribution and average value of the entire furnace are obtained by combining the data from the two types of sensors. The oxygen content of the flue gas is detected by an extractive zirconia oxygen analyzer in the flue gas outlet of the furnace. After the flue gas sample is pretreated by dust removal and drying, the zirconia probe calculates the oxygen content based on the oxygen concentration difference potential signal.The pollutant concentration at the inlet of the flue gas treatment unit is detected by the online monitoring probe group in the inlet flue. The particulate matter concentration is calculated using the laser scattering method, and the gaseous pollutant concentration is retrieved using the differential absorption spectroscopy method. A sampling pump and pretreatment system are provided to ensure stable probe operation. The operating efficiency parameters of the pollutant removal device are calculated based on the pollutant concentrations at the inlet and outlet of the device, and process parameters such as the desulfurizing agent slurry concentration, circulation rate, denitrification reducing agent injection rate, and reactor flue gas temperature are collected simultaneously for auxiliary evaluation. The final emission concentration at the emission outlet is detected by the online monitoring system for fixed pollution sources at the chimney, which complies with national standards. This system integrates multiple monitoring modules and uses extraction or in-situ measurement methods to detect pollutant concentrations. Combined with parameters such as flue gas temperature and pressure, standard state conversion is performed to obtain compliant final emission concentration data. Existing technologies can be used to obtain the data, and no specific limitations are imposed here. The control module is connected to both the incineration unit and the flue gas treatment unit. The communication connection is used to output control commands to the incineration unit according to the target combustion mode, so as to coordinate and adjust the operating parameters of the feeding device, the grate drive device, the active air supply system and the auxiliary air supply system; the control module includes: a strategy library, which has at least two different combustion optimization modes preset, each of which defines a set of incineration unit control parameters associated with a specific optimization target, the control parameter set including at least the feeding rate, grate motion mode, zone air volume ratio of the active air supply system and the stratified air volume ratio of the auxiliary air supply system; an emission constraint analyzer, used to generate an adjustment demand signal characterizing the deviation or trend of the current emission status from the target based on the flue gas state parameters; and a mode decision-maker, used to dynamically select or fuse the target combustion mode from the strategy library according to the adjustment demand signal and the current combustion condition parameters.

[0016] Specifically, the incineration unit receives, transports, and burns municipal solid waste. The feeding device controls the amount of waste entering the furnace, and the grate drive moves the grate, spreading and advancing the waste within the furnace and determining its residence time in the combustion zone. The movement speed of different grate zones can be independently controlled. An active air supply system provides air to the furnace and secondary combustion zone in zones, precisely matching the combustion needs of each zone. An auxiliary air supply system supplies air to the secondary combustion zone, adjusting the air volume and stratified distribution to regulate temperature and oxygen content, reducing nitrogen oxide generation. The first detection module... The combustion process is monitored by capturing the thickness of the waste layer in the combustion zone, the position of the combustion front, the temperature of each zone of the grate, the temperature of the furnace, and the oxygen content in the flue gas. An excessively thick waste layer can lead to incomplete combustion, and a shift in the combustion front can cause localized overheating. The thickness of the waste layer in the combustion zone and the position of the combustion front directly reflect the uniformity of waste combustion. Too low a temperature may cause flameout, while too high a temperature can damage the furnace equipment. The temperature of each zone of the grate and the temperature of the furnace indicate whether combustion is stable. Too low an oxygen content indicates insufficient oxygen during combustion, while too high an oxygen content will carry away a large amount of heat, reducing combustion efficiency. The oxygen content in the flue gas indirectly reflects whether the air supply is sufficient.

[0017] Furthermore, the flue gas generated from incineration contains pollutants such as dust, acidic gases, heavy metals, and dioxins. The flue gas treatment unit purifies the flue gas to ensure that the final emissions meet environmental standards. The pollutant removal devices are configured according to the type of pollutant, and can include bag filters for dust removal, dry spraying devices for acidic gases, and activated carbon adsorption devices for dioxins. The second detection module detects the inlet pollutant concentration, the operating efficiency parameters of the removal devices, and the final emission concentration at the outlet. The inlet pollutant concentration determines the pollution load of the flue gas entering the purification system, providing a basis for adjusting the operating parameters of the removal devices; for example, a higher pollutant load requires increasing the dosage of reagents. The operating efficiency parameters of the removal devices reflect the working status of the purification equipment, such as the purity of the deacidifying agent in the dry spraying device and the adsorption saturation of the activated carbon adsorption device; adjustments are needed promptly when efficiency decreases. The final emission concentration at the outlet is the ultimate indicator verifying the purification effect.

[0018] In the control module, the strategy library pre-stores multiple validated combustion optimization modes. Each mode corresponds to a set of control parameters, transforming optimization control experience under different operating conditions into executable parameter combinations. For example, in the high-efficiency combustion mode, where the waste has a high calorific value and sufficient load, the control parameter set can be set to improve combustion efficiency and reduce energy consumption, such as high feeding speed, rapid grate advancement, and high air volume ratio in the combustion zone. In the low-emission priority mode, where the waste's calorific value fluctuates greatly and pollutants are easily generated, the control parameter set can be set to reduce the generation of pollutants such as dioxins, such as low feeding speed, slow grate advancement, and uniform air supply. In the balanced mode, such as under normal operating conditions, the parameter set balances efficiency and emissions, falling between the former two. The emission constraint analyzer transforms flue gas monitoring data into adjustment requirements to prevent emissions from exceeding standards. Specifically, the parameters acquired by the second detection module are compared in real time with preset environmental standards. If the emission concentration is close to exceeding the standard or an upward trend is detected, a regulation demand signal to strengthen low-emission control is generated. If the emission concentration is far below the target value and stable, a regulation demand signal to moderately improve combustion efficiency is generated. The modal decision-maker selects or fuses the optimal combustion mode based on real-time operating conditions to avoid the problem that a single mode cannot adapt to complex operating conditions. It inputs the regulation demand signal of the emission constraint analyzer and the combustion operating parameters of the first detection module; it selects the matching mode from the strategy library or fuses the parameters of multiple modes.

[0019] It is worth noting that the first detection module of this application collects combustion condition parameters in real time, and the second detection module collects flue gas state parameters in real time; the emission constraint analyzer generates adjustment demand signals based on flue gas parameters; the modal decision-maker combines the adjustment demand and the current combustion condition to select or fuse target combustion modes from the strategy library; the control module outputs control commands to the incineration unit to adjust the feeding speed, grate movement mode, and zone air volume ratio; the adjusted incineration condition will change the combustion parameters and flue gas emission parameters, and the detection module will collect data again to enter the next round of adjustment.

[0020] As shown in Figure 2, the combustion optimization modes include: a first nitrogen oxide mode, characterized by a control parameter set that puts the main combustion zone in an oxygen-deficient state and enhances staged combustion; a second nitrogen oxide mode, characterized by a control parameter set that increases the temperature of the secondary combustion zone; and a third nitrogen oxide mode, characterized by a control parameter set that suppresses combustion process fluctuations and stabilizes furnace temperature. The control parameter sets corresponding to the first, second, and third nitrogen oxide modes are respectively the target set value for the thickness of the waste layer in the combustion zone, the target set value for the position of the combustion front, the reference value for the feeding rate, and the grate speed ratio parameter. When the mode decision-maker selects or merges to generate a target combustion mode from the strategy library, it simultaneously obtains the control parameter set associated with the mode and sends the thickness target set value and the position target set value in the control parameter set to the feeding and grate collaborative control loop.

[0021] The control module performs coordinated control of the feeding speed and grate movement speed, including: calculating the initial feeding speed setpoint and the global reference speed of the grate movement based on the target throughput and the estimated calorific value of the waste; using the global reference speed, the waste layer thickness deviation in the combustion zone, and the combustion front position deviation as inputs, performing speed allocation, and calculating and outputting independent speed setpoints applicable to the drying zone, combustion zone, and secondary combustion zone; wherein, the speed allocation includes: when the waste layer thickness in the combustion zone deviates from the target thickness setpoint, adjusting the grate speed of the combustion zone and its adjacent areas; when the waste layer thickness in the combustion zone is greater than the target thickness setpoint, prioritizing increasing the independent speed setpoint of the combustion zone to accelerate the discharge of material from the combustion zone, and simultaneously fine-tuning the independent speed setpoint of the drying zone. The independent speed setpoints for the primary and secondary combustion zones are used to maintain smooth material flow. When the combustion front deviates from the target position setpoint, the speed difference between the combustion and drying zones is adjusted. When the combustion front position is less than the set position, the independent speed setpoint for the combustion zone is increased, while the independent speed setpoint for the drying zone is decreased to accelerate the combustion process and borrow material from the drying zone. Adjustment of the speed in any zone is linked to fine-tuning of the feeding speed and the speed in other zones to maintain a stable total throughput and prevent material accumulation or gaps in flow due to sudden changes in local speed. Meanwhile, the global reference speed, thickness target setpoint, position target setpoint, and speed allocation weight parameters are all defined or dynamically corrected by the target combustion mode.

[0022] Specifically, the first nitrogen oxide mode corresponds to oxygen-deficient combustion and staged combustion, suppressing NO at its source. x Formation, generally, of nitrogen oxides, especially thermal NO. x The generation of nitrogen oxides requires sufficient oxygen and a high-temperature environment. The first nitrogen oxide mode reduces oxygen supply, creating an oxygen-deficient environment in the main combustion zone. Simultaneously, staged combustion is employed, dividing the air supply into primary and secondary air. Less air is supplied to the main combustion zone, with supplementary air supplied to subsequent areas, avoiding localized oxygen-rich high-temperature zones and reducing the generation of the first nitrogen oxide mode from the source. The specific characteristics of the corresponding control parameter set are: a high target set value for waste layer thickness, thickening the waste layer in the combustion zone and creating a localized oxygen-deficient environment, hindering the full reaction between oxygen and nitrogen in the waste; a relatively late target set value for the combustion front position, allowing the combustion reaction to proceed slowly within the furnace, avoiding localized concentrated combustion and the formation of oxygen-rich high-temperature zones; a medium-low baseline value for the feeding rate, avoiding excessively fast feeding that could lead to a sudden increase in combustion load and difficulty in maintaining a stable oxygen-deficient state; and a relatively low grate speed ratio in the combustion zone, extending the residence time of waste in the oxygen-deficient main combustion zone, ensuring effective oxygen-deficient combustion, suitable for furnaces where localized oxygen-rich high-temperature zones and nitrogen oxide emissions are prone to occur. x The operating conditions involve an upward trend in emissions and relatively stable waste calorific value. The second nitrogen oxide mode corresponds to increasing the temperature of the secondary combustion zone and reducing the generated NO. x NO was treated using a reduction method. xA suitable amount of secondary air is introduced into the secondary combustion zone, and the temperature in this zone is increased to promote the combustion of NO already generated in the furnace. x It reacts with reducing gases to produce NO. x The waste is reduced to nitrogen gas, achieving a removal effect. The corresponding control parameter set features are: a moderate target set value for the waste layer thickness, ensuring combustion efficiency in the main combustion zone while reserving sufficient reaction space for the secondary combustion zone; a central target set value for the combustion front position, allowing the combustion front to smoothly advance into the secondary combustion zone, matching the requirements of the high-temperature reduction reaction; and a medium-high baseline value for the feeding rate, ensuring sufficient material to generate reducing gas and meet the NO removal requirements. x Material requirements for the reduction reaction; low grate velocity in the secondary combustion zone prolongs the residence time of flue gas and reducing gases in the high-temperature secondary combustion zone, thus increasing NO. x Reduction efficiency; applicable to the NO combustion zone of the main site x A small amount has been generated, and the overall furnace temperature is low with insufficient reducing gas.

[0023] The third nitrogen oxide mode suppresses combustion fluctuations and stabilizes furnace temperature, avoiding NO x A sharp increase, due to NO x NO formation is extremely sensitive to fluctuations in combustion conditions, such as sudden increases or decreases in furnace temperature or inconsistent combustion speed of waste, all of which can lead to NO generation. x Significant fluctuations in emissions can be mitigated by the third NOx mode, which reduces operating condition fluctuations through a stable combustion process, thereby avoiding NO emissions. x Emissions abrupt changes; the corresponding control parameter set features are: a constant target set value for waste layer thickness to avoid changes in combustion conditions caused by thickness fluctuations; a fixed target set value for the combustion front position to ensure the combustion reaction proceeds along a fixed trajectory, eliminating local fluctuations in operating conditions caused by front offset; a stable feed rate baseline value to avoid fluctuations in combustion load caused by sudden changes in feed rate; and a constant speed difference between different zones to ensure smooth material propulsion; suitable for waste with large fluctuations in calorific value and complex composition, and whose combustion conditions are prone to fluctuation, especially NO. x Operating conditions with fluctuating emissions.

[0024] Meanwhile, after selecting the target combustion mode, the control module achieves stable total throughput, precise adjustment of local operating conditions, and no material accumulation or gas shortage by coordinating the control of the feeding rate and grate speed. By inputting the target throughput and the estimated calorific value of the waste, the module obtains the initial feeding rate setpoint and the global reference grate speed. Specifically, for waste with high calorific value and strong combustion capacity, the initial feeding rate and global reference speed are appropriately increased; for waste with low calorific value and weak combustion capacity, the initial parameters are decreased to avoid incomplete combustion. Through calculation using the global reference speed, the waste layer thickness deviation in the combustion zone, and the combustion front position deviation, the module outputs independent speed setpoints for the drying zone, combustion zone, and secondary combustion zone, achieving precise zoned control. Furthermore, when the thickness of the waste layer in the combustion zone deviates from the target value, the waste layer thickness is quickly corrected while avoiding material breakage. If the actual thickness is greater than the target thickness, the independent speed of the combustion zone is increased first, while the drying zone and secondary combustion zone are slightly adjusted. The speed of the drying zone is slightly reduced to decrease subsequent material supply and prevent further thickening, while the speed of the secondary combustion zone is slightly increased to receive the material discharged from the combustion zone and prevent accumulation. If the actual thickness is less than the target thickness, the speed of the combustion zone is reduced first, while the speed of the drying zone is slightly increased and the speed of the secondary combustion zone is reduced. When the position of the combustion front deviates from the target value, the combustion process rhythm is adjusted, and the position of the front is corrected to ensure the combustion mode effect. If the actual position is less than the set position, the combustion front has not reached the predetermined area, and the combustion process is too slow, so the speed of the combustion zone is increased while the speed of the drying zone is decreased. Conversely, the operation is reversed: the speed of the combustion zone is decreased and the speed of the drying zone is increased to slow down the combustion process and pull the front back to the set position. Within this system, speed adjustments in any zone must not affect the system's preset total processing capacity, while preventing sudden changes in local speed that could lead to material accumulation or runaway. After adjusting the speed in a certain zone, the feeding speed and the speeds in other zones are simultaneously adjusted slightly. For example, when increasing the speed in the combustion zone to reduce the thickness of the waste layer, the feeding speed is slightly reduced, and the speeds in the drying zone and secondary combustion zone are adjusted simultaneously to ultimately maintain a constant total processing capacity and ensure smooth material propulsion in each zone.

[0025] It is worth noting that the core parameters of the coordinated control of feeding and grate are all determined by the selected target combustion mode; if the operating conditions change, the parameters will be dynamically corrected synchronously after the mode decision-maker switches or integrates a new target combustion mode to suppress NO. x emission.

[0026] The emission constraint analyzer performs the following operations: when the nitrogen oxide concentration in the final emission concentration shows an upward trend, it generates a regulation demand signal to suppress the generation of thermal nitrogen oxides; when the carbon monoxide concentration in the final emission concentration exceeds the standard or the carbon monoxide concentration at the inlet of the flue gas treatment unit increases sharply, it generates a regulation demand signal to improve combustion completeness; when the operating efficiency parameters of the pollutant removal device indicate an abnormally high deacidifying agent consumption rate, it generates a regulation demand signal to stabilize combustion and reduce fluctuating emissions of acidic gases.

[0027] Specifically, when the NO at the final emission point x The concentration is increasing, inhibiting the formation of thermally active NO. x The generated regulatory demand signal reduces NO at the combustion source. x When the CO concentration at the final emission outlet exceeds the standard and the CO concentration at the inlet of the flue gas treatment unit increases sharply, a signal is generated to adjust the demand for improving combustion completeness and solve the problem of incomplete combustion; when the consumption rate of the deacidifying agent in the pollutant removal device increases abnormally, a signal is generated to adjust the demand for stabilizing combustion to reduce the fluctuation of acid gas emissions, reduce the emission fluctuation of acid gas, reduce the ineffective consumption of deacidifying agent, and control the treatment cost.

[0028] Among them, for NO x Monitoring doesn't wait until the concentration exceeds the standard to trigger a signal; instead, it judges the trend. An increase in concentration indicates that the combustion conditions are shifting towards high-temperature, oxygen-rich thermal NO. x Precipitation can prevent a sudden increase in end-of-pipe purification load by intervening in advance if the generation conditions are unfavorable. A sudden increase in inlet CO reflects a sudden change in the combustion conditions of the incineration unit, such as grate jamming, insufficient air supply, and a sudden drop in the calorific value of the waste, requiring rapid adjustment of combustion parameters. Excessive outlet CO indicates that end-of-pipe purification cannot remedy incomplete combustion, and the problem must be addressed at the source of combustion. An abnormally high consumption of deacidifying agent is essentially due to large fluctuations in acid gas emissions. Unstable combustion conditions can cause the release rates of chlorine and sulfur in the waste to fluctuate, forcing the deacidification system to frequently adjust the dosage of the agent, resulting in waste.

[0029] The modal decision-maker performs the following operations: when multiple adjustment demand signals exist simultaneously, the modal decision-maker performs weighted fusion or selective superposition of the control parameter sets of multiple associated combustion optimization modes according to preset priority rules or multi-objective compromise strategies, and dynamically generates a fused mode; the control parameter set of the fused mode corresponds to the current set of multiple conflicting optimization objectives and executable control instructions.

[0030] Specifically, the modal decision-maker handles conflicts between multiple demand signals, generating a fused mode through prioritization or compromise strategies. In a single mode, when the emission constraint analyzer generates only one type of regulatory demand signal, the modal decision-maker directly selects the corresponding combustion optimization mode from the strategy library, thus suppressing thermal NO.x Based on the current combustion conditions, the system selects the first, second, or third NOx mode; if a signal to improve combustion completeness is received, the mode emphasizing complete combustion is selected; if a signal to stabilize combustion and reduce acid gas fluctuations is received, the third NOx mode is selected.

[0031] Furthermore, in actual incineration operations, multiple emission anomalies often occur simultaneously, such as NO. x As the concentration rises, the CO concentration also exceeds the standard. At this point, a single mode cannot meet the multi-objective requirements, so a fusion mode needs to be generated through two strategies. Priority rules are preset, and emissions are weighted according to importance. The system pre-sets the priority of emission targets, which can be ranked as follows: NO... x Emissions compliance > CO emission compliance > Deacidification agent consumption cost control; when simultaneously receiving NO suppression x When there are two demand signals—to improve combustion completeness and suppress NO— x The modal parameters are used as the core weights, and modal parameters that improve combustion completeness are superimposed to generate a fused mode.

[0032] In one embodiment, the control parameter set for the fusion mode = 70% of the oxygen-deficient staged combustion parameters of the first NOx mode + 30% of the high-air-supply slow grate parameters of the fully combusted mode, prioritizing NO suppression. x While ensuring proper combustion, we must also consider the generation of CO to avoid exceeding the CO concentration limit.

[0033] When multiple demands have no clear priority, the modal decision-maker seeks the solution that satisfies the minimum requirement for all objectives. The generated fusion modal parameter set must satisfy the following: final NO emissions. x Concentration does not exceed the rising threshold; CO concentration falls back to the acceptable range; deacidifying agent consumption rate returns to normal range; control commands are within the equipment's executable range, etc.

[0034] As shown in Figure 3, the active air supply system includes an air supply fan, air chamber dampers located in multiple independent areas below the grate, and inlet nozzle dampers for the secondary combustion zone. The control module executes control commands on the active air supply system, including: dynamically allocating the total air volume to the drying zone, combustion zone, and secondary combustion zone based on the air volume setpoints or ratios specified by the target combustion mode, and covering at least one of the following control logics: A. Using the end temperature of the drying zone as the controlled variable, the drying zone damper is adjusted in a closed loop; B. Using the furnace temperature of the combustion zone as the main loop and the oxygen content of the flue gas in the combustion zone as the secondary loop, cascade control is performed to adjust the combustion zone damper; C. Using the final emitted carbon monoxide concentration as the controlled variable, the secondary combustion zone damper is adjusted in a closed loop; D. Using the oxygen content at the furnace outlet as the controlled variable, the total secondary air volume is adjusted. When adjusting the air volume in any zone, the control module pre-adjusts the dampers in other zones to maintain the stability of the total air volume setpoint.

[0035] The auxiliary air supply system is used to allocate the volume of auxiliary air supply. The auxiliary air supply system includes an auxiliary air supply fan and nozzles arranged in layers in the secondary combustion zone. The control module executes control commands on the auxiliary air supply system, including: the total volume of auxiliary air supply and the ratio of the air volume of the nozzle layers as specified by the target combustion mode, and covers the following control logic: dynamically allocating the air volume of different layers of nozzles according to the concentrations of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide.

[0036] Specifically, the active air supply system is the main air source for the incinerator. Through independent air chambers and dampers below the grate, it distributes basic air volume to the drying zone, combustion zone, and secondary combustion zone, ensuring precise matching of air volume to combustion needs in each zone. The air supply fan provides the main air source, and the total air volume can be dynamically adjusted. Multiple air chamber dampers below the grate correspond to the drying zone, combustion zone, and secondary combustion zone, with each zone's damper independently controllable, achieving zoned air volume distribution. The inlet nozzle damper for the secondary combustion zone specifically regulates the air volume entering the secondary combustion zone, assisting in enhancing burnout. The control module, based on the target combustion mode, first determines the setpoint or ratio of air volume for each zone, and then, through control logic, achieves precise air volume adjustment. Simultaneously, it pre-adjusts dampers in other zones to maintain a stable total air volume. When adjusting any zone's damper, the control module simultaneously pre-adjusts dampers in other zones, ultimately maintaining a stable total air volume setpoint. To avoid furnace pressure fluctuations caused by single-zone airflow adjustments and prevent sudden changes in combustion conditions, the end temperature of the drying zone is regulated via the drying zone damper to ensure effective waste drying. Too low a temperature results in insufficient drying and unstable subsequent combustion; too high a temperature can easily cause premature ignition. This system adapts to all combustion modes, especially suitable for conditions with high waste moisture content. The furnace temperature and flue gas oxygen content in the combustion zone are precisely controlled via the combustion zone damper to maintain oxygen and temperature balance. The main ring temperature control prevents overheating damage to equipment or excessively low temperatures leading to incomplete combustion; the secondary ring oxygen content control ensures that the oxygen requirement is low in the anoxic mode and moderate in the fully combusted mode. The core control loop for all combustion modes prioritizes ensuring stable operating conditions in the combustion zone. The final CO emission concentration is adjusted by the inlet nozzle damper of the secondary combustion zone to reduce CO emissions. If CO exceeds the standard, it indicates incomplete combustion. The air volume in the secondary combustion zone is increased to enhance the afterburning reaction of unburned gases. This is applicable when the CO concentration exceeds the standard or increases sharply, in conjunction with the signal to improve the completeness of combustion. The oxygen content at the furnace outlet is adjusted by the secondary air damper to control the overall oxygen content level in the furnace, ensuring that the oxygen content at the furnace outlet is stable within a reasonable range. This avoids excessive total air volume from carrying away heat or excessively low total air volume from causing global oxygen deficiency. Global air volume balance control is adapted to multiple overlapping mode scenarios.

[0037] Furthermore, the auxiliary air supply system, through layered nozzles, provides supplemental air to the secondary combustion zone, enhances the disturbance of the mixed flue gas, and precisely controls NO. xThe generation and conversion of CO are adapted to the needs of multi-objective fusion modes. The auxiliary air supply fan provides an auxiliary air source, and the air volume is independent of the active air supply system; the nozzles are installed in layers in the furnace of the secondary combustion zone, and the air delivery direction and coverage area of ​​the nozzles in different layers are different. The bottom layer nozzles are aimed at the center of the combustion zone, and the upper layer nozzles cover the secondary combustion zone.

[0038] Specifically, the total auxiliary air volume and the nozzle stratified air volume ratio are determined based on the selected mode or fusion mode. If the target mode is to suppress thermal NO... x The auxiliary air volume is set to a low to medium level, with a stratified air supply ratio that prioritizes less air supply to the lower layer to maintain oxygen deficiency in the combustion zone, and more air supply to the upper layer to enhance the reduction reaction in the secondary combustion zone. NO is monitored in real time. x Based on CO concentration, the airflow at different nozzle levels is dynamically allocated to achieve precise control of pollutants. For example, when NO... x Increased concentration, normal CO concentration, inhibiting thermal NO x This generates airflow by reducing the air volume at the bottom nozzles of the combustion zone and increasing the air volume at the upper nozzles of the secondary combustion zone. Excessive CO concentration and NO... x When the concentration is normal, improve combustion completeness by increasing the airflow at the middle layer of the combustion zone nozzles and simultaneously fine-tuning the airflow at the secondary combustion zone nozzles. When NO... x When the concentration rises and CO concentration exceeds the standard, a small amount of supplemental air is used in the bottom layer of the combustion zone, a moderate amount of supplemental air is used in the middle layer, and the air volume is increased in the upper layer of the secondary combustion zone. This application addresses fluctuations in the calorific value and composition of waste by rapidly stabilizing combustion conditions and reducing emission fluctuations through coordinated adjustment of the air volume of the two systems. It is worth noting that the primary air from the active air supply fan blows from the ash hopper to the furnace, while its secondary air and auxiliary air supply blow into the secondary combustion chamber. The secondary air is used to aid combustion, and the auxiliary air supply is used for strong disturbances and recirculated flue gas.

[0039] The pollutant removal device includes: a denitrification unit connected to the flue gas outlet of the incineration unit for selective non-catalytic reduction denitrification treatment of the flue gas generated from incineration; a waste heat utilization unit connected to the flue gas outlets of the incineration unit and the denitrification unit for recovering the heat energy of the flue gas; a deacidification unit connected to the flue gas outlet of the waste heat utilization unit for injecting an alkaline deacidification agent into the flue gas for dry deacidification reaction; and a dust removal unit connected to the flue gas outlet of the deacidification unit, wherein the dust removal unit has a built-in high-temperature filter tube for filtering and removing dust from the deacidified flue gas; wherein the dust removal unit is a high-temperature filter tube dust collector, and part or all of the surface of the high-temperature filter tube dust collector is loaded with a denitrification catalyst, resulting in a catalytic filtration unit with dust removal and catalytic denitrification functions.

[0040] The pollutant removal device also includes an activated carbon injection device, the injection point of which is located downstream of the injection point of the deacidification unit and / or upstream of the dust removal unit in the flue.

[0041] Specifically, the denitrification unit is connected to the flue gas outlet of the incineration unit. It performs preliminary denitrification treatment on the flue gas produced by incineration, reducing the initial concentration of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas. Using selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) technology, it utilizes the high-temperature environment of the flue gas after incineration (typically 850-1100℃) to inject reducing agents such as ammonia water and urea solution into the flue gas. The reducing agents react with the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas, ultimately producing pollution-free nitrogen and water. At this point, no additional catalyst is required, and the waste heat of the incineration flue gas can be fully utilized to provide the reaction conditions, eliminating the need for additional heating and resulting in low energy consumption. The waste heat utilization unit is located after the flue gas outlet of the denitrification unit. It recovers a large amount of heat energy from the flue gas, achieving energy reuse; on the other hand, it lowers the flue gas temperature, creating a suitable working environment for subsequent acid removal and dust removal units. Heat exchange equipment such as waste heat boilers or flue gas-air heat exchangers allows high-temperature flue gas to exchange heat with a heat exchange medium, transferring the heat energy of the flue gas to the heat exchange medium, which then converts it into steam or hot air. The steam can be used for power generation or to supply heat to surrounding areas, while the hot air is provided to heat users. This achieves heat energy recovery, improving the overall system's energy utilization rate and economy, while also precisely reducing the flue gas temperature to prevent damage to equipment components in subsequent acid removal and dust removal units. The acid removal unit is connected to the flue gas outlet of the waste heat utilization unit, treating the cooled flue gas and removing acidic gases, mainly including hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen fluoride. Dry acid removal technology is used, injecting calcium hydroxide powder or other alkaline acid removal agents into the flue. The alkaline acid removal agent neutralizes the acidic gases in the flue gas, generating solid salts. The dry desulfurization technology requires no water, generates no secondary wastewater, and reduces the pressure on subsequent wastewater treatment. The injection rate of the desulfurizing agent can be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time concentration of acidic gases in the flue gas, adapting to different pollution loads. Simultaneously, the solid products generated by the neutralization reaction enter the subsequent dust removal unit along with the flue gas for centralized collection and treatment. The dust removal unit, located at the flue gas outlet of the desulfurization unit, treats flue gas containing solid particles, capturing these particles, including raw dust and solid salts generated by the desulfurization reaction. It also performs deep removal of remaining nitrogen oxides from the flue gas, ensuring that final emissions meet standards. Structurally, this unit is a high-temperature filter tube dust collector with built-in high-temperature filter tubes. Functionally, it utilizes the filtration effect of the high-temperature filter tubes to trap solid particles on the surface of the tubes as flue gas passes through them, thus achieving dust removal. On the other hand, a denitrification catalyst is loaded onto part or all of the surface of the high-temperature filter tubes, forming a catalytic filtration unit. Residual nitrogen oxides in the flue gas that have not been removed by the front-end denitrification unit will undergo a selective catalytic reduction reaction with the residual reducing agent in the flue gas or the subsequently added reducing agent under the action of the catalyst, thus achieving deep denitrification.

[0042] The activated carbon injection point is located downstream of the deacidification unit's injection point and also upstream of the dust removal unit in the flue gas duct. This ensures that the activated carbon is fully mixed with the deacidified flue gas before entering the dust removal unit. It specifically removes characteristic pollutants from the flue gas that are difficult to remove using conventional processes, primarily dioxins and heavy metals. Activated carbon powder is injected into the flue gas. Activated carbon has a porous structure and extremely strong adsorption capacity, rapidly adsorbing pollutants such as dioxins and heavy metals from the flue gas. This ensures that the activated carbon is in full contact with the flue gas and mixes evenly, improving adsorption efficiency. It also allows the activated carbon, having adsorbed pollutants, to be completely captured by the subsequent dust removal unit along with other solid particles in the flue gas, preventing secondary pollution caused by activated carbon being emitted with the flue gas. Furthermore, the amount of activated carbon injected can be dynamically adjusted based on real-time monitoring data of dioxins and heavy metals in the flue gas, balancing treatment effectiveness and operating costs.

[0043] It is worth noting that this system regulates the waste combustion rate by adjusting the feeding speed and the material movement speed within the furnace, and coordinates with the furnace air supply temperature to ensure the furnace outlet temperature remains between 950℃ and 1050℃, achieving combustion temperature control. The air supply is heated to 260℃ and enters the furnace through the grate. A secondary combustion chamber is designed, employing flue gas recirculation technology. Clean flue gas is drawn from behind the induced draft fan using an auxiliary air supply fan, and this auxiliary air is blown into the secondary combustion chamber at a speed of 30-40 meters per second, enhancing turbulence and achieving thorough mixing of the flue gas, while simultaneously ensuring complete combustion of combustible gases. Through frequency conversion coordination and control of the auxiliary air supply fan and the induced draft fan, the system ensures that the flue gas remains above 850℃ for more than 2 seconds even under load fluctuations, guaranteeing the complete decomposition of toxic substances such as dioxins. The system uses frequency conversion control of the combustion air supply fan to maintain the excess air coefficient between 1.3 and 1.6, ensuring complete combustion and effectively controlling pollutant emissions. Then, toxic components in the flue gas are removed through high-temperature activated carbon to ensure that dioxin emissions meet standards.

[0044] The above description is merely a few embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit this application in any way. Although this application discloses preferred embodiments as described above, it is not intended to limit this application. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application using the disclosed technical content are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A municipal solid waste incineration control and treatment system, characterized in that, include: The incineration unit is used to incinerate municipal solid waste and includes a feeding device, a grate drive device, an active air supply system, an auxiliary air supply system, and a first detection module. A flue gas treatment unit is used to purify the flue gas generated by the incineration unit, including a pollutant removal device and a second detection module. The first detection module acquires combustion condition parameters, including the thickness of the waste layer in the combustion zone, the position of the combustion front, the temperature of each zone of the grate, the furnace temperature, and the oxygen content of the flue gas. The second detection module acquires flue gas state parameters, including the pollutant concentration at the inlet of the flue gas treatment unit, the operating efficiency parameters of the pollutant removal device, and the final emission concentration at the outlet. A control module is communicatively connected to both the incineration unit and the flue gas treatment unit, and is used to output control commands to the incineration unit according to the target combustion mode to coordinate the adjustment of the feeding device, The operating parameters of the grate drive device, the active air supply system, and the auxiliary air supply system; the control module includes: a strategy library, which has at least two different combustion optimization modes preset, each of which defines a set of control parameters for the incineration unit associated with a specific optimization target, the control parameter set including at least the feeding rate, grate motion mode, zoned air volume ratio of the active air supply system, and stratified air volume ratio of the auxiliary air supply system; an emission constraint analyzer, used to generate a regulation demand signal characterizing the deviation or trend of the current emission status from the target based on the flue gas state parameters; and a mode decision-maker, used to dynamically select or fuse target combustion modes from the strategy library according to the regulation demand signal and the current combustion condition parameters.

2. The municipal solid waste incineration control and treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combustion optimization modes include: a first nitrogen oxide mode, characterized by a control parameter set corresponding to the first nitrogen oxide mode to make the main combustion zone in an oxygen-deficient state and enhance staged combustion; a second nitrogen oxide mode, characterized by a control parameter set corresponding to the second nitrogen oxide mode to increase the temperature of the secondary combustion zone; and a third nitrogen oxide mode, characterized by a control parameter set corresponding to the third nitrogen oxide mode to suppress combustion process fluctuations and stabilize furnace temperature. The control parameter sets corresponding to the first nitrogen oxide mode, the second nitrogen oxide mode, and the third nitrogen oxide mode are respectively the target set value of the waste layer thickness in the combustion zone, the target set value of the combustion front position, the reference value of the feeding rate, and the grate speed ratio parameter. When the mode decision-maker selects or merges to generate a target combustion mode from the strategy library, it simultaneously obtains the control parameter set associated with the mode and sends the thickness target set value and the position target set value in the control parameter set to the feeding and grate collaborative control loop.

3. The municipal solid waste incineration control and treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control module performs coordinated control of the feeding speed and grate movement speed, including: calculating the initial feeding speed setpoint and the global reference speed of the grate movement based on the target throughput and the estimated calorific value of the waste; using the global reference speed, the waste layer thickness deviation in the combustion zone, and the combustion front position deviation as inputs, performing speed allocation, and calculating and outputting independent speed setpoints applicable to the drying zone, combustion zone, and secondary combustion zone; wherein, the speed allocation includes: when the waste layer thickness in the combustion zone deviates from the target thickness setpoint, adjusting the grate speed of the combustion zone and its adjacent areas; when the waste layer thickness in the combustion zone is greater than the target thickness setpoint, prioritizing increasing the independent speed setpoint of the combustion zone to accelerate the discharge of material from the combustion zone, and simultaneously fine-tuning the independent speed setpoint of the drying zone. The speed setpoint and the independent speed setpoint of the secondary combustion zone are used to maintain smooth material connection. When the position of the combustion front deviates from the target position setpoint, the speed difference between the combustion zone and the drying zone is adjusted. When the position of the combustion front is less than the set position, the independent speed setpoint of the combustion zone is increased, while the independent speed setpoint of the drying zone is decreased to accelerate the combustion process and borrow material from the drying zone. The adjustment of the speed in any zone is linked to the adjustment of the feeding speed and the speed of other zones to maintain the stability of the total material handling capacity and prevent material accumulation or gaps in the supply due to sudden changes in local speed. At the same time, the global reference speed, the thickness target setpoint, the position target setpoint, and the weight parameters of speed allocation are all defined or dynamically corrected by the target combustion mode.

4. The municipal solid waste incineration control and treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The emission constraint analyzer performs the following operations: when the nitrogen oxide concentration in the final emission concentration shows an upward trend, it generates a regulation demand signal to suppress the generation of thermal nitrogen oxides; when the carbon monoxide concentration in the final emission concentration exceeds the standard or the carbon monoxide concentration at the inlet of the flue gas treatment unit increases sharply, it generates a regulation demand signal to improve combustion completeness; when the operating efficiency parameters of the pollutant removal device indicate an abnormally high deacidifying agent consumption rate, it generates a regulation demand signal to stabilize combustion and reduce fluctuating emissions of acidic gases.

5. A municipal solid waste incineration control and treatment system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The modal decision-maker performs the following operations: when multiple adjustment demand signals exist simultaneously, the modal decision-maker performs weighted fusion or selective superposition of the control parameter sets of multiple associated combustion optimization modes according to preset priority rules or multi-objective compromise strategies, and dynamically generates a fused mode; the control parameter set of the fused mode corresponds to the current set of multiple conflicting optimization objectives and executable control instructions.

6. The municipal solid waste incineration control and treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active air supply system includes an air supply fan, air chamber dampers located in multiple independent areas below the grate, and inlet nozzle dampers for the secondary combustion zone. The control module executes control commands on the active air supply system, including: dynamically allocating the total air volume to the drying zone, combustion zone, and secondary combustion zone based on the air volume setpoints or ratios specified by the target combustion mode, and covering at least one of the following control logics: A. Using the end temperature of the drying zone as the controlled variable, the drying zone damper is adjusted in a closed loop; B. Using the furnace temperature of the combustion zone as the main loop and the oxygen content of the flue gas in the combustion zone as the secondary loop, cascade control is performed to adjust the combustion zone damper; C. Using the final emitted carbon monoxide concentration as the controlled variable, the secondary combustion zone damper is adjusted in a closed loop; D. Using the oxygen content at the furnace outlet as the controlled variable, the total secondary air volume is adjusted. When adjusting the air volume in any zone, the control module pre-adjusts the dampers in other zones to maintain the stability of the total air volume setpoint.

7. The municipal solid waste incineration control and treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an auxiliary air supply system for allocating the auxiliary air volume. The auxiliary air supply system includes an auxiliary air supply fan and nozzles arranged in layers in the secondary combustion zone. The control module executes control commands on the auxiliary air supply system, including: the total amount of auxiliary air supply and the ratio of nozzle layer air volume as specified by the target combustion mode, and covers the following control logic: dynamically allocating the air volume of different layers of nozzles according to the concentrations of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide.

8. The municipal solid waste incineration control and treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pollutant removal device includes: a denitrification unit connected to the flue gas outlet of the incineration unit for selective non-catalytic reduction denitrification treatment of the flue gas generated from incineration; a waste heat utilization unit connected to the flue gas outlets of the incineration unit and the denitrification unit for recovering the heat energy of the flue gas; a deacidification unit connected to the flue gas outlet of the waste heat utilization unit for injecting an alkaline deacidification agent into the flue gas for dry deacidification reaction; and a dust removal unit connected to the flue gas outlet of the deacidification unit, wherein the dust removal unit has a built-in high-temperature filter tube for filtering and removing dust from the deacidified flue gas; wherein the dust removal unit is a high-temperature filter tube dust collector, and part or all of the surface of the high-temperature filter tube dust collector is loaded with a denitrification catalyst, resulting in a catalytic filtration unit with dust removal and catalytic denitrification functions.

9. A municipal solid waste incineration control and treatment system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The pollutant removal device also includes an activated carbon injection device, the injection point of which is located downstream of the injection point of the deacidification unit and / or upstream of the dust removal unit in the flue.

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