Photovoltaic power station operation and maintenance strategy optimization device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic power station operation and maintenance strategy optimization device and method. The device comprises a bearing plate, an omnidirectional antenna, a convergence side diagnosis box, a collection box, a monitoring probe and a mounting frame. The method comprises the steps of S1, component state collection; s2, confluence side edge pretreatment; s3, carrying out two-dimensional strategy operation; s4, performing energy storage cooperative control; s5, closed-loop self-optimization is carried out; s6, operation and maintenance auxiliary guarantee; high-precision optical sensing and temperature sensing units are integrated through the acquisition module, full-dimension data such as output power, voltage, current, backboard temperature, surface shielding ratio and hidden crack state of the assembly can be synchronously acquired, the acquisition frequency reaches the second level, the temperature measurement error is smaller than or equal to 0.8 DEG C, hidden crack defects with the minimum width can be recognized, and the detection accuracy is improved. And meanwhile, a large-capacity local cache unit is arranged in the acquisition module, so that monitoring data can be continuously stored for 72 hours in an off-network state.

Description

Photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance strategy optimization device and method Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of operation and maintenance strategy technology, and relates to a device and method for optimizing operation and maintenance strategies of photovoltaic power plants. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale development of photovoltaic power plants and the increasing demand for grid-connected operation, operation and maintenance efficiency and energy utilization efficiency have become core factors restricting the benefits of power plants. Currently, there are many technical pain points in the operation and maintenance of photovoltaic power plants. Firstly, traditional data acquisition equipment has a single data dimension, mostly collecting electrical parameters such as power and voltage, lacking monitoring of physical conditions and environmental factors such as backsheet temperature, microcracks, and surface shading. This makes it difficult to comprehensively reflect the operating status of the modules. Some acquisition devices lack local caching functions, making data loss easy during network outages, resulting in a lack of complete data sources for subsequent operation and maintenance analysis. Secondly, there is a lack of local data preprocessing mechanisms; collected data is directly uploaded to the backend, leading to large transmission redundancy and a surge in backend computing pressure. Furthermore, computing nodes are often single servers, resulting in high response latency. The system suffers from several drawbacks. First, it cannot achieve dynamic allocation of power generation weights and rapid assessment of fault levels. Delayed fault handling can easily lead to component damage or power generation loss. Furthermore, a single computing node failure can easily cause operation and maintenance interruptions. Second, the coordinated scheduling of photovoltaics, energy storage, and the power grid lacks precise control devices, resulting in slow loop switching response. This makes it difficult to adapt to the energy scheduling needs of different scenarios such as high-efficiency power generation and grid connection, peak shaving and valley filling energy storage, and fault isolation. Third, the operation and maintenance strategies are mostly statically set without a closed-loop optimization mechanism. They cannot be dynamically adjusted according to real-time operating conditions such as changes in sunlight, component aging, and remaining energy storage capacity, resulting in poor strategy adaptability. At the same time, the equipment installation method is non-standardized, the layout is scattered, and there is a lack of redundant backup design. Operation and maintenance interruptions are likely to occur during extreme weather or equipment failures, resulting in high maintenance hours and labor costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a photovoltaic power station operation and maintenance strategy optimization device, including a receiving plate, which is set on a horizontal plane. A machine room is set on the receiving plate. An omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna are set on the top of the machine room. A second telescopic rod and a first telescopic rod are respectively set on the omnidirectional antenna and the directional antenna. An energy storage battery cabinet is set on one side of the machine room. A photovoltaic inverter is set on the receiving plate. A steel frame is set between the energy storage battery cabinet and the photovoltaic inverter. A fixed base is fixedly connected to the bottom of the steel frame. An installation plate is set on the steel frame. A fixed frame is fixedly connected to one outer wall of the installation plate. An energy storage collaborative control box and an edge calculator are set on the fixed frame.

[0004] The receiving plate is provided with a cross base, and a support telescopic column is fixedly connected to the cross base. A connecting frame is provided at the top of the support telescopic column, and an installation frame is provided on the connecting frame. A photovoltaic panel is provided on the installation frame.

[0005] A junction box is provided on one side of the support telescopic column, and a junction-side diagnostic box is provided inside the junction box. A triangular base is fixedly connected to the other side of the bottom of the support telescopic column. A fixing cavity is provided on the triangular base, and an installation base is snapped into the fixing cavity.

[0006] The mounting base has a slot, and a buckle is fixedly connected to the mounting cavity at the position corresponding to the slot. A mounting base is fixedly connected to the mounting base, and the mounting base is fixedly engaged with the triangular base frame by the buckle. A connecting cavity is provided on the mounting base, and a data acquisition box is snapped into the connecting cavity. A monitoring probe is provided at the top of the data acquisition box, and the monitoring probe is snapped into the mounting base through the data acquisition box.

[0007] The optimization method for the photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance strategy optimization device includes the following steps: S1, Module status acquisition; using a button-type monitoring and acquisition device composed of monitoring probes and acquisition boxes to achieve lossless acquisition of photovoltaic panel data in all dimensions, improving data coverage integrity and acquisition accuracy; S2, Combiner side edge preprocessing; using directional transmission technology of omnidirectional and directional antennas and the local screening function of the combiner side diagnostic box to reduce data transmission redundancy and improve preprocessing efficiency; S3, Dual-dimensional strategy calculation; through collaborative calculation between the edge calculator and the data center, to complete the allocation of module power generation weights and fault level assessment, and output accurate operation and maintenance instructions; S4, Energy storage collaborative control; relying on the energy storage collaborative control box to realize intelligent switching of the loops of photovoltaic inverters, energy storage battery cabinets, and the power grid, adapting to the energy dispatching needs of different power generation scenarios; S5, Closed-loop self-optimization; based on the real-time operating data fed back by monitoring probes and energy storage battery cabinets, to iteratively optimize algorithm parameters and continuously adapt to changes in the operating status of the power plant; S6, Operation and maintenance auxiliary support; through the modular installation structure and redundant design supported by steel frames, to ensure the continuity of operation and maintenance and reduce maintenance costs.

[0008] In S1, the monitoring probe collects data from the built-in optical and temperature sensing modules. The parameters include output power, voltage, current, backplate temperature, surface obstruction, and microcrack status. The acquisition frequency is on the order of seconds, with small temperature acquisition error and high accuracy in microcrack identification. The acquisition box has a built-in local cache, which can temporarily store data when the network is disconnected and automatically retransmit it after the network is restored.

[0009] In S2, data transmission adopts a dual-mode protocol, supports concurrent transmission of multiple acquisition boxes, has a low packet loss rate, and the combiner-side diagnostic box has a built-in high-efficiency processing chip to calculate the health score of photovoltaic panels, and only uploads data of inefficient components and abnormal data to the edge calculator.

[0010] In S3, power generation weights are allocated according to the health status of photovoltaic panels. High-efficiency modules are given priority to be connected to photovoltaic inverters and grid circuits, medium-efficiency modules are given priority to be connected to photovoltaic inverters and energy storage battery cabinet charging circuits, and low-efficiency modules are operated with reduced weights. Faults are divided into two levels according to their severity: emergency isolation and scheduling maintenance. The computing response is rapid, and the built-in industrial server in the computer room serves as a backup computing center. When the edge calculator fails, it automatically takes over.

[0011] In S4, the energy storage collaborative control box and the edge calculator are directly connected via a bus. After receiving the calculation instructions, the built-in relay array responds quickly. In high-efficiency power generation scenarios, it connects the photovoltaic inverter and the grid circuit. In low-efficiency or insufficient sunlight scenarios, it connects the photovoltaic inverter and the energy storage battery cabinet circuit. In fault scenarios, it quickly disconnects the corresponding combiner circuit. The equipment adopts an anti-misinsertion locking design and supports hot-plugging replacement. A single replacement takes no more than 30 seconds.

[0012] In S5, the system collects photovoltaic panel power and temperature data, energy storage battery cabinet SOC, charge and discharge efficiency data, and grid load response data from the monitoring probe every hour. The edge calculator automatically iterates and optimizes parameters. The health threshold is lowered by five to eight points on cloudy days, the emergency fault temperature threshold is lowered by three to five degrees Celsius on high-temperature days, and the charging and discharging current is adjusted by ±10 amps when the energy storage charging efficiency is below 90%.

[0013] The main advantages of this invention are as follows: By integrating high-precision optical and temperature sensing units into the acquisition module, it can simultaneously collect comprehensive data such as component output power, voltage, current, backplane temperature, surface occlusion ratio, and microcrack status, with an acquisition frequency down to the second level. The temperature measurement error is ≤0.8℃, and it can identify microcracks with the smallest width. The accuracy and comprehensiveness of data monitoring are significantly improved. Simultaneously, the acquisition module has a built-in large-capacity local cache unit, which can continuously store 72 hours of monitoring data in the event of a network outage, automatically re-transmitting data after network recovery to ensure the continuity and integrity of data acquisition. This provides accurate and comprehensive data source support for the formulation of operation and maintenance strategies, and also develops multi-loop intelligent control. The module, equipped with a built-in high-speed response relay array with a response time of ≤10ms, enables rapid loop switching between photovoltaic, energy storage, and grid. Based on the component health grading results, it flexibly adapts to different scenario requirements such as high-efficiency power generation grid connection, inefficient energy storage, and fault loop isolation, significantly improving the accuracy of energy dispatch. It establishes a closed-loop self-optimization mechanism for operation and maintenance strategies, collects component operating status, energy storage working parameters, and grid load response data in real time, and automatically iterates algorithm parameters every hour, dynamically adjusting health assessment thresholds, charging and discharging control parameters, etc. It adapts to different environmental conditions such as cloudy days and high temperatures, as well as operating scenarios such as component aging and changes in energy storage status, ensuring the dynamic adaptability of operation and maintenance strategies. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is an exploded view of part of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 is a flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Receiving plate; 2. Equipment room; 3. Omnidirectional antenna; 4. Directional antenna; 5. First telescopic pole; 6. Second telescopic pole; 7. Energy storage battery cabinet; 8. Photovoltaic inverter; 9. Steel frame; 10. Mounting plate; 11. Fixing frame; 12. Energy storage collaborative control box; 13. Edge calculator; 14. Fixing base; 15. Photovoltaic panel; 16. Cross base; 17. Support telescopic column; 18. Connecting frame; 19. Combiner box; 20. Combiner side diagnostic box; 21. Triangular base; 22. Fixing cavity; 23. Buckle; 24. Mounting base; 25. Slot; 26. Mounting base; 27. Connecting cavity; 28. Acquisition box; 29. ​​Monitoring probe; 30. Mounting frame. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Example 1, as shown in Figures 1-3, includes a photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance strategy optimization device, comprising a receiving plate 1, which is set on a horizontal plane. A machine room 2 is set on the receiving plate 1. An omnidirectional antenna 3 and a directional antenna 4 are set on the top of the machine room 2. A second telescopic rod 6 and a first telescopic rod 5 are respectively set on the omnidirectional antenna 3 and the directional antenna 4. An energy storage battery cabinet 7 is set on one side of the machine room 2. A photovoltaic inverter 8 is set on the receiving plate 1. A steel frame 9 is set between the energy storage battery cabinet 7 and the photovoltaic inverter 8. A fixing seat 14 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the steel frame 9. An installation plate 10 is set on the steel frame 9. A fixing frame 11 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the installation plate 10. An energy storage collaborative control box 12 and an edge calculator 13 are set on the fixing frame 11.

[0018] The receiving plate 1 is provided with a cross base 16, and a support telescopic column 17 is fixedly connected to the cross base 16. A connecting frame 18 is provided at the top of the support telescopic column 17, and an installation frame 30 is provided on the connecting frame 18. A photovoltaic panel 15 is provided on the installation frame 30.

[0019] A junction box 19 is provided on one side of the support telescopic column 17, and a junction-side diagnostic box 20 is provided inside the junction box 19. A triangular base 21 is fixedly connected to the other side of the bottom of the support telescopic column 17. A fixing cavity 22 is provided on the triangular base 21, and an installation base 24 is snapped into the fixing cavity 22.

[0020] The mounting base 24 has a slot 25, and a buckle 23 is fixedly connected in the fixing cavity 22 at the position corresponding to the slot 25. The mounting base 24 is fixedly connected to the mounting base 24, and the mounting base 24 is engaged and fixed with the triangular base 21 by the buckle 23. The mounting base 26 has a connecting cavity 27, and a data acquisition box 28 is snapped into the connecting cavity 27. A monitoring probe 29 is provided at the top of the data acquisition box 28, and the monitoring probe 29 is snapped into the mounting base 26 through the data acquisition box 28.

[0021] The optimization method of the photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance strategy optimization device includes the following steps: S1, component status acquisition; through the button-type monitoring and acquisition device composed of monitoring probe 29 and acquisition box 28, lossless acquisition of all-dimensional data of photovoltaic panel 15 is achieved, improving data coverage integrity and acquisition accuracy; S2, combiner side edge preprocessing; the directional transmission technology of omnidirectional antenna 3 and directional antenna 4 and the local filtering function of combiner side diagnostic box 20 reduce data transmission redundancy and improve preprocessing efficiency; S3, dual-dimensional strategy calculation; through the collaborative calculation of edge calculator 13 and equipment room 2, the following steps are completed. S4, Energy Storage Collaborative Control: Relying on the energy storage collaborative control box 12, intelligent switching of the loops of photovoltaic inverter 8, energy storage battery cabinet 7, and the power grid is realized to adapt to the energy dispatching needs of different power generation scenarios; S5, Closed-Loop Self-Optimization: Based on the real-time operating data fed back by monitoring probe 29 and energy storage battery cabinet 7, the algorithm parameters are iteratively optimized to continuously adapt to changes in the operating status of the power station; S6, Operation and Maintenance Assistance and Support: Through the modular installation structure and redundant design supported by the steel frame 9, the continuity of operation and maintenance is ensured and maintenance costs are reduced.

[0022] In S1, the monitoring probe 29 collects data from its built-in optical and temperature sensing modules, covering parameters such as output power, voltage, current, back panel temperature, surface shading, and microcrack status. The acquisition frequency is on the order of seconds, with minimal temperature acquisition error and high accuracy in identifying microcracks. The acquisition box 28 has a built-in local cache, allowing for temporary data storage during network outages and automatic data retransmission upon network recovery. This snap-on monitoring and acquisition device, composed of the monitoring probe 29 and acquisition box 28, enables lossless acquisition of all-dimensional data from the photovoltaic panel 15, improving data coverage integrity and acquisition accuracy. The monitoring probe 29, with its built-in optical and temperature sensing modules, is snapped onto the mounting base 26 via the acquisition box 28. The mounting base 24 is secured to the triangular base 21 via a snap-fit ​​23. The snap-fit ​​23 is made of reinforced nylon material, compatible with common photovoltaic panel back panels 15. In S2, data transmission adopts a dual-mode protocol, supporting concurrent transmission from multiple acquisition boxes 28 with a low packet loss rate. The combiner-side diagnostic box 20 has a built-in high-efficiency processing chip to calculate the health score of the photovoltaic panel 15, uploading only inefficient component data and abnormal data to the edge calculator 13. By employing directional transmission technology with omnidirectional antennas 3 and directional antennas 4, and the local filtering function of the combiner-side diagnostic box 20, data transmission redundancy is reduced and preprocessing efficiency is improved. The omnidirectional antenna 3 on the top of the equipment room 2, equipped with a second telescopic pole 6, is height-adjustable and has a wide coverage range. The directional antenna 4 is angle-adjustable via the first telescopic pole 5, with high gain and precise pointing to the combiner box 19 area. Adjusting the height of the second telescopic pole 6 on the top of the equipment room 2 allows the omnidirectional antenna 3 to achieve full photovoltaic array signal coverage. Adjusting the angle of the directional antenna 4 via the first telescopic pole 5 makes it precisely point to the combiner box 19 area, improving the targeting of signal transmission. The acquisition box 28 transmits the acquired data to the omnidirectional antenna 3 and directional antenna 4 via the dual-mode protocol, supporting concurrent transmission from multiple acquisition boxes 28 to ensure transmission stability. The combiner side diagnostic box 20 inside combiner box 19 has a built-in high-efficiency processing chip. After receiving data, it automatically filters duplicate and invalid data, and marks abnormal power and temperature data. It also calculates the health score of photovoltaic panel 15 based on multi-dimensional parameters. Only data of inefficient components and abnormal data are uploaded to edge calculator 13 to reduce transmission redundancy and computing pressure. In S3, the power generation weight is allocated according to the health level of photovoltaic panel 15. High-efficiency components are given priority to be connected to photovoltaic inverter 8 and grid circuit, medium-efficiency components are given priority to be connected to photovoltaic inverter 8 and energy storage battery cabinet 7 charging circuit, and inefficient components are de-weighted. Faults are divided into two levels according to severity: emergency isolation and dispatch maintenance. The computing response is rapid. The computer room 2 has a built-in industrial server as a backup computing center, which automatically takes over when edge calculator 13 fails.The industrial server built into the computer room 2 serves as a backup computing center. When the edge calculator 13 fails, it automatically takes over the computing tasks to ensure the continuity of computing. The edge calculator 13 allocates power generation weights according to the health score of the photovoltaic panels 15. High-efficiency modules are given priority to be connected to the photovoltaic inverter 8 and the grid circuit, medium-efficiency modules are given priority to be connected to the photovoltaic inverter 8 and the charging circuit of the energy storage battery cabinet 7, and low-efficiency modules operate at reduced rates to achieve refined energy scheduling. At the same time, the edge calculator 13 classifies faults into two levels: emergency isolation and scheduling maintenance, and generates corresponding operation and maintenance instructions. The photovoltaic panels with high health scores are high-efficiency modules; those with average health scores are medium-efficiency modules; and those with low health scores are low-efficiency modules. In S4, the energy storage collaborative control box 12 and the edge calculator 13 are directly connected via a bus. After receiving the calculation instructions, the built-in relay array responds quickly. In the high-efficiency power generation scenario, it connects the photovoltaic inverter 8 and the grid circuit. In the low-efficiency and insufficient light scenario, it connects the photovoltaic inverter 8 and the energy storage battery cabinet 7 circuit. In the fault scenario, it quickly cuts off the corresponding combiner circuit. The equipment adopts an anti-misinsertion locking design and supports hot-plugging replacement. The time for a single replacement does not exceed thirty seconds. The energy storage collaborative control box 12 enables intelligent switching of the circuits between the photovoltaic inverter 8, the energy storage battery cabinet 7, and the power grid, adapting to the energy dispatching needs of different power generation scenarios. The energy storage collaborative control box 12 is directly connected to the edge calculator 13 via a bus, ensuring stable and delay-free command transmission. After receiving maintenance commands from the edge calculator 13, the built-in relay array responds quickly. In high-efficiency power generation scenarios, the energy storage collaborative control box 12 connects the photovoltaic inverter 8 and the power grid circuit while disconnecting the energy storage charging circuit, ensuring direct grid connection of high-efficiency power and reducing conversion losses. In low-efficiency scenarios with insufficient sunlight, it connects the photovoltaic inverter 8 and the energy storage battery cabinet 7 circuit, storing inefficient power in the energy storage battery cabinet 7 to avoid power wastage, and then connecting it to the grid for power supply during peak grid load. In fault scenarios, upon receiving an emergency fault command, it quickly disconnects the bus circuit corresponding to the faulty photovoltaic panel 15 to prevent the fault from escalating while maintaining the normal operation of other circuits. The energy storage collaborative control box 12 adopts an anti-misinsertion locking design, supporting hot-swappable replacement, and maintenance without downtime.

[0023] In S5, based on real-time operating data fed back from monitoring probe 29 and energy storage battery cabinet 7, the algorithm parameters are iteratively optimized to continuously adapt to changes in the power station's operating status. Every hour, the power and temperature data of photovoltaic panel 15, the SOC and charge / discharge efficiency data of energy storage battery cabinet 7, and the grid load response data fed back from monitoring probe 29 are collected. The edge calculator 13 automatically iteratively optimizes the parameters, lowering the health threshold by five to eight points on cloudy days, lowering the emergency fault temperature threshold by three to five degrees Celsius during high temperatures, and adjusting the charge / discharge current by ±10 amps when the energy storage charging efficiency is below 90%. Through the closed-loop self-optimization stage, the operating status data of photovoltaic panel 15, the working parameters of energy storage battery cabinet 7, and the grid load response data fed back from monitoring probe 29 are continuously collected to form a complete feedback dataset. The edge calculator 13 automatically iteratively optimizes the algorithm parameters based on the comparison between the feedback data and historical data, so that the operation and maintenance strategy continuously adapts to the real-time operating conditions of the power station, including different environmental conditions such as cloudy days and high temperatures, as well as changes in the operating status of components.

[0024] In S6, the modular installation structure and redundant design supported by the steel frame 9 ensure continuous operation and maintenance while reducing maintenance costs. During the maintenance support phase, modular installation ensures stability. All data acquisition and control equipment uses standardized rail-mounted or snap-fit ​​installation. The steel frame 9 is made of rust-proof high-strength steel and is fixed to the mounting plate 1 via the mounting base 14. The equipment layout is adjacent to the energy storage battery cabinet 7 and the photovoltaic inverter 8, improving command transmission response speed. For redundancy backup, the computer room 2 provides backup power for core equipment such as the edge calculator 13 and data acquisition box 28, avoiding maintenance interruptions under extreme power outage conditions. The dual-node backup of the edge calculator 13 and the server in computer room 2 further ensures continuous operation and maintenance. Regarding maintenance convenience, the standardized installation design and compact equipment layout significantly reduce labor costs, and the hot-swappable function further reduces maintenance downtime and improves power station operating efficiency.

[0025] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be arbitrarily combined without conflict. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance strategy optimization device, comprising a receiving plate (1), wherein the receiving plate (1) is disposed on a horizontal surface, characterized in that: A machine room (2) is provided on the receiving plate (1). An omnidirectional antenna (3) and a directional antenna (4) are provided on the top of the machine room (2). A second telescopic rod (6) and a first telescopic rod (5) are provided on the omnidirectional antenna (3) and the directional antenna (4), respectively. An energy storage battery cabinet (7) is provided on one side of the machine room (2). A photovoltaic inverter (8) is provided on the receiving plate (1). A steel frame (9) is provided between the energy storage battery cabinet (7) and the photovoltaic inverter (8). A fixed seat (14) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the steel frame (9). An installation plate (10) is provided on the steel frame (9). A fixed frame (11) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the installation plate (10). An energy storage collaborative control box (12) and an edge calculator (13) are provided on the fixed frame (11).

2. The photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance strategy optimization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The receiving plate (1) is provided with a cross base (16), and a support telescopic column (17) is fixedly connected to the cross base (16). A connecting frame (18) is provided at the top of the support telescopic column (17), and an installation frame (30) is provided on the connecting frame (18). A photovoltaic panel (15) is provided on the installation frame (30).

3. The photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance strategy optimization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A junction box (19) is provided on one side of the support telescopic column (17), and a junction-side diagnostic box (20) is provided inside the junction box (19). A triangular base frame (21) is fixedly connected to the other side of the bottom of the support telescopic column (17). A fixing cavity (22) is provided on the triangular base frame (21), and an installation base (24) is snapped into the fixing cavity (22).

4. The photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance strategy optimization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting base (24) has a slot (25) and a buckle (23) is fixedly connected in the fixing cavity (22) at the position corresponding to the slot (25). The mounting base (24) is fixedly connected to the mounting base (26). The mounting base (24) is engaged and fixed with the triangular base frame (21) by the buckle (23). The mounting base (26) has a connecting cavity (27). A collection box (28) is snapped into the connecting cavity (27). A monitoring probe (29) is set at the top of the collection box (28). The monitoring probe (29) is snapped into the mounting base (26) through the collection box (28).

5. The optimization method of the photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance strategy optimization device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: S1, Component status acquisition; using a button-type monitoring and acquisition device composed of a monitoring probe (29) and an acquisition box (28), lossless acquisition of all-dimensional data of the photovoltaic panel (15) is achieved, improving data coverage integrity and acquisition accuracy; S2, Combiner side edge preprocessing; the directional transmission technology of the omnidirectional antenna (3) and the directional antenna (4) and the local filtering function of the combiner side diagnostic box (20) reduce data transmission redundancy and improve preprocessing efficiency; S3, Dual-dimensional strategy calculation; through the collaborative calculation of the edge calculator (13) and the computer room (2), the component power generation weight is calculated. S4, Energy Storage Collaborative Control: Based on the energy storage collaborative control box (12), the loops of photovoltaic inverter (8), energy storage battery cabinet (7), and power grid are intelligently switched to adapt to the energy dispatching needs of different power generation scenarios; S5, Closed-Loop Self-Optimization: Based on the real-time operation data fed back by the monitoring probe (29) and energy storage battery cabinet (7), the algorithm parameters are iteratively optimized to continuously adapt to the changes in the operating status of the power station; S6, Operation and Maintenance Assistance: Through the modular installation structure and redundant design carried by the steel frame (9), the continuity of operation and maintenance is ensured and the maintenance cost is reduced.

6. The photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance strategy optimization method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S1, the monitoring probe (29) collects data from the built-in optical and temperature sensing modules. The parameters include output power, voltage, current, backplate temperature, surface obstruction and hidden crack status. The acquisition frequency is in the second range. The temperature acquisition error is small and the hidden crack identification accuracy is high. The acquisition box (28) has a built-in local cache. Data can be temporarily stored when the network is disconnected and automatically retransmitted after the network is restored.

7. The photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance strategy optimization method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S2, data transmission adopts a dual-mode protocol, supports concurrent transmission of multiple acquisition boxes (28), has a low packet loss rate, and the bus side diagnostic box (20) has a built-in high-efficiency processing chip to calculate the health score of the photovoltaic panel (15), and only uploads the data of inefficient components and abnormal data to the edge calculator (13).

8. The photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance strategy optimization method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S3, the power generation weight is allocated according to the health level of the photovoltaic panel (15). High-efficiency components are given priority to access the photovoltaic inverter (8) and grid circuit, medium-efficiency components are given priority to access the photovoltaic inverter (8) and energy storage battery cabinet (7) charging circuit, and low-efficiency components are de-weighted and operated. Faults are divided into two levels: emergency isolation and scheduling maintenance according to their severity. The calculation response is rapid. The computer room (2) has a built-in industrial server as a backup calculation center. The edge calculator (13) automatically takes over when there is a fault.

9. The photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance strategy optimization method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S4, the energy storage collaborative control box (12) and the edge calculator (13) are directly connected via a bus. After receiving the calculation instructions, the built-in relay array responds quickly. In the high-efficiency power generation scenario, the photovoltaic inverter (8) and the grid circuit are connected. In the low-efficiency and insufficient light scenario, the photovoltaic inverter (8) and the energy storage battery cabinet (7) circuit are connected. In the fault scenario, the corresponding bus circuit is quickly cut off. The equipment adopts an anti-misinsertion locking design and supports hot-plug replacement. The time for a single replacement does not exceed thirty seconds.

10. The photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance strategy optimization method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S5, the power and temperature data of the photovoltaic panel (15), the SOC and charge / discharge efficiency data of the energy storage battery cabinet (7), and the grid load response data are collected every hour from the monitoring probe (29). The edge calculator (13) automatically iterates and optimizes the parameters. The health threshold is lowered by five to eight points on cloudy days, the emergency fault temperature threshold is lowered by three to five degrees when the temperature is high, and the charge / discharge current is adjusted to ±10 amps when the energy storage charging efficiency is less than 90%.

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