Multi-primary channel access operation

Abstract

The present disclosure provides methods, assemblies, devices, and systems for multi-primary channel access operations. Some aspects are more particularly directed to improving the efficiency of a multi-primary channel access scheme. In some implementations, a first wireless device may use a plurality of primary sub-channels. A first wireless device may receive first signaling indicating a first reservation of a first transmit opportunity (TXOP) for a second wireless device on a first primary channel. The first wireless device may obtain a second TXOP to transmit or receive a second signaling indicating a second reservation for the second TXOP via a second primary channel. An end time of the second TXOP may occur prior to the first reserved end time and prior to a transition delay associated with a communication event scheduled on the first subset of channels or the second subset of channels.

Description

[0001] Cross-referencing

[0002] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 485,097, filed October 11, 2023, entitled “MULTI-PRIMARYCHANNEL ACCESS OPERATION”, which has been assigned to the assignee of this application and is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to wireless communication, and more specifically, to multi-master channel access operation. Background Technology

[0004] A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) can be formed by one or more wireless access points (APs) that provide a shared wireless communication medium for use by multiple client devices (also known as wireless stations (STAs)). The basic building block of a WLAN conforming to the IEEE 802.11 standard family is the Basic Service Set (BSS) managed by the AP. Each BSS is identified by a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID) advertised by the AP. The AP periodically broadcasts beacon frames to enable any STA within the AP's wireless range to establish or maintain a communication link with the WLAN.

[0005] In some WLANs, wireless devices (such as APs or STAs) can contend for access to the wireless channel. If the wireless medium is occupied, the wireless device can switch to another wireless channel and suppress the use of the occupied channel for a certain period of time. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The systems, methods, and apparatus disclosed herein each have some innovative aspects, and no single aspect is solely responsible for the desired properties disclosed herein.

[0007] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication at a first wireless device. The method may include receiving a first signaling indicating a first reservation for a first transmission opportunity (TXOP) for a second wireless device on a first primary channel of a first bandwidth, the first bandwidth including a first plurality of channels capable of being reserved through the first primary channel, the first signaling indicating an end time of the first reservation.

[0008] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication at a first wireless device. The method may include transmitting or receiving second signaling via a second primary channel indicating a second reservation for the second TXOP. The end time of the second TXOP (such as when the first wireless device ends or terminates the second TXOP) may occur before the end time of the first reservation. Additionally or alternatively, the end time of the second TXOP may occur before a transition delay (TD) associated with communication events scheduled on a first subset or a second subset of the channel (such as one or more time intervals (epochs) where the first wireless device is expected to perform one or more functions at that time).

[0009] One innovative aspect of the subject matter disclosed in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for wireless communication at a first wireless device.

[0010] A method for wireless communication by a first wireless device is described. The method may include: receiving first signaling indicating a first reservation for a first transmission opportunity for a second wireless device on a first primary channel of a first bandwidth, the first bandwidth including a first set of multiple channels capable of being reserved via the first primary channel, the first signaling indicating an end time of the first reservation; and transmitting or receiving second signaling indicating a second reservation for a second transmission opportunity via a second primary channel, wherein the end time of the second transmission opportunity occurs before the end time of the first reservation and before the start of a transition delay associated with a communication event scheduled on one of the multiple channels in the first set or on one of the multiple channels in the second set of the multiple channels in the second bandwidth.

[0011] A first wireless device for wireless communication is described. The first wireless device may include a processing system comprising processor circuitry and memory circuitry storing code. The processing system may be configured to cause the first wireless device to: receive a first signaling indicating a first reservation for a first transmission opportunity for a second wireless device on a first primary channel of a first bandwidth, the first bandwidth including a first set of multiple channels capable of being reserved via the first primary channel, the first signaling indicating an end time of the first reservation; and transmit or receive a second signaling indicating a second reservation for a second transmission opportunity via a second primary channel, wherein the end time of the second transmission opportunity occurs before the end time of the first reservation and before the start of a transition delay associated with a communication event scheduled on one of the multiple channels in the first set or on one of the multiple channels in the second set of the multiple channels in the second bandwidth.

[0012] Another first wireless device for wireless communication is described. The first wireless device may include: means for receiving first signaling indicating a first reservation for a first transmission opportunity for a second wireless device on a first main channel of a first bandwidth, the first bandwidth including a first set of multiple channels capable of being reserved via the first main channel, the first signaling indicating an end time of the first reservation; and means for transmitting or receiving second signaling indicating a second reservation for a second transmission opportunity via a second main channel, wherein the end time of the second transmission opportunity occurs before the end time of the first reservation and before the start of a transition delay associated with a communication event scheduled on one of the multiple channels in the first set or on one of the multiple channels in the second set of the multiple channels in the second bandwidth.

[0013] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive a first signaling indicating a first reservation for a first transmission opportunity for a second wireless device on a first primary channel of a first bandwidth, the first bandwidth including a first set of multiple channels capable of being reserved via the first primary channel, the first signaling indicating an end time of the first reservation; and transmit or receive a second signaling indicating a second reservation for a second transmission opportunity via a second primary channel, wherein the end time of the second transmission opportunity occurs before the end time of the first reservation and before the start of a transition delay associated with a communication event scheduled on one of the multiple channels in the first set or on one of the multiple channels in the second set of the multiple channels in the second bandwidth.

[0014] The methods described herein, examples of the first wireless device, and some examples of non-transitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for transmitting or receiving one or more packets during the second transmission opportunity and before the end time of the second transmission opportunity, in accordance with the second signaling.

[0015] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the transition delay may be associated with a switch from the second primary channel to the first primary channel, and the communication event may be scheduled on one of the first set of multiple channels.

[0016] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the transition delay may be associated with a switch from the second primary channel to the first primary channel, and the communication event may be scheduled on one of the channels in the second set of multiple channels.

[0017] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the first set of multiple channels and the second set of multiple channels may be associated with non-simultaneous transmit and receive link pairs, enhanced multi-link single radio link sets, or enhanced multi-link multiple radio link sets.

[0018] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the transition delay may be associated with enhanced multilink single-radio transition delay or enhanced multilink multi-radio transition delay.

[0019] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the transition delay may be indicated in one or more management frames.

[0020] The methods described herein, examples of the first wireless device, and some examples of nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving a third signaling indicating a third reservation for a third transmission opportunity, wherein a second communication event may be scheduled to occur during the third transmission opportunity on one of the first set of multiple channels or on one of the second set of multiple channels; and sending a response to the second signaling, wherein the response indicates a rejection of communication for at least a portion of the third transmission opportunity.

[0021] The methods described herein, examples of the first wireless device, and some examples of nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving from the second wireless device or from the third wireless device a third signaling indicating a third reservation for a third transmission opportunity, wherein a second communication event may be scheduled to occur during the third transmission opportunity on one of the first set of multiple channels or on one of the second set of multiple channels; and sending to the second wireless device or the third wireless device an instruction for suppressing transmission during at least a portion of the third transmission opportunity.

[0022] The methods described herein, examples of the first wireless device, and some examples of nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving a third signaling indicating a third reservation for a third transmission opportunity, wherein a second communication event may be scheduled to occur during the third transmission opportunity on one of the first set of multiple channels or on one of the second set of multiple channels; and suppressing transmission of a response to the third signaling based on the second communication event being scheduled to occur during the third transmission opportunity.

[0023] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the second communication event may be a dynamic event.

[0024] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the transition delay can be zero.

[0025] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the communication event may be a target beacon transmission beam scheduled on one of the first set of multiple channels or one of the second set of multiple channels, a target wake-up time service period scheduled on one of the first set of multiple channels, or a target wake-up time service period scheduled on one of the second set of multiple channels.

[0026] In some examples of the methods, first wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the communication event may be a restricted target wake-up time service period associated with the first primary channel for the second primary channel, or a coordinated restricted target wake-up time service period associated with the first primary channel for the second primary channel.

[0027] In some examples of the methods, first wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the communication event may be a coordinated restricted target wake-up time service period associated with the first primary channel, and the methods, apparatus, and nontransitory computer-readable media may include additional operations, features, components, or instructions for sending or receiving third signaling indicating whether the communication event applies to the second primary channel, the third primary channel of the second bandwidth, or any combination thereof.

[0028] Details of one or more specific embodiments of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, drawings, and claims. Note that the relative dimensions in the following drawings may not be drawn to scale. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an example wireless communication network is shown.

[0030] Figure 2 A hierarchical format of a sample PPDU is shown that can be used for communication between a wireless AP and one or more wireless STAs.

[0031] Figure 3 An example of a resource graph supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown.

[0032] Figure 4An example of a resource graph supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown.

[0033] Figure 5 An example of a resource graph supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown.

[0034] Figure 6 An example of a resource graph supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown.

[0035] Figure 7 An example of a resource graph supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown.

[0036] Figure 8 An example of a resource graph supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown.

[0037] Figure 9 An example of a resource graph supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown.

[0038] Figure 10 An example of a resource graph supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown.

[0039] Figure 11 An example of a resource graph supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown.

[0040] Figure 12 An example of a resource graph supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown.

[0041] Figure 13 A block diagram of an example wireless communication device that supports multi-master channel access operation is shown.

[0042] Figure 14 A flowchart illustrating an example process that can be performed by or at a first wireless device that supports multi-master channel access operation is shown.

[0043] Similar reference numerals and names in the various figures indicate similar elements. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The following description refers to certain specific examples in order to illustrate the innovative aspects of this disclosure. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a variety of different ways. Some or all of the examples described can be applied in Bluetooth systems that meet the requirements of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, IEEE 802.15, or Bluetooth as defined by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). ®This can be implemented in any device, system, or network that transmits and receives radio frequency (RF) signals according to one or more of the following standards, or those published by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP): Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3G, 4G, or 5G (New Radio (NR)). The described examples can be implemented in any device, system, or network capable of transmitting and receiving RF signals according to one or more of the following technologies or techniques: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA), Rate Split Multiple Access (RSMA), Multi-User Shared Access (MUSA), Single-User (SU) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), and Multi-User (MU) MIMO (MU-MIMO). The described examples can also be implemented using other wireless communication protocols or RF signals suitable for use in one or more of the following networks: Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN), or Internet of Things (IoT).

[0045] The various aspects as a whole relate to improving the efficiency of multi-master channel access schemes. Some aspects more specifically relate to communication for a first wireless device, such as an access point (AP) or station (STA) that supports multi-master channel access and / or other operating modes, such as Enhanced Multi-Link Single Radio (EMLSR), Non-Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (NSTR), or Enhanced Multi-Link Multiple Radio (EMLMR)). In some specific implementations, the first wireless device may use multiple master sub-channels, such as a primary-primary (M-Primary) channel and an opportunistic primary (O-Primary) channel. For example, the first wireless device may receive a first signaling indicating a first reservation (such as via an Overlapping Basic Service Set (OBSS)) for a first transmission opportunity (TXOP) for a second wireless device on a first master channel (such as an M-Primary channel) of a first bandwidth. The first bandwidth may include a first set of channels.

[0046] In some implementations, the first wireless device may acquire a second TXOP to send or receive, via a second primary channel (such as an O-Primary channel), a second signaling (such as an Initial Control Frame (ICF)) indicating a second reservation for the second TXOP. The end time of the second TXOP (such as when the first wireless device ends or terminates the second TXOP) may occur before the end time of the first reservation (such as the first TXOP). Additionally or alternatively, the end time of the second TXOP may occur before the transition delay (TD) associated with a communication event scheduled on a first subset or a second subset of the channel (such as at least the duration of the TD before one or more time intervals in which the first wireless device is expected to perform one or more functions). If the communication event is scheduled on a first subset of the channel (such as on the same link), the TD may be the time spent by the first wireless device switching back from the second primary channel (such as the O-Primary channel) to the original first primary channel (such as the M-Primary channel). Additionally or alternatively, if the communication event is scheduled on a second subset of the channel (such as on another link), then TD can be the time spent by the first wireless device switching from the second primary channel to the M-Primary channel (which can be the original first primary channel or another primary channel associated with the communication event). Therefore, the first wireless device can switch from the O-Primary channel to the M-Primary channel and effectively perform one or more functions on the necessary M-Primary channel.

[0047] In some specific implementations, the described techniques enable wireless devices to perform multi-master channel access and / or other operating modes (e.g., such as EMLSR, NSTR, or EMLMR) with higher signaling efficiency, reduced latency, and lower resource overhead by timing the end of a second TXOP that occurs before the start of the TD associated with the communication event on the M-Primary channel. For example, if the end of the second TXOP occurs after the TD associated with the communication event, the first wireless device may not have sufficient time to perform one or more functions (such as transmitting or receiving beacons). Therefore, the techniques described herein can improve the overall throughput, performance, and reliability of communications within a system.

[0048] Figure 1A schematic diagram of an example wireless communication network 100 is shown. Depending on some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be an example of a wireless local area network (WLAN) (such as a Wi-Fi network). For example, the wireless communication network 100 may be a network implementing at least one of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard families (such as those defined by the IEEE 802.11-2020 specification or its revisions, including but not limited to 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az, 802.11ba, 802.11bd, 802.11be, 802.11bf, and 802.11bn). In some other examples, the wireless communication network 100 may be an example of a cellular radio access network (RAN), such as a 5G RAN or 6G RAN implementing one or more cellular protocols (such as those specified in one or more 3GPP standards). In some other examples, the wireless communication network 100 may include a WLAN that operates in an interoperable or converged manner with one or more cellular RANs to provide greater or enhanced network coverage to wireless communication devices within the wireless communication network 100, or to enable these devices to connect to the core of the cellular network, such as to access network management capabilities and functionality provided by the cellular network core.

[0049] The wireless communication network 100 may include numerous wireless communication devices, including at least one wireless access point (AP) 102 and any number of wireless stations (STAs) 104. Although Figure 1 Only one AP 102 is shown, but the wireless communication network 100 may include multiple APs 102. AP 102 may be or represent various different types of network entities, including but not limited to home networking APs, enterprise APs, single-band APs, dual-band synchronous (DBS) APs, tri-band synchronous (TBS) APs, standalone APs, non-standalone APs, software-enabled APs (software APs), and multi-link APs (also known as AP multi-link devices (MLDs)), as well as cellular (such as 3GPP, 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G) base stations or other cellular network nodes (such as Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), gNB, Transmit Receive Point (TRP)) or another type of equipment or apparatus included in the radio access network (RAN), including open RAN (O-RAN) network entities such as central units (CUs), distributed units (DUs), or radio units (RUs).

[0050] Each STA 104 may also be referred to as a mobile station (MS), mobile device, mobile phone, wireless phone, access terminal (AT), user equipment (UE), subscriber station (SS), or subscriber unit, etc. STA 104 can represent a variety of devices, such as mobile phones, other handheld or wearable communication devices, netbooks, laptops, tablets, laptops, Chromebooks, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR), or extended reality (XR) wireless headsets or other peripherals, wireless earbuds, other wearable devices, display devices (such as TVs, computer monitors, or video game consoles), video game controllers, navigation systems, music or other audio or stereo devices, remote control devices, printers, kitchen appliances (including smart refrigerators) or other home appliances, remote keys (such as those for passive keyless entry and start (PKES) systems), Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and vehicles, etc.

[0051] A single AP 102 and its associated set of STA 104s may be referred to as a Basic Service Set (BSS), which is managed by the respective AP 102. Figure 1 Additionally, an example coverage area 108 of AP 102 is shown, which may represent the Basic Service Area (BSA) of wireless communication network 100. The BSA can be identified by STA 104 and other devices via a Service Set Identifier (SSID) and a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID), which may be the Media Access Control (MAC) address of AP 102. AP 102 may periodically broadcast beacon frames (“beacons”) including the BSSID to enable any STA 104 within the wireless range of AP 102 to “associate” or reassociate with AP 102 to establish or maintain a corresponding communication link 106 (also referred to hereinafter as a “Wi-Fi link”) with AP 102. For example, the beacon may include an identifier or indication of the primary channel used by the corresponding AP 102, and a Timing Synchronization Function (TSF) for establishing or maintaining timing synchronization with AP 102. AP 102 can provide access to external networks to each STA 104 in the wireless communication network 100 via the corresponding communication link 106.

[0052] To establish a communication link 106 with AP 102, each STA 104 is configured to perform passive or active scanning operations (“scans”) on frequency channels in one or more frequency bands (such as 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, 45 GHz, or 60 GHz bands). To perform a passive scan, STA 104 listens for beacons transmitted by the corresponding AP 102 at periodic time intervals (referred to as the Target Beacon Transmission Time (TBTT)). To perform an active scan, STA 104 generates probe requests and transmits these requests sequentially on each channel to be scanned, and listens for probe responses from AP 102. Each STA 104 can identify, determine, detect, or select an AP 102 to associate with based on the scanning information obtained through passive or active scanning, and performs authentication and association operations to establish a communication link 106 with the selected AP 102. The selected AP 102 assigns an association identifier (AID) to STA 104 at the end of the association operation, and AP 102 uses the association identifier (AID) to track STA 104.

[0053] As wireless networks become increasingly prevalent, STA 104 may have the opportunity to choose from one of many BSSs within its range or from multiple APs 102 that together form an Extended Service Set (ESS) (comprising multiple connected BSSs). For example, wireless communication network 100 may be connected to a wired or wireless distribution system capable of connecting multiple APs 102 in such an ESS. Thus, STA 104 may be covered by more than one AP 102 and may be associated with different APs 102 at different times for different transmissions. Additionally, after associating with an AP 102, STA 104 may periodically scan its surroundings to find a more suitable AP 102 to associate with. For example, STA 104 moving relative to its associated AP 102 may perform a “roaming” scan to find another AP 102 with more desirable network characteristics, such as a larger Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) or reduced traffic load.

[0054] In some implementations, STA 104 may form a network without AP 102 or any other equipment besides STA 104 itself. An example of such a network is an ad hoc network (or wireless ad hoc network). Ad hoc networks may also be referred to as mesh networks or peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. In some implementations, ad hoc networks may be implemented within a larger network, such as wireless communication network 100. In such examples, while STA 104 may be able to communicate with each other via communication link 106 through AP 102, STA 104 may also communicate directly with each other via direct wireless communication link 110. Additionally, two STA 104 may communicate via direct communication link 110, regardless of whether the two STA 104 are associated with and served by the same AP 102. In such ad hoc systems, one or more STAs among STA 104 may assume the role played by AP 102 in the BSS. Such STA 104 may be referred to as the group owner (GO) and may coordinate transmissions within the ad hoc network. Examples of direct wireless communication links 110 include Wi-Fi direct connections, connections established by using Wi-Fi Tunneling Direct Link Establishment (TDLS) links, and other P2P group connections.

[0055] In some networks, AP 102 or STA 104, or both, can support applications associated with high throughput or low latency requirements, or provide lossless audio to one or more other devices. For example, AP 102 or STA 104 can support applications and use cases associated with ultra-low latency (ULL), such as ULL gaming, or streaming lossless audio and video to one or more personal audio devices (such as peripherals) or AR / VR / MR / XR headsets. In scenarios where a user uses two or more peripherals, AP 102 or STA 104 can support extended personal audio networks that enable communication with these two or more peripherals. Additionally, AP 102 and STA 104 can support additional ULL applications with ULL and high throughput requirements, such as cloud-based applications (such as VR cloud gaming).

[0056] As indicated above, in some implementations, AP 102 and STA 104 may operate and communicate according to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol family of standards (via the corresponding communication link 106). These standards define WLAN radio and baseband protocols for the physical (PHY) layer and MAC layer. AP 102 and STA 104 transmit and receive wireless communications to and from each other in the form of PHY Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) (also referred to below as "Wi-Fi communication" or "wireless packets").

[0057] Each PPDU is a composite structure comprising a PHY preamble and a payload in the form of a PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU). The information provided in the preamble can be used by the receiving device to decode subsequent data in the PSDU. In instances where the PPDU is transmitted on a bound channel or a wideband channel, the preamble field may be copied and transmitted in each of the multiple component channels. The PHY preamble may include both a legacy portion (or "legacy preamble") and a non-legacy portion (or "non-legacy preamble"). The legacy preamble can be used for other purposes such as packet detection, automatic gain control, and channel estimation. The legacy preamble is also typically used to maintain compatibility with legacy equipment. The format, decoding, and information provided in the non-legacy portion of the preamble are associated with the specific IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol to be used to transmit the payload.

[0058] AP 102 and STA 104 in the WLAN wireless communication network 100 can transmit PPDUs on unlicensed spectrum, which may be a portion of the spectrum including frequency bands traditionally used by Wi-Fi technologies, such as the 2.4 GHz band, 5 GHz band, 6 GHz band, 45 GHz band, and 60 GHz band. Some examples of AP 102 and STA 104 described herein can also communicate in other frequency bands that can support both licensed and unlicensed communication. For example, AP 102 or STA 104, or both, may also be able to communicate on licensed operating frequency bands, where multiple operators may have corresponding licenses to operate in the same or overlapping frequency ranges. Such licensed operating frequency bands may be specified or associated with frequency ranges mapped to or associated with FR1 (410MHz to 7.125GHz), FR2 (24.25GHz to 52.6GHz), FR3 (7.125GHz to 24.25GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6GHz to 71GHz), FR4 (52.6GHz to 114.25GHz), and FR5 (114.25GHz to 300GHz).

[0059] Each of these frequency bands may include multiple sub-bands and frequency channels (also referred to as sub-channels). For example, PPDUs conforming to revisions of the IEEE 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, 802.11be, and 802.11bn standards may be transmitted on one or more of the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz frequency bands, each of which is divided into multiple 20 MHz channels. Thus, these PPDUs are transmitted on physical channels with a minimum bandwidth of 20 MHz, but larger channels can be formed through channel bonding. For example, PPDUs may be transmitted on physical channels with bandwidths of 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, 240 MHz, 320 MHz, 480 MHz, or 640 MHz by bonding multiple 20 MHz channels together.

[0060] In some specific implementations, the AP 102 or STA 104 of the wireless communication network 100 can achieve extremely high throughput (EHT) or other characteristics conforming to current and future generations of IEEE 802.11 family of wireless communication protocol standards (such as the IEEE 802.11be and 802.11bn revisions) to provide additional capabilities superior to other prior systems (e.g., high-efficiency (HE) systems or other legacy systems). For example, the IEEE 802.11be revision introduces a 320MHz channel, which is twice the width of the channel achievable by the IEEE 802.11ax revision. Therefore, the AP 102 or STA 104 can use the 320MHz channel to achieve twice the throughput and network capacity, as well as rate and range gains at high data rates due to the trade-off between linear bandwidth and logarithmic SNR. EHT and newer wireless communication protocols (such as those known as the IEEE 802.11bn standard revision or related protocols) support flexible operating bandwidth enhancements, such as broadened operating bandwidths or finer-grained operation relative to older operating bandwidths. For example, EHT systems can allow communication across operating bandwidths of 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, 160MHz, 240MHz, and 320MHz. EHT systems can support various bandwidth modes, such as a continuous 240MHz bandwidth mode, a continuous 320MHz bandwidth mode, a non-contiguous 160+160MHz bandwidth mode, or a non-contiguous 80+80+80+80 (or "4x80") MHz bandwidth mode.

[0061] In some examples where the wireless communication device (such as AP 102 or STA 104) operates in a continuous 320MHz bandwidth mode or a 160+160MHz bandwidth mode, the signal used for transmission may be generated by two different transmit chains of the wireless communication device, each with or associated with a 160MHz bandwidth (and each transmit chain coupled to a different power amplifier). In some other examples, two transmit chains may be used to support a 240MHz / 160+80MHz bandwidth mode by puncturing the 320MHz / 160+160MHz bandwidth mode with one or more 80MHz sub-channels. For example, the signal used for transmission may be generated by two different transmit chains of the wireless communication device, each with a 160MHz bandwidth, one of which outputs a signal with 80MHz sub-channels punctured within it. In some other examples where the wireless communication device can operate in a continuous 240MHz bandwidth mode or a non-continuous 160+80MHz bandwidth mode, the signal used for transmission may be generated by three different transmit chains of the wireless communication device, each with an 80MHz bandwidth. In some other examples, the signal used for transmission may be generated by four or more different transmission chains of a wireless communication device, each with a bandwidth of 80 MHz.

[0062] In discontinuous examples, the operating bandwidth can span one or more completely different sets of subchannels. For example, a 320 MHz bandwidth can be continuous and located in the same 6 GHz band, or it can be discontinuous and located in different bands or different regions within a band (such as partially located in the 5 GHz band and partially located in the 6 GHz band).

[0063] In some specific implementations, AP 102 or STA 104 may benefit from operability enhancements associated with EHT and the next-generation IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol family of standards. For example, AP 102 or STA 104 attempting to gain access to the wireless medium of wireless communication network 100 may perform techniques such as free channel assessment (CCA) operations based on EHT enhancements (such as increased bandwidth, puncturing, or refinement of carrier sense and signal reporting mechanisms), which may include modifications to existing rules, structures, or signaling implemented for legacy systems.

[0064] According to some aspects of this disclosure, a first wireless device (such as AP 102 or STA 104) may receive a first signaling (e.g., OBSS transmission) indicating a first reservation for a first TXOP for a second wireless device (such as STA 104 or AP 102) on a first primary channel (such as an O-Primary channel). The first primary channel may correspond to a first bandwidth comprising a first set of channels. The wireless device (such as the first wireless device, the second wireless device, or both) may reserve the first primary channel. The first wireless device may transmit or receive a second signaling (e.g., a short frame, an initial control frame (ICF)) indicating a second reservation for a second TXOP via a second primary channel (such as an M-Primary channel). The end time of the second TXOP (such as when the first wireless device ends or terminates the second TXOP) may occur before the end time of the first TXOP. Additionally or alternatively, the end time of the second TXOP may occur before the start of a TD associated with a communication event (such as one or more time intervals). The communication event may be scheduled on a first subset or a second subset of the channels. Therefore, the first wireless device can switch from the O-Primary channel to the M-Primary channel (which may be the original M-Primary channel associated with a first subset of the channels or another M-Primary channel associated with a second subset of the channels) and perform one or more functions on the M-Primary channel.

[0065] Figure 2 A hierarchical format of an example PPDU capable of being used for communication between a wireless AP and one or more wireless STAs is shown. For example, the AP and STA can be references. Figure 1Examples of AP 102 and STA 104 described. As described, each PPDU 200 includes a PHY preamble 202 and a PSDU 204. Each PSDU 204 may represent (or “carry”) one or more MAC Protocol Data Units (MPDUs) 216. For example, each PSDU 204 may carry an aggregated MPDU (A-MPDU) 206, which includes an aggregation of multiple A-MPDU subframes 208. Each A-MPDU subframe 206 may include an MPDU frame 210 that includes a MAC delimiter 212 and a MAC header 214 preceding the accompanying MPDU 216, which includes the data portion (“payload” or “frame body”) of the MPDU frame 210. Each MPDU frame 210 may also include a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field 218 for error detection (e.g., the FCS field may include Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)) and padding bits 220. MPDU 216 may carry one or more MAC Service Data Units (MSDUs) 216. For example, MPDU 216 may carry an aggregated MSDU (A-MSDU) 222, which comprises multiple A-MSDU subframes 224. Each A-MSDU subframe 224 contains a corresponding MSDU 230, which is preceded by a subframe header 228 and, in some cases, followed by padding bits 232.

[0066] Returning to reference MPDU frame 210, MAC delimiter 212 can be used as a marker to indicate the start of associated MPDU 216 and the length of associated MPDU 216. MAC header 214 may include multiple fields containing information defining or indicating the characteristics or attributes of the data encapsulated within frame body 216. MAC header 214 includes a duration field indicating the duration from the end of the PPDU to at least the end of the acknowledgment (ACK) or block ACK (BA) for that PPDU to be sent by the receiving wireless communication device. The use of the duration field is to reserve the radio medium for the indicated duration and to enable the receiving device to establish its Network Allocation Vector (NAV). MAC header 214 also includes one or more fields indicating the address of the data encapsulated within frame body 216. For example, MAC header 214 may include a combination of source address, transmitter address, receiver address, or destination address. MAC header 214 may also include a frame control field containing control information. The frame control field may specify the frame type, such as a data frame, control frame, or management frame.

[0067] Access to a shared wireless medium is typically managed by a Distributed Coordination Function (DCF). With DCF, there is generally no centralized master device allocating time and frequency resources for the shared wireless medium. Instead, a wireless communication device (such as an AP102 or STA104) can wait for a specific time before being granted permission to transmit data and subsequently contend for access to the wireless medium. DCF is implemented using time intervals, including time slot times (or “time slot intervals”) and inter-frame gaps (IFS). IFS provides priority access for control frames used for appropriate network operation. Transmission can begin at time slot boundaries. Different variations of IFS exist, including Short IFS (SIFS), Distributed IFS (DIFS), Extended IFS (EIFS), and Arbitrated IFS (AIFS). Values ​​for time slot times and IFS can be provided by appropriate standard specifications, such as one or more of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol family.

[0068] In some specific implementations, wireless communication devices (such as AP 102 or STA 104) can achieve DCF using Carrier-Sensed Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CA) (CSMA / CA) technology. According to this technology, before transmitting data, the wireless communication device can perform an idle channel assessment (CCA) and determine (such as identifying, detecting, probing, calculating, or computed) whether the relevant wireless channel is idle. CCA includes both physical (PHY-level) carrier sensing and virtual (MAC-level) carrier sensing. Physical carrier sensing is accomplished by measuring the received signal strength of a valid frame, which is then compared to a threshold to determine (such as identifying, detecting, probing, calculating, or computed) whether the channel is busy. For example, if the received signal strength of the detected preamble is higher than a threshold, the medium is considered busy. Physical carrier sensing also includes energy detection. Energy detection involves measuring the total energy received by the wireless communication device, regardless of whether the received signal represents a valid frame. If the detected total energy is higher than a threshold, the medium is considered busy.

[0069] Virtual carrier sensing is implemented using a Network Allocation Vector (NAV), which effectively serves as the elapsed time before a wireless communication device can contend for access, even in the absence of detected symbols or even when the detected energy is below a relevant threshold. The NAV is reset each time a valid frame not addressed to the wireless communication device is received. When the NAV reaches 0, the wireless communication device performs physical carrier sensing. If the channel remains idle for an appropriate IFS (Initial Frequency Segmentation), the wireless communication device initiates a backoff timer, which represents the elapsed time before the device senses that the medium is idle before being allowed to transmit. If the channel remains idle until the backoff timer expires, the wireless communication device becomes the owner (or "owner") of a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) and can begin transmitting. A TXOP is the elapsed time after the wireless communication device has "won" contention for the wireless medium and can transmit frames on the channel. The TXOP duration can be indicated in the U-SIG field of the PPDU. Conversely, if one or more carrier sensing mechanisms in the carrier sensing mechanism indicate that the channel is busy, the MAC controller within the wireless communication device will not allow transmission.

[0070] Each time a wireless communication device generates a new PPDU for transmission in a new TXOP, it randomly selects a new backoff timer duration. The available distribution of numbers that can be randomly selected for the backoff timer is called the contention window (CW). Different CW and TXOP durations exist for each of the following four access classes (AC): Voice (AC_VO), Video (AC_VI), Background (AC_BK), and Best Effort (AC_BE). This allows for prioritizing specific types of traffic within the network.

[0071] In some other examples, wireless communication devices (such as AP 102 or STA 104) may contend for access to the wireless medium of WLAN 100 according to an Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) procedure. Random channel access mechanisms (such as EDCA) can provide a greater probability of high-priority traffic gaining medium access than low-priority traffic. Wireless communication devices using EDCA can classify data into different access categories. Each AC can be associated with a different priority level and can be assigned a different range of random backoff (RBO), making higher-priority data more likely to win TXOPs (e.g., by assigning a lower RBO to higher-priority data and a higher RBO to lower-priority data). Although EDCA increases the probability that low-latency data traffic will gain access to the shared wireless medium during a given contention period, the unpredictable outcome of medium access contention operations may prevent low-latency applications from achieving specific levels of throughput or meeting specific latency requirements.

[0072] Some APs and STAs (such as references) Figure 1 The described AP 102 and STA 104 implement techniques for spatial reuse involving coordinated communication schemes. According to such techniques, AP 102 can contend for access to a radio medium to gain control of that medium for use in the TXOP. The AP that wins the contention (also referred to hereinafter as the "sharing AP") can select one or more other APs (also referred to hereinafter as the "shared AP") to share the TXOP's resources. The sharing AP and the shared APs can be located close to each other such that at least some of their radio coverage areas at least partially overlap. Some examples may specifically involve coordinated AP TDMA or OFDMA techniques for sharing time or frequency resources of the TXOP. To share the time or frequency resources of the TXOP, the sharing AP can divide the TXOP into multiple time segments or frequency segments, each time segment or frequency segment including a corresponding time or frequency resource representing a portion of the TXOP. The sharing AP can allocate the time or frequency segment to itself or to one or more of the shared APs. For example, each shared AP can use a portion of the TXOPs assigned by the shared AP to perform uplink or downlink communication with its associated STA.

[0073] In some examples of such TDMA technologies, each of the multiple sections of the TXOP includes a set of time resources that do not overlap with any time resources of any other section of the TXOP. In such examples, scheduling information may include indications of the time resources associated with each section of the TXOP among the multiple time resources. For example, scheduling information may include indications of time segments of the TXOP (such as indications of one or more time slots or sets of symbol periods associated with each section of the TXOP), such as for use in multi-user TDMA.

[0074] In some examples of OFDMA technology, each of the multiple sections of a TXOP includes a set of frequency resources that do not overlap with any frequency resources of any other section. In such examples, scheduling information may include indications of the frequency resources associated with each section of the TXOP. For example, scheduling information may include indications of bandwidth portions of a radio channel (such as indications of one or more sub-channels or resource elements associated with each section of the TXOP), such as for use in multi-user OFDMA.

[0075] In this manner, the acquisition of TXOPs by a shared AP enables communication between one or more additional shared APs and their respective BSSs with appropriate power control and link adaptation. For example, the sharing AP can limit the transmit power of a selected shared AP so that interference from the selected AP does not prevent the STA associated with the TXOP owner from successfully decoding packets transmitted by the shared AP. Such techniques can be used to reduce latency because other APs can transmit and receive data according to conventional CSMA / CA or Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) techniques without waiting to win contention for the TXOP. Additionally, by enabling a group of APs 102 associated with different BSSs to participate in a coordinated AP transmission session, during which the group of APs can share at least a portion of a single TXOP acquired by any of the participating APs, such techniques can increase throughput on the BSSs associated with the participating APs and also improve throughput fairness. Furthermore, through the appropriate selection of shared APs and the scheduling of their respective time or frequency resources, media utilization can be maximized or otherwise increased, while packet loss caused by OBSS interference is minimized or otherwise reduced. Various implementations can achieve these and other advantages without requiring the sharing AP or the AP being shared to know about the STA 104 associated with other BSSs, without requiring pre-assigned or dedicated master APs or pre-assigned AP groups, and without requiring backhaul coordination between APs participating in TXOP.

[0076] In some examples where the signal strength or interference level associated with the selected AP is relatively low (e.g., less than a given value), or when the decoding error rate of the selected AP is relatively low (e.g., less than a threshold), the start time of communication between different BSSs can be synchronized. Conversely, when the signal strength or interference level associated with the selected AP is relatively high (e.g., greater than a given value), or when the decoding error rate of the selected AP is relatively high (e.g., greater than a threshold), the start time can be offset from each other by a time period associated with decoding the preamble of the radio packet and determining whether the radio packet is an intra-BSS packet or an OBSS packet based on the decoded preamble. For example, the time period between the transmission of an intra-BSS packet and the transmission of an OBSS packet can allow the corresponding AP (or its associated STA) to decode the preamble of the radio packet and obtain the BSS color value carried in the radio packet to determine whether the radio packet is an intra-BSS packet or an OBSS packet. In this way, each of the participating APs and its associated STAs can be able to receive and decode intra-BSS packets in the presence of OBSS interference.

[0077] In some implementations, a shared AP may perform polling of a set of unmanaged or non-co-managed APs that support coordinated reuse to identify candidates for future space reuse opportunities. For example, a shared AP may send one or more space reuse polling frames to determine one or more space reuse criteria and select one or more other APs as part of the shared APs. Based on the polling, the shared AP may receive responses from one or more of the polled APs. In some specific examples, the shared AP may send a Coordinating AP TXOP Indication (CTI) frame to other APs, indicating the time and frequency of resources for a shareable TXOP. The shared AP may select one or more candidate APs upon receiving a Coordinating AP TXOP Request (CTR) frame from the corresponding candidate AP, indicating that the corresponding AP expects to participate in the TXOP. The polling response or CTR frame may include power indications, such as received (RX) power or RSSI measured by the corresponding AP. In some other examples, the shared AP may directly measure potential interference with services (such as UL transmission) supported at one or more APs and select the shared APs based on the measured potential interference. A shared AP typically selects another AP to participate in coordinated space reuse, allowing it to still protect its own outgoing traffic and transmissions from STAs in its BSS (these transmissions may be referred to as primary transmissions). Resources can then be allocated to the selected AP during TXOP, as described above.

[0078] Retransmission protocols such as Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) can also provide performance gains. HARQ protocols can support both transmitting and receiving wireless communication devices (such as reference ciphers). Figure 1 The various HARQ signaling between AP 102 and STA 104, as well as the signaling between the PHY and MAC layers, described herein, improve retransmission operations in WLAN. HARQ uses a combination of error detection and error correction. For example, HARQ transmission may include adding error detection bits to the data to be transmitted using error detection (ED) codes such as Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC). The error detection bits can be used by the receiving device to determine whether the receiving device has correctly decoded the received HARQ transmission. In some specific implementations, forward error correction (FEC) codes (such as a low-density parity check (LDPC) decoding scheme that uses systematic encoding of information bits to produce parity bits) may be used to encode the raw data (information bits) to be transmitted. The transmitting device may send both the raw information bits and the parity bits to the receiving device in a HARQ transmission. The receiving device may be able to use the parity bits to correct errors in the information bits, thereby avoiding retransmission.

[0079] Implementing the HARQ protocol in a WLAN improves the reliability of data transmitted from a transmitting device to a receiving device. The HARQ protocol supports the establishment of a HARQ session between two devices. Once a HARQ session is established, if the receiving device cannot correctly decode a first HARQ transmission received from the transmitting device (and cannot correct errors), the receiving device can send a HARQ feedback message (e.g., a negative acknowledgment (NACK)) to the transmitting device. This HARQ feedback message indicates that at least a portion of the first HARQ transmission was not correctly decoded. Such a HARQ feedback message may differ from the traditional block ACK feedback message type associated with regular ARQ. In response to receiving a HARQ feedback message, the transmitting device can send a second HARQ transmission to the receiving device to convey at least a portion that further assists the receiving device in decoding the first HARQ transmission. For example, the transmitting device may include some or all of the original information bits, some or all of the original parity bits, and other different parity bits in the second HARQ transmission. The combined HARQ transmissions can be processed for decoding and error correction, allowing the complete signal associated with the HARQ transmission to be obtained.

[0080] In some implementations, the receiving device can control whether to continue the HARQ process or revert to a non-HARQ retransmission scheme (such as the Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) protocol). By allowing the device to dynamically switch between ARQ and HARQ protocols during frame exchange, such switching reduces feedback overhead and increases retransmission flexibility. Some implementations may also allow the multiplexing of ARQ-based and HARQ-based communications.

[0081] Some wireless communication devices (including both AP and STA, such as reference) Figure 1The described AP 102 and STA 104 are capable of multi-link operation (MLO). In some specific implementations, MLO supports establishing multiple distinct communication links (such as a first link in the 2.4 GHz band, a second link in the 5 GHz band, and a third link in the 6 GHz band) between STA 104 and AP 102, and concurrently and dynamically exchanging packets on one or more communication links. Each communication link may support one or more sets of channels or logical entities. In some examples, each communication link associated with a given wireless communication device may be associated with a corresponding radio component of the wireless communication device, which may include one or more transmit / receive (Tx / Rx) chains, including or coupled to one or more physical antennas, or including other components such as signal processing components. A device with MLO capability may be referred to as a multi-link device (MLD). An MLD may include a single upper MAC layer and may include, for example, three independent lower MAC layers and three associated independent PHY layers for the corresponding links in the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz bands. This architecture can implement a single association process and security context. AP MLDs may include multiple APs, each configured to communicate with a corresponding STA among a plurality of STAs 104 that are not AP MLDs (also referred to as "STA MLDs") on a respective communication link. STA MLDs may communicate with AP MLDs at a given time via one or more of the multiple communication links. MLDs may independently contend for access on each of the communication links, which reduces latency by enabling the MLD to send its packets on the first communication link that becomes available.

[0082] Another feature of MLO is traffic steering and QoS characterization, which achieves latency reduction and other QoS enhancements by mapping traffic flows with different latency or other requirements to different links. For example, traffic with low latency requirements can be mapped to radio links operating in the 6 GHz band, and more latency-tolerant traffic can be mapped to radio links operating in the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz bands.

[0083] One type of MLO is Alternating Multiple Link, where an MLD can simultaneously listen to two different high-performance channels. When an MLD has traffic to transmit, it can use the first channel with access opportunities (such as TXOP). Although an MLD may only use one channel for receiving or transmitting at a time, having access opportunities on two different channels provides low latency during network congestion.

[0084] Another type of MLO is Multi-Link Aggregation (MLA), where traffic associated with a single STA 104 is transmitted simultaneously and in parallel across multiple communication links to maximize the utilization of available resources, thereby achieving higher throughput. This is similar to carrier aggregation in cellular space. That is, during at least some time durations, transmissions or portions of transmissions can occur simultaneously and in parallel through two or more links. In some implementations, the parallel wireless communication links may support synchronous transmissions. In some other examples, or during some other time durations, transmissions via links may be parallel, but not synchronous or concurrent. In some examples or time durations, two or more of these links may be used for communication between wireless communication devices in the same direction (such as all uplinks or all downlinks). In some other examples or time durations, two or more of these links may be used for communication in different directions. For example, one or more links may support uplink communication, and one or more links may support downlink communication. In such examples, at least one of the wireless communication devices operates in full-duplex mode. Generally speaking, full-duplex operation enables bidirectional communication, in which at least one wireless communication device can simultaneously transmit and receive.

[0085] MLA can be implemented in several ways. In some implementations, MLA can be packet-based. For packet-based aggregation, frames of a single service stream (such as all services associated with a given service identifier (TID)) can be transmitted concurrently across multiple communication links. In some other examples, MLA can be stream-based. For stream-based aggregation, a single available communication link from among multiple available communication links can be used to transmit each service stream (such as all services associated with a given TID). As an example, a single STA MLD can access a web browser while streaming video in parallel. Services associated with web browser access can be communicated via a first communication link, while services associated with the video stream can be communicated in parallel via a second communication link (such that at least some of the data can be transmitted concurrently on the first channel with the data transmitted on the second channel).

[0086] In some other examples, MLA can be implemented as a hybrid of flow-based and packet-based aggregation. For example, MLD can employ flow-based aggregation when multiple traffic flows are created, and packet-based aggregation in other cases. The determination of switching between MLA techniques or modes may additionally or alternatively be correlated with other metrics, such as time of day, traffic load within the network, or battery level of wireless communication devices, and other factors or considerations.

[0087] To support MLO technology, the AP MLD and STA MLD can exchange information about supported MLO capabilities (such as supported aggregation types or supported frequency bands, etc.). In some implementations, this exchange can occur via beacon signals, probe requests or responses, association request or response frames, dedicated action frames or Operation Mode Indicators (OMIs), and other examples. In some implementations, the AP MLD can designate a given channel in a given frequency band as an anchor channel (such as a channel on which the AP MLD transmits beacons and other management frames). In such examples, the AP MLD may also transmit beacons (such as beacons containing less information) on other channels for discovery purposes.

[0088] MLO technology can provide several benefits to wireless communication network 100. For example, MLO can improve user-aware throughput (UPT) (e.g., by rapidly refreshing the per-user transmit queue). Similarly, MLO can improve throughput by improving the utilization of available channels and can increase spectrum utilization (e.g., by increasing the bandwidth-time product). Furthermore, MLO can enable smooth transitions between multi-band radio components (e.g., where each radio component can be associated with a given RF band) or implement a framework for separating control and data channels. Other benefits of MLO include reduced modem power-on time, which can benefit wireless communication devices in terms of power consumption. Another benefit of MLO is increased multiplexing opportunities in the case of a single BSS. For example, multi-link aggregation can increase the number of users transmitted per multiplexed segment served by a multi-link AP MLD.

[0089] According to some aspects of this disclosure, a first wireless device (such as AP 102 or STA 104) may receive a first signaling (e.g., OBSS transmission) indicating a first reservation for a first TXOP for a second wireless device (such as STA 104 or AP 102) on a first primary channel (such as an O-Primary channel). The first primary channel may be associated with a first bandwidth comprising a first set of channels (e.g., a 160MHz bandwidth comprising channels P20, S20, S40, and S80, such as...). Figure 2Corresponding to (as shown). A wireless device (such as a first wireless device, a second wireless device, or both) may reserve a first primary channel. The first wireless device may send or receive second signaling indicating a second reservation for a second TXOP via a second primary channel (such as an M-Primary channel). The end time of the second TXOP (such as when the first wireless device ends or terminates the second TXOP) may occur before the end time of the first TXOP. Additionally or alternatively, the end time of the second TXOP may occur before the start of a TD associated with a communication event (such as one or more time intervals). The communication event may be scheduled on a first subset or a second subset of the channels. Thus, the first wireless device may switch from an O-Primary channel to an M-Primary channel (which may be the original M-Primary channel associated with the first subset of the channels or another M-Primary channel associated with the second subset of the channels) and perform one or more functions on the M-Primary channel.

[0090] Figure 3 An example of resource graph 300 supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown. Resource graph 300 can be implemented as referenced. Figure 1 The aspects of the wireless communication network 100 shown and described may be implemented by these aspects. For example, some aspects of resource figure 300 may be implemented by a wireless STA (such as reference STA). Figure 1 The described STA 104 is implemented, and other or similar aspects of resource diagram 300 can be implemented by a wireless AP (such as reference STA 104). Figure 1 The described AP 102) implementation.

[0091] As described in this article, some wireless networks support multiple primary channel access. For example, some wireless networks can support bandwidths up to 160MHz or 320MHz. Within these large bandwidths, a 20MHz channel can be designated as the primary channel.

[0092] In some implementations, one or more wireless devices may contend for access to a first subchannel (such as the primary channel). Once a wireless device gains access to the first subchannel (e.g., initiates communication within that subchannel), additional communication between that wireless device and another wireless device may occur across additional subchannels (such as those other than the primary channel). That is, access to an additional subchannel may depend on access to the primary channel. However, if the first subchannel is occupied by other communication (such as by OBSS or by transmissions from another BSS STA), the wireless device may not be able to use the remaining portion of its operating bandwidth for communication. In other words, the primary channel and (therefore) the remaining bandwidth may be unavailable for communication. The remaining portion of the operating bandwidth may be idle (leaving the bandwidth unused), resulting in delayed communication between wireless devices and leading to lower throughput and longer latency.

[0093] According to some aspects of this disclosure, a first wireless device (such as AP 102 or STA 104) may receive a first signaling indicating a first reservation for a first TXOP for a second wireless device (such as STA 104 or AP 102) on a first primary channel (such as an M-Primary channel). The first primary channel may correspond to a first bandwidth including a first subset of the channels. The wireless device (such as the first wireless device, the second wireless device, or both) may reserve the first primary channel. The first wireless device may send or receive a second signaling indicating a second reservation for a second TXOP via a second primary channel (such as an O-Primary channel). The end time of the second TXOP (such as when the first wireless device ends or terminates the second TXOP) may occur before the end time of the first TXOP. Additionally or alternatively, the end time of the second TXOP may occur before the start of a TD associated with a communication event (such as one or more time intervals). The communication event may be scheduled on a first subset or a second subset of the channels. Therefore, the first wireless device can switch from the O-Primary channel to the M-Primary channel (which may be the original M-Primary channel associated with a first subset of the channels or another M-Primary channel associated with a second subset of the channels) and perform one or more functions on the M-Primary channel.

[0094] Figure 4 An example of resource graph 400 supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown. Resource graph 400 can be implemented as referenced. Figure 1 and Figure 3 The aspects of the wireless communication network 100 or resource diagram 300 shown and described may be implemented by these aspects. For example, some aspects of resource diagram 400 may be implemented by wireless STAs (such as reference STAs). Figure 1The described STA 104 is implemented, and other or similar aspects of resource diagram 400 can be implemented by a wireless AP (such as reference STA 104). Figure 1 The described AP 102) implementation.

[0095] As described herein, some wireless networks support multiple primary channel access. Devices supporting Ultra-Reliable Response (UHR) communication may be able to monitor an additional 20MHz channel within the operating bandwidth. Monitoring can be sequential (e.g., when a 20MHz channel is found to be busy, the UHR device can switch to the next 20MHz channel) or parallel (e.g., the UHR device can monitor each 20MHz channel simultaneously). As described herein, the primary channel may be referred to as the M-Primary channel. The additional sub-channel may be referred to as the O-Primary channel. The M-Primary is used as the primary channel and can also be used for beacon transmission, serving legacy clients, etc. The O-Primary enables opportunistic access on underutilized sub-channels. In some implementations, wireless devices may not be able to use both the M-Primary and O-Primary for simultaneous transmission and reception. In other implementations, frequency separation can be used to support simultaneous Tx / Rx (e.g., using multiple receive chains).

[0096] As described herein, some wireless networks (such as Wireless Network 100) may support EMLSR APs. Wireless devices supporting UHR communication may be able to monitor multiple links configured for an associated AP. Monitoring can be sequential or parallel. As described herein, one of the channels may be a channel associated with the AP's primary link. Additional channels may be associated with the AP's non-primary (or secondary) links. The primary link (also referred to herein as the M-Primary link) may be used for beacon transmission, serving legacy clients, etc. Non-primary links (also referred to herein as O-Primary links) enable opportunistic access on underutilized sub-channels. In some implementations, wireless devices may not be able to use both the primary and non-primary links for simultaneous transmission and reception. In other implementations, frequency separation may be used to support simultaneous Tx / Rx (e.g., using multiple receive chains). Although the concepts described below are explained in the context of multi-primary-channel access, the described techniques are also applicable to EMLSR AP systems.

[0097] In some implementations, multi-master access is enabled by an additional radio component. However, in other implementations, these features can be enabled without an additional radio component. If an additional radio component is available, its use is not prevented. Therefore, multi-master features can be used with or without an additional radio component in a UHR. Some implementations described herein may assume the absence of an additional radio component at the UHR device. To support multi-master channel access without an additional radio component, the transmitter and receiver can scan the master channels sequentially as follows: starting with M-Primary; if M-Primary is busy, move to O-Primary-1; if O-Primary-1 is busy, move to O-Primary-2; and so on.

[0098] If an M-Primary and an O-Primary exist, the transmitter can perform a CCA on the M-Primary. If an OBSS PPDU is detected on the M-Primary, the transmitter can record the NAV and switch to the O-Primary. Therefore, the transmitter can perform a CCA on the O-Primary. When the RBO countdown begins, the transmitter can initiate a frame exchange with an ICF, which can be a Multiple User Request Transmission (MU-RTS), Buffer Status Report Polling (BSRP), or some other frame such as a Bandwidth Query Report Polling (BQRP) frame. On the other hand, the receiver can wait for a PPDU on the M-Primary. If an OBSS PPDU is detected on the M-Primary, the receiver can record the NAV and switch to the O-Primary. Therefore, the receiver can wait for a PPDU on the O-Primary until the M-Primary NAV is 0. The receiver can then return to the M-Primary before the NAV expires. If more than one O-Primary exists, the AP can specify the transition order / sequence. If the current primary is busy, the transmitter and receiver can switch to the next O-Primary in the sequence.

[0099] In some specific implementations, and with reference to Figure 4AP 102-a can perform channel contention procedure 405-a and (such as by decoding the PPDU on the M-Primary channel and determining that the M-Primary channel is occupied by OBSS 410) determine that the M-Primary channel is occupied by another wireless device. AP 102-a and STA 104-a can switch to the O-Primary channel at 415 until the M-Primary channel becomes available again. In some examples, AP 102-a and STA 104-a can determine how long the M-Primary channel will be reserved (such as busy or unavailable) based on the Network Allocation Vector (NAV) 420 provided by the other wireless device. NAV 420 can indicate the estimated duration of the Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) for the other wireless device to access the M-Primary channel.

[0100] In some implementations, AP 102-a may perform channel contention procedure 405-b. For example, the first wireless device may send a Request to Transmit (RTS) frame to confirm whether STA 104-a has switched to the O-Primary channel. STA 104-a may send a Allow to Transmit (CTS) frame confirming that STA 104-a has switched to the O-Primary channel. AP 102-a may send or receive one or more packets (such as data 425, also referred to herein as one or more PPDUs) to or from STA 104-a via the O-Primary channel. AP 102-a may receive an ACK 430 from STA 104-a indicating that STA 104-a has successfully received data 425. AP 102-a and STA 104-a may switch back to the M-Primary channel at 435. AP 102-a and STA 104-a may switch back to the M-Primary channel before NAV 420 expires.

[0101] However, in some implementations, predetermined or dynamic communication events (such as one or more time intervals) may occur before the end of a TXOP (such as before the expiration of NAV 420). Additionally, wireless devices (such as AP102-a or STA 104-a) may be expected to perform one or more functions on the M-Primary link (such as sending / receiving beacons, terminating a corresponding TXOP before the Target Waiting Time (TWT), or sending one or more group-addressed frames after delivering a Service Indication Message (DTIM) beacon). However, due to TXOPs on the M-Primary link (such as OBSS 410), wireless devices may participate in frame exchange on the O-Primary link during communication events (such as sending or receiving data 425).

[0102] In some implementations, a STA 104-a that has acquired a TXOP on the O-Primary channel may end the TXOP at least TD duration before one or more time intervals. In some examples, the time interval may be a TBTT on the same or another link, a TWT SP on the same or another link, or both. In some examples, the TWT may be a B-TWT, I-TWT, R-TWT, CR-TWT, another TWT variant, or any combination thereof. In some examples, for a time interval corresponding to another link, there may be a specific relationship between the first link on the O-Primary channel and the second link approaching the time interval thereon. For example, the first and second links may form an NSTR pair, the links may be part of an EMLSR link set, the links may be part of an EMLMR link set, or any combination thereof. STA 104-a may be an AP, a non-AP STA, or both. As discussed herein, the end of the TXOP may mean that STA 104-a relinquishes the acquired TXOP without transmitting any content.

[0103] In some examples, the time interval may not be predetermined but can be dynamic. For example, the time interval may correspond to an activity on the same link or another link (e.g., one that cannot be predicted in advance). In some examples, if STA 104-a determines that its transmission may cause NSTR interference on another link in the NSTR link pair, the STA may abandon the acquired TXOP.

[0104] Additionally, as the time interval approaches, STA 104-a attempts to initiate an O-primary TXOP by sending frames (such as short frames, ICFs), and the peer STA can take preventative action. In some examples, the preventative action could be refusing to respond to the frame, or responding to the frame to indicate a rejection of participation in subsequent frames (causing the peer STA to respond with a frame having a power management subfield set to 1 to indicate that the peer STA is entering power-saving mode or an A-Control field set to a specific value), or instructing the peer STA to terminate the TXOP by stopping the transmission of additional frames, or any combination thereof.

[0105] In some implementations, a first wireless device (such as AP 102-a or STA 104-a) may receive a first signaling indicating a first reservation for a first TXOP for a second wireless device (such as STA 104 or AP 102) on a first primary channel (such as an M-Primary channel). The first primary channel may correspond to a first bandwidth including a first subset of the channel. The wireless device (such as the first wireless device, the second wireless device, or both) may reserve the first primary channel. The first wireless device may send or receive a second signaling indicating a second reservation for a second TXOP via a second primary channel (such as an O-Primary channel). The signaling may indicate the time duration of the second TXOP. The end time of the second TXOP (such as when the first wireless device ends or terminates the second TXOP) may occur before the end time of the first TXOP. Additionally or alternatively, the end time of the second TXOP may occur before the start of a TD associated with a communication event (such as one or more time intervals). The communication event may be scheduled on a first subset or a second subset of the channel. Therefore, the first wireless device may switch from the O-Primary channel to the M-Primary channel (which may be the original M-Primary channel associated with a first subset of the channels or another M-Primary channel associated with a second subset of the channels) and perform one or more functions on the M-Primary channel, or enable a responding device (such as a TXOP responder) to perform one or more functions on the M-Primary channel.

[0106] Figure 5 An example of a resource graph 500 supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown. Resource graph 500 can be implemented as described in the reference. Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The wireless communication network 100, resource map 300, or resource map 400 shown and described may be implemented by these aspects. For example, some aspects of resource map 500 may be implemented by wireless STA 104-b (such as reference STA 104-b). Figure 1 The STA104 described herein is implemented, and other or similar aspects of resource diagram 400 may be implemented by wireless AP 102-b (such as reference STA104). Figure 1 The described AP 102) implementation.

[0107] In some implementations, STA 104-b (such as a non-AP STA) may receive OBSS 505 (such as a third signaling) indicating a reservation (such as a third reservation) for a TXOP (such as the duration of OBSS 505) on the M-Primary channel of Link 1 (such as a first primary channel among a first plurality of channels). STA 104-b may switch to the O-Primary channel of Link 1. STA 104-b may receive ICF 510 via the O-Primary channel (such as a second primary channel). ICF 510 may indicate a third reservation for a third TXOP on the O-primary channel of Link 1 for receiving response 515 and subsequent reception of one or more DL PPDU 520. However, communication events (such as beacon 530) may be scheduled to occur during the duration of OBSS 505. In some implementations, Link 1 and Link 2 may be EMLSR links. In some other implementations, Link 1 and Link 2 may be EMLMR links.

[0108] In some implementations, AP 102-b may expect to receive a response 515 (such as one or more packets) to ICF 510 from STA 104-b. In some implementations, STA 104-b may suppress the transmission of response 515 to ICF 510. Additionally or alternatively, AP 102-a may suppress the transmission of DL PPDU 520 to STA 104-b. If STA 104-b transmits response 515, AP 102-b may transmit DL PPDU 520. However, DL PPDU 520 may overlap with TBTT (such as beacon 530) on link 2 (such as in time resources). In other words, STA 104-b may suppress the transmission of response 515 based on beacon 530 (such as time intervals) occurring during the duration of OBSS 505. Therefore, STA 104-b has enough time to switch to link 2 and receive beacon 530 on the M-Primary channel (such as the third primary channel) on link 2.

[0109] In some implementations, STA 104-b may send a response 515 (such as a response to a second signaling) to ICF 510. For example, response 515 may indicate to AP 102-b or another STA (such as a peer STA) a rejection of communication during at least a portion of OBSS 505 (such as a third TXOP). For example, STA 104-b may send a response 515 including a frame containing a power management (PM) field in the MAC header of the frame set to 1 or an A-Control field set to a specific value. AP 102-a and the STA may suppress communication with STA 104-b in subsequent frames. Thus, STA 104-b may have sufficient time to switch to Link 2 and receive beacon 530 on the M-Primary channel of Link 2.

[0110] In some implementations, STA 104-b may send a response 515 (such as one or more packets) to ICF 510. For example, response 515 may instruct AP 102-b or another STA (such as a peer STA) to suppress transmissions during at least a portion of OBSS 505 (such as the third TXOP) (e.g., to stop the transmission of additional frames). AP 102-b or the other STA may receive response 515 and suppress the transmission of DL PPDU 520 during the third TXOP. Thus, STA 104-b may have sufficient time to switch to Link 2 and receive beacon 530 on the M-Primary channel on Link 2.

[0111] In some implementations, AP 102-b can initiate a TXOP on the M-Primary channel of one of one or more EMLSR links using an ICF (Initial Frame Request). For example, the ICF can be a MU-RTS or BSRP triggered frame. Other APs or STAs on one EMLSR link may not initiate a TXOP on their respective EMLSR links. In multi-master operation, the EMLSR can be extended to one or more O-Primary channels. For example, AP 102-b and STA 104-b can exchange frames on the O-Primary channel of link 1. In these instances, AP 102-b or STA 104-b may not initiate frame exchange on the M-Primary channel of link 2. Additionally or alternatively, AP 102-b or STA 104-b may not initiate frame exchange on the O-Primary channel of link 2. In some other instances, AP 102-b and STA 104-b can exchange frames on link 2. In these instances, AP 102-b or STA 104-b may not initiate frame switching on the M-Primary or O-Primary channel of Link 1. Although described as an EMLSR link, one or more links may be converted to EMLMR links and meet similar conditions.

[0112] Figure 6 An example of resource graph 600 supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown. Resource graph 600 can be implemented as referenced. Figure 1 and Figures 3 to 5 The wireless communication network 100 shown and described, and aspects of resource diagrams 300-500, may be implemented by these aspects. For example, some aspects of resource diagram 500 may be implemented by a wireless STA 104-c (such as reference 104-c). Figure 1 The described STA 104 is implemented, and other or similar aspects of resource diagram 500 can be implemented by a wireless AP (such as reference STA 104). Figure 1 The described AP102) implementation.

[0113] In some implementations, communication events (such as a second communication event) can be dynamic. For example, STA 104-c may not know that a communication event will occur before OBSS 605 begins. That is, communication events may not be predetermined. Communication events (such as time intervals) may correspond to an activity on link 1 (e.g., dynamic PPDU reception on another link (link 2)). Additionally or alternatively, communication events may correspond to an activity on link 2. This activity may not be predictable in advance. Therefore, if a transmission during a TXOP might cause NSTR interference on another link in the NSTR link pair, STA 104-c may abandon the acquired TXOP (e.g., terminate the acquired TXOP).

[0114] In some implementations, STA 104-c (such as a non-AP STA) may receive OBSS 605 (such as third signaling) indicating a reservation (such as third reservation) for a third TXOP (such as the duration of OBSS 605) on the M-Primary channel of Link 1 (such as the first primary channel among a first plurality of channels). STA 104-c may switch communication to the O-Primary channel of Link 1. STA 104-c may perform CCA 610 on the O-Primary. For example, RBO may count down. If CCA 610 is successful, STA 104-c may acquire the TXOP. However, dynamic communication events (such as a second communication event) may occur during the duration of the TXOP (such as the duration of OBSS 605). Additionally or alternatively, overlapping communications (such as DL PPDU 615 and / or ACK 620) may occur during the duration of the TXOP. In some implementations, Link 1 and Link 2 may form an NSTR link pair.

[0115] In some implementations, STA 104-c can determine that a transmission on Link 1 may cause NSTR interference on another link in the NSTR link pair (such as Link 2). Therefore, STA 104-c can suppress the transmission of ICF or other transmissions on Link 1 in order to receive DL PPDU 615. Thus, STA 104-c can discard the acquired TXOP on the M-Primary channel on Link 1 to present NSTR interference on the other link (Link 2). Additionally or alternatively, STA 104-c can transmit ACK 620 in response to DL PPDU 615.

[0116] In some implementations, NSTR transmissions (such as PPDUs) can occur across multiple links. The start and end alignment of PPDU transmissions can be aligned across NSTR links. For example, uplink PPDU transmissions may occur simultaneously on different links, starting at the same start time and ending at the same end time on different links. For instance, a STA might expect to transmit on both Link 1 and Link 2, and might contend for channel access on the O-Primary channel of Link 1 and the M-Primary channel of Link 2. The STA can begin transmitting one or more uplink PPDUs on the O-Primary channel of Link 1 while simultaneously transmitting one or more uplink PPDUs on the M-Primary channel of Link 2. The STA can also terminate one or more uplink PPDU transmissions on the O-Primary channel of Link 1 while simultaneously terminating one or more uplink PPDU transmissions on the M-Primary channel of Link 2. In multi-master operation, the start and end of synchronous PPDU transmission can be applied across the M-Primary channel of link 2 and the O-Primary channel of link 1, the M-Primary channel of link 1 and the O-Primary channel of link 2, or the O-Primary channel of link 1 and the O-Primary channel of link 2.

[0117] Figure 7 An example of resource diagram 700 supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown. Resource diagram 700 can be implemented as referenced. Figure 1 and Figures 3 to 6 The wireless communication network 100 shown and described, and aspects of resource diagrams 300-600, may be implemented by these aspects. For example, some aspects of resource diagram 600 may be implemented by wireless STAs (such as reference STAs). Figure 1 The described STA 104) is implemented, and other or similar aspects of resource diagram 600 can be implemented by wireless AP 102-c (such as reference STA 104). Figure 1 The described AP102) implementation.

[0118] In some specific implementations, AP 102-c (such as a first wireless device) may receive OBSS 705 (such as a first signaling) indicating a reservation (such as a first reservation) for a first TXOP (such as the duration of OBSS 705) on the M-Primary channel of Link 1 (such as a first main channel including a first plurality of channels with a first bandwidth). OBSS 705 may indicate the end time of the first TXOP. AP 102-c may determine that the M-Primary channel of Link 1 is busy and may switch communication (such as switching the main radio component) to the O-Primary channel of Link 1.

[0119] In some implementations, AP 102-c may send ICF 710 (such as a second signaling). For example, AP 102-c may send ICF 710 to the STA via the O-Primary channel (such as a second primary channel) of Link 1. ICF 710 may indicate a second reservation for a second TXOP. The end time of the second TXOP (such as when AP 102-c ends or terminates the second TXOP) may occur before the end time of OBSS 705. Additionally or alternatively, the end time of the second TXOP may occur before the start of TD 730. TD 730 may be associated with beacon 735 (such as a communication event). Beacon 735 may be scheduled on the M-Primary channel (such as a third primary channel) of Link 1 (such as a second multiple channel of the second bandwidth). Link 1 (such as a primary link) and Link 2 (such as a non-primary link) may form an EMLSR link set. That is, AP 102-c may be an EMLSR AP.

[0120] In some specific implementations, AP 102-c may send or receive one or more packets during the second TXOP. For example, AP 102-c may receive a response 715 to ICF 710. AP 102-c may send DL PPDU 720. Additionally or alternatively, AP 102-c may receive ACK 725 in response to DL PPDU 720. One or more packets may be communicated (such as sent or received) during the second TXOP and before the start of TD 730 (such as according to the second signaling). Thus, AP 102-c on a non-primary link of an EMLSR AP may end the TXOP on the O-Primary before the TBTT of the primary link (link 1).

[0121] In some implementations, TD 730 may be associated with a switch from an O-Primary channel (such as a second primary channel) on Link 2 to an M-Primary channel (such as a third primary channel) on Link 1. This TD 730 may be a TD associated with a switch from an O-Primary channel to an M-Primary channel, a TD associated with a switch from the first link to the second link, or a cross-link TD different from both. AP 102-c may switch to the primary channel on which communication events are scheduled. Additionally or alternatively, TD 730 may be associated with an EMLSR TD or an EMLMR TD. TD 730 may be indicated in one or more management frames (such as beacons, probe requests, probe responses, associated requests, associated responses). One or more management frames may be separate from the delay associated with a switch from one primary channel to another and the link handover delay. In some other instances, TD 730 may be zero.

[0122] In some implementations, AP 102-c may perform one or more functions at communication events, such as one or more time intervals. For example, AP 102-c may transmit beacon 735. Examples of communication events may include, but are not limited to, TBTT (such as a target beacon transmission beam scheduled on link 1 or link 2) and TWT service period (SP) (scheduled on link 1 or link 2), where an AP belonging to an EMLSR AP terminates a TXOP on the O-Primary of link 2 (a non-primary link), enabling the AP's primary radio component to transmit a beacon during the TBTT of the primary link (link 1). For example, a TWT may be a broadcast TWT (B-TWT), a standalone TWT (I-TWT), a restricted TWT (R-TWT), or a coordinated restricted TWT (CR-TWT). A TWT may be associated with an M-Primary channel (such as a first primary channel) and may be applicable to an O-Primary channel (such as a second primary channel).

[0123] Figure 8 An example of resource diagram 800 supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown. Resource diagram 800 can be implemented as referenced. Figure 1 and Figures 3 to 7 The wireless communication network 100 shown and described, and aspects of resource diagrams 300-700, may be implemented by these aspects. For example, some aspects of resource diagram 800 may be implemented by STA 104-d (such as reference STA 104-d). Figure 1 The described STA 104 is implemented, and other or similar aspects of resource diagram 800 can be implemented by a wireless AP (such as reference STA 104). Figure 1 The described AP 102) implementation.

[0124] In some specific implementations, STA 104-d (such as a first wireless device) may receive OBSS 805 (such as a first signaling) indicating a reservation (such as a first reservation) for a first TXOP (such as the duration of OBSS 805) on the M-Primary channel of Link 1 (such as a first main channel including a first plurality of channels with a first bandwidth). OBSS 805 may indicate the end time of the first TXOP. STA 104-d may determine that the M-Primary channel of Link 1 is busy and may switch communication (such as switching the main radio component) to the O-Primary channel of Link 1.

[0125] In some implementations, STA 104-d may send ICF 810 (such as a second signaling). For example, STA 104-d may send ICF 810 to an AP or another STA (such as a peer STA) via an O-Primary channel (such as a second primary channel) on Link 1. ICF 810 may indicate a second reservation for a second TXOP. The end time of the second TXOP (such as when STA 104-d ends or terminates the second TXOP) may occur before the end time of OBSS 805. Additionally or alternatively, the end time of the second TXOP may occur before the start of TD 830. TD 830 may be associated with a communication event. The communication event may be scheduled on an M-Primary channel (such as a first primary channel) on Link 1. STA 104-d may be a non-AP MLD. STA 104-d may be associated with an EMLSR AP MLD. In some instances, a non-AP MLD STA 104-d may operate on a non-primary link.

[0126] In some implementations, STA 104-d may send or receive one or more packets during the second TXOP. For example, STA 104-d may receive a response 815 to ICF 810. STA 104-d may send an uplink (UL) PPDU 820. Additionally or alternatively, STA 104-d may receive an ACK 825 in response to the UL PPDU 820. One or more packets may be communicated (such as sent or received) during the second TXOP and before the start of TD830 (such as according to the second signaling). Thus, STA 104-d on a non-primary link of the EMLSR AP may end the TXOP on the O-Primary before the TBTT of the primary link.

[0127] In some implementations, TD 830 can be associated with switching from an O-Primary channel (such as a second primary channel) on Link 1 to an M-Primary channel (such as a first primary channel) on Link 1 or an M-Primary channel (such as a third primary channel) on another link. STA 104-d can switch to the primary channel on which communication events are scheduled. TD 830 can be a TBTT on the M-Primary channel. In one example, a STA of a non-AP MLD associated with an EMLSR AP MLD can terminate a TXOP on the O-Primary of Link 1 (the primary link), allowing the primary radio component of the EMLSR AP MLD to transmit beacons during the TBTT of the primary link. In some instances, STAs within the BSS can adhere to a TBTT on the M-Primary channel. Because an OBSS STA is occupying the M-Primary channel, terminating a second TXOP at the TBTT may not allow the AP to transmit exactly at the TBTT. However, the AP can still be used to transmit beacons after the OBSS PPDU ends (such as immediately following the OBSS PPDU).

[0128] Figure 9 An example of a resource diagram 900 supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown. Resource diagram 900 can be implemented as described in the reference. Figure 1 and Figures 3 to 8 The wireless communication network 100 shown and described, and aspects of resource diagrams 300-800, may be implemented by these aspects. For example, some aspects of resource diagram 800 may be implemented by STA 104-e (such as reference STA 104-e). Figure 1 The described STA 104 is implemented, and other or similar aspects of resource diagram 900 can be implemented by a wireless AP (such as reference STA 104). Figure 1 The described AP 102) implementation.

[0129] In some implementations, STA 104-e (such as the first radio device) may receive OBSS 905 (such as the first signaling) indicating a reservation (such as the duration of OBSS 905) for the first TXOP on the M-Primary channel of Link 2. OBSS 905 may indicate the end time of the first TXOP. STA 104-e may determine that the M-Primary channel of Link 2 is busy and may switch communication (such as switching the primary radio component) to the O-Primary channel of Link 2.

[0130] In some implementations, STA 104-e may send ICF 910 (such as a second signaling). For example, STA 104-e may send ICF 910 to an AP or another STA (such as a peer STA) via the O-Primary channel (such as a second master channel) of Link 2. ICF 910 may indicate a second reservation for a second TXOP. The end time of the second TXOP (such as when STA 104-e ends or terminates the second TXOP) may occur before the end time of OBSS 905. Additionally or alternatively, the end time of the second TXOP may occur before the start of TD 930. TD 930 may be associated with the start of R-TWT SP 935 (such as a communication event). The communication event may be scheduled on the M-Primary channel of Link 1 (such as another link). STA 104-e may be a non-APMLD. In some instances, Link 1 and Link 2 may form an NSTR link, or an EMLSR link, or an EMLMR link.

[0131] In some implementations, the STA 104-e may send or receive one or more packets during the second TXOP. For example, the STA 104-e may receive a response 915 to ICF 910. The STA 104-e may send a UL PPDU 920. Additionally or alternatively, the STA 104-e may receive an ACK 925 in response to the UL PPDU 920. One or more packets may be communicated (such as sent or received) during the second TXOP and before the start of TD 930 (such as according to the second signaling). Thus, the STA 104-e may terminate the TXOP on the O-Primary before the R-TWT SP begins on another link.

[0132] In some implementations, the TD 930 may be associated with a switch from an O-Primary channel (such as a second primary channel) on Link 2 to an M-Primary channel (such as a third primary channel) on Link 1. The STA 104-e may switch to the primary channel on which communication events (such as the initiation of R-TWT SP 935) are scheduled. Therefore, the STA 104-e may participate in R-TWT SP 935 on the M-Primary channel of Link 1. For example, a non-AP MLD STA 104-e may terminate TXOP on the O-Primary link of Link 2, allowing the STA to switch its primary radio components to Link 2 and participate in R-TWT SP, where Link 1 and Link 2 can be NSTR links, EMLSR links, EMLMR links, or any combination thereof. In some instances, R-TWT SP 935 may be CR-TWT SP. For example, if the AP is the owner of the CR-TWT SP, or if the AP intends to contest the CR-TWT SP during its operation, then the R-TWT SP 935 can be a CR-TWT SP owned by another coordinating AP.

[0133] Figure 10 An example of a resource diagram 1000 supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown. Resource diagram 1000 can be implemented as referenced. Figure 1 and Figures 3 to 9 The wireless communication network 100 shown and described, and aspects of resource diagrams 300-900, may be implemented by these aspects. For example, some aspects of resource diagram 1000 may be implemented by STA (such as reference STA). Figure 1 The described STA 104) is implemented, and other or similar aspects of resource diagram 1000 can be implemented by AP 102-d (such as reference). Figure 1 The described AP 102) implementation.

[0134] In some specific implementations, AP 102-d (such as the first wireless device) may receive OBSS 1005 (such as the first signaling) indicating a reservation (such as the duration of OBSS 1005) for the first TXOP on the M-Primary channel of Link 2. OBSS 1005 may indicate the end time of the first TXOP. AP 102-d may determine that the M-Primary channel of Link 2 is busy and may switch communication (such as switching the primary radio component) to the O-Primary channel of Link 2.

[0135] In some implementations, AP 102-d may send ICF 1010 (such as a second signaling). For example, AP 102-d may send ICF 1010 to the STA via the O-Primary channel of Link 2 (such as a second primary channel). ICF 1010 may indicate a second reservation for a second TXOP. The end time of the second TXOP (such as when AP 102-d ends or terminates the second TXOP) may occur before the end time of OBSS 1005. Additionally or alternatively, the end time of the second TXOP may occur before the start of TD 1030. TD 1030 may be associated with the start of R-TWT SP 1035 (such as a communication event). The communication event may be scheduled on the M-Primary channel of Link 1 (such as another link). AP 102-d may be an AP MLD. In some instances, Link 1 and Link 2 may form an NSTR link, or an EMLSR link, or an EMLMR link.

[0136] In some specific implementations, AP 102-d may send or receive one or more packets during the second TXOP. For example, AP 102-d may receive a response 1015 to ICF 1010. AP 102-d may send DL PPDU 1020. Additionally or alternatively, AP 102-d may receive ACK 1025 in response to DL PPDU 1020. One or more packets may be communicated (such as sent or received) during the second TXOP and before the start of TD 1030 (such as according to the second signaling). Thus, AP 102-d may end the TXOP on the O-Primary before the R-TWT SP on another link.

[0137] In some implementations, TD 1030 may be associated with a switch from an O-Primary channel (such as a second primary channel) on Link 2 to an M-Primary channel (such as a third primary channel) on Link 1. AP 102-d may switch to the primary channel on which communication events (such as the start of R-TWT SP 1035) are scheduled. Therefore, AP 102-d may participate in R-TWT SP 1035 on the M-Primary channel of Link 1. In some instances, AP 102-d of an AP MLD may terminate TXOP on the O-Primary link of Link 2, allowing a non-AP MLD to switch its primary radio component to Link 2 and participate in R-TWT SP. Link 1 and Link 2 may be NSTR links, EMLSR links, EMLMR links, or any combination thereof. In some instances, R-TWT SP 1035 may be CR-TWT SP. For example, if the AP is the owner of the CR-TWT SP, or if the AP intends to contest the CR-TWT SP during its operation, then the R-TWT SP 1035 can be a CR-TWT SP owned by another coordinating AP.

[0138] Figure 11 An example of resource diagram 1100 supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown. Resource diagram 1100 can be implemented as referenced. Figure 1 and Figures 3 to 10 The wireless communication network 100 shown and described, and aspects of resource diagrams 300-1000, may be implemented by these aspects. For example, some aspects of resource diagram 1100 may be implemented by STA (such as reference STA). Figure 1 The described STA 104) is implemented, and other or similar aspects of resource diagram 1100 may be implemented by AP 102-e (such as reference STA 104). Figure 1 The described AP 102) implementation.

[0139] In some implementations, AP 102-e (such as a first wireless device) may receive OBSS 1105 (such as a first signaling) indicating a reservation (such as a first reservation) for a first TXOP (such as the duration of OBSS 1105) on the M-Primary channel of Link 1. OBSS 1105 may indicate the end time of the first TXOP. AP 102-e may determine that the M-Primary channel of Link 1 is busy and may switch communication (such as switching the primary radio component) to the O-Primary channel of Link 1. AP 102-e may receive OBSS 1105 from STAs that may not support R-TWT.

[0140] In some implementations, AP 102-e may receive ICF 1110 (such as a second signaling). For example, AP 102-e may receive ICF 1110 from STA via the O-Primary channel of Link 1 (such as a second primary channel). ICF 1110 may indicate a second reservation for a second TXOP. The end time of the second TXOP (such as when AP 102-e ends or terminates the second TXOP) may occur before the end time of OBSS 1105. Additionally or alternatively, the end time of the second TXOP may occur before the start of R-TWT SP1130. R-TWT SP1130 may be scheduled on the same link (such as Link 1).

[0141] In some implementations, AP 102-e may send or receive one or more packets during the second TXOP. For example, AP 102-e may send a response 1115 to ICF 1110. AP 102-e may receive UL PPDU 1120 from the first STA. Additionally or alternatively, AP 102-e may send ACK 1125 in response to UL PPDU 1120. One or more packets may be communicated (such as sent or received) during the second TXOP and before the start of R-TWT SP 1130 (such as according to the second signaling). Thus, the first STA may terminate the TXOP on the O-Primary of Link 1 before the start of R-TWT SP 1130.

[0142] In some implementations, TD can be 0. For example, since R-TWT SP 1130 is on the same link (Link 1), TD can be 0. Therefore, AP 102-e can perform the channel access procedure after R-TWT SP 1130 begins. If AP 102-e gains access to the O-Primary channel of Link 1, AP 102-e can transmit one or more packets on the O-Primary channel. For example, AP 102-e can send ICF 1135. AP 102-e can receive a response 1140 to ICF 1135. AP 102-e can send DL PPDU 1145 to the second STA. AP 102-e can receive ACK 1150 in response to DL PPDU 1145. One or more packets can be transmitted before TD 1155 begins.

[0143] In some implementations, AP 102-e may send ACK 1125 including an indication to stop the second TXOP. That is, AP 102-e may send ACK 1125 to a STA (such as a peer STA) indicating to stop the second TXOP on the O-Primary channel of Link 1 before R-TWT SP 1130 begins. Therefore, the STA may respond to ACK 1125 by suppressing (e.g., stopping transmission) one or more packets (such as PPDUs) at some time before or at the start of R-TWT SP 1130. In some other implementations, AP 102-e may receive signaling (such as a response or ACK) from the STA instructing AP 102-e to stop the second TXOP (e.g., if AP 102-e has acquired the second TXOP). In some instances, R-TWT SP 1130 may be a CR-TWT SP or any other type of TWT.

[0144] In some implementations, R-TWT SP 1130 or CR-TWT SP can be extended to multiple primary channels. Additionally, one or more rules (such as those for R-TWT or other TWT types) may apply only to M-Primary. However, O-Primary transmissions on the same channel may not comply with R-TWT SP 1130 boundaries. Therefore, O-Primary transmissions may violate R-TWT limits. Additionally or alternatively, O-Primary transmissions may limit the bandwidth of CR-TWT operation.

[0145] In some implementations, any R-TWT SP 1130, CR-TWT SP, or both on the M-Primary channel may be applied (e.g., automatically applied) to the O-Primary channel. In some other implementations, the AP 102-e may send an indication of whether an R-TWT SP, CR-TWT SP, or both on the M-Primary channel is applicable to the O-Primary channel. For example, if there is more than one O-Primary channel, the AP 102-e may send an indication (e.g., a bitmap) of which O-Primary channels the SP is applicable to. Additionally or alternatively, the AP 102-e may negotiate with the STA whether an R-TWT SP 1130 is applicable to the O-Primary channel (e.g., negotiation between two peers). Although described as R-TWT SP 1130, the SP may also be a CR-TWT SP or any other type of TWT.

[0146] In some implementations, each O-Primary channel may have independent settings for R-TWT SP 1130, CR-TWT SP, or both. That is, TWT settings can be made on a per-primary-channel basis. In these instances, rules for the first primary channel may not apply to other primary channels. In other words, if the R-TWT setting is for an O-Primary channel on link 1, that setting (such as the corresponding rules) may not apply to an O-Primary channel on link 2 or (such as only on the link) M-Primary channels. In some other instances, TWTs may apply to multiple primary channels. For example, AP 102-e may send a message including a bitmap indicating which one or more O-Primary channels the TWT applies to. If AP 102-e is experiencing periodic narrowband OBSS transmissions, AP 102-e may indicate which O-Primary channels the TWT applies to. For example, if an AP102-e (such as a legacy AP) has a TWT SP setting on an M-Primary channel that occupies only a portion of the bandwidth, the AP 102-e can set an SP on one or more O-Primary channels. Additionally or alternatively, O-Primary-1 rules (such as rules for O-Primary channels on Link 1) may not apply to O-Primary-2 (such as O-Primary channels on Link 2). O-Primary-1 rules may apply to M-Primary channels (such as M-Primary channels on Link 1). Although described as R-TWT SP 1130, the SP can also be a CR-TWT SP or any other type of TWT.

[0147] In some implementations, R-TWT SP 1130 may be applicable only within the BSS. For example, AP 102-e may establish R-TWT SP 1130. STAs associated with AP 102-e may comply with SP restrictions (such as ending the TXOP of these STAs before the start time of the SP, allowing the AP to contend for rights at the start of the SP and transmit to low-latency STAs). However, other APs near AP 102-e may not comply with the SP, and therefore, a second AP or STAs associated with a second AP may continue the TXOP of that second AP or those STAs at the start of R-TWT SP 1130 of AP 102-e. This may delay AP 102-e's service to low-latency STAs and affect the performance of those STAs. In some other implementations, in CR-TWT operation, APs may now comply with each other's SPs and announce each other's SPs in their respective beacons. For example, an AP may advertise the SP of a second AP in its respective beacon, and the second AP may advertise the SP of a first AP in its respective beacon (so that both the first and second APs have already advertised their own SPs in their respective beacons). Therefore, the first and second APs may comply with each other's SPs. Additionally or alternatively, STAs associated with the first and second APs may also comply with these SPs. Although described as CR-TWT, this concept may be described using any number of other names, such as Coordinating Media Access.

[0148] Figure 12 An example of resource diagram 1200 supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown. Resource diagram 1200 can be implemented as referenced. Figure 1 and Figures 3 to 11 The wireless communication network 100 shown and described, and aspects of resource diagrams 300-1100, may be implemented by these aspects. For example, some aspects of resource diagram 1200 may be implemented by STA (such as reference STA). Figure 1 The described STA 104) is implemented, and other or similar aspects of resource diagram 1200 can be implemented by AP 102-f (such as reference). Figure 1 The described AP 102) implementation.

[0149] In some implementations, AP 102-f (such as a first wireless device) may receive OBSS 1205 (such as a first signaling) indicating a reservation (such as a first reservation) for a first TXOP (such as the duration of OBSS 1205) on the M-Primary channel of Link 1. OBSS 1205 may indicate the end time of the first TXOP. AP 102-f may determine that the M-Primary channel of Link 1 is busy and may switch communication (such as switching the primary radio component) to the O-Primary channel of Link 1. AP 102-f may receive OBSS 1205 from STAs that may not support R-TWT.

[0150] In some implementations, AP 102-f may receive ICF 1210 (such as a second signaling). For example, AP 102-f may receive ICF 1210 from STA via the O-Primary channel of Link 1 (such as a second primary channel). ICF 1210 may indicate a second reservation for a second TXOP. The end time of the second TXOP (such as when AP 102-f ends or terminates the second TXOP) may occur before the end time of OBSS 1205. Additionally or alternatively, the end time of the second TXOP may occur before the start of CR-TWT SP1230. CR-TWT SP 1230 may be scheduled on the same link (such as Link 1).

[0151] In some implementations, AP 102-f may send or receive one or more packets during the second TXOP. For example, AP 102-f may send a response 1215 to ICF 1210. AP 102-f may receive UL PPDU 1220 from STA. Additionally or alternatively, AP 102-f may send ACK 1225 in response to UL PPDU 1220. One or more packets may be communicated (e.g., sent or received) during the second TXOP and before the start of CR-TWT SP 1230 (e.g., according to the second signaling). Thus, STA may end the TXOP on O-Primary before CR-TWT SP on the same link.

[0152] In some implementations, the coordinating BSS may have CR-TWT SP 1230. Therefore, the AP's BSS may not perform any transmission or reception during this period. That is, TD can be 0. For example, TD can be 0 because AP 102-f may not participate in CR-TWT SP 1230, or may be demoted in that CR-TWT SP.

[0153] Figure 13A block diagram of an example wireless communication device 800 supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown. In some specific implementations, the wireless communication device 800 is configured to perform reference... Figure 9 The process described is 900. Wireless communication device 800 may include one or more chips, SoCs, chipsets, packages, components, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or include a processing system. The processing system may interface with other components of wireless communication device 800 and typically processes information (such as inputs or signals) received from and outputs information (such as outputs or signals) to such other components. In some aspects, an example chip may include a processing system, a first interface for outputting or transmitting information, and a second interface for receiving or acquiring information. For example, the first interface may refer to an interface between the chip's processing system and a transmitting component, enabling wireless communication device 800 to transmit information output from the chip. In such examples, the second interface may refer to an interface between the chip's processing system and a receiving component, enabling wireless communication device 800 to receive information, which is then passed to the processing system. In some such examples, the first interface may also, for example, acquire information from the transmitting component, and the second interface may also, for example, output information to the receiving component.

[0154] The processing system of the wireless communication device 800 includes processor (or “processing”) circuitry in the form of one or more processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as a central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), or digital signal processor (DSP)), processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)), or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuits (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “processors” or “processor circuitry”). One or more of these processors may be individually or collectively configurable to perform the various functions or operations described herein. The processing system may also include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random access memory (RAM) or ROM or combinations thereof (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as “memory” or collectively as “memory” or “memory circuitry”). One or more of these memories may be coupled to one or more processors and may store processor-executable code, individually or collectively, which, when executed by one or more processors, configures one or more processors to perform the various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more processors may be pre-configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein without software configuration. The processing system may also include one or more modems (such as Wi-Fi (e.g., IEEE compliant) modems or cellular (e.g., 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modems), or be coupled to such modems. In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more modems. The processing system may also include, or be coupled to, multiple radio components (collectively, “radio components”), multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled to one or more antennas. In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radio components, RF chains, or transceivers.

[0155] In some specific implementations, the wireless communication device 800 can be configured to be used for, or be configured to be used for, in an AP or STA (such as reference STA). Figure 1This is used in the described AP 102 or STA 104. In some other examples, the wireless communication device 800 may be an AP or STA that includes such a processing system as well as other components including multiple antennas. The wireless communication device 800 is capable of transmitting and receiving wireless communications, for example, in the form of wireless packets. For example, the wireless communication device 800 may be configurable or configured to transmit and receive packets in the form of physical layer PPDUs and MPDUs conforming to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 series of wireless communication protocol standards. In some other examples, the wireless communication device 800 may be configurable or configured to transmit and receive signals and communications conforming to one or more 3GPP specifications, including those for 5G NR or 6G. In some implementations, the wireless communication device 800 also includes one or more application processors or may be coupled to one or more application processors, which may be further coupled to one or more other memories. In some implementations, the wireless communication device 800 also includes a user interface (UI) (such as a touchscreen or keypad) and a display that may be integrated with the UI to form a touchscreen display coupled to the processing system. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device 800 may also include one or more sensors, such as, for example, one or more inertial sensors, accelerometers, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, or altitude sensors coupled to the processing system. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device 800 also includes at least one external network interface coupled to the processing system, which enables communication with the core network or backhaul network implementing the wireless communication device 800 to obtain access to external networks, including the Internet.

[0156] The wireless communication device 800 includes a first TXOP component 825, a second TXOP component 830, a packet communication component 835, a transition delay component 840, a communication event component 845, and a third TXOP component 850. A portion of one or more of the first TXOP component 825, the second TXOP component 830, the packet communication component 835, the transition delay component 840, the communication event component 845, and the third TXOP component 850 may be implemented at least partially in hardware or firmware. For example, one or more of the first TXOP component 825, the second TXOP component 830, the packet communication component 835, the transition delay component 840, the communication event component 845, and the third TXOP component 850 may be implemented at least partially by a processor or a modem. In some specific implementations, portions of one or more of the first TXOP component 825, the second TXOP component 830, the packet communication component 835, the transition delay component 840, the communication event component 845, and the third TXOP component 850 may be implemented at least in part by a processor and software in the form of processor-executable code stored in memory.

[0157] According to the examples disclosed herein, wireless communication device 800 may support wireless communication. A first TXOP component 825 may be configured or configured to receive a first signaling indicating a first reservation for a first transmission opportunity for a second wireless device on a first primary channel of a first bandwidth, the first bandwidth including a first set of multiple channels capable of being reserved via the first primary channel, the first signaling indicating an end time for the first reservation. A second TXOP component 830 may be configured or configured to transmit or receive a second signaling indicating a second reservation for a second transmission opportunity via a second primary channel, wherein the end time of the second transmission opportunity occurs before the end time of the first reservation and before the start of a transition delay associated with a communication event scheduled on one of the multiple channels in the first set of channels or on one of the multiple channels in the second set of channels in the second bandwidth.

[0158] In some implementations, the packet communication component 835 may be configured to, or be configured to, send or receive one or more packets during a second transmission opportunity and before the end time of the second transmission opportunity, in accordance with a second signaling.

[0159] In some implementations, the transition delay is associated with switching from the second primary channel to the first primary channel. In some implementations, communication events are scheduled on one of the channels in a first set of multiple channels.

[0160] In some implementations, the transition delay is associated with switching from the second primary channel to the first primary channel. In some implementations, communication events are scheduled on one of a second set of multiple channels.

[0161] In some specific implementations, a first set of multiple channels and a second set of multiple channels are associated with non-simultaneous transmit and receive link pairs, enhanced multi-link single radio link sets, or enhanced multi-link multiple radio link sets.

[0162] In some specific implementations, the transition delay is associated with enhanced multilink single-radio transition delay or enhanced multilink multi-radio transition delay.

[0163] In some implementations, the transition delay is indicated in one or more management frames.

[0164] In some implementations, the third TXOP component 850 may be configured or configured to receive third signaling indicating a third reservation for a third transmission opportunity, wherein the second communication event is scheduled to occur during the third transmission opportunity on one channel in a first set of multiple channels or on one channel in a second set of multiple channels. In some implementations, the packet communication component 835 may be configured or configured to send a response to the second signaling, wherein the response indicates a rejection of communication for at least a portion of the third transmission opportunity.

[0165] In some implementations, the third TXOP component 850 may be configured or configured to receive, from the second or third wireless device, a third signaling indicating a third reservation for a third transmission opportunity, wherein the second communication event is scheduled to occur during the third transmission opportunity on one channel of a first set of multiple channels or on one channel of a second set of multiple channels. In some implementations, the packet communication component 835 may be configured or configured to send to the second or third wireless device an instruction to suppress transmission during at least a portion of the third transmission opportunity.

[0166] In some implementations, the third TXOP component 850 may be configured or configured to receive third signaling indicating a third reservation for a third transmission opportunity, wherein the second communication event is scheduled to occur during the third transmission opportunity on one channel in a first set of multiple channels or on one channel in a second set of multiple channels. In some implementations, the packet communication component 835 may be configured or configured to suppress the transmission of a response to the third signaling based on the second communication event being scheduled to occur during the third transmission opportunity.

[0167] In some specific implementations, the second communication event is a dynamic event.

[0168] In some specific implementations, the transition delay is zero.

[0169] In some specific implementations, a communication event is a target beacon transmission beam scheduled on one channel in a first set of multiple channels or one channel in a second set of multiple channels, a target wake-up time service period scheduled on one channel in a first set of multiple channels, or a target wake-up time service period scheduled on one channel in a second set of multiple channels.

[0170] In some specific implementations, the communication event is either a restricted target wake-up time service period associated with the first primary channel and applicable to the second primary channel, or a coordinated restricted target wake-up time service period associated with the first primary channel and applicable to the second primary channel.

[0171] In some implementations, the communication event is a coordinated target wake-up time service period associated with the first primary channel, and the communication event component 845 may be configured to or be configured to send or receive third signaling indicating whether the communication event applies to the second primary channel, the third primary channel of the second bandwidth, or any combination thereof.

[0172] Figure 14 A flowchart illustrating an example process 900 that can be performed by or at a first wireless device supporting multi-master channel access operation is shown. Operation of process 900 can be implemented by the first wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, process 900 can be performed by a wireless communication device (such as reference 1) operating as a wireless AP or wireless STA or within that wireless STA or wireless AP. Figure 8 The described wireless communication device 800 performs the operation. In some specific implementations, process 900 may be performed by a wireless AP or a wireless STA (such as reference 800). Figure 1 Execute (either of the described AP 102 or STA 104).

[0173] In some implementations, in block 905, the first wireless device may receive a first signaling indicating a first reservation for a first transmission opportunity for a second wireless device on a first primary channel of a first bandwidth, the first bandwidth including a first set of multiple channels that can be reserved via the first primary channel, the first signaling indicating an end time for the first reservation. Operation of block 905 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operation of block 905 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 8 The first TXOP component 825 described is executed.

[0174] In some implementations, in block 910, the first wireless device may transmit or receive second signaling indicating a second reservation for a second transmission opportunity via a second primary channel, wherein the end time of the second transmission opportunity occurs before the end time of the first reservation and before the start of a transition delay associated with a communication event scheduled on one channel in a first set of multiple channels or on one channel in a second set of multiple channels of a second bandwidth. Operation of block 910 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operation of block 910 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 8 The second TXOP component 830 described is executed.

[0175] The following provides an overview of the various aspects of this disclosure: Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the method comprising: receiving a first signaling indicating a first reservation for a first transmission opportunity for a second wireless device on a first primary channel of a first bandwidth, the first bandwidth including a first plurality of channels capable of being reserved via the first primary channel, the first signaling indicating an end time of the first reservation; and transmitting or receiving a second signaling indicating a second reservation for a second transmission opportunity via a second primary channel, wherein the end time of the second transmission opportunity occurs before the end time of the first reservation and before the start of a transition delay associated with a communication event scheduled on one of the first plurality of channels or on one of the second plurality of channels of the second bandwidth.

[0176] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, the method further includes: according to the second signaling, during the second transmission opportunity, before the end time of the second transmission opportunity, transmitting or receiving one or more packets.

[0177] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein the transition delay is associated with switching from the second primary channel to the first primary channel, and the communication event is scheduled on one of the first plurality of channels.

[0178] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein the transition delay is associated with switching from the second primary channel to the first primary channel, and the communication event is scheduled on one of the second plurality of channels.

[0179] Aspect 5: According to the method of aspect 4, wherein the first plurality of channels and the second plurality of channels are associated with a non-simultaneous transmit and receive link pair, an enhanced multi-link single radio link set, or an enhanced multi-link multiple radio link set.

[0180] Aspect 6: According to the method of aspect 5, the transition delay is associated with enhanced multi-link single-radio transition delay or enhanced multi-link multi-radio transition delay.

[0181] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of Aspects 4 to 6, wherein the transition delay is indicated in one or more management frames.

[0182] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, the method further comprising: receiving a third signaling indicating a third reservation for a third transmission opportunity, wherein a second communication event is scheduled to occur on one of the first plurality of channels or on one of the second plurality of channels during the third transmission opportunity; and sending a response to the second signaling, wherein the response indicates a rejection of communication during at least a portion of the third transmission opportunity.

[0183] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, the method further comprising: receiving from the second wireless device or from the third wireless device a third signaling indicating a third reservation for a third transmission opportunity, wherein the second communication event is scheduled to occur on one of the first plurality of channels or on one of the second plurality of channels during the third transmission opportunity; and sending to the second wireless device or the third wireless device an instruction for suppressing transmission during at least a portion of the third transmission opportunity.

[0184] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, the method further comprising: receiving a third signaling indicating a third reservation for a third transmission opportunity, wherein a second communication event is scheduled to occur on one of the first plurality of channels or on one of the second plurality of channels during the third transmission opportunity; and suppressing transmission of a response to the third signaling based at least in part on the fact that the second communication event is scheduled to occur during the third transmission opportunity.

[0185] Aspect 11: According to the method of aspect 10, the second communication event is a dynamic event.

[0186] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, wherein the transition delay is zero.

[0187] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the communication event is a target beacon transmission beam scheduled on one of the first plurality of channels or one of the second plurality of channels, a target wake-up time service period scheduled on one of the first plurality of channels, or a target wake-up time service period scheduled on one of the second plurality of channels.

[0188] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the communication event is a restricted target wake-up time service period associated with the first primary channel for the second primary channel, or a coordinated restricted target wake-up time service period associated with the first primary channel for the second primary channel.

[0189] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of Aspects 13 to 14, wherein the communication event is a coordinated limited target wake-up time service period associated with the first primary channel, the method further comprising: sending or receiving a third signaling indicating whether the communication event applies to the second primary channel, a third primary channel of the second bandwidth, or any combination thereof.

[0190] Aspect 16: A first wireless device for wireless communication, the first wireless device comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 15.

[0191] Aspect 17: A first wireless device for wireless communication, the first wireless device comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0192] Aspect 18: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 15.

[0193] As used herein, the term "determine" encompasses a wide variety of actions, and therefore, "determine" can include calculation, computation, processing, derivation, estimation, investigation, lookup (such as by searching in a table, database, or other data structure), reasoning, discovery, or measurement, among other possibilities. Furthermore, "determine" can include receiving (such as receiving information), accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory), or sending (such as sending information), among other possibilities. Additionally, "determine" can include parsing, selecting, obtaining, choosing, building, and other similar actions.

[0194] As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” or “one or more of” refers to any combination of these items, including a single member. For example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, and abc. As used herein, “or” is intended to be interpreted as inclusive unless otherwise explicitly stated. For example, “a or b” could include only a, only b, or a combination of a and b. Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase referring to “one” element means one or more of such elements that act individually or collectively to perform the stated function. Additionally, “set” refers to one or more items, and “subset” refers to less than the entire set, but not empty.

[0195] As used herein, unless otherwise expressly indicated, “based on” is intended to be interpreted in an inclusive sense. For example, unless otherwise explicitly indicated, “based on” may be used interchangeably with “at least partially based on,” “associated with,” “associated with,” or “according to.” Specifically, unless the phrase in the context means “based on only one” or an equivalent, whether it is “based on one” or “at least partially based on one”, it may be based solely on “one” or based on a combination of “one” and one or more other factors, conditions, or information.

[0196] The various exemplary components, logic units, logic blocks, modules, circuits, operations, and algorithmic processes described in conjunction with the examples disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, firmware, software, or a combination of hardware, firmware, or software, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents. This interchangeability of hardware, firmware, and software has been generally described in terms of its functionality and exemplified in the various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and processes described above. Whether this functionality is implemented in hardware, firmware, or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0197] Various modifications to the examples described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other examples without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the examples shown herein, but are to be granted the widest scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles disclosed herein, and the novel features.

[0198] Additionally, the various features described in this specification in the context of individual examples may also be implemented in combination in a single specific embodiment. Conversely, the various features described in the context of a single specific embodiment may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple examples. Thus, although features may be described above as functioning in a particular combination, and even initially claimed in this way, one or more features from the claimed combination may be removed from the combination in some cases, and the claimed combination may involve sub-combinations or variations of sub-combinations.

[0199] Similarly, although operations are depicted in a specific order in the diagrams, this should not be construed as requiring such operations to be performed in the specific order shown or in sequential order, or to perform all illustrated operations to achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the accompanying figures may schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of flowcharts or flow diagrams. However, other operations not depicted may be incorporated into the schematically illustrated example processes. For example, one or more additional operations may be performed before, after, simultaneously with, or between any of the illustrated operations. In some environments, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the examples described above should not be construed as requiring such separation in all examples, but rather should be understood as meaning that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or encapsulated in multiple software products.

Claims

1. A first wireless device, the first wireless device comprising: The processing system, including processor circuitry and memory circuitry for storing code, is configured to cause the first wireless device to: The receiver receives a first signaling instruction indicating a first reservation of a first transmission opportunity for a second wireless device on a first main channel of a first bandwidth, the first bandwidth including a first plurality of channels that can be reserved via the first main channel, the first signaling indicating an end time of the first reservation; as well as Sending or receiving a second signaling indicating a second reservation for a second transmission opportunity via a second primary channel, wherein the end time of the second transmission opportunity occurs before the end time of the first reservation and before the start of a transition delay associated with a communication event scheduled on one of the first plurality of channels or on one of the second plurality of channels in the second bandwidth.

2. The first wireless device according to claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the first wireless device to: According to the second signaling, one or more packets are sent or received during the second transmission opportunity before the end time of the second transmission opportunity.

3. The first wireless device according to claim 1, wherein: The transition delay is associated with the switch from the second primary channel to the first primary channel, and The communication event is scheduled on one of the first plurality of channels.

4. The first wireless device according to claim 1, wherein: The transition delay is associated with the switch from the second primary channel to the first primary channel, and The communication event is scheduled on one of the second plurality of channels.

5. The first wireless device of claim 4, wherein the first plurality of channels and the second plurality of channels are associated with a non-simultaneous transmit and receive link pair, an enhanced multi-link single radio link set, or an enhanced multi-link multiple radio link set.

6. The first wireless device of claim 5, wherein the transition delay is associated with enhanced multi-link single-radio transition delay or enhanced multi-link multi-radio transition delay.

7. The first wireless device according to claim 4, wherein: The transition delay is indicated in one or more management frames.

8. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the first wireless device to: Receive a third signaling instruction indicating a third reservation for a third transmission opportunity, wherein the second communication event is scheduled to occur during the third transmission opportunity on one of the first plurality of channels or on one of the second plurality of channels; and Send a response to the second signaling, wherein the response indicates a rejection of communication during at least a portion of the third transmission opportunity.

9. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the first wireless device to: Receive, from the second wireless device or the third wireless device, a third signaling indicating a third reservation for a third transmission opportunity, wherein the second communication event is scheduled to occur during the third transmission opportunity on one of the first plurality of channels or on one of the second plurality of channels; and Send an instruction to the second wireless device or the third wireless device to suppress transmission during at least a portion of the third transmission opportunity.

10. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the first wireless device to: Receive a third signaling instruction indicating a third reservation for a third transmission opportunity, wherein the second communication event is scheduled to occur during the third transmission opportunity on one of the first plurality of channels or on one of the second plurality of channels; and At least in part, based on the fact that the second communication event was scheduled to occur during the third transmission opportunity, the transmission of a response to the third signaling was suppressed.

11. The first wireless device of claim 10, wherein the second communication event is a dynamic event.

12. The first wireless device according to claim 1, wherein: The transition delay is zero.

13. The first wireless device according to claim 1, wherein the communication event is a target beacon transmission beam scheduled on one of the first plurality of channels or one of the second plurality of channels, a target wake-up time service period scheduled on one of the first plurality of channels, or a target wake-up time service period scheduled on one of the second plurality of channels.

14. The first wireless device of claim 13, wherein the communication event is a restricted target wake-up time service period associated with the first primary channel for the second primary channel, or a coordinated restricted target wake-up time service period associated with the first primary channel for the second primary channel.

15. The first wireless device of claim 13, wherein the communication event is a coordinated restricted target wake-up time service period associated with the first primary channel, and the processing system is further configured to cause the first wireless device to: Sending or receiving a third signaling indicating whether the communication event applies to the second primary channel, the third primary channel of the second bandwidth, or any combination thereof.

16. A first wireless device, the first wireless device comprising: The processing system, including processor circuitry and memory circuitry for storing code, is configured to cause the first wireless device to: A first signaling instruction is sent on a first main channel of a first bandwidth for a first reservation of a first transmission opportunity for a second wireless device, the first bandwidth including a first plurality of channels that can be reserved via the first main channel, the first signaling indicating the end time of the first reservation; as well as Sending or receiving a second signaling indicating a second reservation for a second transmission opportunity via a second primary channel, wherein the end time of the second transmission opportunity occurs before the end time of the first reservation and before the start of a transition delay associated with a communication event scheduled on one of the first plurality of channels or on one of the second plurality of channels in the second bandwidth.

17. The first wireless device of claim 16, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the first wireless device to: According to the second signaling, one or more packets are sent or received during the second transmission opportunity before the end time of the second transmission opportunity.

18. The first wireless device according to claim 16, wherein: The transition delay is associated with the switch from the second primary channel to the first primary channel, and The communication event is scheduled on one of the first plurality of channels.

19. The first wireless device according to claim 16, wherein: The transition delay is associated with the switch from the second primary channel to the first primary channel, and The communication event is scheduled on one of the second plurality of channels.

20. The first wireless device of claim 19, wherein the first plurality of channels and the second plurality of channels are associated with a non-simultaneous transmit and receive link pair, an enhanced multi-link single radio link set, or an enhanced multi-link multiple radio link set.

21. The first wireless device of claim 20, wherein the transition delay is associated with enhanced multi-link single-radio transition delay or enhanced multi-link multi-radio transition delay.

22. The first wireless device according to claim 19, wherein: The transition delay is indicated in one or more management frames.

23. The first wireless device of claim 16, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the first wireless device to: A third signaling instruction indicating a third reservation for a third transmission opportunity, wherein the second communication event is scheduled to occur during the third transmission opportunity on one of the first plurality of channels or on one of the second plurality of channels; and Receive a response to the second signaling, wherein the response indicates a rejection of communication during at least a portion of the third transmission opportunity.

24. The first wireless device of claim 16, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the first wireless device to: A third signaling indicating a third reservation for a third transmission opportunity is transmitted from the second wireless device or from the third wireless device, wherein the second communication event is scheduled to occur during the third transmission opportunity on one of the first plurality of channels or on one of the second plurality of channels; and The second wireless device or the third wireless device receives an instruction to suppress transmission during at least a portion of the third transmission opportunity.

25. The first wireless device of claim 16, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the first wireless device to: A third signaling instruction is sent to a third reserved third transmission opportunity, wherein the second communication event is scheduled to occur on one of the first plurality of channels or on one of the second plurality of channels during the third transmission opportunity.

26. The first wireless device of claim 25, wherein the second communication event is a dynamic event.

27. A method for performing wireless communication at a first wireless device, the method comprising: The receiver receives a first signaling instruction indicating a first reservation of a first transmission opportunity for a second wireless device on a first main channel of a first bandwidth, the first bandwidth including a first plurality of channels that can be reserved via the first main channel, the first signaling indicating an end time of the first reservation; as well as Sending or receiving a second signaling indicating a second reservation for a second transmission opportunity via a second primary channel, wherein the end time of the second transmission opportunity occurs before the end time of the first reservation and before the start of a transition delay associated with a communication event scheduled on one of the first plurality of channels or on one of the second plurality of channels in the second bandwidth.

28. The method of claim 27, further comprising: According to the second signaling, one or more packets are sent or received during the second transmission opportunity before the end time of the second transmission opportunity.

29. A method for wireless communication by a first wireless device, the method comprising: A first signaling instruction is sent on a first main channel of a first bandwidth for a first reservation of a first transmission opportunity for a second wireless device, the first bandwidth including a first plurality of channels that can be reserved via the first main channel, the first signaling indicating the end time of the first reservation; as well as Sending or receiving a second signaling indicating a second reservation for a second transmission opportunity via a second primary channel, wherein the end time of the second transmission opportunity occurs before the end time of the first reservation and before the start of a transition delay associated with a communication event scheduled on one of the first plurality of channels or on one of the second plurality of channels in the second bandwidth.

30. The method according to claim 29, further comprising: According to the second signaling, one or more packets are sent or received during the second transmission opportunity before the end time of the second transmission opportunity.

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