A kind of fouling device applied to nitro group into amine group hydrogenation reactor

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of fouling devices applied to nitro group becomes amine group hydrogenation reactor, specifically relates to chemical equipment field, including lower tank, upper tank cover being installed in the upper end of lower tank, switch mechanism being installed in the inside of lower tank and filter basket being installed on switch mechanism;Switch mechanism includes lower orifice plate and upper orifice plate being arranged above lower orifice plate, upper orifice plate includes lower plate, middle plate and upper plate, the circumference direction of lower orifice plate, lower plate, middle plate, upper plate surface is respectively provided with a plurality of one-to-one bottom hole, through hole one, through hole two, through hole three, wherein, filter hole is arranged between adjacent through hole two, the inside of filter hole is provided with filter screen.The application is provided with lower orifice plate and upper orifice plate, on the one hand, the purpose of separating chamber is realized, on the other hand, filter hole can be rotated and aligned with through hole three to block the bottom of through hole three, can prevent mixed deposit from falling to the inside of lower tank or falling to lower plate not disassembled, to prevent pollution to reactant or lower plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of chemical equipment technology, and more specifically, to a scale buildup device applied to a hydrogenation reactor for converting nitro to amine groups. Background Technology

[0002] The hydrogenation reduction of nitro groups to amino groups is the core and most widely used unit reaction in the preparation of aromatic amines and heterocyclic amines. A hydrogenation reactor is commonly used, requiring the introduction of hydrogen gas as a reducing agent, along with a catalyst. Specific process parameters such as temperature, pressure, and residence time are controlled to ensure the conversion rate and selectivity of the reaction. However, fouling can occur during the hydrogenation reduction of nitro groups to amino groups. For example, the catalyst may wear down, pulverize, or deactivate during the reaction, and the resulting fine catalyst powder easily combines with reaction byproducts to form mixed deposits.

[0003] Existing technology filters out these mixed deposits by using a filter basket filled with packing material. However, as the amount of mixed deposits increases, the filter basket needs to be disassembled, replaced, and cleaned. Residual hydrogen in the hydrogenation reactor can pose a hazard and requires purging with nitrogen. However, the hydrogenation reactor has a large volume, and the entire purging process directly increases the amount of nitrogen used and the purging time. Furthermore, hydrogen tends to remain in the corners of the internal equipment, requiring continuous nitrogen flow to complete a full purging, further extending the purging cycle.

[0004] To solve the above problems, a perforated plate switching mechanism is added below the fouling basket. When the fouling basket is disassembled, the hydrogenation reactor is divided into two chambers. Then, when nitrogen is introduced, only the hydrogen in the chamber where the fouling basket is located is replaced, so that the hydrogen in the entire hydrogenation reactor does not need to be replaced, thus shortening the replacement cycle.

[0005] However, during the disassembly of the overall fouling basket, some mixed deposits may fall into the holes of the upper orifice plate. When the upper orifice plate is subsequently reset to match the holes again, the mixed deposits that fell into the holes will fall out of the corresponding holes, causing contamination of the reactants. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a fouling device for a hydrogenation reactor that converts nitro to amine. The problem to be solved is that when the existing hydrogenation reaction vessel is disassembled and the overall fouling basket is reset to match the holes, the mixed deposits that fall into the holes will fall from the corresponding holes, causing contamination of the reactants.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a fouling device for a hydrogenation reactor for converting nitro to amine groups, comprising a lower tank, an upper tank cover installed at the upper end of the lower tank, a switching mechanism installed inside the lower tank, and a filter basket installed on the switching mechanism; the switching mechanism includes a lower perforated plate and an upper perforated plate disposed above the lower perforated plate, the upper perforated plate comprising a lower plate, a middle plate, and an upper plate, and a plurality of corresponding bottom holes, through holes one, through holes two, and through holes three are respectively opened in the circumferential direction on the surfaces of the lower perforated plate, the lower plate, the middle plate, and the upper plate, wherein filter holes are opened between adjacent through holes two, and filter screens are disposed inside the filter holes; during the hydrogenation reaction, the bottom holes, through holes one, through holes two, and through holes three are connected; when the filter basket is disassembled, the bottom holes are offset from the through holes one, and the through holes three are aligned with the filter holes.

[0008] Preferably, a drive assembly is installed on the outside of the lower tank. The drive assembly is used to drive the lower orifice plate to rotate. A bottom groove is opened on the upper surface of the lower orifice plate. A slider is fixed at the bottom of the lower plate and slides inside the bottom groove.

[0009] Preferably, the upper surface of the lower plate is provided with a sliding groove 1, the bottom of the middle plate is fixed with a slider 2, the slider 2 slides inside the sliding groove 1, the upper surface of the middle plate is provided with a sliding groove 2, and the bottom of the upper plate is fixedly installed with a slider 3, the slider 3 slides inside the sliding groove 2.

[0010] Preferably, one end of the slide groove is provided with a slot, the slider 2 can move upward from the slot, the lower plate is rotatably connected to the middle of the lower plate by a rotating shaft 1, and the upper plate is rotatably connected to the middle of the middle plate by a rotating shaft 2.

[0011] Preferably, a number of limiting blocks are fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the upper plate, and a number of slots are opened in the circumferential direction on the top of the lower tank, with the limiting blocks located inside the slots.

[0012] Preferably, the angle between the line connecting the center of two adjacent bottom holes and the center of the lower hole plate is α, the rotation angle of the lower hole plate is 3α / 2, the rotation angle of the lower plate is α, and the rotation angle of the middle plate is α / 2.

[0013] Preferably, the drive assembly includes a motor mounted on the lower tank and a gear mounted on the motor output shaft. The side wall of the lower perforated plate has a plurality of tooth grooves, and the side wall of the lower tank has a side opening. The gear meshes with the tooth grooves at the side opening.

[0014] Preferably, the filter basket includes a filter cylinder, the interior of which has an annular cavity for filling with packing material, and a central cavity is provided in the middle of the filter cylinder, the bottom of which is connected to a through hole.

[0015] Preferably, a top mesh is installed on the top of the filter cartridge, a ring mesh is installed on the outside of the top mesh, and a cone cover is installed on the top of the ring mesh.

[0016] Preferably, the top of the lower tank has a material inlet and a vent, and a valve is installed on the vent.

[0017] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0018] The present invention, through the arrangement of the lower and upper perforated plates, achieves the purpose of separating the chambers on the one hand, and on the other hand, the filter holes can be rotated out to align with the three through holes to block the bottom of the three through holes, which can prevent mixed sediments from falling into the interior of the lower tank or onto the lower plate that is not removed, thereby preventing contamination of the reactants or the lower plate.

[0019] This invention divides the interior of the lower tank into two chambers by offsetting the bottom hole and the through hole before disassembly. When replacing hydrogen, the hydrogen in the upper chamber is replaced directly without replacing the hydrogen in the lower chamber, thereby improving the replacement efficiency and reducing the amount of nitrogen used.

[0020] In the hydrogenation reaction process, the present invention restricts the vertical movement of the middle plate and the upper plate to prevent mutual vibration during feeding and reaction, so that the liquid phase of the reaction enters between each layer. The bottom chute, slider one, chute one, slider two, chute two, and slider three all have T-shaped cross sections. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention mounted on a bracket.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is an overall sectional view of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower perforated plate, the upper perforated plate, and the driving assembly of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower and upper perforated plates of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0026] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Exploded view.

[0027] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 5 A sectional view of the structure.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower and upper perforated plates of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0029] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Exploded view.

[0030] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 8 A sectional view of the structure.

[0031] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of the local structure at point A in the middle.

[0032] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Support; 2. Lower tank; 20. Side opening; 201. Slot; 21. Upper tank cover; 22. Material inlet; 23. Exhaust port; 24. Valve; 3. Lower perforated plate; 31. Bottom hole; 32. Bottom slide groove; 33. Toothed groove; 4. Upper perforated plate; 41. Lower plate; 411. Through hole one; 412. Slider one; 413. Slide groove one; 414. Groove opening; 42. Middle plate; 421. Through hole two; 422. Filter hole; 423. Filter screen; 424. Slider two; 425. Slide groove two; 43. Upper plate; 431. Through hole three; 432. Slider three; 433. Limiting block; 5. Drive assembly; 51. Motor; 52. Gear; 6. Filter basket; 60. Annular cavity; 61. Filter cylinder; 62. Middle cavity; 63. Top mesh; 64. Annular mesh; 65. Conical cover. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Refer to the instruction manual appendix Figures 1-3 A fouling device for a nitro-to-amine hydrogenation reactor includes a lower tank 2, an upper tank cover 21 installed at the upper end of the lower tank 2, a switching mechanism installed inside the lower tank 2, and a filter basket 6 installed on the switching mechanism; Figure 1 As shown, the lower tank 2 is mounted on the bracket 1, as... Figure 2 As shown, the upper tank cover 21 is installed together with the lower tank 2 via a flange. The top of the lower tank 2 has a feed port 22 and an exhaust port 23, with a valve 24 installed on the exhaust port 23. Materials can be added to the interior of the upper tank cover 21 through the feed port 22. When purging hydrogen from the interior of the upper tank cover 21, nitrogen can be introduced through the feed port 22. When nitrogen is introduced, opening the valve 24 allows the purged gas to be discharged. The valve 24 is connected to a pipeline to discharge the discharged nitrogen and hydrogen to a designated location for safety.

[0035] In this embodiment, as Figures 3-7As shown, the switching mechanism includes a lower perforated plate 3 and an upper perforated plate 4 disposed above the lower perforated plate 3. The upper perforated plate 4 includes a lower plate 41, a middle plate 42, and an upper plate 43. Multiple corresponding bottom holes 31, through holes 411, through holes 421, and through holes 431 are respectively opened in the circumferential direction on the surfaces of the lower perforated plate 3, the lower plate 41, the middle plate 42, and the upper plate 43. Among them, filter holes 422 are opened between adjacent through holes 421, and filter screens 423 are arranged inside the filter holes 422. During the hydrogenation reaction, the bottom holes 31, through holes 411, through holes 421, and through holes 431 are connected. When the filter basket 6 is disassembled, the bottom holes 31 and through holes 411 are staggered, and the through holes 431 are aligned with the filter holes 422.

[0036] In the above technical solutions, such as Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, a drive assembly 5 is installed on the outside of the lower tank 2. The drive assembly 5 is used to drive the lower perforated plate 3 to rotate. A bottom sliding groove 32 is opened on the upper surface of the lower perforated plate 3. A slider 412 is fixed at the bottom of the lower plate 41. The slider 412 slides inside the bottom sliding groove 32.

[0037] Furthermore, the drive assembly 5 includes a motor 51 mounted on the lower tank 2 and a gear 52 mounted on the output shaft of the motor 51. Several toothed grooves 33 are provided on the side wall of the lower perforated plate 3, and a side opening 20 is provided on the side wall of the lower tank 2. The gear 52 meshes with the toothed grooves 33 at the position of the side opening 20.

[0038] It should be noted that the lower perforated plate 3 is rotatably connected to the bracket 1. The motor 51 can drive the lower perforated plate 3 to rotate through the gear 52. A toothed groove 33 is opened on the side wall of the lower perforated plate 3. The purpose is to allow the lower perforated plate 3 to mesh with the gear 52 through the toothed groove 33. The toothed groove 33 is set in the form of a groove so that it will not collide with the lower tank 2, thus ensuring that the rotational connection between the lower perforated plate 3 and the lower tank 2 is not affected.

[0039] It should also be noted that when the lower plate 3 rotates, the end of the bottom groove 32 can contact the slider 412 and push the lower plate 41 to rotate by pushing the slider 412.

[0040] Furthermore, the upper surface of the lower plate 41 is provided with a sliding groove 413, the bottom of the middle plate 42 is fixed with a slider 424, the slider 424 slides inside the sliding groove 413, the upper surface of the middle plate 42 is provided with a sliding groove 425, and the bottom of the upper plate 43 is fixedly installed with a slider 432, the slider 432 slides inside the sliding groove 425.

[0041] It should be noted that when the lower plate 41 rotates, the end of the first slide groove 413 can contact the second slide block 424 and push the second slide block 424 to rotate the middle plate 42. When the middle plate 42 rotates, the end of the second slide groove 425 can contact the third slide block 432 and push the third slide block 432 to rotate the upper plate 43.

[0042] Furthermore, several limiting blocks 433 are fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the upper plate 43, and several slots 201 are opened in the circumferential direction on the top of the lower tank 2, with the limiting blocks 433 located inside the slots 201.

[0043] It should be noted that the limiting block 433 is located inside the slot 201. The slot 201 limits the movement of the upper plate 43 so that it can only move upwards to facilitate its removal from the lower tank 2, but it cannot rotate.

[0044] In summary, when the driving component 5 drives the lower perforated plate 3 to rotate, the lower perforated plate 3 can drive the lower plate 41 to rotate, the lower plate 41 can drive the middle plate 42 to rotate, and the middle plate 42 can drive the upper plate 43 to rotate, thereby changing the relative positions of the bottom hole 31, through hole one 411, through hole two 421, and through hole three 431, so that during the hydrogenation reaction, the bottom hole 31, through hole one 411, through hole two 421, and through hole three 431 are connected; when the filter basket 6 is disassembled, the bottom hole 31 is offset from the through hole one 411, and the through hole three 431 is aligned with the filter hole 422.

[0045] In this embodiment, the angle between the line connecting the center of two adjacent bottom holes 31 and the center of the lower hole plate 3 is α, the rotation angle of the lower hole plate 3 is 3α / 2, the rotation angle of the lower plate 41 is α, and the rotation angle of the middle plate 42 is α / 2.

[0046] It should be noted that, as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, there are six bottom holes 31, six through holes 411, six through holes 421, and six through holes 431. Therefore, the included angle α is 60°, resulting in the lower plate 3 rotating at an angle of 90°, the lower plate 41 rotating at an angle of 60°, and the middle plate 42 rotating at an angle of 30°. In other words, the lower plate 3 rotates 30° relative to the lower plate 41, the lower plate 41 rotates 30° relative to the middle plate 42, and the middle plate 42 rotates 30° relative to the upper plate 43. Additionally, there are six filter holes 422 evenly distributed. The angle between the line connecting the center of any two adjacent filter holes 422 and the center of the middle plate 42 is 60°, and the angle between the line connecting the center of any adjacent through hole 421 and filter hole 422 and the center of the middle plate 42 is 30°.

[0047] Specifically, during the hydrogenation reaction, the bottom hole 31, through hole one 411, through hole two 421, and through hole three 431 are connected. When the filter basket 6 is disassembled, the drive assembly 5 drives the lower perforated plate 3 to rotate. The lower perforated plate 3 rotates 30° relative to the lower plate 41, causing the bottom hole 31 to be misaligned with through hole one 411. The lower plate 41 rotates 30° relative to the middle plate 42, causing through hole one 411 to be misaligned with through hole two 421, but through hole one 411 is aligned with filter hole 422. The middle plate 42 rotates 30° relative to the upper plate 43, causing through hole two 421 to be misaligned with through hole three 431, but filter hole 422 and through hole three 431 are aligned.

[0048] In this embodiment, a slot 414 is provided at one end of the slide groove 413, and the slider 424 can move upward from the slot 414. The lower hole plate 3 is rotatably connected to the middle of the lower plate 41 by a rotating shaft 1, and the upper plate 43 is rotatably connected to the middle of the middle plate 42 by a rotating shaft 2.

[0049] It should be noted that the lower perforated plate 3 and the lower plate 41 are rotatably connected at the middle via a rotating shaft. The lower perforated plate 3 is rotatably installed with the lower tank 2. Therefore, the lower perforated plate 3 and the lower plate 41 can only rotate inside the lower tank 2. The middle plate 42 and the upper plate 43 are rotatably connected at the middle via a rotating shaft. The limiting block 433 is located inside the slot 201. The upper plate 43 and the middle plate 42 can move vertically, and the middle plate 42 can rotate. When the slider 2 424 is located at the slot 414, and the filter basket 6 is removed, the filter basket 6 is removed together with the middle plate 42 and the upper plate 43.

[0050] In this embodiment, the specific implementation method is as follows: during the hydrogenation reaction, the raw material is added into the interior of the upper tank cover 21 through the feed port 22 for reaction. In this state, as... Figures 5-7 As shown, bottom hole 31, through hole one 411, through hole two 421, and through hole three 431 are connected; during the reaction, the liquid phase, after being filtered through filter basket 6, flows downwards through bottom hole 31, through hole one 411, through hole two 421, and through hole three 431 to the lower tank 2. And in this state, as... Figure 6 As shown, slider 1 412 is located on the far right of bottom groove 32, slider 2 424 is located on the far right of groove 1 413, and slider 3 432 is located on the far right of groove 2 425.

[0051] When there is a lot of sediment in the upper canister cover 21, the filter basket 6 needs to be disassembled. At this time, nitrogen needs to be used to replace the hydrogen. In order to improve the replacement efficiency and reduce the amount of nitrogen used, a switching mechanism is used to divide the lower canister 2 into two chambers, with the filter basket 6 located in the upper chamber. In this way, the hydrogen in the upper chamber can be directly replaced without replacing the hydrogen in the lower chamber.

[0052] During replacement, the switch mechanism must first be turned off. Specifically, the motor 51 drives the gear 52 to rotate, and the gear 52 drives the lower hole plate 3 to rotate 90°.

[0053] For the lower perforated plate 3 and the lower plate 41, during the 90° rotation of the lower perforated plate 3, the first 30° is the movement of slider 412 inside the bottom groove 32, moving from the rightmost side to the leftmost side of the bottom groove 32. The next 60° is the synchronous rotation of the lower perforated plate 3 and the lower plate 41, resulting in the lower plate 41 rotating 60°. The result of this rotation is that the bottom hole 31 and the through hole 411 are misaligned.

[0054] For the lower plate 41 and the middle plate 42, during the 60° rotation of the lower plate 41, the first 30° involves the movement of slider 2 424 inside the slide groove 1 413, moving from the rightmost position of the slide groove 1 413 to the leftmost position at the slot opening 414. The subsequent 30° involves the synchronous rotation of the lower plate 41 and the middle plate 42. Therefore, the middle plate 42 rotates 30°, resulting in the through hole 1 411 and through hole 2 421 being misaligned, and through hole 1 411 aligning and connecting with the filter hole 422.

[0055] For the middle plate 42 and the upper plate 43, the middle plate 42 rotates 30° relative to the upper plate 43. The slider 3 432 moves from the rightmost side of the slide groove 2 425 to the leftmost side. As a result of this rotation, the through hole 2 421 and the through hole 3 431 are misaligned, and the through hole 3 431 is aligned and connected to the filter hole 422. The overall rotation result is as follows... Figures 8-10 As shown.

[0056] During disassembly, the upper tank cover 21 is first removed from the top of the lower tank 2. The filter basket 6, upper plate 43, and middle plate 42 are then lifted and removed upwards. During this lifting process, the slider 424 moves upwards from the slot 414. During disassembly, mixed sediment may fall from the filter basket 6 into the through hole 431. The filter screen 423 prevents this mixed sediment from falling to the bottom of the lower tank 2 and causing reactant contamination.

[0057] The above technical solution, by misaligning the bottom hole 31 and through hole 411 before disassembly, divides the interior of the lower tank 2 into two chambers. During hydrogen replacement, the hydrogen in the upper chamber is replaced directly without replacing the hydrogen in the lower chamber, thereby improving replacement efficiency and reducing nitrogen consumption. Furthermore, the lower perforated plate 3 and upper perforated plate 4 serve two purposes: firstly, they separate the chambers; secondly, the filter hole 422 can be rotated out to align with the through hole 431, blocking the bottom of the through hole 431. This prevents mixed deposits from falling into the interior of the lower tank 2 or onto the lower plate 41 (which is not disassembled), thus preventing contamination of the reactants or the lower plate 41. In addition, since the lower orifice plate 3 and the lower plate 41 are installed inside the lower tank 2 and can only rotate, and the slider 1 412 slides inside the bottom groove 32, the slider 2 424 slides inside the groove 1 413, and the slider 3 432 slides inside the groove 2 425, the vertical movement of the middle plate 42 and the upper plate 43 can be restricted during the hydrogenation reaction, preventing mutual vibration during feeding and reaction, and allowing the liquid phase of the reaction to enter between each layer. The cross-sections of the bottom groove 32, slider 1 412, groove 1 413, slider 2 424, groove 2 425, and slider 3 432 are all T-shaped.

[0058] Refer to the instruction manual appendix Figures 3-11 The filter basket 6 includes a filter cylinder 61, the interior of which has an annular cavity 60 for filling with packing material, and a central cavity 62 is provided in the middle of the filter cylinder 61, the bottom of which is connected to the through hole 431.

[0059] Furthermore, a top mesh 63 is installed on the top of the filter cartridge 61, a ring mesh 64 is installed on the outside of the top mesh 63, and a cone cover 65 is installed on the top of the ring mesh 64.

[0060] It should be noted that in the upper tank cover 21, the liquid phase enters the middle cavity 62 from the filter cartridge 61 through the packing material filled in the annular cavity 60, and then enters the lower tank 2 through the bottom hole 31, through hole one 411, through hole two 421, and through hole three 431. When the liquid phase increases, it can enter from the top mesh 63 to the top of the filter cartridge 61, and then flow downward from the middle cavity 62, causing the precipitate to settle downward. The annular cavity 60 is used to block the passage of precipitate, and the annular mesh 64 can slow down the flow in the upper tank cover 21. The packing material is inert particulate packing, such as ceramic balls or quartz balls.

[0061] Working principle: During the hydrogenation reaction, the raw material is added to the inside of the upper tank cover 21 through the feed port 22 for reaction. In this state, the bottom hole 31, through hole one 411, through hole two 421, and through hole three 431 are connected; during the reaction, the liquid phase is filtered through the filter basket 6 and then flows downward through the bottom hole 31, through hole one 411, through hole two 421, and through hole three 431 to the lower tank 2.

[0062] When disassembling the filter basket 6, first drive the lower perforated plate 3 to rotate 90°, the lower plate 41 to rotate 60°, and the middle plate 42 to rotate 30°, so that the bottom hole 31 is offset from the first through hole 411, and the third through hole 431 is aligned with the filter hole 422. Then, use nitrogen to replace the hydrogen.

[0063] Finally, disassembly is carried out. First, the upper tank cover 21 is removed from the top of the lower tank 2 by hoisting. Then, the filter basket 6, the upper plate 43, and the middle plate 42 are hoisted upwards and removed.

[0064] After disassembly, the filter basket 6 is removed and cleaned, and the middle plate 42 and the upper plate 43 are also cleaned. After cleaning, the filter basket 6 is refilled with packing material, and then reassembled. It is then reinstalled by hoisting. After installation, the lower perforated plate 3 needs to be rotated 90° in the opposite direction by the drive assembly 5 so that the lower perforated plate 3, the lower plate 41, the middle plate 42 and the upper plate 43 return to their initial positions, which are the positions where the bottom hole 31, through hole one 411, through hole two 421 and through hole three 431 are connected.

[0065] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fouling device for use in a hydrogenation reactor for converting nitro to amine groups, characterized in that: Includes a lower tank (2), an upper tank cover (21) installed on the upper end of the lower tank (2), a switch mechanism installed inside the lower tank (2), and a filter basket (6) installed on the switch mechanism. The switching mechanism includes a lower perforated plate (3) and an upper perforated plate (4) disposed above the lower perforated plate (3). The upper perforated plate (4) includes a lower plate (41), a middle plate (42) and an upper plate (43). Multiple bottom holes (31) are opened in the circumferential direction on the surface of the lower perforated plate (3). Multiple through holes one (411) are opened in the circumferential direction on the surface of the lower plate (41). Multiple through holes two (421) are opened in the circumferential direction on the surface of the middle plate (42). Multiple through holes three (431) are opened in the circumferential direction on the surface of the upper plate (43). The bottom holes (31), through holes one (411), through holes two (421) and through holes three (431) correspond one-to-one. A filter hole (422) is opened between adjacent through holes two (421). A filter screen (423) is provided inside the filter hole (422). During the hydrogenation reaction, the bottom hole (31), through hole one (411), through hole two (421), and through hole three (431) are connected. When disassembling the filter basket (6), the bottom hole (31) is offset from the first through hole (411), and the third through hole (431) is aligned with the filter hole (422); A drive assembly (5) is installed on the outside of the lower tank (2). The drive assembly (5) is used to drive the lower orifice plate (3) to rotate. A bottom groove (32) is provided on the upper surface of the lower orifice plate (3). A slider (412) is fixed at the bottom of the lower plate (41). The slider (412) slides inside the bottom groove (32). The upper surface of the lower plate (41) is provided with a sliding groove (413), the bottom of the middle plate (42) is fixed with a slider (424), the slider (424) slides inside the sliding groove (413), the upper surface of the middle plate (42) is provided with a sliding groove (425), the bottom of the upper plate (43) is fixed with a slider (432), the slider (432) slides inside the sliding groove (425); The first slide (413) has a slot (414) at one end, the second slider (424) can move upward from the slot (414), the lower hole plate (3) is rotatably connected to the middle of the lower plate (41) by a rotating shaft, and the upper plate (43) is rotatably connected to the middle of the middle plate (42) by a rotating shaft. The angle between the line connecting the center of two adjacent bottom holes (31) and the center of the lower hole plate (3) is α. The angle of rotation of the lower hole plate (3) is 3α / 2, the angle of rotation of the lower plate (41) is α, and the angle of rotation of the middle plate (42) is α / 2. The drive assembly (5) includes a motor (51) mounted on the lower tank (2) and a gear (52) mounted on the output shaft of the motor (51). A plurality of tooth grooves (33) are provided on the side wall of the lower perforated plate (3), and a side opening (20) is provided on the side wall of the lower tank (2). The gear (52) meshes with the tooth grooves (33) at the position of the side opening (20). The filter basket (6) includes a filter cylinder (61), the interior of which has an annular cavity (60) for filling with filler, and a central cavity (62) is provided in the middle of the filter cylinder (61), the bottom of which is connected to the through hole three (431).

2. The fouling device for a nitro-to-amine hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several limiting blocks (433) are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the upper plate (43), and several slots (201) are opened in the circumferential direction at the top of the lower tank (2), with the limiting blocks (433) located inside the slots (201).

3. The fouling device for a nitro-to-amine hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the filter cylinder (61) is fitted with a top mesh (63), a ring mesh (64) is fitted on the outside of the top mesh (63), and a cone cap (65) is fitted on the top of the ring mesh (64).

4. The fouling device for a nitro-to-amine hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the lower tank (2) has a material inlet (22) and an exhaust outlet (23), and a valve (24) is installed on the exhaust outlet (23).

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