Microtopographic landscape irrigation system based on soil moisture monitoring

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of micro-terrain landscape irrigation, in particular to a micro-terrain landscape irrigation system based on soil moisture monitoring, which comprises a landscape water pool, an irrigation execution unit, a liquid level monitoring unit and a controller, driving the irrigation execution unit to output a first pulse water body, and outputting a second pulse water body after a standing window period; the controller extracts a first backflow characteristic value corresponding to the first pulse water body and a second backflow characteristic value corresponding to the second pulse water body based on the liquid level fluctuation of the landscape pool, judges the soil state based on a preset threshold value and triggers a corresponding mode. According to the invention, the isomorphism of surface runoff can be decoupled through double-pulse time sequence difference, so that the real permeation demand of microtopography soil can be accurately identified in a non-contact manner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of micro-topographic landscape irrigation, and in particular to a micro-topographic landscape irrigation system based on soil moisture monitoring. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of modern landscape design, micro-topographic landscapes are widely used due to their rich vertical layers and diverse ecological microenvironments. These landscapes typically employ a closed or semi-closed recirculating water system layout of "slope planting area – central catchment pool," utilizing natural topographic elevation differences to collect irrigation wastewater and rainwater runoff into a central pool at the lowest point. This pool serves both as a decorative water feature and as the core reservoir for recirculating irrigation. To maintain the water balance and vegetation health of this closed ecosystem, a smart control system is usually required to dynamically monitor soil moisture in the micro-topographic area and precisely adjust irrigation intensity accordingly. The core objective is to ensure that plant roots receive sufficient water while avoiding water waste or overflowing of the pool to flood surrounding facilities, and to prevent vegetation from withering due to water shortage during droughts, thereby achieving a high degree of internal water circulation and efficient utilization.

[0003] Currently, in order to achieve precise irrigation control in similar ecological areas, in-depth research and technological deployment have been carried out in related fields. For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN121366055A discloses an intelligent irrigation control system and method for ecological revetments based on multi-source data fusion. This technical solution uses a gridded network of soil moisture sensors deployed at different elevations of the revetment green steps to collect soil volumetric water content at different depths in real time. Combined with meteorological parameters and vegetation growth data, it uses multi-source data fusion and prediction models to dynamically adjust irrigation thresholds and strategies. Simultaneously, the system also uses sonar to monitor the blockage status of underwater fish nest channels. When physical blockage is detected, it promptly clears the blockage and simultaneously adjusts irrigation parameters to ensure the smooth operation and ecological stability of the entire water network system. This existing technology focuses on effectively solving the technical challenge of matching the spatiotemporal distribution of vegetation water demand with the system's water supply capacity through a highly distributed physical sensor network and the mathematical fusion of multi-source heterogeneous data, achieving high control accuracy under well-deployed sensor conditions.

[0004] However, the aforementioned existing technologies face specific application scenario limitations when directly applied to the intensive irrigation cycle control of enclosed micro-topographic landscapes. In actual garden maintenance, due to factors such as construction costs, aesthetic considerations, and the susceptibility of sensor wiring to damage from plant roots or maintenance machinery, it is difficult to densely lay soil sensor networks across the entire micro-topographic slope. The system often needs to resort to a secondary solution: relying on the liquid level recovery rate (i.e., surface runoff collection rate) of the monitoring center's catchment pool as a macroscopic control indicator for inverting soil saturation. In this specific scenario, existing technologies reveal a core technical defect that is difficult to overcome: the control logic cannot effectively identify the isomorphic contradiction between surface runoff signals and the actual soil infiltration demand. Specifically, the physical properties and hydrological conditions of the micro-topographic surface soil are highly deceptive in terms of the physical phenomenon of "surface runoff." After a period of drought, the surface of the micro-topographic slope soil is prone to strong water repellency or the formation of a dense, hardened crust. At this point, if the system starts irrigation, the water cannot overcome surface tension to infiltrate the soil in a short time. Instead, it quickly forms surface runoff and flows back to the central landscape pool, causing the pool level to rise significantly in a short period. The existing single-line feedback control logic directly and linearly correlates this "high backflow signal" characterized by the rapid rise in water level with "soil is fully moistened or saturated," leading to the erroneous decision to stop irrigation. This is actually a "false saturation" phenomenon caused by the physical resistance of the soil surface, ultimately resulting in severe water shortage in the deeper soil layers and the death of vegetation due to lack of effective infiltration. Conversely, when the soil is indeed truly saturated and has absorbed enough water, subsequent irrigation water will also flow into the pool due to the inability of soil volumetric resistance to infiltrate, exhibiting the same rapid rise in water level. These two diametrically opposed soil ecological needs—"water-repellent drought" and "volumetric true saturation"—create completely overlapping signal appearances at the water collection point. Existing technologies lack a non-contact time-series discrimination mechanism, which cannot decouple the difference between physical surface impedance and soil volume impedance. It cannot identify the true infiltration needs inside the micro-topographic soil through the same liquid level rise phenomenon, leading to misjudgment and cessation of irrigation when the soil most needs water to break up compaction or water-repellent layer. This can easily cause serious consequences such as plant death and ineffective water resource recycling during system operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to decouple the isomorphism of surface runoff through dual-pulse time-series difference decomposition, thereby accurately identifying the actual infiltration needs of micro-topographic soil in a non-contact manner, this application provides a micro-topographic landscape irrigation system based on soil moisture monitoring.

[0006] The micro-topographic landscape irrigation system based on soil moisture monitoring provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A micro-topographic landscape irrigation system based on soil moisture monitoring includes a landscape water tank, an irrigation execution unit, a liquid level monitoring unit, and a controller:

[0007] The controller is configured to execute dual-pulse active excitation detection logic, drive the irrigation execution unit to output a first pulse of water, and after experiencing a settling window period for attenuating soil surface tension, output a second pulse of water equal in amount to the first pulse of water.

[0008] The controller, based on the water level fluctuations of the landscape pool monitored by the water level monitoring unit, extracts a first backflow feature value corresponding to the first pulse water body and a second backflow feature value corresponding to the second pulse water body, and determines the soil condition based on a preset threshold.

[0009] When the first backflow characteristic value is greater than the preset high backflow threshold and the second backflow characteristic value is less than the preset low backflow threshold, it is determined to be a water-repellent false saturation state caused by soil surface tension, and the intermittent film-breaking irrigation mode is triggered.

[0010] When both the first reflux characteristic value and the second reflux characteristic value are greater than the preset high reflux threshold, it is determined to be a true volumetric saturation state, and the irrigation lockout mode is triggered.

[0011] Optionally, the controller is configured to enter a pre-resting period before starting the dual-pulse active excitation detection logic to execute a dynamic zero-point calibration procedure, and to calculate the natural liquid level decline rate per unit time to construct a dynamic background baseline that eliminates environmental interference.

[0012] The controller is further configured to perform net backflow increment calculation using the dynamic background baseline, and to logically superimpose the measured liquid level rise values ​​of the first pulse water body and the second pulse water body during the observation period with the theoretical liquid level compensation values ​​generated based on the dynamic background baseline, and assign the net backflow increment obtained therefrom to the first backflow characteristic value and the second backflow characteristic value, respectively.

[0013] Optionally, the controller is configured to run timing alignment and baseline locking logic:

[0014] The duration of the settling window is set to be greater than the soil water-repellent film rupture time threshold in order to cover the evolution cycle of the physical tension of the soil surface.

[0015] Simultaneously, the output power and runtime parameters of the first pulsed water body and the second pulsed water body are kept consistent, providing a unified physical differential benchmark for the net return flow increment calculation.

[0016] Optionally, the controller is configured to execute a physical slab identification procedure:

[0017] When the first reflux characteristic value and the second reflux characteristic value both fall within the permeability resistance range between the high reflux threshold and the low reflux threshold, and the differential attenuation rate between the two is lower than the preset tension response threshold, it is determined that a dense physical crust has been formed on the soil surface, and the system is defined as a physical compaction state.

[0018] In response to this state, the controller triggers a low-intensity flooding mode, calls a micro-pressure permeation parameter below the rated frequency to drive the irrigation execution unit to perform a long-term softening permeation on the dense physical crust.

[0019] Optionally, the controller is configured to execute deep water shortage response logic:

[0020] When both the first backflow characteristic value and the second backflow characteristic value are lower than the low backflow threshold, it is determined to be a high permeability water demand state, triggering the full-speed linkage replenishment mode and simultaneously opening the irrigation execution unit and the external water replenishment valve;

[0021] Simultaneously, a feedforward water balance control program is run to monitor the evolution slope of the first and second reflux characteristic values ​​within a continuous period. When the evolution slope shows an exponential upward trend, the external water supply valve is closed in advance before the liquid level in the landscape pool reaches the physical overflow point.

[0022] Optionally, the controller is configured to execute the intermittent film-breaking irrigation mode:

[0023] The discrete water injection program is run to drive the irrigation execution unit to switch cyclically between micro-pulse water injection and tension dissipation static state, and the water injection power is limited to a level lower than the preset surface runoff generation threshold.

[0024] The controller maintains this cycle until it detects that both the first backflow characteristic value and the second backflow characteristic value have decayed to the preset effective infiltration range, and determines that the soil has recovered its water absorption capacity.

[0025] Optionally, the controller is configured to run dynamic duty cycle constraint logic:

[0026] The duration of a single micro-pulse water injection is limited to a value lower than a preset surface runoff collection time threshold, so that the water injection volume is adapted to the roughness retention capacity of the micro-topographic surface.

[0027] Meanwhile, the duration of tension dissipation and settling is set to be greater than the preset vertical gravity infiltration threshold, and the alternating wet and dry action generated by the cycle is used to destroy the water-repellent film structure on the soil surface.

[0028] Optionally, it may also include an active overflow unit connected to the landscape pool;

[0029] The controller is configured to execute hysteresis backflow defense logic after the irrigation lockout mode is triggered:

[0030] The rate of liquid level rise in the landscape pool is monitored in real time to identify the continuous increase in liquid level caused by soil lag interflow.

[0031] When the liquid level is detected to be approaching the preset safety warning threshold, the active overflow unit is driven to perform defensive venting, and the venting power is dynamically adjusted to offset the inflow of the soil lag flow.

[0032] Optionally, the controller is configured to run a signal fidelity preprocessing procedure before extracting the first return current feature value and the second return current feature value:

[0033] The sampling frequency of the liquid level monitoring unit is set to be higher than the preset water surface fluctuation frequency threshold, and the collected raw liquid level data is subjected to spectral denoising.

[0034] Optionally, the controller is configured to perform a logic validity check procedure using the data processed by the signal fidelity preprocessor:

[0035] Based on the total output of the first pulse water body and the second pulse water body and the cross-sectional area of ​​the landscape pool, a preset physical backflow limit threshold is established.

[0036] If the calculated net backflow increment exceeds the physical backflow limit threshold, it is determined that there is external water intrusion, triggering the detection interruption and reset logic, and terminating the dual-pulse active excitation detection logic.

[0037] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0038] 1. This application, through an innovative design of dual-pulse active excitation and temporal differential detection, successfully decouples the isomorphic contradiction of surface runoff signals in micro-topographic irrigation. The system utilizes the evolution of soil surface physical tension caused by the static window between the first and second pulses to differentiate the two fundamentally different states—"water-repellent pseudo-saturation" and "volumetric true saturation"—which appear identical in terms of liquid level recovery, into a combination of distinct backflow characteristic values. This enables non-contact, precise identification of the soil's true infiltration needs, overcoming the core defect of existing technologies that lead to erroneous irrigation stoppages during soil water-repellent drought periods, resulting in vegetation death due to water shortage.

[0039] 2. Based on the quantitative judgment logic of dual-pulse reflux characteristic values, this application enables the system to accurately identify and distinguish various soil states, including water-repellent pseudo-saturation, volumetric true saturation, physical compaction, and high permeability water demand, and trigger strictly corresponding adaptive irrigation modes. For example, it triggers an intermittent film-breaking mode for water-repellent pseudo-saturation and a low-intensity flooding mode for physical compaction. This targeted irrigation strategy based on accurate diagnosis of soil physical state significantly improves water use efficiency and achieves intelligent matching between irrigation actions and the actual needs of vegetation.

[0040] 3. This application significantly enhances monitoring accuracy and operational stability in complex outdoor environments by introducing multiple safeguard mechanisms, including dynamic zero-point calibration, net backflow increment calculation, signal fidelity preprocessing, and logic validity verification. Simultaneously, the hysteresis backflow defense logic and feedforward water balance control program effectively address dynamic disturbances such as hysteresis in-soil flow and external water replenishment, proactively preventing the risk of water tank overflow, thereby ensuring the long-term safe, reliable, and automated operation of the entire closed-loop irrigation system. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a logic flowchart of the irrigation system;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic background baseline;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of state determination and adaptive irrigation mode. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-3 This application will be described in further detail.

[0045] This application discloses a micro-topographic landscape irrigation system based on soil moisture monitoring. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the micro-topographic landscape irrigation system based on soil moisture monitoring aims to decouple surface runoff isomorphism through dual-pulse temporal difference decomposition, thereby achieving non-contact and accurate identification of the actual infiltration needs of micro-topographic soils. The following steps will be described in detail:

[0046] S1 System Hardware Selection and Connection Deployment

[0047] S11 Core Unit Selection

[0048] S111 Landscape Pool Selection

[0049] For common micro-topographical landscapes ranging from 100㎡ to 500㎡ with slopes of 5° to 15°, the effective volume of the landscape pond is designed to be 5m³ to 10m³. This volume range can well meet the water storage needs of a single complete irrigation cycle, while also taking into account the storage capacity after rainwater runoff. A level sensor mounting hole is installed at the center of the pond bottom, 10cm below the bottom. This depth effectively avoids interference from bottom sediments on the sensor probe, ensuring the accuracy of the level monitoring data. An active overflow interface is installed on the upper part of the pond wall, with the center elevation of the interface 10cm below the physical overflow point of the pond. This design specifically addresses the characteristics of delayed soil runoff, reserving sufficient buffer space to effectively prevent the pond from overflowing due to sudden runoff.

[0050] S112 Irrigation Execution Unit and Flow Monitoring Selection

[0051] A variable frequency centrifugal sprinkler pump is selected as the core actuator, with a rated power of 1.5kW and a frequency adjustment range covering 20Hz to 50Hz. This allows for flexible adaptation to the pressure and flow requirements of different irrigation modes, such as intermittent film breaking and low-intensity flooding. An adjustable micro-sprinkler tape with an orifice diameter of 0.8mm is used, and this orifice diameter has been tested multiple times in the field to ensure uniform water coverage across the entire micro-topographical area. High-precision electromagnetic flow sensors are installed at both the sprinkler pump outlet and the external water supply valve outlet. The sensors measure from 0m³ / h to 10m³ / h with an accuracy controlled within ±0.5%. This dual flow sensor configuration not only accurately verifies the consistency of the output volume of the dual-pulse water body but also measures the external water supply flow in real time during full-speed linkage replenishment mode, providing a complete physical differential benchmark for calculating the net return increment under subsequent complex operating conditions.

[0052] S113 Liquid Level Monitoring Unit Selection

[0053] Employing a high-precision magnetostrictive level sensor, the system measures from 0m to 2m with a resolution of 0.01mm and a linear error controlled within ±0.05%FS. This sub-millimeter-level measurement accuracy is essential for capturing level changes on the order of 0.01mm / min, ensuring the effectiveness of dynamic zero-point calibration. The sensor sampling frequency is adjustable from 1Hz to 10Hz, allowing the system to adjust the sampling density based on environmental interference. The sensor probe is fixed to the mounting hole at the bottom of the pool using a stainless steel bracket. A rigid waveguide structure prevents swaying errors caused by water flow impact. The cable runs along the pool wall and undergoes multi-layer waterproofing to ensure stable and high-fidelity data transmission.

[0054] S114 Controller Selection

[0055] An industrial-grade PLC controller is selected, equipped with 4 analog input interfaces and 8 digital output interfaces. The analog input interfaces are specifically used to receive detection data from devices such as level sensors and flow sensors, while the digital output interfaces directly control the start / stop and operating status of actuators such as sprinkler pumps, external water supply valves, and active overflow units. The controller's calculation cycle is controlled within ≤10ms, and its fast computing power ensures real-time processing of dual-pulse detection data and timely issuance of control commands, perfectly matching the real-time requirements of logics such as dual-pulse timing detection and rapid soil condition determination. The controller has a built-in Modbus communication protocol, supporting data interaction with external management terminals, which facilitates real-time monitoring of system operation status and reserves space for future functional expansion.

[0056] S115 Active Overflow Unit Selection

[0057] The active overflow unit consists of an electrically adjustable weir gate and a DN50 discharge pipeline. The adjustable weir gate's travel range is designed from 0cm to 5cm, allowing for precise adjustment of the discharge cross-sectional area based on the liquid level rise rate, adapting to different intensities of interflow inflow. The weir gate's response time is controlled to ≤2s, ensuring timely initiation of discharge when the liquid level approaches the safety warning threshold, preventing risks caused by continuous liquid level rise. The weir gate is equipped with a position sensor with an accuracy of ±0.1mm, providing real-time feedback on the weir gate's opening height. This allows the controller to dynamically adjust the discharge power, ensuring precise matching between the discharge flow rate and the interflow inflow. This dynamic adjustment mechanism specifically addresses the difficulty in predicting delayed interflow in soil conditions, improving system operational stability.

[0058] S12 device connection deployment

[0059] S121 Communication Connection Deployment

[0060] The controller establishes communication connections via an RS485 bus with the sprinkler pump frequency converter, magnetostrictive level sensor, active overflow unit drive module, and two flow sensors (corresponding to the sprinkler pump and water supply valve, respectively). The RS485 bus features strong anti-interference capabilities and long transmission distances, making it well-suited to the complex outdoor environment of gardens. The controller's digital output interface connects directly to the external water supply valve and the soil compaction audible and visual alarm. The external water supply valve is an electromagnetic valve with a nominal diameter of DN25 and an operating pressure range covering 0.1MPa to 0.6MPa, enabling rapid response to controller commands. This end-to-end communication architecture ensures that the controller can acquire real-time flow data and high-precision level data from all inlet and outlet water channels, achieving digital closed-loop management of water volume.

[0061] S122 power supply line deployment

[0062] The power supply lines for the sprinkler pump, external water supply valve, and active overflow unit are all equipped with independent circuit breakers. The rated currents of the circuit breakers are set at 10A, 5A, and 5A respectively. These values ​​are precisely calculated based on the rated power and peak operating current of each device, effectively protecting the power supply lines and equipment and preventing damage due to overload or short circuit. The power supply lines use waterproof insulated cables, laid along concealed paths, avoiding damage from garden maintenance machinery and reducing corrosion from harsh outdoor weather, ensuring a long-term stable power supply for the system.

[0063] S123 Power-on Testing and Deployment

[0064] After all equipment is connected, a comprehensive power-on test is conducted. The first step is to check the power supply to each device, confirming there are no short circuits, leakage, or other safety hazards. The second step is to start the controller and verify smooth communication with the sprinkler pump inverter, level sensor, active overflow unit, and other devices. The third step is to issue test commands through the controller to check the accuracy of the sprinkler pump's start / stop, frequency adjustment, external water supply valve opening / closing, and active overflow unit weir gate raising / lowering actions. During the test, detailed records of each device's operating parameters and response status are kept to ensure all devices work together normally, providing reliable hardware support for the smooth execution of core logic such as dual-pulse detection and soil condition determination.

[0065] S2 Dynamic Zero-Point Calibration and Background Baseline Construction

[0066] S21 Preparatory Settling Period Start-up

[0067] After completing the power-on debugging in step S1 and confirming that all equipment is working properly, the controller performs a comprehensive equipment initialization check before activating the dual-pulse active excitation detection logic. The controller verifies the on / off status of the irrigation pump, external water supply valve, and active overflow unit one by one, ensuring that all three are in the off position. Simultaneously, it confirms that the data acquisition function of the level sensor is stable, with no data loss, jumps, or other anomalies. After the initialization check passes, the system officially enters the pre-setup period, which lasts for [duration missing]. The duration is set to 10 minutes. This duration was determined through comparative tests under various climatic conditions (sunny, cloudy, and light wind). It can effectively offset the instantaneous hydraulic disturbance after the equipment starts up, and also fully capture the stable patterns of environmental disturbances such as natural evaporation, wind-driven water, and pool leakage, providing reliable basic data support for subsequent accurate calibration.

[0068] S22 Liquid Level Natural Recession Rate Calculation

[0069] During the initial settling period, the liquid level monitoring unit continuously collects liquid level data from the landscape pool, strictly adhering to the 5Hz sampling frequency set in S1. The collected raw data is transmitted to the controller for processing in real time. The controller first filters and refines the raw data, identifying and removing values ​​deviating from the average by 0.2mm as outliers. These outliers are often caused by sudden disturbances such as strong winds or water splashing; removing them significantly improves data accuracy. Subsequently, the controller uses the least squares method to perform linear fitting on the remaining valid data. The slope of the fitted line is used to accurately calculate the natural liquid level receding rate per unit time. The unit is mm / min. This value comprehensively reflects the superimposed effect of multiple interference factors in the current environment and is a core parameter for subsequently removing environmental interference and obtaining true return flow data.

[0070] S23 Dynamic Background Baseline Generation

[0071] like Figure 2 As shown, the controller uses the natural receding rate of the liquid level as the core parameter, combined with the initial liquid level value recorded at the start of the pre-settling period. This generates a dynamic background baseline. The dynamic change pattern of the baseline follows... ,in The settling time is limited to a value between 0 and 1. Between these points, a dynamic background baseline is updated in real time as the settling time progresses, accurately depicting the continuous impact of environmental disturbances on the water level in the pool when there is no irrigation. This design solves the problem of distorted monitoring data caused by environmental disturbances in traditional irrigation systems. By constructing a dynamic baseline, the influence of environmental disturbances can be effectively removed when calculating the return flow characteristic values, allowing the final return flow characteristic values ​​to truly and objectively reflect the soil's acceptance of the pulsed water body. This provides a precise data foundation for decoupling the isomorphism of surface runoff generation using a dual-pulse temporal differential method.

[0072] S3 Dual-Pulse Active Excitation Detection Execution

[0073] S31 Timing and Output Parameter Locking

[0074] After generating the dynamic background baseline in step S2, the controller first verifies the baseline stability. The controller continuously tracks the fluctuation of the natural liquid level receding rate for 3 minutes. When the fluctuation amplitude stabilizes within ≤±0.05 mm / min (this threshold matches the detection capability of the magnetostrictive sensor in S113), the baseline is determined to be stable, and the timing alignment and baseline locking logic is initiated. The controller then sets the settling window period... The duration is set to 8 minutes. This duration was determined through tests on the water-repellent film rupture characteristics of common micro-topographic soils such as loam and sand. The rupture time threshold for water-repellent films in common soils is between 3 and 6 minutes. The 8-minute settling window can fully cover the evolution cycle of the physical tension of the soil surface, ensuring that the water-repellent film on the soil surface can fully decay during the settling period after the first pulse of water spraying, creating conditions for the actual infiltration detection of the second pulse. Simultaneously, the controller uniformly locks the dual-pulse output parameters: the sprinkler pump operating frequency is set to 40Hz, which is 80% of the rated frequency. This ensures that the pulsed water has sufficient intensity to form a measurable backflow signal without causing erosion damage to the soil surface due to excessive power; the single-run duration... The time is set to 3 minutes. The controller uses real-time feedback data from the sprinkler pump flow sensor installed in S1 to dynamically calibrate the output of the two pulses, ensuring that the deviation of the total water volume output between the two pulses is controlled within ≤±2%. This strict parameter uniformity design provides a unified physical differential benchmark for subsequent net return increment calculations.

[0075] S32 First Pulse Water Output and Data Acquisition

[0076] The controller sends precise control commands to the sprinkler pump frequency converter, and the sprinkler pump starts running at a locked 40Hz frequency for 3 minutes, evenly spraying the first pulse of water onto the micro-topography landscape area.

[0077] During spraying, the liquid level monitoring unit strictly adheres to the 5Hz sampling frequency set in S1, continuously collecting liquid level data from the landscape pool. The collected raw data is transmitted to the controller in real time and stored. Simultaneously, the controller records the actual running time of the irrigation pump and the cumulative flow data from the flow sensor. By comparing the cumulative flow with the preset output, it ensures that the output of the first pulse of water fully meets the set requirements, providing reliable basic data for differential comparison of the return characteristics of the second pulse of water.

[0078] S33 Execution during the static window period

[0079] After the first pulse of water is output, the controller immediately sends a shutdown command to the sprinkler pump inverter, the sprinkler pump stops running, and the system officially enters the settling window period.

[0080] During the settling period, the liquid level monitoring unit continuously collects water level data from the pool at a frequency of 5Hz, and the data is transmitted to the controller in real time. The controller compares the real-time liquid level data with the dynamic background baseline generated by S2 in real time to monitor for abnormal liquid level fluctuations caused by sudden interference. When the liquid level fluctuation exceeds 0.5mm / min, the controller determines that there is a sudden interference (such as short-term heavy rainfall or external pipeline leakage), immediately suspends the current detection and records the abnormal state, and restarts the detection process after the interference is eliminated; if the liquid level fluctuation is within the allowable range, the liquid level data is continuously stored to fully record the attenuation process of soil surface tension during the settling period.

[0081] S34 Second Pulse Water Output and Data Acquisition

[0082] After the settling window ends, the controller sends a control command to the sprinkler pump inverter again. The sprinkler pump sprays the second pulse of water onto the micro-topography landscape area with parameters exactly the same as the first pulse: 40Hz operating frequency and 3min running time.

[0083] During the output process, the flow sensor provides real-time flow data, and the controller synchronously compares the cumulative flow of the two pulses. When the deviation between the two cumulative flow values ​​exceeds ±2%, the controller terminates the current detection and initiates a parameter calibration program, readjusting the sprinkler pump operating parameters to ensure equal output from both pulses. When the deviation is controlled within ±2%, the two pulses are deemed to output completely equal volumes of water, and the controller continuously stores the original liquid level data collected by the liquid level monitoring unit. This timing design of "detecting the pulse first, allowing it to attenuate, and then verifying the pulse" constructs a differential detection mechanism for soil infiltration characteristics under non-contact conditions, providing complete dual-pulse response data support for subsequent decoupling of surface runoff isomorphism and accurate identification of the actual soil infiltration needs.

[0084] S4 Reflux Feature Extraction and Signal Processing

[0085] S41 Signal Fidelity Preprocessing

[0086] After completing the dual-pulse water output and data acquisition in step S3, the controller obtains the original liquid level data corresponding to the two pulses. Before extracting the reflux feature value, signal fidelity preprocessing is first performed to eliminate interference for accurate feature extraction.

[0087] The controller confirms that the sampling frequency of the liquid level monitoring unit remains at 5Hz. This sampling frequency was determined based on the water surface fluctuation characteristics test of the micro-topography landscape pool. The water surface fluctuation frequency threshold in common outdoor environments is 2Hz. The sampling frequency of 5Hz is higher than this threshold, which can completely capture the low-frequency liquid level changes caused by pulsed water backflow and avoid the loss of backflow characteristic information due to insufficient sampling density.

[0088] Simultaneously, the controller performs spectral denoising processing on the collected raw liquid level data. A Butterworth low-pass filter is selected, with the filter cutoff frequency set to 1Hz. This cutoff frequency has been calibrated through multiple comparative tests, effectively eliminating high-frequency interference signals such as wind and equipment vibration while completely preserving the liquid level change trend dominated by backflow. The smoothness of the filtered data is verified by the moving standard deviation; when the standard deviation is ≤0.05mm, the data is considered to be of acceptable fidelity. This dual-dimensional preprocessing design of "sampling frequency guarantee + spectral denoising" solves the pain points of high interference and low accuracy in liquid level monitoring data under complex outdoor environments, laying a reliable foundation for the accurate extraction of subsequent backflow feature values.

[0089] S42 Net Backflow Increment Calculation

[0090] S421 Observation Period Setting

[0091] The controller is configured with dedicated observation periods for each of the two pulses, covering the entire spraying and runoff collection process. To fully capture the liquid level changes from the start of water injection to complete runoff collection, the observation period for the first pulse is set to begin at the start of the first pulse (T=0) and end 5 minutes after the first pulse ends (total duration 8 minutes). Similarly, the observation period for the second pulse is set to begin at the start of the second pulse and end 5 minutes after the second pulse ends (total duration 8 minutes). The length of this time period ( (+5min) was determined through micro-topographic surface runoff confluence experiments to ensure that the liquid level changes throughout the entire process from the start of water injection to the end of runoff confluence can be fully captured. This corrects the signal omission problem caused by the traditional logic only observing the period after water injection and ensures the physical integrity of the backflow characteristic value calculation.

[0092] S422 Measured Liquid Level Rise Calculation

[0093] The controller extracts the initial and final liquid levels for two pulse observation periods from the qualified data after signal fidelity preprocessing. By calculating the difference between the two, it obtains the measured liquid level rise value of the first pulse. Compared with the measured liquid level rise value of the second pulse All units are in mm. This calculation process directly reflects the intuitive impact of pulsed water reflux on the water level in the pool.

[0094] S423 Theoretical Liquid Level Compensation Value Calculation

[0095] The controller calls the dynamic background baseline generated in step S2 to calculate the environmental disturbance compensation value during the observation period. Since the observation period has been adjusted to cover the entire water injection and confluence process (8 minutes), the environmental disturbance compensation value... This value quantifies the drop in liquid level caused by environmental disturbances such as natural evaporation and wind-driven water flow. Simultaneously, the controller uses the actual cumulative flow rate recorded in step S3 based on the first and second pulses. and the known cross-sectional area of ​​the landscape pool. Calculate the dynamic liquid level compensation value caused by irrigation pumping. The calculation formula is: This value represents the theoretical drop in water level in the pool caused solely by the pump drawing water, without considering backflow.

[0096] S424 reflux characteristic value assignment

[0097] The controller performs net reflux increment calculation, logically adding the measured liquid level rise, environmental disturbance compensation value, and dynamic liquid level compensation value. The specific calculation logic is: Net reflux increment = Measured liquid level rise + Environmental disturbance compensation value + Dynamic liquid level compensation value. From this, the first reflux characteristic value is obtained. and the second reflux characteristic value This superposition calculation method, which includes dynamic compensation, corrects the negative growth deviation of liquid level caused by water source suction in the closed-loop system. This allows the final reflux characteristic value to truly and accurately reflect the actual reflux volume generated after the soil accepts the pulsed water body, providing the core data support at the physical level for the accurate determination of subsequent soil conditions.

[0098] S43 Logical validity check

[0099] S431 Physical Backflow Limit Threshold Setting

[0100] The controller presets a physical backflow limit threshold based on the single-pulse water output and the cross-sectional area of ​​the landscape pool. The single-pulse water output is precisely calibrated to 0.2 m³ via step S3. Taking a circular landscape pool with a diameter of 3 m as an example, its cross-sectional area is approximately 7.07 m². The cross-sectional area is calculated using the conversion relationship between volume and area. That is, 0.2m³ ÷ 7.07㎡ ≈ 28mm. This threshold represents the theoretical maximum liquid level rise of a single pulse of water under the extreme condition of no infiltration. It is a rigorous physical benchmark for determining whether there is external water intrusion (such as rainfall). If the measured net backflow increment exceeds this physical limit, there must be external interference in the system.

[0101] S432 Anomaly Detection and Handling

[0102] The controller compares the calculated net return current increment with the physical return current limit threshold. If... or Exceed If the water level is within ±5%, it is determined that there is an external water intrusion, such as sudden rainfall or leakage from external pipelines. In this case, the controller immediately triggers the detection interrupt and reset logic, shutting down all execution units to avoid invalid detections and false judgments. After the liquid level stabilizes for 10 minutes, the controller restarts the pre-resting period and begins a new round of detection. This proactive validity verification mechanism eliminates the impact of sudden external interference on the detection logic, significantly improving the stability of system operation and the reliability of detection results.

[0103] S5 Soil Condition Quantitative Determination

[0104] S51 Threshold Calibration

[0105] After step S4 completes the extraction of reflux feature values, the controller calls up four pre-stored quantization thresholds. These thresholds are all calibrated through a combination of indoor infiltration tests and field measurements of sandy soil, loam, and clay, covering the characteristic range of common micro-topographic soils, and providing a unified and reliable benchmark for accurately determining soil condition.

[0106] S511 High Backflow Threshold Setting

[0107] The high backflow threshold was determined to be 17 mm. This value is derived from a summary of a large amount of experimental data and is converted based on the physical backflow limit threshold (28 mm) calculated by S431. When the backflow characteristic value is greater than 17 mm, the proportion of pulsed water backflow exceeds 60%, which means that the soil surface layer has a weak ability to accept water. Most of the water cannot infiltrate effectively and flows back to the landscape pond in the form of surface runoff. This threshold becomes the key boundary for distinguishing the strength of soil acceptance capacity.

[0108] S512 Low Backflow Threshold Setting

[0109] The low backflow threshold was determined to be 8 mm. When the backflow characteristic value is less than 8 mm, the backflow ratio of the pulsed water body is less than 30%, indicating that the soil has a strong ability to absorb water. Most of the pulsed water body can quickly infiltrate into the soil and meet the soil's water replenishment needs, providing a clear standard for judging whether the soil is short of water.

[0110] S513 Permeability Resistance Range Setting

[0111] The permeability resistance range is defined as 8 mm to 17 mm, which falls between the high and low backflow thresholds. When the soil backflow characteristic value is within this range, it indicates that the soil has a certain degree of permeability resistance, but has not reached a severe resistance state. Water infiltration and backflow form a relatively balanced intermediate state, providing a basis for identifying the transitional permeability characteristics of the soil.

[0112] S514 Tension Response Threshold Setting

[0113] The tension response threshold is set to 10%. This threshold is used to determine the degree of response of soil surface tension to pulsed water, specifically by calculating the differential attenuation rate of two backflow characteristic values. This will enable us to provide core criteria for accurately distinguishing between soil water repellency and physical compaction.

[0114] S52 Status Determination Execution

[0115] like Figure 3 As shown, the controller will use the first return flow characteristic value calculated by S4. With the second reflux characteristic value By substituting the quantitative judgment logic into each soil condition, and by leveraging the temporal difference of the dual pulses, the surface runoff isomorphism was successfully decoupled, enabling non-contact and accurate identification of the soil's true infiltration needs.

[0116] S521 Determination of False Saturation State of Hydrorepellency

[0117] when Greater than 17mm and When the thickness is less than 8mm, the controller determines that the soil is in a state of pseudo-saturation due to water repellency. During the first pulse spray, the water-repellent film formed on the surface of the dry soil is not broken, preventing water infiltration and causing rapid backflow, resulting in... The water level is slightly high; after the settling window, the surface soil is moistened, the water-repellent film gradually breaks down, and the second pulse of water can be quickly absorbed by the soil, making it... The results are low. This judgment logic based on the difference in timing of two pulses breaks through the limitations of traditional technology and successfully distinguishes between "water-repellent drought" and "true saturation," two soil states that appear similar but are essentially opposite. This allows the system to accurately identify the soil's true water shortage needs through the uniform appearance of surface runoff.

[0118] S522 Determination of True Saturation State of Volumetric Properties

[0119] when Greater than 17mm and When the difference in water flow is greater than 17 mm, the controller determines that the soil is in a state of true volumetric saturation. At this point, the return rate of the two pulsed water flows both exceed 60%, and the difference between the two return characteristic values ​​is ≤1 mm, indicating that the soil pores are completely filled with water and no longer have the capacity to absorb additional water. The stability of the return signal directly reflects the steady-state characteristics of the soil's volumetric impedance, clearly indicating that the soil is indeed saturated and no further irrigation is needed.

[0120] S523 Physical Compaction Status Determination

[0121] when and When both soil layers are within the 8mm to 17mm permeability resistance range, and the differential attenuation rate between them is less than 10%, the controller determines that the soil is in a physically compacted state. Even after a settling window period of infiltration, the soil recirculation rate remains at a moderate level without significant attenuation, indicating that a dense physical crust has formed on the soil surface, with a permeability coefficient lower than [a certain value]. It is not simply a water-repellent effect. This precise judgment logic allows the system to effectively distinguish between physical compaction and water-repellent phenomena, providing a scientific basis for the subsequent activation of targeted irrigation modes.

[0122] S524 High Permeability Water Demand Status Determination

[0123] when Less than 8mm and When the water level is less than 8 mm, the controller determines that the soil is in a state of high permeability and water demand. The return rate of the two pulse water bodies is less than 30%, indicating that the soil is deeply water-deficient, has sufficient internal pore space, and has a strong ability to accept water. It can quickly absorb the pulse water body and there is no obvious surface runoff, clearly indicating that the soil urgently needs to be replenished with water.

[0124] S6 Adaptive Irrigation Mode Execution

[0125] S61 intermittent film-breaking irrigation mode (corresponding to water-repellent pseudo-saturation state)

[0126] After S5 determines that the soil is in a state of pseudo-saturation due to water repellency, the controller immediately starts the intermittent film-breaking irrigation mode. Through a discrete water injection program, the water-repellent film on the soil surface is specifically destroyed to solve the problem of water infiltration.

[0127] S611 Pulse Parameter Setting

[0128] The controller invokes dynamic duty cycle constraint logic to precisely set irrigation parameters: the sprinkler pump operating frequency is set to 25Hz, which is 50% of the rated frequency, ensuring that the water injection power is below the surface runoff generation threshold; the single injection duration is set to 30s, which is below the surface runoff collection time threshold of 60s, allowing the water injection volume to accurately match the roughness retention capacity of the micro-topography surface and avoid generating ineffective runoff. The tension dissipation settling time is set to 2 minutes, which is greater than the vertical gravity infiltration threshold of 1 minute. Through the alternating wet and dry action formed by the cycle, the water-repellent film structure on the soil surface is continuously disrupted, creating conditions for water infiltration.

[0129] S612 Cyclic Execution and Termination Conditions

[0130] The controller drives the irrigation unit to cycle between micro-pulse water injection and a static state where the soil tension dissipates. After every three complete cycles, the controller re-collects the return flow characteristic value, continuously tracking changes in the soil's water-receiving capacity. When both the first and second return flow characteristic values ​​decay to the effective infiltration range of 3mm to 8mm, it is determined that the soil has recovered its normal water-receiving capacity, and the controller immediately terminates the intermittent film-breaking irrigation mode. This cyclical, targeted irrigation design creatively avoids the ineffective erosion of water-repellent soils caused by traditional irrigation, breaking the water-repellent film in a gentle and efficient manner, thus improving water use efficiency.

[0131] S62 irrigation lockout mode (corresponding to true volumetric saturation state)

[0132] After S5 determines that the soil is in a state of true volumetric saturation, the controller quickly triggers the irrigation lockout mode to prevent resource waste and safety hazards caused by over-irrigation.

[0133] S621 execution unit shut down

[0134] The controller immediately issues a shutdown command, simultaneously shutting down the sprinkler pump and external water supply valve, terminating the current irrigation task, preventing subsequent water from continuously flowing into the soil that can no longer accept it, and minimizing the ineffective consumption of water resources.

[0135] S622 delayed backflow defense logic execution

[0136] The controller activates the delayed backflow defense logic, monitoring the water level rise rate of the landscape pool in real time at a frequency of 1Hz. When the water level rise rate reaches 0.5mm / min and persists for 30 seconds, it is determined that delayed soil backflow has entered the pool. At this time, the controller drives the electric regulating weir of the active overflow unit to open, dynamically adjusting the weir opening height according to the water level rise rate, with an adjustment range covering 0cm to 5cm. This ensures that the discharge flow rate precisely matches the backflow flow rate, guaranteeing that the pool water level remains below the physical overflow point. This dynamic adaptive discharge design solves the industry pain point of unpredictable delayed soil backflow, significantly improving the safety and stability of the system operation.

[0137] S63 low-intensity diffuse immersion mode (corresponding to physical compaction state)

[0138] After S5 determines that the soil is in a physically compacted state, the controller starts a low-intensity flooding mode to soften the dense physical crust through gentle and sustained irrigation.

[0139] S631 Operating Parameter Settings

[0140] The controller uses micro-pressure permeation parameters below the rated frequency, reducing the sprinkler pump's operating frequency to 30Hz, which is 60% of the rated frequency, and strictly controlling the output pressure below 0.1MPa. Micro-sprinkler tapes are used for drip irrigation, with a single irrigation duration set to 60 minutes. This duration was determined through a softening test of the compacted layer, allowing water to slowly penetrate 5cm to 10cm below the compacted layer, gradually softening the dense structure. This avoids erosion and damage to the compacted layer by high-pressure water flow while ensuring the softening effect.

[0141] S632 maintenance notice issued

[0142] During irrigation, the controller sends an alarm signal indicating "soil compaction requires loosening" to the management terminal via RS485 bus. The alarm information includes the current first and second backflow characteristic values, as well as the corresponding compaction level: 8mm to 11mm for mild compaction, 11mm to 14mm for moderate compaction, and 14mm to 17mm for severe compaction. This provides accurate and intuitive reference for manual maintenance, enabling synergy between mechanical irrigation and manual maintenance.

[0143] S64 full-speed coordinated replenishment mode (for high permeability water demand conditions)

[0144] After S5 determines that the soil is in a state of high permeability and water demand, the controller starts the full-speed linkage replenishment mode, which quickly replenishes the soil with water while accurately maintaining the water balance of the landscape pool.

[0145] S641 Equipment Interlocking Control

[0146] The controller simultaneously activates the irrigation execution unit and the external water supply valve: the sprinkler pump operates at full power at the rated frequency of 50Hz, rapidly delivering water to the micro-topographic area to meet the water replenishment needs of deeply water-deficient soil; the external water supply valve is fully open, continuously replenishing the landscape pool with water, ensuring that the pool level is stably maintained within the set range of 0.8m to 1.2m, providing a stable water source guarantee for continuous irrigation.

[0147] S642 Feedforward Water Balance Control

[0148] The controller runs the feedforward water balance control program, executing real-time reflux calculation logic including water replenishment correction. Since the external water replenishment valve is open at this time, the controller reads the inlet flow data from the external water replenishment valve's flow sensor in real time. ) and the outflow data of the sprinkler pump flow sensor ( ), combined with the real-time liquid level change rate monitored by the liquid level sensor ( The system calculates the real-time net backflow rate based on the mass conservation formula. Specifically, it subtracts the theoretical level rise caused by external water injection from the total monitored level increase, thus separating the characteristic changes caused solely by soil backflow. Based on this corrected data, the controller calculates the equivalent evolution slope of the first and second backflow characteristic values ​​every 5 minutes. When the slope growth rate reaches 50% for three consecutive cycles, exhibiting an exponential upward trend, it indicates that the soil is about to reach saturation, and the backflow increment will increase rapidly. The controller closes the external water injection valve 3 minutes in advance to reserve sufficient water pool volume for the soil's lagging interflow, preventing overflow from exceeding 5%. This feedforward control design, which introduces water injection flow correction, successfully solves the logical defect of traditional systems that cannot distinguish signal sources under concurrent water injection and backflow conditions, ensuring accurate prediction of overflow risk even under full-speed water injection.

[0149] The implementation principle of the micro-topographic landscape irrigation system based on soil moisture monitoring in this application embodiment is as follows: This system executes a dual-pulse active excitation detection logic, that is, it outputs two equal-volume pulses of water successively, and sets a static window period in between to attenuate soil surface tension. Based on the fluctuation of the landscape water tank level, it extracts the backflow characteristic values ​​corresponding to the two pulses respectively, and combines dynamic zero-point calibration and net backflow increment calculation to isolate environmental and pumping interference. Thus, it effectively distinguishes between the two types of "water-repellent false saturation" caused by the water-repellent film on the soil surface and "volumetric true saturation" caused by soil volume saturation by utilizing the temporal difference between the two pulses. The system's ability to identify the true infiltration needs of micro-topographic soils without contact, based on the identical appearance of the single-line monitoring, enables targeted triggering of adaptive irrigation modes such as intermittent membrane rupture and low-intensity flooding. This fundamentally solves the problem of misjudgment and irrigation stoppage caused by the inability of traditional irrigation control logic to decouple the isomorphism of surface runoff, and avoids vegetation death due to water shortage and ineffective water resource circulation under water-repellent drought conditions. At the same time, the system ensures safe and stable operation under true saturation or compaction conditions through feedforward water balance and hysteresis backflow defense mechanisms, realizing efficient, accurate and intelligent utilization of water resources in micro-topographic closed water cycle scenarios.

[0150] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A micro-topographic landscape irrigation system based on soil moisture monitoring, characterized in that, Includes a landscape pond, irrigation execution unit, liquid level monitoring unit, and controller: The controller is configured to execute dual-pulse active excitation detection logic, drive the irrigation execution unit to output a first pulse of water, and after experiencing a settling window period for attenuating soil surface tension, output a second pulse of water equal in amount to the first pulse of water. The controller, based on the water level fluctuations of the landscape pool monitored by the water level monitoring unit, extracts a first backflow feature value corresponding to the first pulse water body and a second backflow feature value corresponding to the second pulse water body, and determines the soil condition based on a preset threshold. When the first backflow characteristic value is greater than the preset high backflow threshold and the second backflow characteristic value is less than the preset low backflow threshold, it is determined to be a water-repellent false saturation state caused by soil surface tension, and the intermittent film-breaking irrigation mode is triggered. When both the first reflux characteristic value and the second reflux characteristic value are greater than the preset high reflux threshold, it is determined to be a true volumetric saturation state, and the irrigation lockout mode is triggered.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller is configured to enter a preparatory resting period before activating the dual-pulse active excitation detection logic to execute a dynamic zero-point calibration procedure, and to calculate the natural liquid level decline rate per unit time to construct a dynamic background baseline that eliminates environmental interference. The controller is further configured to perform net backflow increment calculation using the dynamic background baseline, and to logically superimpose the measured liquid level rise values ​​of the first pulse water body and the second pulse water body during the observation period with the theoretical liquid level compensation values ​​generated based on the dynamic background baseline, and assign the net backflow increment obtained therefrom to the first backflow characteristic value and the second backflow characteristic value, respectively.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The controller is configured to run timing alignment and baseline locking logic: The duration of the settling window is set to be greater than the soil water-repellent film rupture time threshold to cover the evolution cycle of soil surface physical tension. Simultaneously, the output power and runtime parameters of the first pulsed water body and the second pulsed water body are kept consistent, providing a unified physical differential benchmark for the net return flow increment calculation.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The controller is configured to execute a physical slab identification procedure: When the first reflux characteristic value and the second reflux characteristic value both fall within the permeability resistance range between the high reflux threshold and the low reflux threshold, and the differential attenuation rate between the two is lower than the preset tension response threshold, it is determined that a dense physical crust has been formed on the soil surface, and the system is defined as a physical compaction state. In response to this state, the controller triggers a low-intensity flooding mode, calls a micro-pressure permeation parameter below the rated frequency to drive the irrigation execution unit to perform a long-term softening permeation on the dense physical crust.

5. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The controller is configured to execute deep water shortage response logic: When both the first backflow characteristic value and the second backflow characteristic value are lower than the low backflow threshold, it is determined to be a high permeability water demand state, triggering the full-speed linkage replenishment mode and simultaneously opening the irrigation execution unit and the external water replenishment valve; Simultaneously, a feedforward water balance control program is run to monitor the evolution slope of the first and second reflux characteristic values ​​within a continuous period. When the evolution slope shows an exponential upward trend, the external water supply valve is closed in advance before the liquid level in the landscape pool reaches the physical overflow point.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller is configured to execute the intermittent film-breaking irrigation mode: The discrete water injection program is run to drive the irrigation execution unit to switch cyclically between micro-pulse water injection and tension dissipation static state, and the water injection power is limited to a level lower than the preset surface runoff generation threshold. The controller maintains this cycle until it detects that both the first backflow characteristic value and the second backflow characteristic value have decayed to the preset effective infiltration range, and determines that the soil has recovered its water absorption capacity.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The controller is configured to run dynamic duty cycle constraint logic: The duration of a single micro-pulse water injection is limited to a value lower than a preset surface runoff collection time threshold, so that the water injection volume is adapted to the roughness retention capacity of the micro-topographic surface. Meanwhile, the duration of tension dissipation and settling is set to be greater than the preset vertical gravity infiltration threshold, and the alternating wet and dry action generated by the cycle is used to destroy the water-repellent film structure on the soil surface.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an active overflow unit connected to the landscape pool; The controller is configured to execute hysteresis backflow defense logic after the irrigation lockout mode is triggered: The rate of liquid level rise in the landscape pool is monitored in real time to identify the continuous increase in liquid level caused by soil lag interflow. When the liquid level is detected to be approaching the preset safety warning threshold, the active overflow unit is driven to perform defensive venting, and the venting power is dynamically adjusted to offset the inflow of the soil lag flow.

9. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The controller is configured to run a signal fidelity preprocessing procedure before extracting the first return current feature value and the second return current feature value: The sampling frequency of the liquid level monitoring unit is set to be higher than the preset water surface fluctuation frequency threshold, and the collected raw liquid level data is subjected to spectral denoising.

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The controller is configured to perform a logic validity check procedure using data processed by the signal fidelity preprocessor. Based on the total output of the first pulse water body and the second pulse water body and the cross-sectional area of ​​the landscape pool, a preset physical backflow limit threshold is established. If the calculated net backflow increment exceeds the physical backflow limit threshold, it is determined that there is external water intrusion, triggering the detection interruption and reset logic, and terminating the dual-pulse active excitation detection logic.

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