Slope protection net and geological disaster monitoring protection system

Abstract

The invention provides a slope protection net and a geological disaster monitoring and protection system. The slope protection net comprises a rope net and a plurality of resistance detection elements. The rope net is formed by weaving a plurality of ropes, and each rope comprises conductive fibers; the rope net comprises a plurality of weaving nodes, and each weaving node is formed by crossing or crosswise winding at least two ropes; the weaving nodes are located between the adjacent first rope sections and second rope sections in the same rope, located between the adjacent first rope sections of two different ropes and located between the adjacent second rope sections of two different ropes. The plurality of resistance detection elements are fixedly connected with the rope net, each resistance detection element comprises a controller and at least two detection probes connected with the controller, and the at least two detection probes comprise a first detection probe and a second detection probe; and in the same resistance detection element, the first detection probe and the second detection probe are respectively connected with two adjacent rope sections of the same rope. The slope geological disaster early warning effect can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of slope protection net technology, specifically to a slope protection net and a geological disaster monitoring and protection system. Background Technology

[0002] Geological disasters, such as mudslides, rockfalls, and landslides, occur frequently worldwide, posing a serious threat to people's lives and property. However, in many remote mountainous areas or regions with limited development, due to cost constraints, inexpensive slope protection cables are still widely used. These traditional protective structures only have passive protection functions and cannot provide early detection and warning of disasters, making it difficult to avoid losses caused by disasters.

[0003] From the perspective of disaster occurrence mechanisms, geological disasters such as landslides are sudden, with macroscopic damage often occurring instantaneously. However, the preceding gestation stage is usually accompanied by a long period of strain accumulation and the development of internal defects. This strain accumulation window provides a critical time opportunity for early risk detection, warning, and proactive intervention. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a solution that can proactively sense and warn of slope protection netting. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a slope protection net, including: A rope net is woven from multiple ropes, each rope including conductive fibers; the rope net includes multiple weaving nodes, each weaving node being formed by at least two ropes crossing or intertwining; each rope includes multiple rope segments, the multiple rope segments including multiple first rope segments and multiple second rope segments arranged alternately along the length direction of the rope, wherein any two adjacent rope segments are respectively a first rope segment and a second rope segment; the weaving node is located between adjacent first rope segments and second rope segments in the same rope, and between adjacent first rope segments of two different ropes and between adjacent second rope segments of two different ropes; Multiple resistance sensing elements are fixedly connected to the rope net. Each resistance sensing element includes a controller and at least two detection probes connected to the controller. The at least two detection probes include a first detection probe and a second detection probe. In the same resistance sensing element, the first detection probe and the second detection probe are respectively connected to two adjacent rope segments of the same rope. The first detection probe is electrically connected to the conductive fibers of the first rope segment, and the second detection probe is electrically connected to the conductive fibers of the second rope segment.

[0005] In some embodiments, the conductive fiber includes a fiber matrix and carbon nanotubes doped within the fiber matrix.

[0006] In some embodiments, the conductive fiber includes a fiber matrix and graphene covering the outside of the fiber matrix.

[0007] In some embodiments, the rope includes a core and multiple strands of conductive fibers surrounding the core, wherein the core is made of an insulating material and / or a waterproof material. And / or, the rope further includes a first encapsulation layer covering the outside of the multistrand conductive fibers; And / or, the resistance sensing element further includes a second encapsulation layer covering the outside of the controller.

[0008] In some embodiments, the plurality of ropes includes a plurality of first ropes and a plurality of second ropes, the first ropes and second ropes being intertwined to form at least one braided node; each of the resistance detection elements further includes a third detection probe and a fourth detection probe connected to the controller; in the first ropes and second ropes intertwined to form the same braided node, the first detection probe is electrically connected to the conductive fibers in the first rope segment of the first rope, the second detection probe is electrically connected to the conductive fibers in the second rope segment of the first rope, the third detection probe is electrically connected to the conductive fibers in the first rope segment of the second rope, and the fourth detection probe is electrically connected to the conductive fibers in the second rope segment of the second rope.

[0009] In some embodiments, the slope protection net further includes a plurality of support structures, each of the resistance detection elements being fixed to a support structure, the support structure covering a portion of the rope segment adjacent to the weaving node; each support structure is provided with at least two detection pinholes, each detection pinhole exposing at least a portion of the first rope segment or at least a portion of the second rope segment of a rope, and each detection probe being inserted into one of the detection pinholes and in contact with the conductive fiber.

[0010] In some embodiments, the surface of the support structure away from the braiding node is provided with a first magnetic layer, the detection pinhole penetrates through the first magnetic layer, the surface of the resistance detection element near the braiding node is provided with a second magnetic layer, the detection probe and the second magnetic layer are located on the same side of the resistance detection element, and the second magnetic layer is used to magnetically connect with the first magnetic layer. And / or, the support structure includes a cavity and a plurality of openings communicating with the cavity, each of the braided nodes is located in one of the cavities of the support structure, and each of the rope segments extends from one of the openings respectively.

[0011] This application also provides a geological disaster monitoring and protection system, including: As mentioned above, the slope protection net also has a communication unit in its resistance detection element. The communication unit is electrically connected to the controller and is used to send the data collected by the controller. The processor is communicatively connected to the communication unit, receives data sent by the communication unit, and processes it.

[0012] In some embodiments, the processor includes: The data processing unit is configured to receive data detected by the resistance sensing element and perform feature extraction on the data, extracting the average strain rate and spectral features within a specific time period to obtain a data frame; The model analysis unit is configured to receive the data frame processed by the data processing unit and analyze the data frame through a spatiotemporal graph neural network model. The graph vertices of the spatiotemporal graph neural network model correspond to the spatial coordinates of the weaving nodes of the slope protection net, and the graph edges of the spatiotemporal graph neural network model correspond to the deformation propagation direction. The model is then compared with a landslide disaster evolution model to obtain the matching degree between the features corresponding to the data frame and the landslide precursor features. The early warning unit generates an early warning message when the matching degree exceeds a preset threshold.

[0013] In some embodiments, the geological disaster monitoring and protection system further includes a verification unit, which is configured to establish and improve a “strain-resistance-disaster-early warning” mapping database based on centrifuge physical model tests and multi-field coupled numerical simulations. The mapping database is used to verify the early warning information of the early warning unit in the processor.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this application include: In this embodiment, conductive fibers are incorporated into the rope. When the rope's braided nodes move under pressure from the rock mass, adjacent rope segments forming the braided nodes are subjected to tension. Under this tension, the resistance of the conductive fibers within the rope changes. Two detection probes of the resistance detection element are connected to the conductive fibers in adjacent rope segments of the same rope. Thus, a complete current-conducting circuit is formed between the first detection probe, the conductive fiber within the rope, and the second detection probe. Based on a pre-established resistance-strain mapping relationship, the resistance change can be converted into a deformation value, quantitatively reflecting the local deformation of the slope protection net. Corresponding protective measures can then be taken based on the degree of deformation. Therefore, the resistance detection element can actively and in real-time sense and monitor the minute strain of the slope protection net's ropes, enabling accurate identification and early warning of geological disasters. Compared to passive protection in related technologies, the actively sensing slope protection net provided in this embodiment offers more significant early warning and protection against geological disasters.

[0015] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and will become apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0017] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a slope protection net 10 provided in this application; Figure 2 As shown Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 3 Image (a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the resistance sensing element 500 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 3 As shown in (b) Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the resistance sensing element 500 in (a); Figure 4 As shown Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 5 As shown Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point C; Figure 6 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a slope protection net provided in another exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 7 As shown Figure 6 A magnified structural diagram of the braided nodes; Figure 8 The image shown is a strain data diagram of a conductive fiber provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0018] In the diagram: 10-Slope protection net; 100-Support rope; 200-Sewing rope; 300-Anchor bolt; 400-Rope net; 401-Weaving node; 410-Rope; 410a-First rope; 410b-Second rope; 411-First rope segment; 412-Second rope segment; 4101-Conductive fiber; 4102-Rope core; 4103-First encapsulation layer; 500-Resistance detection element; 510-Detection probe; 510a-First detection probe; 510b-Second detection probe; 510c-The... Three detection probes; 510d - Fourth detection probe; 520 - Second magnetic layer; 530 - Printed circuit board; 540 - Second encapsulation layer; 541 - Waterproof layer; 542 - Light-blocking layer; 600 - Support structure; 610 - Detection pinhole; 610a - First detection pinhole; 610b - Second detection pinhole; 610c - Third detection pinhole; 610d - Fourth detection pinhole; 620 - First magnetic layer; 630 - Opening; 630a - First opening; 630b - Second opening; 630c - Third opening; 630d - Fourth opening. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present application will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which embodiments are illustrated.

[0020] While terms such as "first," "second," etc., can be used to describe various components, such components are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. Where there is no conflict, the features in the embodiments described below in this application may complement or combine with each other.

[0021] In the accompanying drawings, the symbols “x”, “y”, and “z” are used to indicate directions. The x, y, and z directions are not limited to the three mutually perpendicular directions in a Cartesian coordinate system and can be interpreted in a broader sense. For example, the x, y, and z directions can be perpendicular to each other, or they can represent different directions that are not perpendicular to each other. Exemplarily, x indicates a first direction, y indicates a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and z indicates a third direction perpendicular to both the first and second directions. The first direction x, the second direction y, and the third direction z can correspond to the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, and the thickness direction, respectively.

[0022] In the accompanying drawings, the dimensions and thicknesses of the elements may be enlarged for better understanding, clarity, and ease of description. However, this application is not limited to the dimensions and thicknesses shown in the drawings. The thicknesses of layers, films, panels, areas, and other elements may be exaggerated in the drawings for clarity. Example embodiments are shown in the drawings, wherein the same reference numerals denote the same elements.

[0023] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a slope protection net 10 provided in this application. Figure 1 As shown, the slope protection net 10 includes a support rope 100, a stitching rope 200, an anchor rod 300, and a rope net 400. The nodes of the support rope 100 are fixed by the anchor rod 300 inserted into the rock mass, and the rope net 400 is fixed to the support rope 100 by the stitching rope 200.

[0024] Figure 2 As shown Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle. Figure 6 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a slope protection net 10 provided in another exemplary embodiment of this application; further combined with Figure 2 or Figure 6 As shown, the rope net 400 is woven from multiple ropes 410, each rope 410 including conductive fibers 4101 (see...). Figure 4 The rope net 400 includes multiple weaving nodes 401, each weaving node 401 being formed by at least two ropes 410 crossing or intertwining; each rope 410 includes multiple rope segments 411, 412, the multiple rope segments 411, 412 including multiple first rope segments 411 and multiple second rope segments 412 arranged alternately along the length direction of the rope 410, wherein any two adjacent rope segments are respectively the first rope segment 411 and the second rope segment 412; the weaving node 401 is located between adjacent first rope segments 411 and second rope segments 412 in the same rope 410, and is located between adjacent first rope segments 411 of two different ropes 410 and between adjacent second rope segments 412 of two different ropes 410.

[0025] Figure 3 Image (a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the resistance sensing element 500 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 3 As shown in (b) Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the resistance sensing element 500 in (a) is shown. Figure 3As shown, the slope protection net 10 also includes multiple resistance detection elements 500 fixedly connected to the rope net 400. Each resistance detection element 500 includes a controller (not shown in the figure) and at least two detection probes 510 connected to the controller. The at least two detection probes 510 include a first detection probe 510a and a second detection probe 510b. In the same resistance detection element 500, the first detection probe 510a and the second detection probe 510b are respectively connected to two adjacent rope segments 411 and 412 of the same rope 410, and the first detection probe 510a is electrically connected to the conductive fiber 4101 of the first rope segment 411, and the second detection probe 510b is electrically connected to the conductive fiber 4101 of the second rope segment 412. It should be noted that... Figure 6 The weaving nodes 401 of the slope protection net 10 shown can also be equipped with a resistance detection element (not shown in the figure) for detecting the resistance at the weaving node 401.

[0026] Therefore, in this embodiment, conductive fibers 4101 are provided inside the rope 410. When the braided node 401 of the rope 410 moves under the pressure of the rock mass, the two adjacent rope segments 411 and 412 of the same rope 410 used to form the braided node 401 will be subjected to tension. Under tension, the resistance of the conductive fibers 4101 inside the rope 410 will change. Since the two detection probes 510 of the resistance detection element 500 are respectively connected to the conductive fibers 4101 in the two adjacent rope segments 411 and 412 of the same rope 410, the first detection probe 510a - the conductive fiber 4101 inside the rope 410 - the second detection probe 510b form a complete current conduction circuit. Based on the pre-established 'resistance-strain' mapping relationship, the resistance change can be converted into a deformation degree value, thereby quantitatively reflecting the local deformation of the slope protection net 10, and taking corresponding protective measures according to the degree of deformation. Therefore, the resistance detection element 500 can actively and in real-time sense and monitor the minute strain of the ropes 410 of the slope protection net 10, enabling accurate identification and early warning of geological disasters. Compared with passive protection in related technologies, the actively sensing slope protection net 10 provided in this embodiment offers more significant early warning and protection against geological disasters.

[0027] Specifically, the slope protection net 10 is classified according to its weaving method. In some embodiments, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the slope protection net 10 can be a chain link mesh. In the same rope 410, the extension directions of the first rope segment 411 and the second rope segment 412 are different, representing intersecting first direction x and second direction y, respectively. In other embodiments, such as... Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the slope protection net 10 can also be a crisscross cable net. In the same rope 410, the extension direction of the first rope segment 411 is the same as the extension direction of the second rope segment 412, and the rope crossings at the weaving nodes are fixedly connected by metal buckles (bearing structure 600).

[0028] In some embodiments, the controller may be integrated into Figure 3 On the printed circuit board 530 (PCB) in (b).

[0029] In some embodiments, multiple ropes 410 in the rope net 400 are intertwined to form multiple grids, and the shape of the grids can be rectangular or rhomboid.

[0030] In some embodiments, the size of the grid ranges from 5 cm × 5 cm to 20 cm × 20 cm. Preferably, the size of the grid is 10 cm × 10 cm.

[0031] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the resistance sensing element 500 can be fixed at the braiding node 401. Thus, the distance between the resistance sensing element 500 and the two different rope 410 segments of the same rope 410 is relatively close, which facilitates the establishment of electrical connection between the conductive fibers 4101 in the two different rope 410 segments of the same rope 410.

[0032] In some embodiments, the tips of the detection probes 510 of the resistance detection element 500 are inserted into the rope 410 segment to achieve electrical connection with the conductive fibers 4101 in the rope segments 411, 412.

[0033] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point B. (Combined with...) Figure 4As shown, the conductive fiber 4101 includes a fiber matrix and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (not shown) doped within the fiber matrix. Thus, the carbon nanotubes can construct a three-dimensional conductive network within the conductive fiber 4101. The large aspect ratio of the carbon nanotubes causes some contact points within the conductive network to break when the conductive fiber is stretched, resulting in a significant change in resistance. Therefore, even with minor deformation of the slope protection net 10, the change in resistance can be detected, improving measurement resolution. Furthermore, by controlling the doping concentration of the carbon nanotubes, the initial resistance of the conductive fiber 4101 can be controlled within an ideal range, simplifying the measurement circuit and enhancing anti-interference capabilities. Additionally, carbon nanotubes possess high strength and elastic modulus, allowing the doped conductive fiber 4101 to withstand tens of thousands of tensile cycles with minimal resistance drift and good stability, avoiding baseline drift caused by material fatigue. Moreover, carbon nanotubes are also sensitive to temperature; therefore, a temperature sensor can be installed on the rope net 400 to obtain the ambient temperature and detect the air temperature conditions at which the slope protection net 10 is located.

[0034] In some embodiments, the fiber matrix can be made of polyester fiber, such as thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyaniline, or polyimide.

[0035] In some embodiments, the conductive fiber 4101 includes a fiber matrix and graphene (not shown) covering the outer side of the fiber matrix. In this embodiment, when the conductive fiber 4101 is coated with graphene, the smooth surface and uniform conductivity of graphene allow the detection probe 510 of the resistance detection element 500 to form a low-resistance ohmic contact when it comes into contact with the graphene, avoiding the problems of random contact points and large resistance fluctuations in the conductive fiber 4101 of carbon nanotubes. Graphene can prevent moisture from penetrating into the conductive fiber 4101, reducing resistance drift caused by humidity. Graphene can shield external electromagnetic signals, reducing their interference with weak resistance signals and improving detection accuracy. Furthermore, graphene itself has a piezoresistive effect, providing a more linear response under small strain.

[0036] In some embodiments, the conductive fiber 4101 includes a fiber matrix, carbon nanotubes doped inside the fiber matrix, and graphene covering the outside of the fiber matrix. Thus, the conductive fiber 4101 can have dual-mode strain sensing capability, exhibiting a negative resistance mode for small strains and a positive resistance mode for significant strains.

[0037] Specifically, as verified by experiments, such as Figure 8 As shown, during the stretching process of the rope net 400, when the strain of the conductive fiber is micro-strained (e.g., <1%) in the initial state, cracks are generated in the graphene on the outside of the fiber matrix, resulting in a sudden and sharp increase in resistance.

[0038] When the strain of the conductive fiber is within a small strain range (e.g., ≤5%~8%), the three-dimensional conductive network constructed by the carbon nanotubes within the conductive fiber 4101 is activated, increasing the conductive pathways. As the strain increases, the resistance gradually decreases, exhibiting a negative resistance effect. This can be used to test whether the slope protection net 10 adheres to the rock surface.

[0039] When the strain of the conductive fiber exceeds the micro-strain level and reaches the medium-to-large strain range (>5%~8%), the graphene layer fractures or debonds, disrupting the three-dimensional conductive network of carbon nanotubes within the conductive fiber 4101. This reduces the conductive pathways, and as the strain increases, the resistance gradually increases, exhibiting a positive resistance effect. This can be used for landslide early warning in the slope protection net 10. Furthermore, the interface between the carbon nanotubes and graphene can form a stress dissipation interface. Thus, when the rope 410 is stretched, the stress is absorbed by interface slippage and network deformation, maintaining the continuity of the conductive pathways, resulting in smoother and more reversible resistance changes, and improving the stability of the stretching-release cycle.

[0040] Experiments have verified that when the conductive fiber 4101 includes a fiber matrix, carbon nanotubes doped inside the fiber matrix, and graphene covering the outside of the fiber matrix, the conductivity retention rate is higher than 90% when the length of the conductive fiber 4101 after being stretched is 3 times the length before being stretched. Furthermore, after undergoing more than 100,000 complete mechanical cycles of stretching and releasing, it exhibits cycle durability with no significant performance degradation.

[0041] In some embodiments, a porous graphene layer can be formed on the surface of a fiber matrix by coating the surface of graphene oxide (GO) with a laser and then performing laser reduction.

[0042] It should be noted that this embodiment can achieve the design of the linear and nonlinear resistance change regions of strain sensing by adjusting the ratio and distribution of carbon nanotubes and graphene.

[0043] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the rope 410 includes a rope core 4102 and multiple strands of conductive fibers 4101 surrounding the rope core 4102. The rope core 4102 is made of an insulating material. This prevents the rope core 4102 from affecting the composite conductive structure constructed by the conductive fibers 4101.

[0044] In other embodiments, the rope 410 includes a rope core 4102 and multiple strands of conductive fibers 4101 surrounding the rope core 4102, the rope core 4102 being made of a waterproof material. This prevents water from penetrating the rope 410 and spreading along the axial direction of the rope 410, thus avoiding any impact on the conductivity of the conductive fibers 4101.

[0045] For example, the material of the rope core 4102 can be fluororubber or other polymers.

[0046] In some embodiments, the number of strands of conductive fibers in the rope can be 7.

[0047] In some embodiments, the rope 410 may be manufactured using a modular weaving process.

[0048] In some embodiments, continue to combine Figure 4 As shown, the rope 410 also includes a first encapsulation layer 4103 covering the outside of the multiple strands of conductive fibers 4101. The first encapsulation layer 4103 can be used to protect the conductive fibers 4101 inside the rope 410 from ultraviolet radiation or moisture corrosion, enabling the rope 410 to adapt to harsh outdoor environments. The material of the first encapsulation layer 4103 may include a light-blocking material. Further, the material of the first encapsulation layer 4103 may be a light-absorbing material or a reflective material. For example, the material of the first encapsulation layer 4103 may include polyurethane, silicone, or a silicone-polyurethane composite coating, etc.

[0049] In some embodiments, the diameter of the rope 410 ranges from 6 to 10 mm.

[0050] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 2 As shown, the multiple ropes 410 include multiple first ropes 410a and multiple second ropes 410b, which are intertwined to form at least one weaving node 401; combined with Figure 3 As shown, each resistance detection element 500 further includes a third detection probe 510c and a fourth detection probe 510d connected to the controller; in the first rope 410a and the second rope 410b that are cross-wound to form the same braid node 401, the first detection probe 510a is electrically connected to the conductive fiber 4101 in the first rope segment 411 of the first rope 410a, the second detection probe 510b is electrically connected to the conductive fiber 4101 in the second rope segment 412 of the first rope 410a, the third detection probe 510c is electrically connected to the conductive fiber 4101 in the first rope segment 411 of the second rope 410b, and the fourth detection probe 510d is electrically connected to the conductive fiber 4101 in the second rope segment 412 of the second rope 410b. Therefore, the same resistance detection element 500 can simultaneously measure the first rope 410a and the second rope 410b used to form the braided node 401. The deformation orientation at the braided node 401 can be determined by the difference in resistance change signals of the first rope 410a and the second rope 410b. This allows for the determination of the possible location of a landslide in the rock mass, enabling early assessment of the location of geological disasters and the implementation of corresponding protective measures through early warning.

[0051] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 As shown Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point C. The slope protection net 10 also includes multiple supporting structures 600. Each resistance detection element 500 is fixed to a supporting structure 600. The supporting structure 600 covers portions of rope segments 411 and 412 adjacent to the weaving node 401. Each supporting structure 600 has at least two detection pinholes 610. Each detection pinhole 610 exposes at least a portion of the first rope segment 411 or at least a portion of the second rope segment 412 of a rope 410. Each detection probe 510 is inserted into a detection pinhole 610 and contacts the conductive fiber 4101. Thus, the points to be tested on the rope 410 can be pre-set on the supporting structure 600, allowing the detection probe 510 on the resistance detection element 500 to directly insert into the corresponding detection pinhole 610 on the supporting structure 600 to achieve resistance detection. This simplifies the testing operation and improves testing efficiency.

[0052] Specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, the detection pinholes 610 of the supporting structure 600 include a first detection pinhole 610a, a second detection pinhole 610b, a third detection pinhole 610c, and a fourth detection pinhole 610d. The first detection probe 510a is inserted into the first detection pinhole 610a, the second detection probe 510b is inserted into the second detection pinhole 610b, to detect the strain signal of the first rope 410a. The third detection probe 510c is inserted into the third detection pinhole 610c, and the fourth detection probe 510d is inserted into the fourth detection pinhole 610d, to detect the strain signal of the second rope 410b.

[0053] In some embodiments, a first magnetic layer 620 is provided on the surface of the support structure 600 away from the braiding node 401, and a detection pinhole 610 penetrates the first magnetic layer 620. A second magnetic layer 520 is provided on the surface of the resistance detection element 500 near the braiding node 401. The detection probe 510 and the second magnetic layer 520 are located on the same side of the resistance detection element 500, and the second magnetic layer 520 is used for magnetic connection with the first magnetic layer 620. Thus, the resistance detection element 500 and the support structure 600 are magnetically connected, which facilitates the installation, fixing, and disassembly of the resistance detection element 500. This allows for flexible selection of the installation position of the resistance detection element 500 on the rope net 400, and the detection position can be flexibly changed.

[0054] In some embodiments, the support structure 600 includes a cavity (not shown) and a plurality of openings 630 communicating with the cavity. Each braided node 401 is located within the cavity of a support structure 600, and each rope 410 segment extends from one opening 630. Thus, the support structure 600 can be fitted onto the braided node 401 of the rope net 400 through the openings 630, achieving a fixed connection between the support structure 600 and the rope net 400 while preventing the support structure 600 from affecting the flexible stretching of the rope 410 at the braided node 401.

[0055] For example, the plurality of openings 630 include a first opening 630a, a second opening 630b, a third opening 630c, and a fourth opening 630d; wherein, a first rope segment 411 of the first rope 410a extends from the first opening 630a, a second rope segment 412 of the first rope 410a extends from the second opening 630b, a first rope segment 411 of the second rope 410b extends from the third opening 630c, and a second rope segment 412 of the second rope 410b extends from the fourth opening 630d.

[0056] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown in (b), the resistance sensing element 500 also includes a second encapsulation layer 540 covering the outside of the controller. The second encapsulation layer 540 protects the controller on the printed circuit board 530 from external environmental factors such as ultraviolet light and moisture.

[0057] In some embodiments, the second encapsulation layer 540 includes a waterproof layer 541 and a light-blocking layer 542 sequentially covering the surface of the printed circuit board 530. Exemplarily, the waterproof layer 541 may be made of fluororubber, and the light-blocking layer 542 may be made of a silicone-polyurethane composite coating.

[0058] In some embodiments, the slope protection net 10 further includes a third encapsulation layer (not shown in the figure), which covers the outer side of the load-bearing structure 600 and the resistance sensing element 500. This makes the fixation between the resistance sensing element 500 and the load-bearing structure 600 more secure, minimizing the possibility of relative positional shift between the detection probe of the resistance sensing element and the weaving node, and further preventing positional shifts from reducing the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0059] In some embodiments, the material of the third encapsulation layer may include at least one of fluororubber and silicone-polyurethane composite coating, to prevent moisture from seeping into the detection pinholes of the support structure 600 and causing the conductive fibers 4101 inside the rope 410 to become wet.

[0060] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a geological disaster monitoring and protection system, including a slope protection net 10 as provided in the foregoing embodiments and a processor. The resistance detection element 500 of the slope protection net 10 is further provided with a communication unit, which is electrically connected to the controller and used to transmit data collected by the controller. The processor is communicatively connected to the communication unit, receives the data transmitted by the communication unit, and processes it.

[0061] In this embodiment, the measured resistance signal can be transmitted to the processor for further processing through the communication unit within the resistance detection element 500, so as to provide early warning of landslide disasters in the rock mass covered by the slope protection net 10.

[0062] In some embodiments, the communication unit within the resistance sensing element 500 is a LoRa wireless communication unit.

[0063] In some embodiments, the controller within the resistance sensing element 500 uses Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) timing to achieve nanosecond-level synchronization of multiple nodes, or performs timestamp alignment through an edge gateway, in order to determine the starting point, propagation direction, and speed of the disaster.

[0064] In some embodiments, the resistance sensing element 500 further includes an ADC (analog-to-digital converter).

[0065] In some embodiments, the resistance sensing element 500 is further provided with a power supply component, such as a lithium battery, which can achieve a longer standby time in intermittent operation mode.

[0066] In some embodiments, the processor includes a data processing unit, a model analysis unit, and an early warning unit. The data processing unit is configured to receive data detected by a resistance detection element and extract features from the data, extracting the average strain rate and spectral features within a specific time period to obtain a data frame. The model analysis unit is configured to receive the data frame processed by the data processing unit and analyze the data frame using a spatiotemporal graph neural network model. The graph vertices of the spatiotemporal graph neural network model correspond to the spatial coordinates of the weaving nodes of the slope protection net, and the graph edges of the spatiotemporal graph neural network model correspond to the deformation propagation direction. The analysis unit then compares the data frame with a landslide disaster evolution model to obtain the matching degree between the features corresponding to the data frame and the landslide precursor features. When the matching degree exceeds a preset threshold, an early warning message is generated.

[0067] Specifically, the processor includes an edge gateway located at the foot of the slope and a cloud server. The resistance sensing element 500 sends the collected resistance change signal to the edge gateway (data processing unit) through the communication unit. The edge gateway aggregates the data detected by multiple resistance sensing elements 500, performs filtering and noise reduction and time-frequency domain feature extraction (such as calculating the average strain, strain rate and spectral characteristics within a specific time period), and encapsulates these features into a data frame.

[0068] The data frames are then uploaded to the cloud server (model analysis unit) via wireless or data network. The spatiotemporal graph neural network model built into the cloud server treats the entire protective network as a topological graph, with the detection nodes 401 corresponding to the resistance detection element 500 as graph vertices and the spatial relationships between the nodes 401 as graph edges. The model analyzes the propagation pattern of the strain event in time and space and compares it with a pre-stored landslide disaster evolution model. When the system determines that the matching degree between the current strain pattern and the landslide precursor characteristics exceeds a preset adaptive threshold, the early warning unit in the system immediately generates a yellow warning (risk alert) message. This warning message is displayed in real time on the digital twin platform of the monitoring center (the abnormal area is marked in red in the platform's 3D model) and automatically sends an SMS to the mobile phones of relevant management personnel. Management personnel can remotely retrieve real-time data of the area for confirmation.

[0069] Therefore, the intelligent algorithm based on the spatiotemporal graph neural network model in this embodiment can perform fusion analysis on the data measured by multiple weaving nodes 401, and can realize distributed perception of the entire slope protection network 10. The algorithm can effectively distinguish the characteristic patterns of different disasters such as collapse and landslide, and combined with the adaptive threshold adjustment mechanism, it significantly reduces the false alarm rate and missed alarm rate of the geological disaster monitoring and protection system, and improves the reliability of early warning.

[0070] It should be noted that the spatiotemporal graph neural network model in this embodiment can establish a "strain-spatiotemporal-evolution" relationship, accurately distinguish the early characteristics of different disaster modes, and dynamically optimize the early warning threshold through an adaptive algorithm. Simultaneously, the model has a self-correcting function; when data anomalies occur at weaving node 401, it automatically switches to a redundant node and combines historical data for data reconstruction.

[0071] In some embodiments, the geological disaster monitoring and protection system further includes a verification unit, which is configured to establish and improve a “strain-resistance-disaster-early warning” mapping database based on centrifuge physical model tests and multi-field coupled numerical simulations. The mapping database is used to verify the early warning information of the early warning unit in the processor.

[0072] In some embodiments, the verification unit includes a centrifuge physical model test system and a multi-field coupled numerical simulation software platform, which can be used to establish and improve the "strain-resistance-disaster-early warning" mapping database and to perform closed-loop verification of the system's early warning decisions. The centrifuge physical model test system can be used to simulate geological disaster processes under different gravity fields, while the multi-field coupled numerical simulation software platform can construct a stress field-seepage field-strain field coupled model (landslide disaster evolution model), providing massive data support for the optimization of geological disaster monitoring and protection systems.

[0073] It should be understood that the embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for limiting purposes. The description of features or aspects within each embodiment should generally be considered as other similar features or aspects that may be used in other embodiments. Although one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A slope protection net, characterized in that, include: A rope net, woven from multiple ropes, each of which includes conductive fibers; The rope net includes multiple weaving nodes, each of which is formed by at least two ropes crossing or intertwining; each rope includes multiple rope segments, each of which includes multiple first rope segments and multiple second rope segments arranged alternately along the length of the rope, wherein any two adjacent rope segments are respectively a first rope segment and a second rope segment; the weaving node is located between adjacent first rope segments and second rope segments in the same rope, and is located between adjacent first rope segments of two different ropes and between adjacent second rope segments of two different ropes; Multiple resistance sensing elements are fixedly connected to the rope net. Each resistance sensing element includes a controller and at least two detection probes connected to the controller. The at least two detection probes include a first detection probe and a second detection probe. In the same resistance sensing element, the first detection probe and the second detection probe are respectively connected to two adjacent rope segments of the same rope. The first detection probe is electrically connected to the conductive fibers of the first rope segment, and the second detection probe is electrically connected to the conductive fibers of the second rope segment.

2. The slope protection net according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive fiber includes a fiber matrix and carbon nanotubes doped inside the fiber matrix.

3. The slope protection net according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The conductive fiber includes a fiber matrix and graphene covering the outside of the fiber matrix.

4. The slope protection net according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rope includes a core and multiple strands of conductive fibers surrounding the core, wherein the core is made of insulating and / or waterproof material. And / or, the rope further includes a first encapsulation layer covering the outside of the multistrand conductive fibers; And / or, the resistance sensing element further includes a second encapsulation layer covering the outside of the controller.

5. The slope protection net according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of ropes includes a plurality of first ropes and a plurality of second ropes, the first ropes and the second ropes being intertwined to form at least one braided node; each of the resistance detection elements further includes a third detection probe and a fourth detection probe connected to the controller; in the first ropes and second ropes that are intertwined to form the same braided node, the first detection probe is electrically connected to the conductive fibers in the first rope segment of the first rope, the second detection probe is electrically connected to the conductive fibers in the second rope segment of the first rope, the third detection probe is electrically connected to the conductive fibers in the first rope segment of the second rope, and the fourth detection probe is electrically connected to the conductive fibers in the second rope segment of the second rope.

6. The slope protection net according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slope protection net also includes multiple load-bearing structures. Each resistance detection element is fixed to a load-bearing structure, and the load-bearing structure covers a portion of the rope segment adjacent to the weaving node. Each load-bearing structure is provided with at least two detection pinholes. Each detection pinhole exposes at least a portion of the first rope segment or at least a portion of the second rope segment of a rope. Each detection probe is inserted into one of the detection pinholes and contacts the conductive fiber.

7. The slope protection net according to claim 6, characterized in that, The supporting structure has a first magnetic layer on the side surface away from the braiding node, the detection pinhole penetrates the first magnetic layer, the resistance detection element has a second magnetic layer on the side surface near the braiding node, the detection probe and the second magnetic layer are located on the same side of the resistance detection element, and the second magnetic layer is used to magnetically connect with the first magnetic layer. And / or, the support structure includes a cavity and a plurality of openings communicating with the cavity, each of the braided nodes is located in one of the cavities of the support structure, and each of the rope segments extends from one of the openings respectively.

8. A geological disaster monitoring and protection system, characterized in that, include: The slope protection net as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the resistance detection element of the slope protection net is further provided with a communication unit, the communication unit being electrically connected to the controller for transmitting data collected by the controller; The processor is communicatively connected to the communication unit, receives data sent by the communication unit, and processes it.

9. The geological disaster monitoring and protection system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The processor includes: The data processing unit is configured to receive data detected by the resistance sensing element and perform feature extraction on the data, extracting the average strain rate and spectral features within a specific time period to obtain a data frame; The model analysis unit is configured to receive the data frame processed by the data processing unit and analyze the data frame through a spatiotemporal graph neural network model. The graph vertices of the spatiotemporal graph neural network model correspond to the spatial coordinates of the weaving nodes of the slope protection net, and the graph edges of the spatiotemporal graph neural network model correspond to the deformation propagation direction. The model is then compared with a landslide disaster evolution model to obtain the matching degree between the features corresponding to the data frame and the landslide precursor features. The early warning unit generates an early warning message when the matching degree exceeds a preset threshold.

10. The geological disaster monitoring and protection system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The geological disaster monitoring and protection system also includes a verification unit, which is configured to establish and improve a "strain-resistance-disaster-early warning" mapping database based on centrifuge physical model tests and multi-field coupled numerical simulations. The mapping database is used to verify the early warning information of the early warning unit in the processor.

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