Multi-scale evaluation system and method for geological risk along oil and gas pipeline in hilly area

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-scale assessment system and method for geological risks along an oil and gas pipeline in a hilly area, and the system comprises a first data collection module which is used for obtaining the basic laying data of all oil and gas pipelines in a to-be-assessed area; the second data acquisition module is used for acquiring SAR image data along the oil and gas pipeline according to the basic laying data of the oil and gas pipeline; the first evaluation module identifies the geological risk occurrence point and the geological risk hidden danger point according to the remote sensing data and outputs a preliminary evaluation result; and the second evaluation module obtains an affected coefficient of the oil and gas pipeline and outputs a geological risk level based on the affected coefficient. Through hot spot area screening, the evaluation efficiency and accuracy are improved, the geological risk condition along the oil and gas pipeline is finally predicted and evaluated, and the evaluation result is matched with the actual geological influence on the oil and gas pipeline.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas transportation technology, specifically to a multi-scale assessment system and method for geological risks along oil and gas pipelines in hilly areas. Background Technology

[0002] Oil and gas pipelines are one of the most important energy transportation methods. Due to various reasons, oil and gas pipelines may have to be located in areas with high geological risks, especially hilly areas with complex and unstable terrain, prone to geological disasters such as landslides and ground subsidence, leading to damage or rupture of oil and gas pipelines. Once a pipeline is damaged or ruptured, resulting in leakage of the transported oil and gas, it not only affects the normal operation of the oil and gas pipeline network but may also cause safety accidents. Effective assessment of the geological risks along oil and gas pipelines can reduce the impact of disasters on the pipeline network and avoid safety accidents. Conventional geological risk monitoring and investigation along oil and gas pipelines mainly relies on manual inspections to establish ground monitoring in key areas using GPS, precise geodetic surveys, and deep displacement monitoring. However, due to the complex terrain of hilly areas, manual inspections are difficult and unsuitable for risk assessments along large areas of oil and gas pipelines. Satellite optical remote sensing technology can be effectively applied to risk assessment along large-scale oil and gas pipelines. However, due to its limited accuracy, it can only accurately assess risks in areas where significant changes have occurred. Furthermore, it lacks consideration of the interaction between oil and gas pipelines and the surrounding soil, which limits the accuracy of geological risk assessment for oil and gas pipelines.

[0003] In summary, there is an urgent need for a multi-scale geological risk assessment system and method applicable to hilly areas along oil and gas pipelines, which can be used to accurately assess the geological risks along oil and gas pipelines in hilly areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a multi-scale geological risk assessment system and method for oil and gas pipelines in hilly areas, which can be used to accurately assess the geological risks along oil and gas pipelines in hilly areas.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] On the one hand, a multi-scale geological risk assessment system for oil and gas pipelines in hilly areas is provided, including:

[0007] The first data acquisition module is used to acquire the basic laying data of all oil and gas pipelines in the area to be evaluated.

[0008] The second data acquisition module is used to collect SAR image data along the oil and gas pipeline based on the basic laying data of the oil and gas pipeline, and to select hotspot areas by processing the SAR image data based on InSAR technology.

[0009] The first assessment module is used to collect remote sensing data of hotspot areas based on LiDAR technology, identify geological risk occurrence points and potential geological risk points based on the remote sensing data, and output preliminary assessment results.

[0010] The second assessment module includes a monitoring unit and a processing unit. The monitoring unit is used to monitor the deformation data of oil and gas pipelines in hotspot areas. The processing unit is used to combine the deformation data of oil and gas pipelines in hotspot areas with the preliminary assessment results of oil and gas pipelines in corresponding hotspot areas to obtain the impact coefficient of oil and gas pipelines, and output the geological risk level based on the impact coefficient.

[0011] Furthermore, the basic laying data includes the type and route of the oil and gas pipeline, as well as the altitude, topography, and objective influencing factors along the pipeline route. The types of oil and gas pipeline laying include underground laying and overhead laying. If the type of oil and gas pipeline laying is underground, the depth of each point along the pipeline from the ground is obtained; if the type of oil and gas pipeline laying is overhead, the height of each point along the pipeline from the ground is obtained.

[0012] Furthermore, based on InSAR technology, hotspot areas are selected from SAR image data, including:

[0013] Based on the basic laying data of oil and gas pipelines, the coverage area of ​​SAR image data is adjusted so that the oil and gas pipeline is covered by SAR image data and the resolution of SAR image data around the oil and gas pipeline meets the threshold.

[0014] Preprocessing and interferometric processing are performed on SAR image data along the oil and gas pipeline to generate interferometric images. Regions with phase differences higher than the threshold in the interferometric images are selected as hotspots.

[0015] Furthermore, based on remote sensing data, geological risk occurrence points and potential geological risk points are identified, including:

[0016] The remote sensing data is preprocessed as follows: radiometric calibration, geometric correction, and denoising.

[0017] Extract geological risk-related features from preprocessed remote sensing data;

[0018] Based on the foundation laying data of oil and gas pipelines and the characteristic information related to geological risks, preliminary identification of geological risk occurrence points and potential geological risk points is carried out.

[0019] Furthermore, the monitoring unit includes at least two fixed parts that are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the oil and gas pipeline in the hot spot area. The side wall of the fixed part that contacts the outer wall of the oil and gas pipeline has a monitoring groove. Several telescopic monitoring rings are installed in the monitoring groove. The monitoring rings are made of elastic deformation material. In the initial state, the monitoring rings are in a state of compression deformation. A pressure strain gauge is fixedly connected in the fixed part. The pressure strain gauge is on the telescopic stroke of the monitoring ring.

[0020] It also includes a limiting part, which is inserted into the monitoring ring of the adjacent oil and gas pipeline. In the initial state, the monitoring ring is limited by the limiting part and does not contact the pressure strain gauge.

[0021] It also includes a controller and a positioning module. The controller is connected to the pressure strain gauge and the positioning module by signal. The controller is used to predict the deformation data of the oil and gas pipeline covered by the fixed part based on the electrical signal generated by the pressure strain gauge, and to send the position information collected by the positioning module.

[0022] Furthermore, the deformation data of oil and gas pipelines includes deformation direction, deformation amount, and deformation rate;

[0023] The controller is used to predict the deformation direction of the oil and gas pipeline based on the position of each pressure strain gauge that generates an electrical signal; to predict the deformation amount of the oil and gas pipeline based on the electrical signal generated by each pressure strain gauge; and to predict the deformation rate of the oil and gas pipeline based on the rate of change of the electrical signal generated by each pressure strain gauge.

[0024] Furthermore, the assessment results include soil deformation width, soil deformation depth, and soil deformation length; the matching degree between the deformation direction, deformation amount, and deformation rate of the oil and gas pipeline and the soil deformation width, soil deformation depth, and soil deformation length is compared, and the impact coefficient of the oil and gas pipeline is output based on the matching degree.

[0025] Furthermore, the number of fixing parts is proportional to the deformation length of the soil area, and the limiting part covers the oil and gas pipeline corresponding to the deformation length of the soil area.

[0026] On the other hand, a multi-scale assessment method for geological risks along oil and gas pipelines in hilly areas is provided, which is based on the aforementioned multi-scale assessment system for geological risks along oil and gas pipelines in hilly areas, and includes the following steps:

[0027] S1: Obtain the foundation laying data of all oil and gas pipelines in the area to be evaluated;

[0028] S2: Based on the basic laying data of oil and gas pipelines and collect SAR image data along the oil and gas pipelines, select hotspot areas by processing the SAR image data based on InSAR technology.

[0029] S3: Based on LiDAR technology, remote sensing data of hotspot areas are collected, and geological risk occurrence points and potential geological risk points are identified based on the remote sensing data, and preliminary assessment results are output;

[0030] S4: Monitor the deformation data of oil and gas pipelines in hotspot areas, combine the deformation data of oil and gas pipelines in hotspot areas with the preliminary assessment results of oil and gas pipelines in corresponding hotspot areas to obtain the impact coefficient of oil and gas pipelines, and output the geological risk level based on the impact coefficient.

[0031] Furthermore, the deformation data of the oil and gas pipeline includes deformation direction, deformation amount, and deformation rate. The preliminary assessment results include soil deformation width, soil deformation depth, and soil deformation length.

[0032] By comparing the deformation direction, deformation amount, and deformation rate of oil and gas pipelines with the deformation width, deformation depth, and deformation length of soil regions, the influence coefficient of oil and gas pipelines is output based on the matching degree.

[0033] The above approach has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. This invention acquires basic information about oil and gas pipelines that need to be assessed, using this information as the basis for subsequent geological risk assessments along the pipeline route to ensure the accuracy of the assessment results. Then, based on InSAR technology, areas along the pipeline route that require detailed assessment are screened, thereby improving assessment efficiency. Next, based on LiDAR technology, geological risk occurrence points and potential geological risk points are identified, and the identification results are used as the basis for subsequent precise assessments. Based on the actual deformation data of the pipeline, the actual impact of geological risk occurrence points and potential geological risk points on them is obtained, ultimately predicting and assessing the geological risks along the oil and gas pipeline route.

[0035] Compared to conducting geological risk assessments along the entire length of oil and gas pipelines, screening for hotspot areas can effectively reduce the workload of the assessment. Compared to directly conducting geological risk assessments based on the identification results of geological risk occurrence points and potential geological risk points, this assessment system can accurately assess geological risks by obtaining the actual impact on the corresponding oil and gas pipelines. The assessment results match the actual geological impact on the oil and gas pipelines, and this assessment system can be effectively applied to areas with complex terrain such as hills.

[0036] 2. This invention, by having a limiting part follow the deformation of the oil and gas pipeline, uses the pressure value generated by the monitoring ring on the pressure strain gauge to produce different electrical signals, thereby obtaining the deformation direction, deformation amount, and deformation rate of the oil and gas pipeline in the hot spot area due to existing geological influences. Compared with existing oil and gas pipeline deformation detection methods, this invention can adapt to the complex environment of hilly areas for long-term monitoring, thus enabling the acquisition of deformation rate and improving the convenience of oil and gas pipeline detection. Furthermore, the accuracy of oil and gas pipeline deformation data monitoring can be adjusted simply by changing the number of monitoring rings to adapt to oil and gas pipelines with different analysis and evaluation needs.

[0037] 3. This invention compares the degree of matching between the deformation direction of the oil and gas pipeline and the deformation direction of the soil area; the degree of matching between the deformation around the oil and gas pipeline and the deformation of the soil area; the degree of matching between the deformation rate of the oil and gas pipeline and the deformation rate of the soil area; and the degree of matching between the range of deformation (width, depth, and length) around the oil and gas pipeline and the range of deformation of the soil area. By comprehensively considering these matching degrees, the extent of the impact on the oil and gas pipeline is assessed based on the degree of matching; the higher the degree of matching, the greater the impact on the oil and gas pipeline. Compared to existing technologies, this invention can identify the actual impact of soil deformation along the oil and gas pipeline (geological risk occurrence points and potential hazard points) on the pipeline, thereby accurately assessing the geological risks posed to the corresponding oil and gas pipeline.

[0038] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure may include the following beneficial effects: accurate geological risk assessment along oil and gas pipelines in hilly areas.

[0039] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the present disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0041] Figure 1 This is the evaluation system of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fixing part in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 The main view.

[0044] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 AA sectional view.

[0045] Figure 5 yes

[0046] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The specific embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0048] As attached Figure 1 As shown: A multi-scale geological risk assessment system for oil and gas pipelines in hilly areas includes: a first data acquisition module, a second data acquisition module, a first assessment module, and a second assessment module. The first data acquisition module, the second data acquisition module, the first assessment module, and the second assessment module communicate with each other in sequence.

[0049] The first data acquisition module is used to acquire the foundation laying data of the oil and gas pipeline to be evaluated or the area to be evaluated, and to acquire the foundation laying data of all oil and gas pipelines within the area to be evaluated. The first data acquisition module is a data acquisition device, which includes, but is not limited to, mobile terminals such as PCs, tablets, and mobile phones. Users input data through the corresponding mobile terminals. When acquiring the foundation laying data of the oil and gas pipeline to be evaluated, only the relevant foundation laying data needs to be input; when acquiring the area to be evaluated, only the foundation laying data of all oil and gas pipelines within the area needs to be input.

[0050] The basic laying data includes the type and route of the oil and gas pipeline, as well as the altitude, topography, and objective influencing factors along the pipeline route. The types of oil and gas pipeline laying include underground laying and overhead laying. If the type of oil and gas pipeline laying is underground, the depth of each point along the pipeline from the ground is obtained; if the type of oil and gas pipeline laying is overhead, the height of each point along the pipeline from the ground is obtained.

[0051] Oil and gas pipelines are primarily laid underground and overhead. Different types are affected by geological risks in different ways. The pipeline route is mainly used to determine the location along the pipeline, facilitating subsequent identification of the geological conditions along the pipeline route. The elevation, topography, and objective influencing factors (human activities) along the pipeline route form the basis for predicting and analyzing the types and likelihood of geological hazards in the surrounding area.

[0052] The second data acquisition module is used to collect SAR image data along the oil and gas pipeline based on the pipeline's foundation data. It then processes the SAR image data using InSAR technology to select hotspot areas. After determining the location of the oil and gas pipeline to be acquired, SAR image data is collected via a synthetic aperture radar system mounted on a satellite, aircraft, or ground station. Before acquisition, different operating modes and parameter settings are configured for the SAR system, allowing for SAR image data acquisition based on resolution, coverage, and acquisition frequency.

[0053] The process of selecting hotspot areas based on InSAR technology for processing SAR image data includes the following steps:

[0054] Based on the basic laying data of oil and gas pipelines, the coverage area of ​​SAR image data is adjusted to ensure that the oil and gas pipeline is covered by SAR image data and that the resolution of SAR image data around the oil and gas pipeline meets the threshold, so as to ensure that the initially acquired SAR image data is clear and complete.

[0055] Preprocessing of SAR image data along and around oil and gas pipelines, including denoising and geometric correction, is performed to ensure the quality and accuracy of the SAR image data. Interferometric processing is then used to generate interferometric images, and the phase difference between these images is used to detect surface deformation.

[0056] Finally, regions with phase differences higher than a threshold in the interferometric image are selected as hotspot regions, including the following steps: analyzing the interferometric image generated by InSAR to identify hotspot regions of surface deformation, including phenomena such as surface subsidence, uplift, or deformation caused by underground oil and gas pipeline activities; based on the deformation analysis, hotspot regions that may have oil and gas pipeline problems are selected, including sections with abnormal deformation and areas where the surrounding environment has changed.

[0057] The first assessment module is used to collect remote sensing data of hotspot areas based on LiDAR technology, identify geological risk occurrence points and potential geological risk points based on the remote sensing data, and output preliminary assessment results.

[0058] The identification of geological risk occurrence points and potential geological risk points includes the following steps:

[0059] The remote sensing data is preprocessed as follows: radiometric calibration, geometric correction and denoising; feature information related to geological risks is extracted from the preprocessed remote sensing data; based on the foundation laying data of oil and gas pipelines and the feature information related to geological risks, geological risk occurrence points and potential geological risk points are preliminarily identified, and the preliminary assessment results include soil deformation width, soil deformation depth and soil deformation length.

[0060] The preliminary assessment results output by the first assessment module can be used as preliminary assessment results of the geological risks along the oil and gas pipeline. However, this preliminary assessment only considers the geological conditions along the oil and gas pipeline collected. In order to take into account the actual impact of geological changes on the oil and gas pipeline, the matching degree between the preliminary assessment results and the actual impact on the oil and gas pipeline is limited. Therefore, the preliminary assessment results are further corrected by the second assessment module to improve the matching degree between the assessment results and the actual impact on the oil and gas pipeline.

[0061] The second assessment module includes a monitoring unit and a processing unit. The monitoring unit is used to monitor the deformation data of oil and gas pipelines in hotspot areas. The processing unit is used to combine the deformation data of oil and gas pipelines in hotspot areas with the preliminary assessment results of oil and gas pipelines in corresponding hotspot areas to obtain the impact coefficient of oil and gas pipelines, and output the geological risk level based on the impact coefficient.

[0062] As attached Figures 2-4 As shown, the monitoring unit includes at least two fixing parts 1 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the oil and gas pipeline in the hot spot area. The fixing parts 1 can adopt existing clamp structures. The side wall of the fixing part 1 in contact with the outer wall of the oil and gas pipeline has a monitoring groove 2. Several retractable monitoring rings 3 are arranged in the monitoring groove 2. Specifically, the retraction and expansion of the monitoring rings 3 can be achieved by installing the monitoring rings 3 through holes and installing springs in the fixing parts 1. The monitoring rings 3 are made of elastic deformation material. In the initial state, because the fixing parts 1 of the clamp structure are fixedly connected to the oil and gas pipeline, the side wall of the oil and gas pipeline squeezes the monitoring rings 3, causing the monitoring rings 3 to be in a state of compression deformation, that is, the monitoring rings 3 are in a state of forced contraction.

[0063] A pressure strain gauge 4 is fixedly connected inside the fixing part 1. The pressure strain gauge 4 covers all the monitoring rings 3. The pressure strain gauge 4 will press against the surface of the pressure strain gauge 4 at the corresponding position during the expansion and contraction stroke of the monitoring rings 3, that is, when the monitoring rings 3 contract. It also includes a limiting part 5 (see Figure 5 The limiting part 5 is inserted into the monitoring ring 3 of the adjacent oil and gas pipeline. The limiting part 5 can be a flexible and non-corrosive rope. In the initial state, the monitoring ring 3 is limited by the limiting part 5 and does not contact the pressure strain gauge 4.

[0064] As attached Figure 5 As shown, this section of the oil and gas pipeline is an underground pipeline. The fixing parts 1 of the two clamp structures are fitted onto the oil and gas pipeline, and the limiting part 5 is in a stretched state and matches the length direction of the oil and gas pipeline. It also includes a controller and a positioning module. The controller is signal-connected to the pressure strain gauge 4 and the positioning module. The controller is used to predict the deformation data of the oil and gas pipeline covered by the fixing part 1 based on the electrical signal generated by the pressure strain gauge 4, and to send the position information collected by the positioning module.

[0065] Specifically, the deformation data of the oil and gas pipeline includes the deformation direction, deformation amount, and deformation rate; the controller is used to predict the deformation direction of the oil and gas pipeline based on the position of each pressure strain gauge 4 that generates an electrical signal; predict the deformation amount of the oil and gas pipeline based on the electrical signal generated by each pressure strain gauge 4; and predict the deformation rate of the oil and gas pipeline based on the rate of change of the electrical signal generated by each pressure strain gauge 4.

[0066] For example, when attached Figure 5 The bending deformation of the oil and gas pipeline causes tension to the limiting part 5. When the length of the limiting part 5 is stretched beyond its deformable length, the limiting part 5 begins to gradually detach from the monitoring ring 3. The monitoring ring 3 from which the limiting part 5 detaches contracts and contacts the pressure strain gauge 4. As the number of monitoring rings 3 that exert pressure on the pressure strain gauge 4 changes, the electrical signal generated by the pressure strain gauge 4 changes, thereby obtaining the deformation direction and deformation amount of the oil and gas pipeline; the deformation rate of the oil and gas pipeline is obtained based on the rate of change of the electrical signal generated by the strain gauge.

[0067] In this embodiment, the fixing part 1 only covers one side of the oil and gas pipeline for illustration. Several monitoring rings 3 can be arrayed on the same fixing part 1 and several limiting parts 5 can be inserted as needed, thereby achieving higher precision deformation data acquisition of the oil and gas pipeline. Furthermore, the number of fixing parts 1 is proportional to the deformation length of the soil area, and the limiting parts 5 cover the oil and gas pipeline corresponding to the deformation length of the soil area.

[0068] By comparing the deformation direction, deformation amount, and deformation rate of oil and gas pipelines with the deformation width, deformation depth, and deformation length of soil regions, the influence coefficient of oil and gas pipelines is output based on the matching degree.

[0069] Specifically, this includes comparing whether the deformation direction of the oil and gas pipeline is consistent with the deformation direction of the soil area; comparing the deformation around the oil and gas pipeline with the deformation of the soil area; comparing the deformation rate of the oil and gas pipeline with the deformation rate of the soil area; and comparing whether the deformation range (width, depth, and length) around the oil and gas pipeline matches the deformation range of the soil area.

[0070] The above matching indicators are taken into account comprehensively, and the extent of the impact on oil and gas pipelines is assessed based on the matching degree. The higher the matching degree, the more the soil area matches the deformation of the oil and gas pipeline, and the greater the potential impact on the pipeline.

[0071] Finally, the geological risk level (high risk, medium risk, and low risk) is output based on the impact coefficient.

Claims

1. A multi-scale geological risk assessment system for oil and gas pipelines in hilly areas, characterized in that, include: The first data acquisition module is used to acquire the basic laying data of all oil and gas pipelines in the area to be evaluated. The second data acquisition module is used to collect SAR image data along the oil and gas pipeline based on the basic laying data of the oil and gas pipeline, and to select hotspot areas by processing the SAR image data based on InSAR technology. The first assessment module is used to collect remote sensing data of hotspot areas based on LiDAR technology, identify geological risk occurrence points and potential geological risk points based on the remote sensing data, and output preliminary assessment results. The second assessment module includes a monitoring unit and a processing unit. The monitoring unit is used to monitor the deformation data of oil and gas pipelines in hotspot areas. The processing unit is used to combine the deformation data of oil and gas pipelines in hotspot areas with the preliminary assessment results of oil and gas pipelines in corresponding hotspot areas to obtain the impact coefficient of oil and gas pipelines, and output the geological risk level based on the impact coefficient.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic laying data includes the type and route of the oil and gas pipeline, as well as the altitude, topography, and objective influencing factors along the pipeline route. The types of oil and gas pipeline laying include underground laying and overhead laying. If the type of oil and gas pipeline laying is underground, the depth of each point along the pipeline from the ground is obtained; if the type of oil and gas pipeline laying is overhead, the height of each point along the pipeline from the ground is obtained.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The selection of hotspot areas based on InSAR technology for processing SAR image data includes: Based on the basic laying data of oil and gas pipelines, the coverage area of ​​SAR image data is adjusted so that the oil and gas pipeline is covered by SAR image data and the resolution of SAR image data around the oil and gas pipeline meets the threshold. Preprocessing and interferometric processing are performed on SAR image data along the oil and gas pipeline to generate interferometric images. Regions with phase differences higher than the threshold in the interferometric images are selected as hotspots.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The identification of geological risk occurrence points and potential geological risk points based on remote sensing data includes: The remote sensing data is preprocessed as follows: radiometric calibration, geometric correction, and denoising. Extract geological risk-related features from preprocessed remote sensing data; Based on the foundation laying data of oil and gas pipelines and the characteristic information related to geological risks, preliminary identification of geological risk occurrence points and potential geological risk points is carried out.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring unit includes at least two fixed parts that are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the oil and gas pipeline in the hot spot area. The side wall of the fixed part that contacts the outer wall of the oil and gas pipeline has a monitoring groove. Several telescopic monitoring rings are installed in the monitoring groove. The monitoring rings are made of elastic deformation material. In the initial state, the monitoring rings are in a state of compression deformation. A pressure strain gauge is fixedly connected in the fixed part. The pressure strain gauge is on the telescopic stroke of the monitoring ring. It also includes a limiting part, which is inserted into the monitoring ring of the adjacent oil and gas pipeline. In the initial state, the monitoring ring is limited by the limiting part and does not contact the pressure strain gauge. It also includes a controller and a positioning module. The controller is connected to the pressure strain gauge and the positioning module by signal. The controller is used to predict the deformation data of the oil and gas pipeline covered by the fixed part based on the electrical signal generated by the pressure strain gauge, and to send the position information collected by the positioning module.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The deformation data of the oil and gas pipeline includes deformation direction, deformation amount, and deformation rate; The controller is used to predict the deformation direction of the oil and gas pipeline based on the position of each pressure strain gauge that generates an electrical signal; to predict the deformation amount of the oil and gas pipeline based on the electrical signal generated by each pressure strain gauge; and to predict the deformation rate of the oil and gas pipeline based on the rate of change of the electrical signal generated by each pressure strain gauge.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step-by-step evaluation results include soil area deformation width, soil area deformation depth, and soil area deformation length; compare the deformation direction, deformation amount, and deformation rate of the oil and gas pipeline with the soil area deformation width, soil area deformation depth, and soil area deformation length, and output the influence coefficient of the oil and gas pipeline based on the matching degree.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of fixed parts is proportional to the deformation length of the soil area, and the limiting part covers the oil and gas pipeline corresponding to the deformation length of the soil area.

9. A multi-scale assessment method for geological risks along oil and gas pipelines in hilly areas, characterized in that, The multi-scale geological risk assessment system for oil and gas pipelines in hilly areas, as described above, was completed, including the following steps: S1: Obtain the foundation laying data of all oil and gas pipelines in the area to be evaluated; S2: Based on the basic laying data of oil and gas pipelines and collect SAR image data along the oil and gas pipelines, select hotspot areas by processing the SAR image data based on InSAR technology. S3: Based on LiDAR technology, remote sensing data of hotspot areas are collected, and geological risk occurrence points and potential geological risk points are identified based on the remote sensing data, and preliminary assessment results are output; S4: Monitor the deformation data of oil and gas pipelines in hotspot areas, combine the deformation data of oil and gas pipelines in hotspot areas with the preliminary assessment results of oil and gas pipelines in corresponding hotspot areas to obtain the impact coefficient of oil and gas pipelines, and output the geological risk level based on the impact coefficient.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The deformation data of the oil and gas pipeline includes deformation direction, deformation amount and deformation rate. The preliminary assessment results include soil area deformation width, soil area deformation depth and soil area deformation length. By comparing the deformation direction, deformation amount, and deformation rate of oil and gas pipelines with the deformation width, deformation depth, and deformation length of soil regions, the influence coefficient of oil and gas pipelines is output based on the matching degree.

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