Soil environment monitoring system based on wireless sensor network

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network, and relates to the technical field of soil environment monitoring, and the system comprises a sensing node module which is used for being installed in a to-be-monitored soil environment and is responsible for collecting environment data in soil; the interior of each sensing node is integrated with a sensor set through different sensors, the sensor sets are used for sensing various data in soil, and data transmission is carried out between the sensing nodes through a wireless sensor network. According to the soil environment monitoring system based on the wireless sensor network, the reliability of data transmission is ensured through redundancy transmission and automatic path switching, the data transmission delay condition is monitored in real time, a regulation and control decision is generated, and the timeliness of data transmission is ensured; when signals are attenuated in the transmission process, the monitoring system can automatically adjust the transmitting power and the receiving sensitivity, the signal quality and stability are improved, and the reliability of data transmission is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil environmental monitoring technology, specifically to a soil environmental monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demands for agricultural modernization and environmental protection, soil environmental monitoring has become increasingly important. Traditional soil environmental monitoring methods mainly rely on manual sampling and laboratory analysis, which have the following shortcomings: Firstly, manual sampling and laboratory analysis are costly and time-consuming, making it difficult to achieve real-time monitoring of the soil environment; moreover, due to the limited number of sampling points, it is difficult to comprehensively reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of the soil environment. Secondly, traditional monitoring methods are difficult to adapt to complex soil environmental changes. With the impact of agricultural production activities and industrial development, soil environmental changes are becoming increasingly complex, requiring a technical means to monitor soil environmental changes in real time and accurately. The development of wireless sensor network technology has provided a new solution for soil environmental monitoring. Wireless sensor networks consist of a large number of sensor nodes that can be distributed in the soil environment to collect soil environmental data in real time and transmit the data to a central node for processing and analysis via wireless communication. However, existing soil environmental monitoring systems suffer from signal attenuation problems: when transmitting control signals in the soil, the signal attenuates due to various environmental factors, leading to unstable data transmission; furthermore, signal transmission delays result in untimely data transmission and signal feedback. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a soil environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network, including a sensor node module for installation in the soil environment to be monitored, responsible for collecting environmental data in the soil; each sensor node has a sensor set integrated with different sensors for sensing various data in the soil, and data transmission between each sensor node is carried out through a wireless sensor network. The data processing module is used to receive the raw dataset and perform preprocessing. It is also used to perform preliminary matching between real-time monitoring data and standard soil parameters to determine the current health status of the soil.

[0004] The transmission module, connected to the data processing module, transmits real-time monitoring data to the remote monitoring terminal based on a wireless communication protocol, and adjusts the data transmission rate in real time in conjunction with a transmission delay early warning mechanism to ensure the reliability and real-time nature of the data. The diagnostic module is used to diagnose the entire wireless sensor network, ensure the normal operation of each sensor node, detect whether there is signal delay, attenuation, or sensor failure in the sensor node, and generate corresponding diagnostic reports.

[0005] Preferably, the sensing node module includes: The sensing integration unit is used to detect environmental data in the soil in real time. The environmental data includes physical data and chemical data. The physical data includes soil temperature, humidity and density; the chemical data includes pH value, nutrient composition and pollutant concentration. The sensor set in the multi-sensor integration unit of the sensing node is composed of temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pH sensor and nutrient composition sensor. The sensor set is used to sense and collect various environmental data of the soil in real time, package the environmental data into a raw dataset, and send the raw dataset to the data processing module. The node positioning unit is used to adjust the installation position of the sensor based on the wireless signal strength and the geographical location of the sensor node. The adjustment of the installation position includes angle adjustment and height adjustment to ensure optimal signal coverage and data acquisition accuracy. The node positioning unit is used to detect the signal environment in the soil environment. When the node positioning unit detects strong signal interference in the soil environment, it will adjust the installation position of the sensor based on the adjustment command sent by the monitoring system to ensure signal quality.

[0006] Preferably, the sensing node module further includes: The signal warning unit is connected to the sensor integration unit. It generates abnormal signal warnings based on the node positioning unit and combines them with the soil environmental characteristics of the node's location to package them into soil environmental signal warnings. The soil environmental signal warnings are then transmitted to the data processing module through a wireless sensor network. The signal warning unit is also used to generate a sensor fault warning signal when the node is unable to collect effective data, and transmit the fault warning signal to the diagnostic module to ensure the monitoring reliability of the system. The energy-saving management unit is used to adjust the data acquisition frequency and transmission frequency to save energy when the node is in low-power mode; when the node detects changes in environmental data or receives a remote command, the energy-saving management unit is used to wake up the sensor node and enter a high-power mode to increase the data acquisition frequency.

[0007] Preferably, the process by which the node positioning unit adjusts the sensor installation position is as follows: The node positioning unit continuously monitors wireless signals in the soil environment through its built-in signal monitoring unit. The signal monitoring unit is used to measure the strength and signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal in real time to determine the quality of the signal environment. At the same time, it records the signal changes over different time periods to analyze the patterns and trends of signal interference. When the monitored signal parameters exceed the preset normal range, the node positioning unit generates an abnormal signal warning and sends it to the monitoring system. After receiving an abnormal signal warning, the central control unit of the monitoring system generates an adjustment command according to a pre-set strategy generation mechanism. The adjustment command includes the angle and height to be adjusted. The adjustment command is then sent to the node positioning unit, which receives the adjustment command from the monitoring system through a wireless communication module. Based on the received adjustment command, the node positioning unit determines the adjustment method for the sensor's installation angle and height and adjusts the sensor accordingly.

[0008] Preferably, the data processing module includes: The data processing unit receives the raw dataset transmitted by the sensor integration unit, removes random noise and outliers from the raw dataset based on a denoising algorithm, and obtains real-time monitoring data. The data storage unit is used to store historical soil data and real-time monitoring data. The data storage unit adopts a distributed storage structure to synchronize data between different nodes, ensuring high availability and integrity of the data. The data analysis unit generates monitoring reports based on real-time monitoring data. The reports include changes in soil temperature, humidity distribution, nutrient status, and pollutant accumulation, and provide corresponding management suggestions based on the soil requirements of different crop growth stages. In addition, the data analysis unit also has an anomaly detection function. When the current health status of the soil is determined and the judgment result is labeled as unhealthy, a soil anomaly warning is generated and sent to the remote monitoring terminal. The remote monitoring terminal then generates a control suggestion plan based on the soil anomaly warning, and can adjust the current health status of the soil according to the control suggestion.

[0009] Preferably, the data processing unit performs a preliminary matching between real-time monitoring data and standard soil parameters to determine the current health status of the soil, as follows: We collected standard parameter ranges for different types of soil under normal conditions from agricultural research institutions and soil science databases. Standard soil parameters include soil pH, organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, moisture content and heavy metal content. We categorized and organized the standard parameters for different regions and soil types to establish a database of standard soil parameters. The different parameter values ​​in the real-time monitoring data are standardized and converted into values ​​between 0 and 1. Each parameter value in the standardized real-time monitoring data is compared with the corresponding standard soil parameter range, and the comparison results are recorded to determine whether each parameter is within the standard range. For example, if the collected soil pH value is 6.5, while the standard pH value range is 6.0-7.5, then the pH value is within the normal range. Based on the comparison results of each parameter, a weighted average method is used to assess and determine the current health status of the soil, and a judgment result is obtained. Important parameters are assigned higher weights, and minor parameters are assigned lower weights. The judgment result of soil health status is represented by labels: healthy, fair, and unhealthy.

[0010] Preferably, the transmission delay early warning mechanism of the transmission module includes: The signal enhancement unit is used to adjust the signal strength according to changes in transmission distance, transmission rate, and environmental interference. When the transmission module detects signal attenuation during transmission, the monitoring system will automatically adjust the transmission power and receiving sensitivity to ensure stable data transmission. The path transmission unit is used to redundantly transmit data through multiple sensing nodes. When the signal of one path is attenuated or delayed, the monitoring system will automatically switch to another path to ensure the reliability of data transmission. The transmission monitoring unit is used to monitor the delay of data transmission in real time, and generates control decisions based on the delay early warning mechanism and delay signal warning. The control decisions include reducing the transmission frequency and increasing the bandwidth. By reducing the transmission frequency or increasing the bandwidth, data congestion can be reduced, ensuring the real-time transmission of soil environmental data.

[0011] Preferably, the monitoring system automatically adjusts the transmit power and receive sensitivity as follows: The signal monitoring subunit in the transmission module continuously monitors the signal during transmission; it measures the signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, and bit error rate in real time to determine the signal quality and obtain the signal quality; at the same time, based on the signal quality, it records the changes of signal parameters over time to obtain the signal parameter trend, so as to analyze the signal attenuation trend; the signal parameter trend includes signal parameter decrease, signal parameter stabilization, and signal parameter increase; When the monitored signal parameters decrease, it indicates that the signal has attenuated during transmission. At this time, an attenuation warning is generated. Based on the attenuation warning, the current transmission distance and environmental interference are analyzed: the transmission distance is obtained through node positioning information and environmental sensor data, and the degree of environmental interference is assessed by monitoring electromagnetic interference and obstacles; the range of transmission power that needs to be adjusted is determined according to the changes in transmission distance and environmental interference; the signal enhancement unit adjusts the transmission power in small increments or decrements to avoid excessive power adjustment that could lead to signal instability or interference with other devices; during the adjustment process, changes in signal parameters can be continuously monitored.

[0012] Preferably, the automatic adjustment of receiver sensitivity: The signal enhancement unit assesses the required received signal quality based on the current monitoring task and data transmission requirements, and obtains the signal quality requirements. Based on these requirements, the signal enhancement unit adjusts the receiving sensitivity in small increments and continuously monitors signal parameters and data transmission quality. If the signal quality meets the data transmission requirements after the receiving sensitivity adjustment, the adjustment stops; otherwise, the adjustment direction is changed. The process by which the monitoring system automatically switches to another path is as follows: The path transmission unit reads the corresponding abnormal signal warnings for paths where signals are attenuated or delayed based on abnormal signal warnings, determines that the corresponding path has a problem, and generates reading results, including attenuation signal warnings and delay signal warnings. The central control unit of the monitoring system makes a switching decision based on the attenuation signal warnings in the reading results of the path transmission unit and transmits the switching decision to the path transmission unit. After receiving the switching decision, the path transmission unit stops using the problematic path and switches to another available path. After the switching is completed, the path transmission unit confirms the signal quality of the new path, obtains the switching result, and feeds the switching result back to the central control unit. The central control unit determines whether the switching was successful based on the feedback switching result. If the new path still has problems, the switching is repeated until it is successful.

[0013] Preferably, the diagnostic module includes: The automatic maintenance unit is used to generate maintenance commands based on fault warning signals. After receiving the maintenance commands via the central control unit of the monitoring system, it wakes up the standby node. Among them, based on attenuation signal warning or delay signal warning, and combined with switching decisions, a warning diagnosis report is generated; based on fault warning signals and maintenance commands, a fault diagnosis report is generated, and the warning diagnosis report and fault diagnosis report are transmitted to the remote monitoring terminal; when the monitoring system detects a fault in the sensor or communication module of a certain node, the backup node is automatically activated to ensure the real-time normal monitoring function of the monitoring system for the soil environment.

[0014] This invention provides a soil environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network, which has the following advantages: I. The soil environment monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks includes a transmission delay early warning mechanism in its transmission module, comprising a signal enhancement unit, a path transmission unit, and a transmission monitoring unit. This mechanism adjusts signal strength based on changes in transmission distance, transmission rate, and environmental interference. Redundant transmission and automatic path switching ensure data transmission reliability. Real-time monitoring of data transmission delay generates control decisions, ensuring timely data transmission. When signal attenuation occurs during transmission, the monitoring system automatically adjusts the transmit power and receive sensitivity to improve signal quality and stability, guaranteeing data transmission reliability.

[0015] II. This soil environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network can adjust the installation position of sensors according to the wireless signal strength and the geographical location of the sensor nodes through the node positioning unit, thereby optimizing signal reception and improving monitoring results. When signal interference is detected, it can automatically adjust the sensor installation angle or height to enhance system stability. The energy-saving management unit adjusts the data acquisition frequency and transmission frequency when the node is in low-power mode, saving energy and extending the node's lifespan. At the same time, it can wake up the sensor node to enter high-power mode when environmental data changes or when a remote command is received, ensuring the timeliness of data.

[0016] Third, this soil environment monitoring system based on wireless sensor network can diagnose the entire wireless sensor network through a diagnostic module, detect whether there are problems such as signal delay, attenuation, and sensor failure in the sensor nodes, and generate corresponding diagnostic reports; the automatic maintenance unit can generate maintenance commands based on fault warning signals, wake up backup nodes, and improve the maintainability and stability of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a soil environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

[0019] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a soil environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network, including a sensor node module for installation in the soil environment to be monitored, responsible for collecting environmental data in the soil; each sensor node integrates a sensor set with different sensors to sense various data in the soil, and data transmission between each sensor node is carried out through a wireless sensor network. The data processing module is used to receive the raw dataset and perform preprocessing. It is also used to perform preliminary matching between real-time monitoring data and standard soil parameters to determine the current health status of the soil.

[0020] The transmission module, connected to the data processing module, transmits real-time monitoring data to the remote monitoring terminal based on a wireless communication protocol, and adjusts the data transmission rate in real time in conjunction with a transmission delay early warning mechanism to ensure the reliability and real-time nature of the data. The diagnostic module is used to diagnose the entire wireless sensor network, ensure the normal operation of each sensor node, detect whether there is signal delay, attenuation, or sensor failure in the sensor node, and generate corresponding diagnostic reports.

[0021] The sensor node module includes: The sensor integration unit is used to detect environmental data in the soil in real time. The environmental data includes physical data and chemical data. The physical data includes soil temperature, humidity and density; the chemical data includes pH value, nutrient composition and pollutant concentration. The sensor set in the multi-sensor integration unit of the sensor node is composed of temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pH sensor and nutrient composition sensor. The sensor set is used to sense and collect various environmental data of the soil in real time, package the environmental data into a raw dataset, and send the raw dataset to the data processing module, thereby improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the data. The node positioning unit is used to adjust the installation position of the sensor based on the wireless signal strength and the geographical location of the sensor node. The adjustment of the installation position includes angle adjustment and height adjustment to ensure optimal signal coverage and data acquisition accuracy. The node positioning unit is used to detect the signal environment in the soil environment. When the node positioning unit detects strong signal interference in the soil environment, it will adjust the installation position of the sensor based on the adjustment command sent by the monitoring system to ensure signal quality, which helps to optimize signal reception quality and improve monitoring effect.

[0022] The sensor node module also includes: The signal warning unit is connected to the sensor integration unit. It generates abnormal signal warnings based on the node positioning unit and combines them with the soil environmental characteristics of the node's location to package them into soil environmental signal warnings. The soil environmental signal warnings are then transmitted to the data processing module through a wireless sensor network. The signal warning unit is also used to generate a sensor fault warning signal when the node cannot collect effective data, and transmit the fault warning signal to the diagnostic module, which improves the safety and reliability of the system. At the same time, it notifies the diagnostic module in time when the sensor fails, ensuring the monitoring reliability of the system. The energy-saving management unit is used to adjust the data acquisition frequency and transmission frequency when the node is in low-power mode to save energy. When the node detects changes in environmental data or receives a remote command, the energy-saving management unit is used to wake up the sensor node and enter a high-power mode to increase the data acquisition frequency, save energy, and extend the node's lifespan. Wake up the node to enter a high-power mode when the environment changes or a remote command is received to ensure the timeliness of data.

[0023] The process of adjusting the sensor installation position by the node positioning unit is as follows: The node positioning unit continuously monitors wireless signals in the soil environment through its built-in signal monitoring unit. The signal monitoring unit is used to measure the strength and signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal in real time to determine the quality of the signal environment. At the same time, it records the signal changes over different time periods to analyze the patterns and trends of signal interference. When the monitored signal parameters exceed the preset normal range, the node positioning unit generates an abnormal signal warning and sends it to the monitoring system. After receiving an abnormal signal warning, the central control unit of the monitoring system generates an adjustment command according to a pre-set strategy mechanism. This command includes the adjustment angle and height. The command is then sent to the node positioning unit, which receives the command via a wireless communication module. Based on the received command, the node positioning unit determines the adjustment method for the sensor's installation angle and height and adjusts the sensor accordingly. The node positioning unit can adjust the sensor's installation angle using an electric motor. During adjustment, changes in signal strength are continuously monitored to determine the effectiveness of the adjustment. If the signal quality remains poor after adjustment, new adjustment commands can be received for further adjustments. After adjustment, the node positioning unit feeds back the adjusted sensor installation angle information and the new signal quality parameters to the central control unit. The central control unit judges whether the adjustment has achieved the expected effect based on the feedback information. If necessary, it can send another adjustment command for optimization. Through this process, the installation angle of the sensor in the soil environmental monitoring system can be effectively adjusted to cope with strong signal interference, ensuring the normal operation of the monitoring system and the reliability of data transmission. By monitoring wireless signals in the soil environment through node positioning units, signal anomalies can be detected in a timely manner and early warnings can be generated. The monitoring system generates adjustment commands to adjust the sensor installation position, thereby improving signal quality and monitoring effectiveness.

[0024] It should be further explained that in the specific implementation process, the process of adjusting the data acquisition frequency and transmission frequency is as follows: when the node is in a relatively stable environmental state and no significant changes in environmental data are detected or no remote commands are received within a certain period of time, the energy-saving management unit determines that the node can enter the low-power mode; the energy-saving management unit reviews the change patterns of historical environmental data, such as the change amplitude and frequency of parameters such as soil moisture and temperature in different time periods; at the same time, it considers the monitoring system's requirements for data real-time performance. Based on historical data analysis and demand considerations, the energy management unit dynamically adjusts the data acquisition and transmission frequencies. For example, the acquisition frequency can be reduced from once per hour to once every two hours, and the transmission frequency can be reduced accordingly to reduce the energy consumption of the nodes. The nodes operate according to the newly set acquisition and transmission frequencies. The energy management unit continuously monitors the energy consumption of the nodes as well as the validity and usability of the data. If it is found that the adjusted frequency causes the data to lose important change information or affects the overall performance of the system, the frequency setting can be adjusted appropriately. It should be further explained that, in the specific implementation process, the process of waking up the sensor node to enter the high-power mode is as follows: The node continuously monitors changes in environmental data. When it detects significant changes in soil environmental parameters, such as a sudden increase or decrease in soil moisture by a certain percentage, or a temperature exceeding the preset normal range, it triggers a wake-up mechanism. At the same time, the node is also ready to receive remote commands. When it receives a specific command from the monitoring system center, it also serves as a trigger event. Once the event is triggered, the energy-saving management unit sends a wake-up signal to the sensor node; after receiving the wake-up signal, the sensor node quickly switches to high-power mode. In high-power mode, the node increases the data acquisition frequency from once every two hours in low-power mode to once every 15 minutes to more closely track environmental changes; at the same time, the transmission frequency is also increased accordingly to ensure that newly acquired data can be transmitted to the monitoring system center for analysis and processing in a timely manner. The sensor node continues to operate in high-power mode until the environmental data stabilizes again or a new instruction is received requiring it to enter low-power mode. If the environmental data remains relatively stable for a period of time, the energy management unit can determine that the node can re-enter low-power mode to save energy.

[0025] The data processing module includes: The data processing unit receives the raw dataset transmitted by the sensor integration unit, removes random noise and outliers from the raw dataset based on a denoising algorithm, and obtains real-time monitoring data, thereby improving data quality. The data storage unit is used to store historical soil data and real-time monitoring data. The data storage unit adopts a distributed storage structure to synchronize data between different nodes, ensuring high availability and integrity of the data and facilitating data synchronization between different nodes. The data analysis unit generates monitoring reports based on real-time monitoring data. The reports include changes in soil temperature, humidity distribution, nutrient status, and pollutant accumulation. It also provides corresponding management suggestions based on the soil needs of different crop growth stages, providing a scientific basis for soil management. The anomaly detection function can promptly detect soil anomalies and generate early warnings. In addition, the data analysis unit also has an anomaly detection function. When the current health status of the soil is determined and the judgment result is labeled as unhealthy, a soil anomaly warning is generated and sent to the remote monitoring terminal. The remote monitoring terminal then generates a control suggestion plan based on the soil anomaly warning, and can adjust the current health status of the soil according to the control suggestion.

[0026] The data processing unit performs a preliminary match between real-time monitoring data and standard soil parameters to determine the current health status of the soil, as follows: We collected standard parameter ranges for different types of soil under normal conditions from agricultural research institutions and soil science databases. Standard soil parameters include soil pH, organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, moisture content and heavy metal content. We categorized and organized the standard parameters for different regions and soil types to establish a database of standard soil parameters. The different parameter values ​​in the real-time monitoring data are standardized and converted into values ​​between 0 and 1. Each parameter value in the standardized real-time monitoring data is compared with the corresponding standard soil parameter range, and the comparison results are recorded to determine whether each parameter is within the standard range. For example, if the collected soil pH value is 6.5, while the standard pH value range is 6.0-7.5, then the pH value is within the normal range. Based on the comparison results of each parameter, a weighted average method is used to assess the current health status of the soil and obtain a judgment result. Important parameters are assigned higher weights, and minor parameters are assigned lower weights. If most important parameters are within the standard range and the overall weighted score is high, the soil can be judged to be in a healthy state. If multiple important parameters are outside the standard range and the overall weighted score is low, the soil is judged to be in an unhealthy state. The judgment results of soil health status are represented by labels of healthy, fair, and unhealthy. A standard soil parameter database is established, and the real-time monitoring data is compared with standard parameters to determine the soil health status, providing accurate assessment results for soil management.

[0027] Through the above process, the data processing unit of the soil environment monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks can be used to accurately determine the current health status of the soil, providing a scientific basis for soil management and environmental protection.

[0028] The transmission delay warning mechanism of the transmission module includes: The signal enhancement unit is used to adjust the signal strength according to changes in transmission distance, transmission rate, and environmental interference. When the transmission module detects signal attenuation during transmission, the monitoring system will automatically adjust the transmission power and receiving sensitivity to ensure stable data transmission. The path transmission unit is used to redundantly transmit data through multiple sensing nodes. When the signal of one path is attenuated or delayed, the monitoring system will automatically switch to another path to ensure the reliability of data transmission. The transmission monitoring unit is used to monitor the delay of data transmission in real time, and generates control decisions based on the delay early warning mechanism and delay signal warning. The control decisions include reducing the transmission frequency and increasing the bandwidth. By reducing the transmission frequency or increasing the bandwidth, data congestion can be reduced, ensuring the real-time transmission of soil environmental data.

[0029] The process by which the monitoring system automatically adjusts its transmit power and receive sensitivity: The signal monitoring subunit in the transmission module continuously monitors the signal during transmission; it measures the signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, and bit error rate in real time to determine the signal quality and obtain the signal quality; at the same time, based on the signal quality, it records the changes of signal parameters over time to obtain the signal parameter trend, so as to analyze the signal attenuation trend; the signal parameter trend includes signal parameter decrease, signal parameter stabilization, and signal parameter increase; When the monitored signal parameters decrease, such as signal strength falling below a preset threshold, signal-to-noise ratio being too low, or bit error rate rising to a certain level, the transmission module determines that signal attenuation has occurred. This indicates that signal attenuation has occurred during transmission. At this time, an attenuation warning is generated. Based on the attenuation warning, the current transmission distance and environmental interference are analyzed: the transmission distance is obtained through node positioning information and environmental sensor data, and the degree of environmental interference is assessed by monitoring electromagnetic interference and obstacles. Based on the changes in transmission distance and environmental interference, the range of transmission power that needs to be adjusted is determined. The signal enhancement unit adjusts the transmission power in small increments or decreases to avoid excessive power adjustment that could lead to signal instability or interference with other devices. During the adjustment process, changes in signal parameters can be continuously monitored. If the signal quality improves and does not exceed the safe power range, the adjustment continues until the optimal effect is achieved. If the signal quality does not improve significantly after adjustment or other problems occur, the direction of adjustment is changed.

[0030] Automatically adjust receiver sensitivity: The signal enhancement unit assesses the required received signal quality based on the current monitoring task and data transmission requirements, and obtains the signal quality requirements. Based on these requirements, the signal enhancement unit adjusts the receiving sensitivity in small increments and continuously monitors signal parameters and data transmission quality. If the signal quality meets the data transmission requirements after the receiving sensitivity adjustment, the adjustment stops; otherwise, the adjustment direction is changed. The process by which the monitoring system automatically switches to another path is as follows: The path transmission unit reads the corresponding abnormal signal warnings for paths where signals are attenuated or delayed based on abnormal signal warnings, determines that the corresponding path has a problem, and generates reading results, including attenuation signal warnings and delay signal warnings. The central control unit of the monitoring system makes a switching decision based on the attenuation signal warnings in the reading results of the path transmission unit and transmits the switching decision to the path transmission unit. After receiving the switching decision, the path transmission unit stops using the problematic path and switches to another available path. After the switching is completed, the path transmission unit confirms the signal quality of the new path, obtains the switching result, and feeds the switching result back to the central control unit. The central control unit determines whether the switching was successful based on the feedback switching result. If the new path still has problems, the switching is repeated until it is successful.

[0031] The signal enhancement unit adjusts the signal strength according to the transmission distance, rate, and environmental interference to ensure the stability of data transmission; the path transmission unit improves the reliability of data transmission through redundant transmission and automatic path switching; and the transmission monitoring unit monitors the delay in real time and generates control decisions to ensure the timeliness of data transmission.

[0032] The diagnostic module includes an automatic maintenance unit, which generates maintenance commands based on fault warning signals. After receiving the maintenance commands via the central control unit of the monitoring system, it wakes up the backup node, improving the maintainability and stability of the system. Specifically, it generates a warning diagnosis report based on attenuated or delayed signal warnings, combined with switching decisions. Based on fault warning signals and maintenance commands, it generates a fault diagnosis report and transmits the warning diagnosis report and fault diagnosis report to the remote monitoring terminal, allowing users to understand the system status in a timely manner and take corresponding measures. When the monitoring system detects a fault in the sensor or communication module of a certain node, it automatically activates the backup node, ensuring the real-time normal monitoring function of the monitoring system for the soil environment.

[0033] Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art and related fields based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, shall be implemented according to conventional means in the art.

Claims

1. A soil environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network, characterized in that, include: The sensor node module is installed in the soil environment to be monitored and is responsible for collecting environmental data in the soil. Each sensor node integrates a sensor set with different sensors to sense various data in the soil. Data transmission between each sensor node is carried out through a wireless sensor network. The data processing module is used to receive the raw dataset and preprocess it. It is also used to perform preliminary matching between real-time monitoring data and standard soil parameters to determine the current health status of the soil. The transmission module, connected to the data processing module, transmits real-time monitoring data to the remote monitoring terminal based on a wireless communication protocol, and adjusts the data transmission rate in real time in conjunction with a transmission delay early warning mechanism. The diagnostic module is used to diagnose the entire wireless sensor network, detect whether there is signal delay, attenuation, or sensor failure in the sensor nodes, and generate corresponding diagnostic reports.

2. The soil environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing node module includes: The sensing integration unit is used to detect environmental data in the soil in real time. The environmental data includes physical data and chemical data. The physical data includes soil temperature, humidity and density; the chemical data includes pH value, nutrient composition and pollutant concentration. The sensor set in the multi-sensor integration unit of the sensing node is composed of temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pH sensor and nutrient composition sensor. The sensor set is used to sense and collect various environmental data of the soil in real time, package the environmental data into a raw dataset, and send the raw dataset to the data processing module. The node positioning unit is used to adjust the installation position of the sensor based on the wireless signal strength and the geographical location of the sensor node. The adjustment of the installation position includes angle adjustment and height adjustment. The node positioning unit is used to detect the signal environment in the soil environment. When the node positioning unit detects strong signal interference in the soil environment, it will adjust the installation position of the sensor based on the adjustment command sent by the monitoring system.

3. A soil environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sensing node module also includes: The signal warning unit is connected to the sensor integration unit. It generates abnormal signal warnings based on the node positioning unit and combines them with the soil environmental characteristics of the node's location to package them into soil environmental signal warnings. The soil environmental signal warnings are then transmitted to the data processing module through a wireless sensor network. The signal warning unit is also used to generate a sensor fault warning signal when the node is unable to collect effective data, and transmit the fault warning signal to the diagnostic module. The energy-saving management unit is used to adjust the data acquisition frequency and transmission frequency when the node is in low-power mode; when the node detects changes in environmental data or receives a remote command, the energy-saving management unit is used to wake up the sensor node and enter high-power mode.

4. A soil environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network according to claim 3, characterized in that: The process by which the node positioning unit adjusts the sensor installation position is as follows: The node positioning unit continuously monitors wireless signals in the soil environment through its built-in signal monitoring unit. The signal monitoring unit is used to measure the strength and signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal in real time. At the same time, it records the signal changes over different time periods. When the monitored signal parameters exceed the preset normal range, the node positioning unit generates an abnormal signal warning and sends it to the monitoring system. After receiving an abnormal signal warning, the central control unit of the monitoring system generates an adjustment command according to a pre-set strategy generation mechanism. The adjustment command includes the angle and height to be adjusted. The adjustment command is then sent to the node positioning unit, which receives the adjustment command from the monitoring system through a wireless communication module. Based on the received adjustment command, the node positioning unit determines the adjustment method for the sensor's installation angle and height and adjusts the sensor accordingly.

5. A soil environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network according to claim 4, characterized in that: The data processing module includes: The data processing unit receives the raw dataset transmitted by the sensor integration unit, removes random noise and outliers from the raw dataset based on a denoising algorithm, and obtains real-time monitoring data. The data storage unit is used to store historical soil data and real-time monitoring data. The data storage unit adopts a distributed storage structure to synchronize data between different nodes. The data analysis unit generates monitoring reports based on real-time monitoring data. The reports include changes in soil temperature, humidity distribution, nutrient status, and pollutant accumulation, and provide corresponding management suggestions based on the soil requirements of different crop growth stages. In addition, the data analysis unit also has an anomaly detection function. When the current health status of the soil is determined and the judgment result is labeled as unhealthy, a soil anomaly warning is generated and sent to the remote monitoring terminal. The remote monitoring terminal then generates a control suggestion plan based on the soil anomaly warning.

6. A soil environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data processing unit performs a preliminary match between real-time monitoring data and standard soil parameters to determine the current health status of the soil, as follows: We collected standard parameter ranges for different types of soil under normal conditions from agricultural research institutions and soil science databases; we categorized and organized the standard parameters for different regions and soil types, and established a database of standard soil parameters. The different parameter values ​​in the real-time monitoring data are standardized and converted into values ​​between 0 and 1. Each parameter value in the standardized real-time monitoring data is compared with the corresponding standard soil parameter range, and the comparison results are recorded to determine whether each parameter is within the standard range. Based on the comparison results of each parameter, a weighted average method is used for evaluation to determine the current health status of the soil and obtain the judgment result. The assessment results of soil health status are represented by labels: healthy, fair, and unhealthy.

7. A soil environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transmission delay early warning mechanism of the transmission module includes: The signal enhancement unit is used to adjust the signal strength according to changes in transmission distance, transmission rate, and environmental interference. When the transmission module detects signal attenuation during transmission, the monitoring system will automatically adjust the transmission power and receiver sensitivity. The path transmission unit is used to redundantly transmit data through multiple sensing nodes. When the signal of one path is attenuated or delayed, the monitoring system will automatically switch to another path. The transmission monitoring unit is used to monitor the latency of data transmission in real time, and generate control decisions based on the latency early warning mechanism and latency signal early warning. The control decisions include reducing the transmission frequency and increasing the bandwidth.

8. A soil environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network according to claim 7, characterized in that: The process by which the monitoring system automatically adjusts the transmit power and receive sensitivity: The signal monitoring subunit in the transmission module continuously monitors the signal during the transmission process; It measures the signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, and bit error rate in real time to determine the signal quality and obtain the signal quality; at the same time, based on the signal quality and recording the changes of signal parameters over time, it obtains the signal parameter trend. Signal parameter trends include signal parameter decrease, signal parameter stabilization, and signal parameter increase; When the monitored signal parameters decrease, it indicates that the signal has attenuated during transmission. At this time, an attenuation warning is generated. Based on the attenuation warning, the current transmission distance and environmental interference are analyzed: the transmission distance is obtained through node positioning information and environmental sensor data, and the degree of environmental interference is assessed by monitoring electromagnetic interference and obstacles; the range of transmission power that needs to be adjusted is determined according to the changes in transmission distance and environmental interference; the signal enhancement unit adjusts the transmission power by increasing or decreasing it in small steps.

9. A soil environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network according to claim 8, characterized in that: The automatic adjustment of receiver sensitivity: The signal enhancement unit assesses the required received signal quality based on the current monitoring task and data transmission requirements, and obtains the signal quality requirements. Based on these requirements, the signal enhancement unit adjusts the receiving sensitivity in small increments and continuously monitors signal parameters and data transmission quality. If the signal quality meets the data transmission requirements after the receiving sensitivity adjustment, the adjustment stops; otherwise, the adjustment direction is changed. The process by which the monitoring system automatically switches to another path is as follows: The path transmission unit reads the corresponding abnormal signal warnings for paths where signals are attenuated or delayed based on abnormal signal warnings, determines that the corresponding path has a problem, and generates reading results, including attenuation signal warnings and delay signal warnings. The central control unit of the monitoring system makes a switching decision based on the attenuation signal warnings in the reading results of the path transmission unit and transmits the switching decision to the path transmission unit. After receiving the switching decision, the path transmission unit stops using the problematic path and switches to another available path. After the switching is completed, the path transmission unit confirms the signal quality of the new path, obtains the switching result, and feeds the switching result back to the central control unit. The central control unit determines whether the switching was successful based on the feedback switching result. If the new path still has problems, the switching is repeated until it is successful.

10. A soil environment monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network according to claim 9, characterized in that: The diagnostic module includes: The automatic maintenance unit is used to generate maintenance commands based on fault warning signals. After receiving the maintenance commands via the central control unit of the monitoring system, it wakes up the standby node. Specifically, based on attenuation signal warnings or delay signal warnings, and combined with switching decisions, a warning diagnosis report is generated; based on fault warning signals and maintenance commands, a fault diagnosis report is generated, and the warning diagnosis report and the fault diagnosis report are transmitted to the remote monitoring terminal.

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