Green prevention and control method for anoplophora sycaeus

Abstract

The green prevention and control method comprises the steps that dastarcus helophoroides adults or dastarcus helophoroides eggs are released from the middle ten days to the last ten days of April to the first ten days of May, the release amount (head) of each dastarcus helophoroides adults is equal to the diameter at breast height (cm) of a tree * the boring hole rate, and the release amount (grain) of each dastarcus helophoroides egg is equal to the diameter at breast height (cm) of the tree * the boring hole rate * 10; artificially catching anoplophora chinensis larvae from July to late September; scleroderma guani is released from mid-to-late June to mid-to-late August, the number (head) of released scleroderma guani = estimated number of anoplophora chinensis larvae in the control target area * bee-insect ratio, and the bee-insect ratio = 10 * boring hole ratio: 1. The prevention and control method disclosed by the invention is green and pollution-free, small in damage to platanus acerifolia, safe to an operator and friendly to an ecological environment; according to the method, all development stages and all insect states (eggs, larvae, pupae and adults) of the anoplophora chinensis are covered, and a whole life history green prevention and control technology chain of the anoplophora chinensis is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pest and disease control in landscaping, and more specifically, to a green control method for the longhorn beetle (Acer sylvestris). Background Technology

[0002] Sycamore is a major backbone tree species for urban greening.

[0003] Due to the large-scale centralized planting of sycamore trees, the occurrence of sycamore diseases and pests is also relatively common. The longhorn beetle is one of the important pests that harm sycamore trees.

[0004] The larvae of the Asian longhorn beetle bore into the trunk and branches of sycamore trees, feeding and damaging them. This affects the transport of water and nutrients, and in severe cases, the boreholes can merge, causing significant weakness and even death of the sycamore. Infested branches are also more prone to breakage in strong winds, posing a safety hazard to cities. Therefore, finding an effective method to control the Asian longhorn beetle is crucial.

[0005] Since the Asian longhorn beetle spends most of its life cycle boring into the interior of trees, conventional pesticide spraying is ineffective in controlling its larvae. Methods such as fumigation, trunk injection, and injection into borer holes can cause significant damage to the sycamore tree itself. Achieving ideal control requires frequent application of pesticides, and the pesticides used are mostly organophosphates, which can easily cause toxicity and pollution to the personnel applying the pesticides and the ecological environment during operation, which is inconsistent with the concepts of ecological civilization and green development. Therefore, those skilled in the art are committed to developing a green control method for the Asian longhorn beetle. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this application is to provide a green control method for the longhorn beetle of the sycamore tree, which mainly adopts a combination of ecological regulation, physical and chemical induction, biological control and scientific pesticide application. The control technology covers the entire life cycle of the longhorn beetle, which improves the control effect of the longhorn beetle, reduces the environmental pollution and waste of pesticides caused by the use of large amounts of pesticides, and protects the urban ecological environment and ecological security.

[0007] More specifically, this application provides a green control method for the Jupiter longhorn beetle, comprising the following steps: Release adult voles or eggs of the voles from mid-to-late April to early May. The number of adult voles released per sycamore tree (heads) = tree diameter at breast height (cm) × borer rate. The number of eggs released per sycamore tree (pieces) = tree diameter at breast height (cm) × borer rate × 10. Spray sycamore trees with diluted cyhalothrin from mid-to-late May to mid-to-late June, repeating the application 2-3 times, with an interval of 10-15 days between each application. In late April to early May, insect-proof netting is used to wrap the trunks of sycamore trees. The diameter of the netting wires is 0.05-0.1mm and the mesh size is 2-5mm×2-5mm. Use black lights from the end of April to the end of August. Set the black light height at 1.2-2m and the wavelength at 350-400nm. Adult longhorn beetles are captured using traps from late April to late August. The traps are suspended at a height of 1.5-2.5m, and the lure is replaced at the end of July. Artificial killing of longhorn beetle eggs occurred from late June to early August. Larvae of the Asian longhorn beetle are captured manually from July to late September. Release the parasitic wasp from mid-June to mid-August. The number of parasitic wasps released (in individuals) = the estimated number of longhorn beetle larvae in the target area × the wasp-to-wasp ratio, where the wasp-to-wasp ratio = 10 × borer rate: 1.

[0008] Preferably, the method further includes: supplementing the release of adult sycamore beetles or sycamore beetle eggs in September-October, with the number of adult sycamore beetles released per sycamore tree (heads) = tree diameter at breast height (cm) × borer rate × 2, and the number of sycamore beetle eggs released per sycamore tree (eggs) = tree diameter at breast height (cm) × borer rate × 5.

[0009] Preferably, the trap contains a lure, the lure components of which include a longhorn beetle aggregation pheromone and host plant volatiles. The longhorn beetle aggregation pheromone is a mixture of 4-heptoxybutanol and 4-heptoxybutanal, and the host plant volatiles are either maple volatiles or neem volatiles. The maple volatiles are a mixture of styrene, myrcene, leaf acetate, and acetophenone, and the neem volatiles are a mixture of camphene, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, ocimene, and β-caryophyllene.

[0010] Preferably, the method further includes: planting maple in March-April: for areas where sycamores are planted in parks or woodlands, plant 2-4 rows of maple around the sycamores, with a row spacing of 1.5-2m and a plant spacing of 2-3m; for sycamores planted in single rows along roads, plant 1-2 rows of maple in the green space around the road, or plant 1-2 maple trees every 30-50m.

[0011] Preferably, the method further includes: improving the soil for sycamore growth using formulated soil from early March to mid-April. The formulated soil has the following composition by mass: loam: gravel: well-rotted organic fertilizer: coarse sand: leaf mold: slow-release fertilizer: sulfur powder / ferrous sulfate = 100:100:15-30:15-20:30-40:5-10:0.2-0.6 / 0.02-0.06. The amount of formulated soil used is based on the following formula: Formulated soil usage (m³) = sycamore diameter at breast height (cm) × X, where X = 0.05-0.3.

[0012] Preferably, the method further includes: fertilizing the sycamore trees in early March to early April, wherein the fertilizer formula is, by weight, well-rotted organic fertilizer: slow-release compound fertilizer: micronutrient fertilizer = 10:1-2:0.01-0.05, and the amount of fertilizer is calculated according to the following formula: fertilizer amount (kg) = tree diameter at breast height (cm) × Y, Y = 0.5-1.

[0013] Preferably, the method further includes: fertilizing and applying pesticides to the sycamore trees during May-June, wherein the fertilizer formula is, by weight, well-rotted organic fertilizer: slow-release compound fertilizer = 5:1, and the fertilizer application amount is calculated according to the following formula: fertilizer application amount (kg) = tree diameter at breast height (cm) × 0.5; the pesticide is a dilution of 10% imidacloprid and 12% cyproconazole.

[0014] Preferably, the method further includes: applying autumn fertilizer to the sycamore trees from mid-to-late October to mid-to-late November, wherein the fertilizer formula is, by weight, well-rotted organic fertilizer: slow-release compound fertilizer = 10:1, and the amount of fertilizer is applied according to the following formula: fertilizer amount (kg) = tree diameter at breast height (cm) × 1.

[0015] Preferably, the method further includes: manually capturing adult longhorn beetles by shaking the branches of the sycamore tree or tapping near the adult beetles from early June to late August; Avoid using broad-spectrum pesticides in July and August to protect the eggs of the star beetle parasitoid wasp.

[0016] Preferably, the method further includes: applying a whitewash to the trunk of the sycamore tree in November-December, wherein the whitewash formula is, by weight, quicklime: water: sulfur / lime-sulfur mixture: salt: oil: viscous agent = 20:60-80:1-3:1-2:0.5:2-4, and the whitewash is applied to the trunk of the sycamore tree 0-1m above the ground, including the exposed roots of the sycamore tree around the tree pit.

[0017] The technical solution of this application achieves the following technical effects: 1. The green control method for the Asian longhorn beetle of the sycamore tree proposed in this application is green and pollution-free, causes less damage to host plants such as sycamore, is safe for operators, and is environmentally friendly. It provides a new method for the control of Asian longhorn beetles in densely populated urban trees. The method covers all developmental stages and all insect stages (egg, larva, pupa, and adult) of the Asian longhorn beetle, forming a green control technology chain for the entire life cycle of the Asian longhorn beetle, which changes the past single chemical control or biological control mode.

[0018] 2. The green control method for the sycamore longhorn beetle described in this application includes multiple control techniques. When eight or more control techniques are used in combination, the control efficacy against the sycamore longhorn beetle exceeds 60%; when ten or more control techniques are used in combination, the control efficacy exceeds 80%; and when twelve or more control techniques are used, the control efficiency reaches over 90%. After nearly five years of practice, the incidence of the sycamore longhorn beetle in Shanghai has gradually decreased, while the use of chemical pesticides has also been reduced, resulting in significant economic, ecological, and social benefits. This green control method for the sycamore longhorn beetle can be widely promoted and applied in urban green spaces in the Yangtze River Delta region and even nationwide.

[0019] The following will further explain the concept, specific structure and technical effects of this application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the release of the flower velvet parasite eggs in this application.

[0021] Figure 2 This application includes a schematic diagram of the release of adult flower beetles.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of one implementation of the trap in this application.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the trap used in this application to trap star beetles.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of insect-proof netting to control adult longhorn beetles in this application.

[0025] Figure 6 This is another schematic diagram illustrating the use of insect-proof netting to control adult longhorn beetles in this application.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the artificial capture of longhorn beetle larvae by our applicant.

[0027] Figure 8 This is another illustration of the artificial capture of star beetle larvae by our applicant. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0029] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this application. Therefore, the illustrations only show the components related to this application and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0030] Some exemplary embodiments of this application have been described for illustrative purposes. It should be understood that this application may be implemented in other ways not specifically shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0031] The green control method for the Asian longhorn beetle covers all developmental stages and all insect stages (egg, larva, pupa, and adult), forming a green control technology chain for the entire life cycle of the Asian longhorn beetle. The following is a detailed explanation of each control step.

[0032] 1. Prune the branches of the sycamore tree that have been damaged by the Asian longhorn beetle. January and February are the dormant period for sycamore trees, and also the overwintering dormant period for the sycamore longhorn beetle. The sycamore longhorn beetle enters a dormant state deep in the boreholes. At this time, branches damaged by the longhorn beetle can be removed during the winter pruning of sycamore trees.

[0033] This pruning process reduces overwintering pests in sycamore trees and minimizes potential safety hazards, preventing branches damaged by the Asian longhorn beetle from breaking in strong winds and causing accidents. Winter pruning of sycamore trees is a crucial technical task, especially for those planted as street trees, which require pruning every winter. Winter pruning not only shapes the tree and ensures safety but also promotes healthy growth in the following year and reduces pests and diseases. In January and February, sycamore trees have completely shed their leaves, making the tree's structure clearly visible. Without the cover of leaves, the holes caused by the Asian longhorn beetle are easily spotted. At this time, combining pruning with the shaping process to remove branches with visible holes effectively reduces the number of overwintering beetles and lowers the safety risks to the trees. For particularly large branches that are not suitable for pruning, the larvae of the Asian longhorn beetle can be manually removed.

[0034] 2. Improve soil Early March to mid-April is the optimal time for soil improvement. At this time, soil moisture is suitable, which is beneficial for root recovery. As temperatures gradually rise, sycamore trees have ample time to adapt to the environment. Healthy sycamore trees have a lower rate of borer infestation than weak sycamore trees. Improving the soil can enhance the growth of sycamore trees and increase their resistance to the longhorn beetle. Using formulated soil is even more effective when planting or transplanting sycamore trees. Considering the characteristics of urban sycamore planting soil—compacted, infertile, and containing a lot of construction waste—a special formulated soil for sycamore trees can be used to improve the soil. The composition of this formulated soil, by weight, is: loam: gravel: well-rotted organic fertilizer: coarse sand: leaf mold: slow-release fertilizer: sulfur powder / ferrous sulfate = 100:100:(15-30):(15-20):(30-40):(5-10):(0.2-0.6) / (0.02-0.06).

[0035] Pot experiments showed that a 1:1 ratio of loam (garden soil) to pebbles with a diameter of 4-6 cm significantly promoted the growth and development of sycamore trees, resulting in the greatest biomass of the above-ground parts and the largest growth of the underground parts. It also significantly enhanced the sycamore trees' ability to withstand trampling as street trees.

[0036] Adding well-rotted organic fertilizer (such as sheep manure / cow manure / chicken manure / earthworm castings) to the soil mix can supplement nutrients and enhance the growth of sycamore trees. Coarse sand can be replaced with perlite to improve soil drainage and aeration, preventing soil compaction. Leaf mold can be replaced with compost made from pruned branches, providing nutrients while recycling garden waste. Slow-release fertilizers, which release nutrients slowly, provide more balanced and lasting nutrition for sycamore trees and are readily available through commercial purchases, such as Stanley, Schmidt, and Dugo compound fertilizer brands. For the specific characteristics of Shanghai soil, especially in some alkaline coastal areas, a small amount of sulfur powder or ferrous sulfate can be added to adjust the pH to slightly acidic (pH 5.5-7.0), promoting sycamore growth and preventing iron deficiency chlorosis of the leaves.

[0037] For newly planted or transplanted sycamore trees, using formulated soil is convenient; it can be applied directly during planting or transplanting. For already planted sycamore trees, when using formulated soil to improve the soil, the soil around the planting hole needs to be removed and replaced with formulated soil. After applying formulated soil, water promptly to ensure the moisture content does not fall below 50% within one week. For newly planted or transplanted sycamore trees, a large amount of water needs to be added, and the moisture content should not be lower than 80%. Ideally, when using formulated soil, the planting hole area should be 2-3 times the area of ​​the sycamore root ball, and the depth should be 1.2-1.5 times the height of the root ball. After planting, water thoroughly to settle the roots. The surface of the planting hole can be covered with a layer of organic mulch (such as bark or wood chips) to retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, suppress weeds, and gradually increase the soil organic matter content.

[0038] The amount of formulated soil used is determined based on the diameter at breast height (DBH) of the sycamore tree and the size of the planting pit. The specific amount can be referred to the formula: Formulated soil amount (m³) = Sycamore DBH (cm) × X, where the coefficient X is between 0.05 and 0.3. When the planting pit is large enough, the coefficient X should preferably be the maximum value of 0.3. When the size of the planting pit is limited, the coefficient X can be the minimum value of 0.05. In other cases, any value between 0.05 and 0.3 can be selected. In the actual operation, the amount of formulated soil used should be based on the actual needs. Generally, it is enough to backfill the planting pit with formulated soil.

[0039] 3. Fertilizing in spring Fertilization is most effective in early March or early April, before or during the initial budding stage of sycamore trees. Early spring is the peak growing season for sycamore trees. New branches and leaves require abundant nutrients, and fertilization provides these nutrients, enhancing their growth vigor, resilience, and resistance to pests and diseases. The recommended fertilizer formula for spring fertilization is: well-rotted organic fertilizer : slow-release compound fertilizer : micronutrient fertilizer = 10 : (1-2) : (0.01-0.05). The amount of fertilizer per tree is determined based on the tree's diameter at breast height (DBH). The specific amount can be found using the formula: Fertilizer amount (kg) = Tree DBH (cm) × Y, where Y is between 0.5 and 1. For trees with weak growth, Y is preferably 1; for trees with vigorous growth, Y is preferably 0.5; and for other trees (sub-healthy), Y is preferably between 0.5 and 1. Regarding the growth status of sycamore trees, those skilled in the art can judge by observing indicators such as the amount of new shoot growth, leaf color and size, crown fullness, whether the bark is peeling normally, the presence of pests and diseases, and whether the phenological period is normal, or select several indicators for judgment. Further, they can combine indicators such as annual diameter at breast height (DBH), chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate for a more refined judgment. For example, if the three elements of yellowing leaves, severe pests and diseases, and slow growth rate are met, it can be judged as weak growth; if none of these three elements are met, it is considered vigorous growth; and if one or two elements are met, it is considered sub-healthy. Since the key point of this application is not to judge the growth status of sycamore trees, those skilled in the art can make judgments based on experience or test data, which will not be elaborated here.

[0040] Organic fertilizer, primarily well-rotted farmyard manure (cow manure and sheep manure are best), provides comprehensive nutrition for sycamore growth. Slow-release compound fertilizer, preferably high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (ideally N:P:K = 30:10:10), is readily available (e.g., Stanley brand, Israeli imported brands, Dugo brand, etc.). Sufficient nitrogen fertilizer provides ample nutrients for the growth of new branches and leaves. Micronutrient fertilizer, primarily ferrous sulfate (available commercially, such as Stanley brand) or magnesium sulfate, supplements micronutrients, promotes leaf photosynthesis, and prevents iron deficiency that causes leaf yellowing.

[0041] For sycamores planted in green spaces, a circular trench fertilization method can be used. Dig a circular trench around the outer edge of the tree canopy projection, about 20-30cm wide and 20-40cm deep (depending on the root depth, to avoid damaging the taproot). Mix the fertilizer with the soil, apply it, cover with soil, and level the trench. Water thoroughly after each fertilization to promote root absorption. For sycamores planted as street trees, due to limited conditions, aeration or deep root fertilization methods can be used to promote rapid nutrient absorption by the roots. Use a hole puncher to drill multiple deep holes in the tree pit at the base of the sycamore, inject fertilizer into the holes, cover with soil, and water to minimize damage to the surface landscape.

[0042] 4. Planting compound-leaved maple The best time to plant the trapping trees is in spring, from March to April. This is because the trees grow quickly and enhance the trapping effect, and the adult longhorn beetle is about to emerge, allowing them to quickly play their role in trapping the beetle.

[0043] Through years of practice, the applicant has discovered that plants of the Aceraceae family, especially the compound-leaved maple, have a strong attraction to the Asian longhorn beetle. The sap of the compound-leaved maple contains a lot of sugar, and adult Asian longhorn beetles like to feed on the bark of the compound-leaved maple to supplement their nutrition. The wood of the compound-leaved maple trunk is not particularly hard, and the bark has a moderate texture, making it very suitable for female adult Asian longhorn beetles to lay eggs.

[0044] Taking advantage of the longhorn beetle's preference for *Acer negundo* (compound maple), in areas with large sycamore plantations such as parks, green spaces, or woodlands, plant 2-4 rows of *Acer negundo* around the perimeter of the sycamore trees, with a row spacing of 1.5-2 meters and a plant spacing of 2-3 meters, connecting the canopies to form a prominent attraction zone. Within the *Acer negundo* attraction zone, interspersed with small numbers of other longhorn beetle-prey species such as *Melia azedarach*, willow, and paper mulberry can be planted to enhance the attraction effect. The number of other tree species should not exceed 30% of the total number of trees in the attraction zone, while *Acer negundo* should account for more than 70%. The attraction zone should ideally be planted upwind of the concentrated sycamore planting area, as adult longhorn beetles fly with the wind, making upwind placement of the attraction zone more effective. Ideally, the attraction zone should be physically separated from the main sycamore groves by roads, ditches, or other barriers to facilitate management and prevent easy dispersal of the beetles. For sycamore trees planted in single rows along roads, 1-2 rows of maple trees can be planted in the green space around the road as a trapping zone, or 1-2 maple trees can be planted every 30-50m as trapping trees to form a grid-like trapping point.

[0045] Planting maple trees has three main benefits: First, it can be used for pest monitoring, as adult and larval longhorn beetles feed on maple trees, allowing for timely monitoring of beetle activity. Second, it can act as a "trap" or "sacrifice tree," drawing longhorn beetles to the maple trees to reduce their damage to sycamore trees. Third, it facilitates concentrated eradication; by attracting the beetles, concentrated spraying or manual killing of adults, eggs, and larvae on the attracted trees can achieve twice the result with half the effort, significantly reducing the beetle population density, improving control effectiveness, and minimizing damage to the target sycamore trees.

[0046] 5. Release the flower-like velvet parasite. The best time for biological control is from late April to early May when adult mollusks or eggs of the mollusks are released. At this time, the average temperature in Shanghai is stable at around 20°C, the mollusks are more active, and most of the longhorn beetle larvae have entered the mature larval stage or pupal stage, making them less active and easier for the mollusks to parasitize and feed on. The mollusks have a greater potential for natural population growth.

[0047] The number of adult sycamore beetles released per sycamore tree (heads) = tree diameter at breast height (DBH) (cm) × borer rate; the number of sycamore beetle eggs released per sycamore tree (eggs) = tree DBH (cm) × borer rate × 10. Before release, it is necessary to investigate the borer rate in the target control area (borer rate = number of sycamore trees with borer holes / total number of sycamore trees investigated). A random survey of 50-100 sycamore trees can be conducted to estimate the borer rate in the area. The number of adult sycamore beetles or eggs released is determined based on the borer rate. For example, if the sycamore tree DBH in the target control area is 30cm and the borer rate is 20%, then the number of adult sycamore beetles released per sycamore tree = 30 × 20% = 6, and the number of sycamore beetle eggs released per sycamore tree = 30 × 20% × 10 = 60.

[0048] The eggs of the flowering longhorn beetle are released in the form of egg cards, each containing 10-30 eggs. The best results are achieved by attaching the cards containing the eggs below the boreholes of the longhorn beetle. After hatching, the eggs will instinctively climb upwards to find a host. Adult flowering longhorn beetles are released in the form of finger-shaped tubes. These tubes can be placed below the trunk of the sycamore tree or attached around the boreholes. Opening the tubes allows the adults to crawl out and find a host. Releasing flowering longhorn beetles effectively reduces the number of longhorn beetle larvae, thus reducing the severity of the damage. Furthermore, the continuous reproduction of the beetles provides sustained pest control.

[0049] Under normal circumstances, such as when the borer rate is <50%, either adult moths or eggs can be released. In areas with particularly severe infestation, such as when the borer rate is ≥50%, both adult moths and eggs can be released simultaneously.

[0050] 6. Summer fertilization and pesticide application Early summer (May-June) is the peak growth period for sycamore shoots, and their nutritional needs are also relatively high. Supplemental fertilization is necessary to provide nutrients for healthy growth and to continuously enhance the sycamore's resistance to pests and diseases. At this time, the fertilizer formula, by weight, should be well-rotted organic fertilizer: slow-release compound fertilizer = 5:1. Cow manure and sheep manure are the best organic fertilizers, and balanced compound fertilizers (N:P:K = 15:15:15) are preferred, such as commercially available Stanley compound fertilizers and Zhilv NPK compound fertilizers.

[0051] The fertilizer application rate per sycamore tree (kg) = tree diameter at breast height (cm) × 0.5. The purpose of fertilization is to strengthen the branches and prevent branch breakage caused by frequent typhoons in summer and autumn. May and June are the periods of rapid increase in sycamore powdery mildew disease index and sycamore lace bug population density. Therefore, while fertilizing, use 10% imidacloprid and 12% cyproconazole. Specifically, after fertilization, dilute 10% imidacloprid and 12% cyproconazole 2000 times with water and irrigate. The solution is absorbed through the roots and transported to the leaves, effectively controlling sycamore powdery mildew and lace bugs, reducing interference from other pests and diseases, and improving sycamore growth. The fertilization method is the same as in spring fertilization. After fertilization, the above-mentioned agents can be diluted with water and applied to the tree pit.

[0052] 7. Chemical control of adult Asian longhorn beetles Mid-to-late May to mid-to-late June is the peak period for adult emergence and damage by the Asian longhorn beetle (Symplocos sylvestris). During this time, chemical control measures targeting adults can effectively reduce their numbers and lessen the damage caused by the next generation. Taking advantage of the beetle's tendency to replenish nutrients after emergence, contact pesticides can be sprayed during the peak emergence period. A commercially available 8% high-efficiency cyhalothrin microcapsule suspension can be used. Dilute it 500 times with water and spray it evenly onto the branches and trunks of sylvestris trees or other trees that the beetle prefers to feed on. This forms a film covering the tree branches and trunks, and when the adults crawl over or feed on the bark, they are killed through contact or stomach poisoning. Spraying should be done until the bark is slightly wet but not dripping with pesticide. The trunk and crown should be thoroughly wetted. Begin application in mid-to-late May and apply for 2-3 times consecutively, with an interval of 10-15 days between each application. Pesticide control can effectively reduce the number of adult longhorn beetles. Note that pesticide application is prohibited during the peak period of the longhorn beetle egg parasitoid wasp (July-August).

[0053] 8. Use insect netting to control adult insects. The optimal time to use insect nets to control adult longhorn beetles is from late April to early May each year. Insect nets should be used before the beetles emerge from their molts and when fresh boreholes are discovered. Mid-to-late May and June are the peak emergence periods for longhorn beetles. Insect nets can prevent the beetles from flying out after emergence, trapping the adults inside and causing them to starve to death. After emerging, the longhorn beetles bite out emergence holes and fly out from inside the tree trunk. Taking advantage of this characteristic, after discovering boreholes, insect nets can be wrapped around the trunk around the holes, preventing the adults from escaping. Additionally, adults that land on the insect nets while replenishing their nutrients or laying eggs on the trunk can also become entangled and unable to leave.

[0054] The width of each insect-proof net is preferably 1-1.5m to ensure coverage of the borer holes and the entire infested area. The length of the net is determined according to the tree circumference, generally 1-2m (for sycamore trees with a diameter at breast height of 30-60cm), aiming to wrap around the tree completely. Elastic ropes or Velcro can be used to secure the nets at the joints to prevent them from detaching from the trunk. The nets can be made of polyethylene or nylon wire to enhance durability and prevent easy damage by the longhorn beetles. The wire diameter of the net is 0.05-0.1mm, and the mesh size is preferably (2-5)mm × (2-5)mm, which effectively wraps around the longhorn beetle's tarsi while preventing adult beetles from crawling out through the gaps. Adult longhorn beetles found inside or outside the net can be collected and destroyed promptly, or they can be disposed of after they have died. The insect-proof netting can maintain its effectiveness from late August to early September. As long as adult longhorn beetles emerge, it can still be effective. Afterward, monitoring should be strengthened, and the netting should be replaced promptly if any damage is found.

[0055] 9. Use traps to catch adult insects. The traps should be used from late April to early May each year, before the adult Asian longhorn beetles emerge in large numbers. The traps need to be used with lures, the main components of which are the Asian longhorn beetle aggregation pheromone and host plant volatiles. The effective components of the Asian longhorn beetle aggregation pheromone are 4-heptaoxybutanol + 4-heptaoxybutanal (mass ratio 1:1). Using host plant volatiles in combination with the Asian longhorn beetle aggregation pheromone will improve the trapping effect. The Asian longhorn beetle prefers to feed on Acer negundo and neem. The main components of Acer negundo volatiles are styrene + myrcene + leaf acetate + acetophenone (mass ratio 8:86:5:10), while the main components of neem volatiles are camphene + cis-3-hexen-1-ol + ocimene + β-caryophyllene (mass ratio 14:26:27:45).

[0056] When applying this product, the longhorn beetle aggregation pheromone (0.3 ml) + host plant volatiles (2 ml of Acer negundo volatiles or 2 ml of Melia azedarach volatiles) can be combined with a slow-release carrier. The slow-release carrier can be a fiber sheet or a polyethylene bag. The longhorn beetle aggregation pheromone and host plant volatiles are dripped onto the fiber sheet (350mm×20mm×2mm) and then slowly released through the polyethylene bag (100mm×80mm×0.08mm). Finally, the polyethylene bag is placed in the trap to attract adult longhorn beetles. The combination of the longhorn beetle aggregation pheromone and the host plant volatiles that the longhorn beetle prefers can enhance the trapping effect.

[0057] The trap can be made of black plastic, which is not easily noticed by the Asian longhorn beetle. The main structure includes a top cover (for easy hanging and to prevent rainwater from entering the collection container), a cross-shaped baffle (adult beetles fall into the collection container after hitting the baffle), a funnel-shaped bottom plate (after hitting the baffle, the beetles fall into the collection container through the funnel), a collection container (connected to the funnel-shaped bottom plate to collect adult beetles), and a pad (placed at the opening of the collection container to prevent the beetles from climbing out). The trap can also be purchased directly. It can be hung on sycamore branches 1.5-3 meters above the ground, or on flowering shrubs around the sycamore. Because the adult longhorn beetle emergence period is relatively long, the trap can remain hanging until late August to early September. The lure should be replaced every 1.5-2 months, and the adult beetles in the collection container should be cleaned regularly.

[0058] 10. Use black light to trap adult insects. Adult longhorn beetles are attracted to black light. From late April to late August, in areas with severe infestations, insecticidal lamps can be used to trap and kill adult longhorn beetles. The lamps should be placed at a height of 1.2-2 meters, which facilitates management and maintenance while ensuring they are easily spotted by the adults. The wavelength of the black light should be between 350-400 nm, as adult longhorn beetles are most sensitive to this range, resulting in optimal trapping. Turn the lamps on every evening and turn them off at dawn, regularly removing the trapped adults. Black light can be used until mid-to-late October, attracting not only adult longhorn beetles but also moths.

[0059] 11. Capturing adult insects by exploiting their feigned death behavior. Adult longhorn beetles exhibit feigning death. When adults are found resting on sycamore branches or surrounding plants, shake the branches or use a long bamboo pole to tap near the beetles. After the beetles fall to the ground in feigned death, collect them for disposal. Manual capture of adults can begin in early June and continue until late August, preferably in the morning, evening, or after rain.

[0060] 12. Manually killing the eggs of the longhorn beetle. The peak egg-laying period for the Asian longhorn beetle is from late June to early August. Female adults use their mandibles to bite through the bark of sycamore trees, creating inverted "T"-shaped oviposition grooves. They then insert their oviposition tubes into these grooves and lay their eggs in the crevices of the bark. Utilizing this characteristic, one can locate the inverted "T"-shaped oviposition scars on the trunk of sycamore trees and use a blunt object (hammer) to strike the oviposition grooves to kill the eggs. The target is a groove where a small amount of sap should just flow out after striking it. Alternatively, a knife can be used to pry open the groove, and then a wire can be used to pierce the eggs. Manual removal of Asian longhorn beetle eggs can begin in mid-to-late June and continue until mid-to-late August, primarily targeting the main trunk and base of the sycamore tree. This should be done monthly for three consecutive months to effectively reduce the number of eggs. When the beetle population is large, removal can be done every 15 days.

[0061] 13. Manual capture of longhorn beetle larvae July and August are the optimal time for manual control of the Asian longhorn beetle, as its larvae are mostly in the egg and early larval stages. At this time, the boreholes are shallow, minimizing damage to the sycamore tree during removal. After hatching, the larvae primarily feed under the bark, then expand their feeding around the borehole, creating irregular sawdust and a soy sauce-like liquid that oozes out, resulting in noticeable damage. As the larvae mature, they gradually bore into the xylem, deepening the boreholes and making manual removal increasingly difficult. Therefore, using a shovel to open the borehole when the larvae are still young, followed by removal with a wire hook, is a relatively effective control method. Since the hatching time of the larvae varies, larval capture can begin in early July and continue until late September. In recent years, Shanghai has organized manual capture of Asian longhorn beetle larvae annually, averaging over 30,000 larvae captured each year, effectively reducing the beetle population.

[0062] 14. Release parasitic wasps for biological control. From mid-June to mid-August, when the larvae of the Asian longhorn beetle are at a relatively young age with thinner body walls and weaker defenses, releasing *Leptochloa crus-galli* wasps for biological control is most effective. Biological control is environmentally friendly, has a long-lasting effect, and is an ideal control method. The optimal release time is 8-10 AM or 5-6 PM, with the temperature ideally around 25℃. The number of *Leptochloa crus-galli* wasps released depends on the number of Asian longhorn beetles and the severity of damage. Refer to published data to calculate the release quantity: Release quantity (wasps) = Estimated number of Asian longhorn beetle larvae in the target area × wasp-to-wasp ratio, where the wasp-to-wasp ratio = (boring rate × 10): 1. Before release, it is necessary to determine the number of sycamore trees in the target area and investigate the Asian longhorn beetle borer rate and average number of borers (boring rate = number of sycamore trees with Asian longhorn beetle borers / total number of sycamore trees investigated; average number of borers = number of Asian longhorn beetle borers / total number of sycamore trees investigated). For example, if the borer rate in the target area is 30%, then the ratio of wasps to larvae should be (boring rate × 10): 1 = (30% × 10): 1 = 3:1. If there are 1000 sycamore trees in the target area, and the average number of borers per sycamore tree is 1.1, then the estimated number of longhorn beetle larvae = number of sycamore trees × average number of borers per tree = 1000 × 1.1 = 1100, and the number of wasps released = 1100 × 3 = 3300.

[0063] The release method involves attaching a glass tube containing a parasitic wasp to the branches of trees infested with longhorn beetle larvae, preferably near the borer holes for better results. Then, remove the cotton plug and allow the parasitic wasp to crawl out and find longhorn beetle larvae to parasitize.

[0064] 15. Parasitic wasps protecting the eggs of the longhorn beetle Surveys show that parasitic wasps on the eggs of the longhorn beetle exist in Shanghai. The parasitism rate of these wasps on longhorn beetle eggs is between 5% and 10%. Currently, there are no commercially available products containing these wasps. Therefore, the primary approach to controlling the longhorn beetle egg parasitoids should be to protect local natural predators. During the peak egg-laying season of the longhorn beetle, which is July and August each year, the use of broad-spectrum pesticides that are highly harmful to natural predators should be avoided. For example, organophosphates and pyrethroids should be prohibited. Protecting the longhorn beetle egg parasitoids in the natural ecosystem is crucial. Natural regulation of the ecosystem can effectively reduce the survival rate and population of longhorn beetle eggs.

[0065] 16. Supplement with the release of the flower beetle for biological control. During September and October, when the average temperature is between 20℃ and 30℃, the flower-haired longhorn beetle is highly active. However, most of the longhorn beetle larvae have not yet entered the mature larval or pupal stage, making their activity relatively strong. This makes it difficult for the flower-haired longhorn beetle to parasitize or feed on them, and they also need to cope with the temperature changes in autumn and winter. To compensate for winter consumption and increase the number of naturally overwintering flower-haired longhorn beetle populations, it is necessary to appropriately increase the number of adult beetles released and decrease the number of flower-haired longhorn beetle eggs released. Therefore, the release amount of flower-haired longhorn beetles needs to be adjusted compared to mid-to-late April to early May. First, the longhorn beetle borer rate in the release area is determined based on a sampling survey. Then, the number of flower-haired longhorn beetles released is determined based on the borer rate. The number of adult flower-haired longhorn beetles released per sycamore tree (heads) = tree diameter at breast height (cm) × borer rate × 2; the number of flower-haired longhorn beetle eggs released per sycamore tree (eggs) = tree diameter at breast height (cm) × borer rate × 5. The release method is the same as that for mid-to-late April to early May, and will not be repeated here.

[0066] 17. Fertilizing in autumn Autumn is the late stage of vegetative growth for sycamore trees. During this time, fertilization is crucial to promote growth and enhance resistance to pests, diseases, and cold weather. The optimal time for fertilization is from mid-October to mid-November. A suitable fertilizer formula at this time, by weight, is well-rotted organic fertilizer: slow-release compound fertilizer = 10:1. The preferred organic fertilizer is cow or sheep manure, and the preferred slow-release compound fertilizer is a high-phosphorus, high-potassium compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 71:102:110). For example, commercially available high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 31:10:10), high-phosphorus compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 10:40:10), and high-potassium compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 10:6:40) can be mixed evenly in a 1:2:2 ratio to obtain a high-phosphorus, high-potassium compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 71:102:110. The amount of fertilizer applied per sycamore tree (kg) = tree diameter at breast height (cm) × 1. The purpose of fertilization is to prevent excessive growth in autumn, strengthen branches and trunks, promote root development, enhance cold resistance and disease and pest resistance, and reserve sufficient nutrients for the sycamore tree to overwinter, thereby enhancing its winter survival ability. The fertilization method is the same as that for spring fertilization, and will not be repeated here.

[0067] 18. Whitewash the tree trunk About 20% of the longhorn beetle will lay its eggs below 1 meter from the trunk of the sycamore tree. Applying white paint to the area below 1 meter from the trunk during winter and spring can prevent the longhorn beetle from laying eggs there. The white paint should be applied to the main trunk of the sycamore tree 0-1 meter from the ground, including the exposed roots of the sycamore tree around the tree pit. The amount of white paint should be such that it does not drip.

[0068] After applying whitewash in winter, to prevent the whitewash from being washed away, worn away, or peeled off by rainwater, a second application of whitewash can be done in May of the following year before the adult longhorn beetles emerge and lay eggs. This will be more effective in preventing the longhorn beetles from laying eggs.

[0069] The formula for the whitewash is quicklime: water: sulfur / lime-sulfur mixture: salt: oil: thickener = 20:60-80:1-3:1-2:0.5:2-4. Quicklime's main component is calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide, which has bactericidal and insecticidal effects. Note that quicklime must be fully slaked with water before use to avoid burning the bark. Cold or room temperature water can be used. Cold water absorbs some of the reaction heat, making the reaction process relatively gentle and slow, greatly reducing the risk of boiling and splashing, facilitating the full reaction and dissolution of the quicklime, and allowing sufficient time for other added components (such as lime-sulfur mixture, salt, and adhesive) to dissolve and mix evenly. The lime-sulfur mixture is used in its undiluted form, and 95% sulfur powder is used; both have good bactericidal and insecticidal effects. The main component of salt is sodium chloride, whose primary function is to lower the freezing point and prevent the whitewash from freezing; its secondary function is to enhance adhesion and assist in bactericidal and insecticidal effects. Oils can be vegetable oils, animal oils, or synthetic oils, such as tung oil, tallow, and acrylic resin. The main function of oils is to optimize film-forming properties and elasticity, allowing the whitening agent to form a continuous, dense, and somewhat elastic film after drying. This enhances the adhesion and durability of the whitening agent, improves its water resistance and erosion resistance, and also adjusts its consistency and lubricity, making it easier to mix evenly, apply more smoothly, and achieve more uniform coverage. Tackifiers can be made from materials such as flour or clay, which are simple to prepare and inexpensive. Industrial synthetic materials such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can also be used, providing even better adhesion.

[0070] Example 1 Green control of the sycamore longhorn beetle was carried out on 10 roadside trees in Putuo District, Shanghai. The above-mentioned control steps 1, 3, 5, 7, 12, 13, 15, and 18 were used, and the control effect on the sycamore longhorn beetle was 60% or more.

[0071] Example 2 Green control of the sycamore longhorn beetle was carried out on the outer ring forest belt of Putuo District using the above-mentioned control steps 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, and 18. The control effect on the sycamore longhorn beetle was 80%.

[0072] Example 3 Green control of the sycamore longhorn beetle was carried out on the outer ring forest belt of Pudong New Area using the above-mentioned control steps 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, and 18. The control effect on the sycamore longhorn beetle was 85%.

[0073] Example 4 Green control of the sycamore longhorn beetle was carried out in Minhang District Sports Park using the above-mentioned control steps 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17, and 18, achieving a control effect of 85% against the sycamore longhorn beetle.

[0074] Example 5 Green control of the sycamore longhorn beetle was carried out in Century Park, Shanghai, using the above-mentioned control steps 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18. The control effect on the sycamore longhorn beetle reached over 90%.

[0075] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in this application should still be covered by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A green control method for the Jupiter longhorn beetle, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Release adult voles or eggs of the voles from mid-to-late April to early May. The number of adult voles released per sycamore tree (heads) = tree diameter at breast height (cm) × borer rate. The number of eggs released per sycamore tree (pieces) = tree diameter at breast height (cm) × borer rate × 10. Spray sycamore trees with diluted cyhalothrin from mid-to-late May to mid-to-late June, repeating the application 2-3 times, with an interval of 10-15 days between each application. In late April to early May, insect-proof netting is used to wrap the trunks of sycamore trees. The diameter of the netting wires is 0.05-0.1mm and the mesh size is 2-5mm×2-5mm. Use black lights from the end of April to the end of August. Set the black light height at 1.2-2m and the wavelength at 350-400nm. Artificial killing of longhorn beetle eggs occurred from late June to early August. Larvae of the Asian longhorn beetle are captured manually from July to late September. Release the parasitic wasp from mid-June to mid-August. The number of parasitic wasps released (in individuals) = the estimated number of longhorn beetle larvae in the target area × the wasp-to-wasp ratio, where the wasp-to-wasp ratio = 10 × borer rate:

1.

2. The green control method for the longhorn beetle of Jupiter as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: In September and October, release adult sycamore beetles or sycamore beetle eggs. The number of adult sycamore beetles released per sycamore tree is equal to the tree's diameter at breast height (cm) × the borer rate × 2. The number of sycamore beetle eggs released per sycamore tree is equal to the tree's diameter at breast height (cm) × the borer rate × 5.

3. The green control method for the Jupiter longhorn beetle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The trap contains a lure, the lure components of which include the aggregation pheromone of the longhorn beetle and host plant volatiles. The longhorn beetle aggregation pheromone is a mixture of 4-heptoxybutanol and 4-heptoxybutanal. The host plant volatiles are either maple volatiles or neem volatiles. The maple volatiles are a mixture of styrene, myrcene, leaf acetate, and acetophenone. The neem volatiles are a mixture of camphene, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, ocimene, and β-caryophyllene.

4. The green control method for the longhorn beetle of Jupiter as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Planting of maple trees in March and April: For areas where sycamore trees are planted in large numbers in parks, green spaces, or woodlands, plant 2-4 rows of maple trees around the perimeter of the sycamore trees, with a row spacing of 1.5-2m and a plant spacing of 2-3m; for sycamore trees planted in single rows along roads, plant 1-2 rows of maple trees in the green spaces around the roads, or plant 1-2 maple trees every 30-50m.

5. The green control method for the Jupiter longhorn beetle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: From early March to mid-April, a formulated soil mix was used to improve the soil for sycamore trees. The formula of the formulated soil mix, by weight, is: loam: gravel: well-rotted organic fertilizer: coarse sand: leaf mold: slow-release fertilizer: sulfur powder / ferrous sulfate = 100:100:15-30:15-20:30-40:5-10:0.2-0.6 / 0.02-0.

06. The amount of formulated soil mix used is based on the following formula: Formulated soil mix usage (m³) = sycamore tree diameter at breast height (cm) × X, where X = 0.05-0.

3.

6. The green control method for the longhorn beetle of Jupiter as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Fertilize the sycamore trees in early March to early April. The fertilizer formula is as follows (by weight): well-rotted organic fertilizer: slow-release compound fertilizer: micronutrient fertilizer = 10:1-2:0.01-0.

05. The amount of fertilizer is calculated according to the following formula: fertilizer amount (kg) = tree diameter at breast height (cm) × Y, where Y = 0.5-1.

7. The green control method for the longhorn beetle of Jupiter as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: During May and June, fertilize and apply pesticides to sycamore trees. The fertilizer formula is 5:1 by weight of well-rotted organic fertilizer and slow-release compound fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer is calculated according to the following formula: fertilizer amount (kg) = tree diameter at breast height (cm) × 0.

5. The pesticide is a diluted solution of 10% imidacloprid and 12% cyproconazole.

8. The green control method for the Jupiter longhorn beetle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: In late October to late November, fertilize the sycamore trees in autumn. The fertilizer formula is: well-rotted organic fertilizer : slow-release compound fertilizer = 10:1 by weight. The amount of fertilizer is calculated according to the following formula: fertilizer amount (kg) = tree diameter at breast height (cm) × 1.

9. The green control method for the Jupiter longhorn beetle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: From early June to late August, shake the branches of the sycamore tree or tap near the adult beetle to manually capture adult longhorn beetles. Avoid using broad-spectrum pesticides in July and August to protect the eggs of the star beetle parasitoid wasp.

10. The green control method for the longhorn beetle of Jupiter as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: In November and December, the trunk of the sycamore tree is whitewashed with a whitewashing agent. The formula of the whitewashing agent is as follows (by weight): quicklime: water: sulfur / lime-sulfur mixture: salt: oil: viscous agent = 20:60-80:1-3:1-2:0.5:2-4. The whitewashing area is 0-1m above the ground on the trunk of the sycamore tree, including the exposed roots of the sycamore tree around the tree pit.

Images