Flower promoting method of golden camellia

Abstract

The invention relates to a flower promoting method for camellia nitidissima, and belongs to the technical field of horticultural plant cultivation. The method solves the technical problems that the number of natural flowers of golden camellia is small, old branches are difficult to bloom, and plants are tall and unsuitable for pot culture and appreciation. Providing a camellia nitidissima potted plant which is subjected to dwarfing and germination promoting treatment and has formed a robust main stem and secondary branches; in February to March every year, periodical flower promoting treatment is carried out on plants, the flower promoting treatment comprises the steps that flower promoting liquid medicine formed by compounding 500-800 times of trypan and 800-1000 times of trace element water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces, the spraying frequency is once every 7-10 days, root irrigation fertilization is synchronously carried out at least once every month, and the root irrigation fertilization is carried out at least once every month. The root irrigation liquid contains mineral source potassium fulvate, monopotassium phosphate, amino acid water-soluble fertilizer and compound sodium nitrophenolate, so that dormant buds or adventitious buds on main stalks of plants and two-year-old or above lignified old branches are induced and promoted to differentiate into flower buds and bloom. The method is mainly used for promoting the camellia nitidissima potted plants to bloom more and bloom old branches, and the ornamental value and the economic value of the camellia nitidissima potted plants are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of horticultural plant cultivation technology. More specifically, this invention relates to a method for promoting flowering in Camellia chrysantha. Background Technology

[0002] Golden Flower Tea ( Camellia chrysantha As a precious ornamental and medicinal plant, its golden-yellow, waxy flowers are highly valued. However, several technical challenges remain to be addressed in its artificial cultivation, especially in potted cultivation.

[0003] Firstly, under natural growth or conventional cultivation conditions, the number of flowers per plant of Camellia chrysantha is often limited, and the flowers are sparsely distributed, which affects its ornamental fullness and visual appeal as a potted plant. The number of flowers is affected by the plant's own physiological state, nutrient accumulation, and environmental factors. Therefore, how to stably and significantly increase the number of flowers in potted Camellia chrysantha is a common cultivation goal.

[0004] Secondly, the flower buds of Camellia chrysantha typically differentiate and open on current-year or one-year-old new shoots, while the lignified old branches (main trunk and secondary branches) older than two years are mostly in a state of stagnant vegetative growth or dormancy, and the buds (dormant buds or adventitious buds) on them are difficult to transform into flower buds. This biological characteristic limits the number of flowering sites in the plant as a whole, making it impossible for the inner canopy and lower old branch areas to contribute to the amount of flowers, reducing the flowering layers and overall ornamental potential. Inducing flowering on old branches involves breaking the deep dormancy of their buds and guiding them towards reproductive development, which is usually quite difficult in woody plants.

[0005] Furthermore, under natural growing conditions, golden camellia plants are quite tall and have a rather open shape. If directly applied to potted settings such as balconies and courtyards with limited space, the plants would be too tall and have too large a canopy, making them inconvenient to place and manage. They would also fail to meet the requirements for compact and sturdy plant shapes in indoor and outdoor bonsai landscaping. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately regulate their vegetative growth to achieve potted plant shape management.

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, cultivation practices have explored various methods, including conventional pruning, increased application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and the use of single plant growth regulators. For instance, applying growth inhibitors to dwarf the plant can lead to side effects such as excessive internode shortening, leaf deformities, or excessive overall growth suppression, impacting health and ornamental value. Spraying certain flower-promoting hormones has also been tried, sometimes showing some effect in promoting flowering on new branches, but its effect on activating dormant buds on older branches is unstable or insufficient, and may disrupt the plant's normal physiological balance. A stable, effective, and side-controllable method for promoting flowering in potted Camellia chrysantha remains a significant technical challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0007] One objective of this invention is to provide a systematic method for promoting flowering in Camellia chrysantha, aiming to comprehensively address the problems of insufficient flower quantity and scattered flowering in its potted cultivation, particularly overcoming the technical bottleneck of the difficulty in differentiating flower buds on lignified old branches older than two years. This method, by coordinating specific cultivation stages, key time windows, and periodic nutrient and regulator treatments, effectively guides the plant from vegetative growth to reproductive growth while inhibiting excessive vegetative growth and promoting a compact plant shape. Ultimately, this significantly increases the number of flowers and induces flowering on the main stem and old branches, thereby enhancing the ornamental value and economic output of individual plants.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for promoting flowering in Camellia chrysantha, comprising the following steps: Step 1, providing potted Camellia chrysantha plants that have undergone dwarfing and sprouting-promoting treatment and have formed robust main stems and secondary branches; Step 2, starting from February to March each year, periodically subjecting the plants to flowering-promoting treatment, which includes: Step 21, foliar spraying: spraying a flowering-promoting solution composed of a 500-800 times diluted solution of Flower-Promoting Agent and an 800-1000 times diluted solution of micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, spraying once every 7 to 10 days; Step 22, simultaneous root irrigation: simultaneously with the spraying of the solution, performing root irrigation fertilization at least once a month, the root irrigation solution containing: 5 g / L of mineral-derived potassium humate, 5 g / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10-20 mL / L of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, and 0.5 Step 3: Continue the treatment in Step 2 for at least 3 months to induce and promote the differentiation of dormant or adventitious buds on the main stem and lignified old branches of the plant into flower buds, which will eventually open.

[0009] To further optimize the specific methods of dwarfing and sprout-promoting treatment, a simple and effective physical method is provided to control the main stem height of potted Camellia chrysantha and break its apical dominance. Preferably, in step 1 of this invention, the dwarfing and sprout-promoting treatment includes: manually pruning the main stem of the plant at a distance of 30cm from the planting surface.

[0010] Based on physical topping, chemical regulation methods are added to synergistically enhance the dwarfing and sprouting-promoting effect, while avoiding the use of growth regulators that may produce adverse side effects. Preferably, in step 1 of the present invention, the dwarfing and sprouting-promoting treatment further includes: spraying a chlormequat chloride solution with a concentration of 100 to 200 mg / L, and paclobutrazol is not used in the dwarfing and sprouting-promoting treatment.

[0011] To systematically solve the problem of effectively activating dormant buds on old branches using conventional flowering-inducing methods, the present invention preferably activates the target old branches 2 to 3 weeks before the start of the periodic flowering-inducing treatment in step 2. This includes: activating the target old branches 2 to 3 weeks before the start of the periodic flowering-inducing treatment in step 2, including: a) preparing a mixed solution containing 10 to 15 mg / L salicylic acid and 0.5 to 1.0 mg / L methyl jasmonate, and spraying the plant with the leaves, the amount of which should be enough to moisten the leaves without dripping; b) selecting 1 to 2 mature and healthy leaves that are most likely to have a direct vascular connection with the target old branch and are functionally vigorous as source leaves; and slowly injecting 10 to 20 mg / L of the solution into the base of the petiole of the source leaves using a microsyringe. A 0.5% to 1.0% aqueous solution of food coloring carmine or amaranth is used as a visible marker. If red exudate or appears at the girdled wound or above the bud on the target old branch within 24 to 48 hours after injection, it initially indicates the channel is effective. c) Make a ring-shaped incision about 1 to 3 cm above the selected bud on the target old branch using a girdling knife. The incision should be no more than 1 mm wide and 1.0 to 1.5 mm deep, just enough to cut the phloem without damaging the xylem. Apply a mixed gel containing 50 to 100 mg / L of 6-benzylaminopurine and brown algae extract to the incision area and the bud area below using a fine brush to form a uniform thin layer. d) On the 3rd and 7th day after step c), spray the underside of the source leaves with a sprayer containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate. a mixture of g / L urea and 1 g / L urea solution, sprayed until the underside of the leaves is moist; e) after completing the above steps, after an interval of 5 to 7 days, start the periodic flowering promotion treatment in step 2.

[0012] To reduce the potential risk of inhibitory effects on young shoots from whole-plant spraying of signaling molecules and to improve the localization and persistence of signal delivery, preferably, an activation phase targeting older branches is included 2 to 3 weeks before the start of the periodic flowering induction treatment in step 2. This activation phase includes: A) taking water-soluble plant bandages and cutting them into strips 10 mm wide and long enough to wrap around the branch once; B) completely immersing the water-soluble plant bandages in a mixed solution of 10 to 15 mg / L salicylic acid and 0.5 to 1.0 mg / L methyl jasmonate for 5 to 10 minutes until fully absorbed, then removing and draining off excess droplets; C) making a ring-shaped incision about 1 to 3 cm above a selected bud on the target older branch, with a width not exceeding 1 mm and a depth of 1.0 to 1.5 mm. The diameter of the cut should be just enough to cut the phloem without damaging the xylem; the prepared medicated bandage should be tightly spirally wrapped around the wound area, 2 to 3 layers, ensuring complete coverage of the wound and the applied bud-promoting gel; after wrapping, use biodegradable plant tape to reinforce the outer layer of the bandage to form a sealed primary release layer; D) Take a centrifuge tube and puncture the center of its cap with a hot needle to create a microhole with a diameter of about 0.5 mm; inject 0.3 to 0.5 mL of a mixed solution of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate into the centrifuge tube and place a cellulose sponge in it to increase liquid retention; tighten the cap and use waterproof tape to fix the centrifuge tube horizontally on the shaded side of the branch 8 to 10 cm above the wound, so that the microhole faces the branch surface; E) On the 3rd and 7th days after the completion of step D), use a microsyringe to add 0.1 to 0.2 mL of the mixed solution of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate through the microhole in the centrifuge tube cap to maintain the liquid level in the tube.

[0013] Preferably, in step 1 of the present invention, the golden camellia potted plant is cultivated from golden camellia tissue culture seedlings, and the tissue culture seedlings are transplanted into a substrate in which yellow soil, coconut coir and peat moss are mixed in a volume ratio of 3:1:1.

[0014] To address the quantitative challenge of light management for shade-loving plants, the present invention preferably involves planting the plants in a forest understory environment with a canopy closure of ≤50% and a light intensity of (20.3 to 27.2) × 1000 Lx.

[0015] To define the optimal physiological state and seedling age stage for the periodic flowering-inducing treatment of this invention, it is preferred that, in step 2 of this invention, before the periodic flowering-inducing treatment begins, the plants are 2 to 3-year-old Camellia chrysantha tissue culture seedlings with an average seedling height of 45 to 60 cm.

[0016] Preferably, in the flower-promoting solution of the present invention, the flower-promoting solution is diluted 500 to 800 times, the micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer is diluted 800 to 1000 times, and the micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer includes Ecovacs brand micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer.

[0017] To refine the specific timing of root irrigation fertilization in the periodic flowering-promoting treatment and to supplement a comprehensive nutrient supplementation scheme used during the flowering-promoting period, preferably, in step 22 of this invention, root irrigation fertilization is carried out in the middle of each month; during the flowering-promoting treatment in step 2, a supplementary nutrient solution is also applied once a month for root irrigation, the supplementary nutrient solution comprising: 5g / L potassium humate, 5g / L ascorbic acid, 10 to 20ml / L amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 0.5g / L sodium nitrophenolate, 10 to 20ml / L compound fertilizer, and 20 to 30g / L well-rotted chicken manure.

[0018] Preferably, during the periodic flowering promotion treatment in step 2, a coordinated management step is also included, specifically including: S1, during the spring shoot sprouting period, when the length of the new vegetative branches reaches 3 to 5 cm, the plant is subjected to the first shoot control treatment. The shoot control treatment is as follows: spray the apical growing point of the new vegetative branches with a calcium cyclamate solution at a concentration of 150 to 250 mg / L, and the amount of spraying is such that it wets 3 to 5 young leaves at the top without dripping; 15 to 20 days after the first shoot control treatment, the spring shoots that sprout again are subjected to the second shoot control treatment, and the concentration of calcium cyclamate is reduced to 100 to 150 mg / L, and the tips of the new branches are sprayed. S2. When applying the flower-promoting agent to the leaves in step 21, add 0.01% to 0.05% of alkyl polysaccharide as an synergist to reduce the surface tension of the agent on the rough bark of old branches, enhance the wetting and penetration ability of the agent, and enable the flower-promoting active ingredients to effectively enter the phloem of old branches and be transported to dormant buds. S3. In the root irrigation fertilization in step 22, add a compound microbial agent with a concentration of 0.5 to 1.0 g / L to the irrigation solution every so often. The compound microbial agent is composed of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus mucilaginosus in a 1:1 ratio, with a total effective viable count ≥ 2 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g.

[0019] Preferably, during the periodic flowering treatment in step 2, a low-temperature protection step is also included. This step is initiated when the minimum ambient temperature is predicted to be below 10°C within the next 48 hours. Specifically, this includes: spraying the plant leaves with an antifreeze nutrient solution composed of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05% brassinolide 12 hours before the arrival of low temperature, with the amount sprayed enough to moisten the leaves without dripping; covering the entire plant with a non-woven fabric with a light transmittance of 70% within 2 hours after spraying, and pressing the cover firmly around the edges; and removing the non-woven fabric cover once the temperature has steadily risen above 12°C.

[0020] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. Significantly increases flower quantity, enabling flowering on old branches and overcoming the limitations of Camellia chrysantha's growth habits. By implementing periodic flower-promoting treatments during the critical window of February to March (foliar spraying of flower-promoting agents and micronutrient fertilizers, combined with simultaneous root irrigation of a specific nutrient solution), and integrating pre-treatment to dwarf and promote sprouting, this invention effectively coordinates the relationship between vegetative and reproductive growth in Camellia chrysantha. The mechanism lies in the fact that February to March is the initiation period of physiological differentiation of Camellia chrysantha flower buds. At this time, the synergistic supplementation of exogenous flower-promoting substances and phosphorus and potassium nutrients provides the necessary material basis for flower bud differentiation. The simultaneously applied root irrigation nutrient solution (mineral-derived potassium humate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium nitrophenolate, etc.) enhances root absorption and nutrient transport efficiency through the cell activity stimulating effect of sodium nitrophenolate, ensuring a sufficient supply of materials for flower bud differentiation. Experiments show that this method can increase the number of flowers per 5-year-old Camellia chrysantha cutting to over 1169, an increase of 60.7% compared to conventional treatments. The most prominent effect is that it induces dormant or adventitious buds on lignified old branches that are two years old or older to successfully differentiate into flower buds and open, turning old branches from non-flowering branches into effective flowering branches. The proportion of flowers on old branches can be increased to more than 30%, breaking through its traditional habit of only flowering on new branches.

[0021] 2. Achieving effective dwarfing and optimized plant shape to suit the needs of potted ornamental plants. By artificially pruning the main stem 30cm from the pot surface and combining it with spraying 100-200mg / L chlormequat chloride (without using paclobutrazol) for dwarfing and sprouting promotion, this invention effectively promotes the sprouting of lateral branches while inhibiting excessive growth of the main stem. The mechanism is as follows: artificial pruning breaks apical dominance, eliminating the inhibition of lateral buds by auxin produced by the apical meristem, allowing dormant buds to sprout; chlormequat chloride, as an inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis, inhibits cell elongation by blocking the gibberellin synthesis pathway, resulting in shorter internodes, thicker stems, and simultaneously promoting the sprouting of lateral buds. The synergistic effect of these two factors controls the plant height to 50-60cm, with compact internodes and a full crown, forming an ideal dwarfed and compact plant shape for potted plants. This method explicitly excludes the use of paclobutrazol because paclobutrazol has a long residual period in the soil, which can easily lead to side effects such as leaf wrinkling and deformity. In contrast, chlormequat chloride has a short action cycle and degrades quickly, thus achieving the goal of dwarfing while ensuring the health of the plant and the normal ornamental value of the leaves.

[0022] 3. Two effective methods for activating old branches are provided, balancing universality and precision, both effectively improving the flowering rate of old branches. Method 1 systematically activates dormant buds on old branches by spraying the entire plant with a low-concentration SA / MeJA signaling agent, verifying and optimizing the vascular channel between the source leaf and the target branch, combining girdling with local application of bud-promoting gel, and nutrient enhancement of the source leaf. The mechanism is as follows: low-concentration SA and MeJA, as plant defense signaling molecules, can simulate moderate stress signals after whole-plant spraying, inducing the allocation of plant resources towards reproductive growth; the vascular channel between the source leaf and the target branch, verified by pigment labeling, ensures the directional transport of photosynthetic products and signaling substances to the target old branch; the temporary interruption of the phloem caused by girdling allows photosynthetic products from the upper leaves to accumulate above the wound, forming a localized high-concentration nutrient zone; the applied 6-BA and brown algae extract work synergistically at the wound site, providing cell division signals to the dormant buds, thereby effectively breaking dormancy. Option two utilizes a delivery system that combines localized, sustained-release medicated bandages to the wound with controlled-release volatiles via centrifugation. This achieves targeted, sustained-release, and controlled volatiles of signal molecules. The mechanism involves the medicated bandage continuously releasing SA / MeJA into the wound tissue under sealed conditions, creating a local signal field. Meanwhile, the micropores in the centrifuge tube release volatile MeJA at a controlled rate, establishing an upward gaseous signal gradient around the branch. This creates a spatiotemporal synergy with the liquid signal below, avoiding the inhibitory effect of whole-plant spraying on young shoots while improving the accuracy and persistence of signal delivery, resulting in higher safety.

[0023] 4. Create a suitable growth and flowering environment to improve the stability of the treatment effect. Transplant tissue-cultured seedlings into a specialized substrate with a ratio of yellow soil:coconut coir:peat soil of 3:1:1. This substrate combines water retention and fertilizer retention, aeration, and organic matter content, providing a favorable microenvironment for root development. Plants are planted in a forest understory environment with a canopy closure of ≤50% and a light intensity of 20.3 to 27.2 kLx. This light condition meets the needs of Camellia chrysantha, a shade-loving plant, for diffused light while avoiding insufficient photosynthesis due to excessive shading, providing suitable light conditions for flower bud differentiation. Healthy tissue-cultured seedlings aged 2 to 3 years and 45 to 60 cm in height are selected as the treatment subjects. At this stage, the plants have completed vegetative growth accumulation and possess the physiological basis to respond to flowering signals. Combined with monthly root irrigation with a comprehensive nutrient solution during the flowering period, this replenishes the mineral elements consumed during flowering and improves the root microenvironment through organic matter, enhancing the plant's resistance to adverse conditions. These measures together provide stable support for the continuous differentiation of flower buds and the development of flowers, ensuring the reliability and repeatability of the flower-promoting effect.

[0024] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 The image shows the flowering of old branches of Camellia chrysantha, a product of this invention. Figure 2 This is an image showing the differentiation of flower buds from the buds of Camellia chrysantha, according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description. It should be understood that terms such as "having," "comprising," and "including" as used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods, and the reagents and materials described are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0027] Example 1 This embodiment details a specific method for efficiently promoting flowering of Camellia chrysantha, especially for inducing flowering on old branches.

[0028] 1. Preparation and cultivation of test plants (1) Obtaining tissue culture rooted seedlings: Select Camellia chrysantha tissue culture rooted seedlings of different ages cultivated by Guangxi Nanning Arboretum. The plants should be vigorous, have well-developed root systems, and be free from diseases and pests.

[0029] (2) Preparation of special cultivation substrate: Prepare the transplanting substrate by weighing dry yellow soil, coconut coir and peat moss in a volume ratio of 3:1:1. Mix the three thoroughly to ensure that the texture is loose, breathable and water-retaining. The mixed substrate can be sprayed with 800-1000 times carbendazim solution for disinfection, piled up and covered with film for fumigation for 24 to 48 hours, and then spread out for use.

[0030] (3) Transplanting and initial care: Carefully transplant the tissue culture seedlings into nutrient cups (or similar non-woven fabric seedling bags) with a diameter of 9cm and a height of 10cm, fill them with the prepared substrate, and gently compact it. Immediately after transplanting, water thoroughly to help the roots establish, and place them in a shed with 70% to 80% shade to allow them to recover. During the recovery period, keep the substrate moist, maintain the relative humidity above 80%, and control the temperature at 20-28℃. After about 2 to 3 weeks, when new roots grow and new leaves sprout, it indicates that the transplanting has been successful.

[0031] (4) Seedling management and selection: After the seedlings have survived transplanting, they are moved to a greenhouse or open-air shade house with better ventilation and light for routine cultivation. Routine water and fertilizer management is as follows: apply mixed water-soluble fertilizer to the roots once a month. The concentration of the mixed water-soluble fertilizer is as follows: 5g / L of mineral-derived potassium humate, 5g / L of ascorbic acid, 15ml / L of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (range of 10 to 20ml / L), 0.5g / L of sodium nitrophenolate, 15ml / L of compound fertilizer with N:P:K ratio of 15:15:15 (range of 10 to 20ml / L), and 25g / L of fully decomposed chicken manure leachate (range of 20 to 30g / L). Apply 0.5 to 1.0 L of the prepared root drenching nutrient solution to each plant (potted or planted in the ground). The specific amount depends on the size of the potting container: 0.5 to 0.8 L for potted plants with a diameter of 15 to 20 cm, and 0.8 to 1.0 L for potted plants or planted in the ground with a diameter of 25 to 30 cm. The solution should thoroughly water the soil around the roots without causing runoff. After approximately 6 months of cultivation, the average seedling height will reach about 45 cm. At this time, select the best plants with numerous leaves, glossy leaf color, and obvious apical dominance for the next stage of transplanting.

[0032] (5) Planting and Environmental Control: Selected superior plants should be planted in the understory environment. The selected forest land should be evergreen broad-leaved forest or mixed forest, with canopy closure controlled at 50% or less (e.g., 40% to 50%) to ensure suitable light. Using a lux meter, the light intensity in this environment should be in the range of 20.3 × 1000 lux (Lx) to 27.2 × 1000 lux (Lx). The planting hole or pot container should be larger than the previous nutrient cup to ensure sufficient space for root growth. Water thoroughly after planting.

[0033] (6) Dwarfing and sprouting pretreatment: Within 1 to 2 months after planting, when the terminal buds sprout and new shoots begin to emerge, the plants are subjected to dwarfing and sprouting pretreatment to suppress apical dominance and promote the sprouting of lateral branches (secondary branches) to form an ideal potted plant with compact branches and leaves and a strong main stem, with a plant height of about 50 to 60 cm.

[0034] 2. Periodic flowering-inducing treatment (1) Timing of treatment: Taking Nanning, Guangxi as an example, the flowering promotion treatment is carried out from February 1 to March 31 each year. At this time, the temperature in Nanning begins to rise (average 10 to 15℃). After the relative dormancy of winter, the golden camellia plants begin to accumulate nutrients in their bodies, which is the key period for the physiological differentiation of flower buds.

[0035] (2) Preparation and foliar spraying of flower-promoting solution: Take a commercially available "Huapan" plant growth regulator and dilute it 600 times with water (this can be done in the range of 500 to 800 times, such as 550 times, 700 times, etc.). Separately, take a commercially available "Ecovacs" brand or similar formula micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer and dilute it 900 times with water (this can be done in the range of 800 to 1000 times, such as 850 times, 950 times, etc.). Mix the two diluted solutions at a 1:1 volume ratio and stir well to prepare the compound flower-promoting solution. The solution should be prepared and used immediately.

[0036] Using a handheld sprayer, evenly spray the pesticide solution onto the leaves (both sides) and stems of the plant until droplets begin to drip from the leaves. Spray every 7 to 10 days, preferably every 7 days. For example, if starting on February 15th, subsequent spraying dates could be February 22nd, March 1st, March 8th, and so on. Spraying should ideally be done on a sunny morning or evening, avoiding the midday heat.

[0037] (3) Simultaneous root irrigation fertilization: Take 5g of mineral-derived potassium humate, 5g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15ml of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (within the range of 10 to 20ml), and 0.5g of sodium nitrophenolate. Add them to 1L of clean water and stir until completely dissolved to prepare a root irrigation nutrient solution.

[0038] Simultaneously with the application of the flower-promoting solution, perform root drenching fertilization on the 15th of each month (or a fixed date chosen in the middle of each month). Apply approximately 0.5 to 1 L of the prepared root drenching nutrient solution to each plant (potted or planted in the ground). The specific amount should be enough to thoroughly water the soil around the roots without causing runoff. After drenching, if the soil surface is slightly dry, loosen the soil lightly to improve aeration.

[0039] (4) Supplemental nutrient management: During the flowering promotion treatment, in addition to the specific root irrigation solution on the 15th of each month, a supplemental nutrient solution can also be applied to the roots once at the beginning of each month (e.g., the 1st or 5th). The supplemental nutrient solution is prepared as follows: Take 5g of mineral-derived potassium humate, 5g of ascorbic acid, 15ml of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 0.5g of sodium nitrophenolate, 15ml of compound fertilizer, and 25g of well-rotted chicken manure leachate, add them to 1L of clean water and stir well. This step can further supplement nutrients comprehensively and enhance tree vigor.

[0040] (5) Duration of treatment: The above-mentioned periodic flowering-inducing treatments (steps 2 and 3) need to be carried out continuously for at least 3 months. For example, starting from mid-February and continuing until mid-May. This covers the critical period from physiological differentiation to morphological differentiation of Camellia chrysantha.

[0041] The method described in this embodiment achieves the following significant effects: two-year-old Camellia chrysantha tissue culture seedlings can flower, entering the reproductive growth stage earlier than under natural conditions. Orthogonal experiments show that when this method is first applied to three-year-old tissue culture seedlings, the number of flowers per plant can reach over 70 in the same year, significantly higher than the control. To verify the long-term application effect of this method on larger plants, it was applied to the same batch of plants for several consecutive years. By five years old, the number of flowers per large cutting propagated from the aforementioned tissue culture seedlings could reach over 1169, more than 15 times higher than the initial treatment and more than 60.7% higher than the untreated plants of the same species. This flower count is contributed by approximately 350 flower branches, each branch tipping with 3 to 4 flower buds (compared to 1 to 2 in the control), with some robust branches tipping with up to 9 flower buds. With continuous treatment, the number of flowers per plant shows a year-on-year increasing trend, maintaining a consistently high flowering level.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the most prominent effect of this invention is inducing flowering in lignified old branches that are two years old or older. Dormant or adventitious buds on these old branches are successfully activated and differentiate into flower buds, eventually opening. The diameter of flowering old branches can reach 19.2 cm or even more. Under conventional cultivation, the flower buds of Camellia chrysantha mainly grow on new branches that sprouted the previous year; this method completely changes this habit. After treatment with this method, the total number of flower buds differentiating on a single lateral branch can reach up to 38, reaching a historical peak. Among them, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, a single bud can differentiate into 3 to 4 flower buds (compared to 1 to 2 in the control group), with multiple flower branches contributing to the dense abundance of flowers on the lateral branches. Furthermore, the treated golden camellia flowers are larger and heavier, and tests have shown that the content of nutrients such as tea polyphenols and total flavonoids in its flowers and leaves is superior to that of conventionally grown plants, resulting in better quality.

[0043] This invention designs a series of single-factor and orthogonal experiments to determine the optimal time window, reagent ratio, and treatment scheme.

[0044] 1. Experiment on the start time of flowering induction treatment Ninety 3-year-old Camellia chrysantha tissue culture seedlings that had undergone uniform dwarfing and sprout-promoting treatment were selected and divided into 6 groups of 15 seedlings each. Except for the different initiation times of the flowering-promoting treatment, all other management measures were the same (the foliar spraying and simultaneous root irrigation scheme described in Example 1 was used for 3 months). The initiation times for the 6 groups were January, February, March, April, May, and a blank control (no flowering-promoting treatment, only routine water and fertilizer management). The total number of flowers per plant in the current year, the proportion of flowers on old branches (referring to branches older than two years), and the initial flowering period were recorded. The results are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1. Effect of flower-inducing treatment start time As can be seen, initiating the flowering-promoting treatment in February resulted in significantly higher total number of flowers per plant and a higher proportion of flowers blooming on older branches compared to other months (P<0.05). At this time, the plants are in the critical period of flower bud physiological differentiation, and the treatment effect is optimal. If initiated too early (January), the temperature is too low, and the plant activity is insufficient; if initiated too late (April and later), the physiological differentiation of flower buds has basically ended, and the flowering-promoting effect is sharply reduced.

[0045] 2. Experiment on the formulation of flowering-promoting agent solution Using L9(3) 4 An orthogonal experimental design was used to investigate three factors: dilution ratio of the foliar fertilizer (A: 500, 600, 700 times), dilution ratio of the micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer (B: 800, 900, 1000 times), and spraying frequency (C: 7, 10, 14 days / time). Three-year-old seedlings were used as the test material, and the treatment started in February and lasted for three months. Each treatment consisted of 10 plants, with three replicates.

[0046] The number of flowers per plant was the primary evaluation indicator. Range analysis showed that the order of influence of each factor on flower quantity was: dilution ratio of Huapan (A) > spraying frequency (C) > dilution ratio of micronutrient fertilizer (B). Analysis of variance showed that the effects of factors A and C were significant (P<0.05). A Huapan dilution ratio of 600 times resulted in the highest flower quantity; lower ratios (500 times) showed a slight inhibitory effect, while higher ratios (700 times) reduced the effect. A spraying frequency of once every 7 days was optimal, maintaining a more stable level of endogenous hormones compared to 10 days and 14 days. A micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer dilution ratio of 900 times showed slightly better results, but the differences between different levels were not significant. The optimal combination was A2B2C1, i.e., 600 times diluted Huapan + 900 times diluted micronutrient fertilizer, sprayed once every 7 days. The average flower quantity under this combination (76.2 flowers / plant) was significantly higher than other combinations.

[0047] 3. Experiment on the formulation of synchronous root irrigation nutrient solution Four treatments were set up, with 15 three-year-old seedlings in each group. T1: Complete root drenching solution from Example 1 (containing mineral-derived potassium humate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, amino acids, and sodium nitrophenolate); T2: Phosphorus and potassium deficiency treatment (without potassium dihydrogen phosphate); T3: Organic matter deficiency treatment (without mineral-derived potassium humate and amino acids); T4: Root drenching with conventional compound fertilizer (with equal nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content). Foliar treatment was the same as the optimal scheme in Example 1, initiated in February. Observational indicators included flower quantity, flower diameter, and number of flower buds on old branches. Quercetin content in flowers was measured during peak bloom. Results are as follows: Table 2. Experimental results of the formulation of the flowering-promoting agent. Note: Different letters after the data in the same column indicate significant differences at the P<0.05 level according to Duncan's new multiple range test.

[0048] As can be seen, the complete root irrigation solution formula (T1) of this invention performs best in promoting flower quantity, inducing flowering on old branches, and improving flower size and quality components. A lack of phosphorus and potassium (T2) severely affects the development of flower organs; a lack of organic matter (T3) affects nutrient absorption and transport; and using only conventional compound fertilizer (T4) cannot provide comprehensive and balanced nutrients for promoting flowering, resulting in the worst effect.

[0049] The orthogonal experiment aimed to screen the optimal flower-inducing treatment combination. The experimental subjects were 3-year-old tissue culture seedlings that received the treatment for the first time, and the observation period was the year of treatment. Therefore, the absolute value of the number of flowers (approximately 70 flowers / plant) reflects the short-term response effect of the flower-inducing treatment. When the optimal combination was applied to mature (5-year-old) cuttings that had been treated with this method for several consecutive years, the number of flowers could be significantly increased to over 1169 flowers / plant, demonstrating the long-term cumulative effect and optimization potential of this method.

[0050] The present invention also includes a comparative experiment, as detailed below: Comparative Example 1 (Comparison with conventional cultivation techniques) Three-year-old Camellia chrysantha tissue culture seedlings (the same age as those at the start of the periodic flowering induction treatment in Example 1) were selected and managed according to local conventional experience in potted Camellia chrysantha cultivation. A balanced compound fertilizer was applied once in spring, and a phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was applied once in summer. No specific dwarfing or sprouting-promoting treatments were performed (only light pruning of miscellaneous branches), nor was the periodic flowering induction treatment of this invention performed (no specific foliar spraying or root irrigation). Water management was to allow the soil to dry slightly between waterings. Results showed that the average height of the three-year-old plants exceeded 1.2 meters, with a loose plant shape and fewer branches. The average number of flowers in the first year was only 28.3 per plant, with all flowers growing at the tips of the previous year's new shoots, and no flowering on older branches. The flowering period was concentrated in January, with a high probability of encountering rain. This control indicates that the number of flowers in the three-year-old tissue culture seedlings not treated with this method was significantly lower than in Example 1 (approximately 70 to 80 flowers per plant), proving that this method has a significant flowering-promoting and enhancing effect on plants of the same age.

[0051] Comparative Example 2 (dwarfing only, without flower-promoting treatment) Camellia chrysantha tissue culture seedlings of the same age as those in Example 1 during the dwarfing and sprouting stage were selected. The initial dwarfing and sprouting treatment was the same as in Example 1 (including topping and spraying with chlormequat chloride). When the plants reached 3 years of age, only routine water and fertilizer management (monthly application of general compound fertilizer) was implemented after 2-3 months, without the periodic flowering-promoting treatment of this invention (no foliar spraying of florfenicol or no specific root irrigation solution). The results showed that the plants were compact, approximately 60cm tall, suitable for potted cultivation. However, the average number of flowers per plant in the first year (3 years) was only 35.8, and all flower buds grew on current-year or one-year-old branches, with no flower buds differentiated on older branches. This indicates that dwarfing treatment alone can improve plant shape, but cannot induce flowering on older branches or significantly increase the number of flowers.

[0052] Comparative Example 3 (flowering-inducing treatment was applied, but dwarfing and sprout-inducing treatment were not performed first). Three-year-old Camellia chrysantha tissue culture seedlings (the same age as those at the start of the periodic flowering induction treatment in Example 1) were selected. These plants were not artificially topped or treated with chlormequat chloride after transplanting and were allowed to grow naturally, resulting in a prominent and relatively tall main stem (approximately 1.2 meters). In February, the same periodic flowering induction treatment as in Example 1 was applied. Results showed that the plants were tall with few branches concentrated at the top. Although the flowering induction treatment resulted in an average of 58.2 flowers per plant that year, an improvement over Comparative Example 1, the proportion of flowers on older branches was extremely low (<5%), and the flowers were scattered, resulting in poor ornamental value. Most flower buds remained concentrated on the new shoots at the top of the plant. This demonstrates that plants that have not undergone dwarfing and sprouting to form a robust branching structure are unlikely to effectively respond to flowering signals and produce flowers on older branches.

[0053] Comparative Example 4 (without using flowering-promoting agents) Camellia chrysantha tissue culture seedlings of the same age as those in Example 1 (dwarfing and sprouting promotion stage) were selected, and the initial dwarfing and sprouting promotion was the same as in Example 1. When the plants reached 3 years of age, the treatment was initiated in February. The foliar spray of "Flower Bud + Micronutrient Fertilizer" was replaced with an equal amount of water, while the root irrigation solution remained unchanged (i.e., only root-based flowering-promoting nutrition was provided). The results showed that the average number of flowers was 41.6 per plant, with approximately 8.7% of the flowers on older branches. The effect was significantly lower than in Example 1 (approximately 70 to 80 flowers per plant, with about 30% of the flowers on older branches). This demonstrates that relying solely on root-based nutrition is insufficient to fully stimulate flower bud differentiation, especially on older branches. It must be combined with foliar spraying of specific regulators to achieve the best flowering-promoting effect through root-leaf synergy.

[0054] Comparative Example 5 (dwarfing with paclobutrazol) Camellia chrysantha tissue culture seedlings of the same age as those in the dwarfing and sprouting promotion stage of Example 1 were selected. In the early dwarfing and sprouting promotion treatment, the spraying of 100-200 mg / L chlormequat chloride was replaced with spraying of 100 mg / L paclobutrazol (PP333), and all other steps were the same as in Example 1. Observations were conducted when the plants grew to 3 years old. The results showed that the dwarfing effect of the plants was obvious, but some leaves showed wrinkling and deformity, reducing the ornamental value. The average number of flowers per plant in the first year was 49.7, which, although it had a certain effect on promoting flowering, the proportion of flowers on old branches was only 12.5%, significantly lower than in Example 1 (about 30%). It was also observed that the growth of some new branches was excessively inhibited. This proves that although paclobutrazol has a strong dwarfing effect, its residues and side effects interfere with the normal differentiation of subsequent flower buds, especially its ability to induce flower buds on old branches is not as good as the chlormequat chloride scheme used in this invention.

[0055] Example 2 This invention relates to a dwarfing and sprouting-promoting treatment stage in a method for promoting flowering of Camellia chrysantha.

[0056] 1. Detailed Explanation of Dwarfing and Sprouting Promotion Treatments This method is applicable to the plant shape control stage after the tissue culture seedlings of Camellia chrysantha have been transplanted and have achieved stable growth (usually 1 to 6 months after transplanting, when the seedlings are about 40 to 50 cm tall).

[0057] (1) Timing of treatment: It should be carried out in February to March in spring or September to October in autumn, when the plants are growing actively. Taking spring treatment as an example, it should be carried out when the terminal buds of the plant after transplanting begin to sprout and new shoots are about to emerge.

[0058] (2) Manual topping: Select a healthy Camellia chrysantha plant with a clear and upright main trunk. Using sharp pruning shears, make a horizontal cut on the main trunk of the plant, 30 cm away from the surface of the planting substrate (pot surface or ground level), to remove the apical growing point. The cut should be smooth and without tearing. A tree wound sealant can be applied to prevent fungal infection.

[0059] (3) Chemical regulation treatment: Weigh commercially available chlormequat chloride (CCC) technical grade, dilute with water to prepare a chlormequat chloride solution with a concentration of 150 mg / L (preferably within the range of 100 to 200 mg / L). To ensure stable effects, 0.1% of an organosilicon adjuvant (such as Tween-80) can be added. Within one week after topping, on a sunny day with no wind or light breeze, use a sprayer to evenly spray the prepared chlormequat chloride solution onto the leaves (both sides) and stems of the plant, especially the area of ​​newly formed lateral buds below the top cut, until the leaf surface is evenly moistened but without dripping. Note that this protocol explicitly prohibits the use of paclobutrazol (PP333) for this treatment.

[0060] (4) Post-treatment management: After treatment, strengthen water and fertilizer management to promote the germination of lateral buds. A balanced water-soluble fertilizer (N:P:K=20:20:20) can be applied once. About 2 to 4 weeks later, the dormant buds below the main stem cut and in the upper part of the plant will begin to germinate in large numbers, forming new lateral branches (secondary branches).

[0061] To verify that the parameters selected in this invention are optimal, the following experiment was designed: 1. Optimization Experiment of Topping Height. 120 1.5-year-old Camellia chrysantha tissue culture seedlings with uniform growth (average seedling height 45cm) were selected. They were randomly divided into 4 groups of 30 seedlings each. Different topping heights were applied: Group C1 (topping height 20cm), Group C2 (topping height 30cm), Group C3 (topping height 40cm), and Group CK (no topping, serving as a blank control). All treatment groups were sprayed with a 150 mg / L chlormequat chloride solution once one week after topping. Routine water and fertilizer management was maintained. Three months after treatment, plant height was measured, the total number of branches per plant (lateral branches longer than 5cm) was counted, ground diameter was measured, average internode length was calculated, and plant compactness and the uniformity of lateral branch distribution were observed.

[0062] Table 3. Optimal Experimental Results of Cut-off Height Note: The diameter increase is the increase after 3 months of treatment. Different letters after the data in the same column indicate that the difference is significant at the P<0.05 level according to Duncan's new multiple range test.

[0063] The results showed that a top pruning height of 30cm (C2) had the most significant effect on promoting branching while inhibiting excessive plant height growth, resulting in a plant shape that best met the requirements for potted plant ornamental purposes: short, sturdy, full, and with distinct layers. A top pruning that was too low (20cm) resulted in a shorter plant but fewer branches and an uneven plant shape; a top pruning that was too high (40cm) reduced the effect of height control and branching promotion.

[0064] 2. Optimization Experiment of Chlormequat Chloride (CCC) Concentration. 150 1.5-year-old Camellia chrysantha tissue culture seedlings with uniform growth were selected and topped at 30cm from the main stem. They were randomly divided into 5 groups of 30 seedlings each. Different concentrations of CCC solution were sprayed: D1 (50 mg / L), D2 (100 mg / L), D3 (150 mg / L), D4 (200 mg / L), and D5 (0 mg / L, water control). Observations were recorded. Two months after treatment, the number of new lateral branches, average length of lateral branches, leaf color, and the presence of phytotoxicity (such as leaf wrinkling and deformity) were investigated. The results are shown in the table below: Table 4. Optimal experimental results for chlormequat chloride (CCC) concentration. Note: Different letters after the data in the same column indicate significant differences at the P<0.05 level according to Duncan's new multiple range test.

[0065] The results showed that a concentration of 150 mg / L chlormequat chloride (D3) achieved the best balance in promoting the number of lateral branches and controlling excessive lateral branch growth, without causing phytotoxicity and resulting in highly ornamental leaves. Concentrations that were too low (50 mg / L) were insufficiently effective; while concentrations that were too high (200 mg / L) resulted in stronger dwarfing, they may have led to excessive growth inhibition.

[0066] The following comparative experiments were also set up. Comparative Example 6 (artificial topping only, without the use of chlormequat chloride) Manual topping was performed only at 30cm of the main stem, followed by spraying with an equal amount of water, without applying any growth regulators. Other management practices were the same as in Example 2. Results showed that after topping, only 1-2 buds below the cut sprouted into strong branches, indicating a replacement topping phenomenon, and failing to effectively promote the growth of multiple, evenly distributed lateral branches. The final number of branches (average 9.8 per plant) was significantly lower than in Example 2, and the plant shape was not full enough. Subsequent flowering potential was limited.

[0067] Comparative Example 7 (using only chlormequat chloride, without artificial topping) No artificial topping was performed; only a 150 mg / L chlormequat chloride solution was sprayed. Other management practices were the same as in Example 2. Results showed that chlormequat chloride inhibited apical growth and shortened internodes, but apical dominance was not completely eliminated, resulting in a limited number of lateral branches (average 11.2 per plant) and uneven sprouting. The plants were dwarfed but had a shoot-like shape, lacking openness and fullness, and the number of branches was significantly lower than in Example 2 (14.5 per plant), demonstrating that the optimal dwarfing and sprouting effect can only be achieved through the synergistic effect of artificial topping and chlormequat chloride.

[0068] Example 3 The present invention provides a method for promoting flowering on old branches of Camellia chrysantha. Based on the method for promoting flowering described in Example 1, this embodiment addresses the core problem of difficulty in flowering on old branches (two years or older) of Camellia chrysantha by introducing pretreatment technology. By strengthening nutrient supply, the dormancy state of dormant buds on old branches is broken, significantly improving their response efficiency to subsequent conventional flowering treatments, thereby greatly increasing the flowering rate of old branches and the total number of flowers per plant.

[0069] This embodiment uses 3-year-old potted Camellia chrysantha plants cultivated in Example 1 that have undergone dwarfing and sprouting promotion and have a compact plant shape as material. The following steps are implemented approximately 3 weeks before the periodic flowering promotion treatment described in step (2) of Example 1 (starting on February 15th): 1. Weigh 12.5 mg of salicylic acid (SA) and 0.75 mg of methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Dissolve them in a small amount of anhydrous ethanol, then dilute to 1 L of deionized water. Stir well to prepare a mixed solution of SA 12.5 mg / L and MeJA 0.75 mg / L. On a sunny, windless morning with a temperature of 15-20℃, use a sprayer to spray the entire plant (including both sides of the leaves and stems) with a single, even mist until the leaves are completely wet but no more liquid drips.

[0070] 2. For each target branch, select 1-2 mature leaves that are closest to the branch on the same main branch, with thick, dark green leaves and vigorous photosynthetic function, as source leaves. Using a microsyringe, draw 15 μL of a 1% carmine aqueous solution and slowly inject it into the base of the petiole of the selected source leaf (avoiding the midrib). After injection, mark the predetermined incision site on the target branch. Observe for 48 hours after injection. If red pigment appears at the marked site on the target branch, the vascular channel between the source leaf and the target branch is considered effective, and proceed to the next step. If no pigment appears, select a new source leaf.

[0071] 3. Using a girdling tool with a depth limit of 1.2 mm, make a ring-shaped incision about 1 mm wide 2 cm above a selected plump bud on the target old branch where the channel has been verified to be effective. The depth should be just enough to cut through the phloem, exposing the green cambium without damaging the white xylem. Immediately use a fine brush to evenly apply the bud-promoting gel (prepared by diluting 6-BA 80 mg / L with brown algae extract stock solution 10 times) to the girdled wound and the bud area within 2 cm below it, forming a translucent film.

[0072] 4. On the 3rd and 7th day after girdling and application, use a small handheld sprayer to spray the underside of the validated source leaves individually. The spray solution is a mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (5 g / L) and urea (1 g / L), spraying until the underside of the leaves is moist.

[0073] 5. After completing all the above steps, after an interval of 6 days, starting on February 15th, follow the periodic flower-promoting treatment plan described in Example 1 (foliar spraying of Flower Hope + micro-fertilizer, and simultaneous root irrigation with specific nutrient solution, for 3 consecutive months) for subsequent management.

[0074] To verify the effectiveness of this embodiment, the following comparative experiments were conducted: Group 1 (Example 3): All steps 1 to 5 above were performed completely. Group 2: Comparative Example 8: Step 1 was omitted, and the entire plant was sprayed with SA / MeJA; the remaining steps were the same as in Example 3. Group 3: Comparative Example 9: Steps 2 and 4 were omitted, and only girdling and application were performed followed by conventional flower induction. The source leaves were selected based on experience.

[0075] Fifteen 3-year-old plants of uniform growth were selected for each treatment group. Two similar old branches from each plant were chosen as target branches for the above treatment. The following indicators were statistically analyzed: Total number of flowers in the current year: The total number of flowers per plant was counted during the peak flowering period. Number and proportion of flowers on old branches: The number of open flowers on the target old branches was counted, and their proportion of the total number of flowers per plant was calculated. Shoot growth inhibition rate: The average length of the current year's spring shoots was measured 30 days after the treatment started, and the inhibition rate was calculated by comparing it with the control group (untreated plants). Target bud activation rate: Before the start of the conventional flower-inducing treatment (around February 10), the proportion of swelling or sprouting of treated buds on the target old branches was observed. The results are as follows: Table 5 Comparison of the effects of Example 3 and the comparative example Note: Different letters after the data in the same column indicate significant differences at the P<0.05 level according to Duncan's new multiple range test.

[0076] Example 3 showed a significantly higher total number of flowers per plant than all comparative examples (P<0.05), demonstrating a significant improvement effect. Most importantly, the proportion of flowers on older branches reached 31.2%, achieving the fundamental goal of inducing flowering on older branches. Comparative example 8 omitted the whole-plant SA / MeJA spraying, thus having no inhibitory effect on young shoots (young shoot growth inhibition rate was 0), but its total number of flowers and the proportion of flowers on older branches were significantly lower than in Example 3. This indicates that although the SA / MeJA signal has a slight inhibitory effect on young shoots, it is precisely this moderate stress signal stimulation that effectively activated the flowering potential of older branches. Comparative example 9 omitted the channel verification in step 2 and the source leaf nutrient enhancement in step 4, only performing girdling and application followed by conventional flower induction. The results showed that due to the lack of directional nutrient supply from the source leaves, older branches received insufficient nutrients, limiting their flowering effect and resulting in a significantly lower proportion of flowers on older branches (12.4%).

[0077] Therefore, Example 3 effectively solves the problem of deep dormancy and weak nutrient competition in old branches. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can significantly promote flower bud differentiation and flowering in old branches of Camellia chrysantha without severely inhibiting overall growth, thus enhancing the overall ornamental value and flowering potential of potted Camellia chrysantha.

[0078] Example 4 Unlike Example 3, this example addresses the risk of shoot inhibition that may result from spraying the whole plant with SA / MeJA, as well as the problem of uncontrollable volatile signals in the field. It adopts a two-stage targeted delivery scheme of wound sealing slow release + physical controlled release volatilization above, to achieve targeted, timed, and quantitative activation of dormant buds on old branches, while protecting other parts of the plant from interference to the greatest extent.

[0079] This embodiment uses the same 3-year-old potted Camellia chrysantha plants as in Example 3, and the treatment start time is the same (around January 25th). Before the routine flowering-promoting treatment in Example 1, the following steps were performed: (1) Carrier preparation and wound treatment. Commercially available water-soluble plant bandages were cut into strips 10 mm wide and 15 cm long. These strips were then completely immersed in a mixed solution of SA 12.5 mg / L and MeJA 0.75 mg / L for 8 minutes to ensure full saturation. After immersion, the strips were removed and allowed to drain until no continuous droplets fell. Following the steps in Example 3, a circumferential incision was made 2 cm above the target bud point of the verified vascular channel using a 1.2 mm depth girdling tool, and the same bud-promoting gel (6-BA 80 mg / L + brown algae extract) was immediately applied. The medicated bandage was then tightly wrapped in a spiral around the gel-coated circumferential incision area, with two layers to ensure complete coverage. Subsequently, commercially available biodegradable paper-based plant adhesive tape was used to reinforce the outer layer of the bandage, forming a well-sealed primary release layer.

[0080] (2) Installation and maintenance of the sustained-release device. Take a 0.5 mL transparent microcentrifuge tube and use a heated fine needle to vertically pierce the center of its cap to form a circular micropore with a diameter of about 0.5 mm. Inject 0.4 mL of the above SA / MeJA mixed solution into the tube and add a small piece (about 3 mm) 3 Use cellulose sponge to stabilize the liquid level. Tighten the cap and use waterproof electrical tape to horizontally fix the centrifuge tube to the shaded side of the same target old branch, 9 cm above the girdling wound. When fixing, ensure that the micropore on the cap is aligned and about 2-3 mm away from the branch epidermis. On the 3rd and 7th day after the device is installed, use a microsyringe (with a fine needle) to add 0.15 mL of SA / MeJA mixed solution into the centrifuge tube through the micropore in the cap to maintain the liquid level below the micropore.

[0081] (3) Subsequent treatment. In this embodiment, the whole-plant spraying of SA / MeJA and the source leaf nutrient enhancement steps of Example 3 are not performed. Vascular channel verification (pigment injection) is the same as in Example 3. After the installation and initial replenishment of the above-mentioned device are completed, after an interval of 6 days, on February 15, conventional flower-promoting treatment is carried out in full accordance with the scheme of Example 1.

[0082] To verify the effectiveness of this embodiment, the following comparative experiment was conducted: Group 1 (Example 4): Completely implement all the steps described in Example 4.

[0083] Group 2 (Example 3): The whole-plant spraying + source leaf enhancement scheme of Example 3 was implemented as a control.

[0084] Group 3 (Comparative Example 10 - No Bandage Sealing and Sustained-Release Layer): The medicated bandage wrapping and sealing of step (1) were missing. After the gel was applied to the circumcision site, a small piece of cotton soaked in the medicated solution was simply attached to the wound with ordinary tape.

[0085] Group 4 (Comparative Example 11 - without centrifuge tubes): The entire step (2) was missing, i.e., centrifuge tubes were not installed. Instead, a piece of non-woven fabric soaked with an equal amount (0.4 mL) of SA / MeJA solution was simply tied above the wound in the same position.

[0086] Group 5 (Comparative Example 12 - No Mixed Solution Supplement): Steps (1) and (2) were performed, but the mixed solution supplementation in step (2) was missing.

[0087] Each treatment group used 15 plants, with 2 target old branches treated per plant. In addition to measuring total flower count, the percentage of flowers on old branches, the inhibition rate of new shoots, and the bud activation rate, the following observation indicators were added: recording the solution depletion time in the centrifuge tube and the micropore blockage rate; checking for scorching or deformity of the young leaves around and above the girdling wound; and measuring the difference in endogenous abscisic acid (ABA, a dormancy-related hormone) content between the treated buds on the target old branch and the buds on other untreated old branches of the same plant. The results are as follows: Table 6 Comparison of the effects of Example 4 and the comparative example Note: Different letters after the data in the same column indicate significant differences at the P<0.05 level according to Duncan's new multiple range test. The incidence of phytotoxicity refers to the proportion of branches with visible burns or deformities. ABA reduction refers to the percentage decrease after treatment compared to before treatment.

[0088] Example 4 achieved the highest values ​​in both total flower quantity and the proportion of flowers on old branches, with no significant difference from Example 3. However, the key improvement was its extremely low growth inhibition rate of young shoots (2.1%), significantly better than Example 3 (8.5%), achieving efficient flower promotion and low growth inhibition. Comparative Example 10 lacked sealing with binding tape and only used cotton for simple covering, resulting in easy loss of the drug solution and uneven local concentration. This caused 15.3% of the branches to suffer from localized burns or leaf deformities, and the proportion of flowers on old branches and the bud activation rate decreased significantly, proving that the combination of drug-soaked bandages and sealed wrapping is crucial for achieving high, long-lasting, and safe local concentrations at the wound site. Comparative Example 11 used an open-evapor non-woven fabric sheet, and its proportion of flowers on old branches and the decrease in ABA at buds were significantly lower than in Example 4, proving that the controllable and slow drug solution flow provided by the micropores of the centrifuge tube effectively guided the physiological transformation of buds (significantly reducing ABA). Comparative Example 12 (without supplementation) was still better than Comparative Example 11. Its old branch flower content (28.4%) and bud activation rate (80.2%) were slightly lower than those of Example 4 (33.5% and 88.9%). In addition, some centrifuge tubes dried up before day 10, indicating that dynamic supplementation can significantly prolong the effective signal period (from about 10 days to more than 15 days) and ensure the stability of the treatment effect.

[0089] Example 4 effectively solves the side effects of traditional whole-plant spraying methods and the bottleneck of uncontrollable volatile signals in the field. By maximally concentrating the flowering induction signal and directing it to the target old branches, it achieves flowering-promoting effects on old branches that are close to or even better than those in Example 3, while minimizing interference with the overall growth of the plant.

[0090] Example 5 Based on Example 1, this embodiment addresses the nutrient competition between vigorous spring shoot growth and flower bud differentiation on old branches during the flowering treatment period (February to May). It introduces a nutrient growth regulation and directional nutrient transport scheme to further improve the stability of the flowering effect and the flowering rate on old branches.

[0091] Three-year-old Camellia chrysantha tissue culture seedlings, identical to those in Example 1 and having undergone dwarfing and sprouting-promoting treatment, were selected as experimental materials. The average plant height was 52.3 ± 4.1 cm, and the ground diameter was 8.5 ± 1.2 mm. They had formed robust main stems and 3 to 5 secondary branches, with branch lengths ranging from 15 to 25 cm. All tested plants were planted in the autumn of the previous year and entered their spring growing season after winter dormancy. The experiment was conducted at a planting base in Nanning, Guangxi, from February to August of the same year.

[0092] The tested plants were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 30 plants in each group. There were no significant differences among the groups in terms of plant height, diameter at ground level, and number of branches (P>0.05). Control group: Flower-inducing treatment was performed according to the scheme of Example 1 only, without adding the coordination and management steps of this example.

[0093] Treatment group T1 (shoot control only): Based on Example 1, add step S1 to control the growth of spring shoots.

[0094] Treatment group T2 (enhancing only): Based on Example 1, add step S2 old branch targeted enhancement treatment.

[0095] Treatment group T3 (living roots only): Based on Example 1, step S3 root activation and protection treatment is added.

[0096] Processing group T4 (the present invention): Based on embodiment 1, it adds complete management of steps S1, S2, and S3.

[0097] All groups underwent basic flowering-promoting treatment according to the method described in Example 1: the treatment started on February 15th of the same year, with foliar spraying using a mixture of 600x dilution of Huapan fertilizer and 900x dilution of Ecovacs micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, applied every 7 days until May 15th. Root irrigation fertilization was performed on the 15th of each month using a flowering-promoting nutrient solution (5g / L potassium humate + 5g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 15mL / L amino acid water-soluble fertilizer + 0.5g / L sodium nitrophenolate). Supplemental nutrient solution was applied on the 1st of each month using a supplemental nutrient solution (5g / L potassium humate + 5g / L ascorbic acid + 15mL / L amino acid water-soluble fertilizer + 0.5g / L sodium nitrophenolate + 15mL / L compound fertilizer + 25g / L well-rotted chicken manure leachate).

[0098] S1, Spring Shoot Growth Control Treatment (implemented in T1 and T4 groups) According to phenological observations in Nanning, the spring shoots of Camellia chrysantha begin to sprout from late February to early March. The specific procedures are as follows: First shoot control: On February 28th, when the new spring shoots generally reach 3-5cm in length, use a backpack electric sprayer to spray the terminal growing points of the new vegetative branches with a 200mg / L solution of Prohexadione-calcium (10% wettable powder, commercially available). Focus on wetting the top 3-5 young leaves and the growing point, ensuring the leaves are moist but not dripping. The amount sprayed per plant is approximately 10-15mL. Spraying should be done on a sunny, windless morning between 9:00 and 11:00, with no rainfall within 4 hours after spraying. Second shoot control: On March 15th (16 days after the first shoot control), a second shoot control treatment is applied to the newly sprouting spring shoots (including new shoots sprouting from lateral buds after the first shoot control and some terminal shoots that were not completely suppressed). Reduce the concentration of calcium cyclamate to 120 mg / L and apply it via spot spraying, targeting only the terminal buds of new shoots to avoid spraying the entire plant. The amount sprayed per plant is approximately 5 to 8 mL. For both shoot control treatments, the calcium cyclamate solution is prepared as follows: Weigh the appropriate amount of calcium cyclamate wettable powder, first mix it with a small amount of warm water to form a paste, then add water to dilute to the required concentration, stir well, and use immediately. Prepare and use immediately, within 4 hours.

[0099] S2, Targeted Enhancement Treatment of Old Branches (implemented in T2 and T4 groups) Each time you apply the foliar spray for promoting flowering (every 7 to 10 days, for a total of about 10 to 12 times), add alkyl polyglycoside (APG, 50% active ingredient content, commercially available agricultural synergist) as a synergist to the prepared flower-promoting solution (600x dilution of Huapan + 900x dilution of Ecovacs micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer). The addition volume ratio is 0.03% (i.e., 0.3 mL of APG stock solution per 1 L of the solution). Stir thoroughly before foliar spraying.

[0100] During spraying, operators should focus on spraying the lower and middle parts of the plant, as well as the main stem and older branches. Maintain a distance of 20-30 cm between the spray gun and the branches, spraying until the bark of older branches is evenly moistened but without dripping. For older branches with rough bark or longitudinal cracks, the number of sprays can be increased to ensure adequate coverage.

[0101] S3, Root activation and protection treatment (implemented in groups T3 and T4) When applying fertilizer to promote flowering by drenching the roots on the 15th of each month, add compound microbial inoculant every two months. Specifically, add compound microbial inoculant to the drenching solution on February 15, April 15, and June 15; do not add inoculant to the drenching solution on March 15 and May 15, and apply only according to the formula in Example 1.

[0102] Preparation and application method of compound microbial inoculant: The inoculant consists of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus mucilaginosus in a 1:1 ratio, with a total effective viable count ≥ 2 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g refers to commercially available agricultural microbial inoculants. After preparing the flower-promoting root irrigation nutrient solution in Example 1, add the compound microbial inoculant to the nutrient solution at a concentration of 0.8 g / L and stir well. Note that water sources containing chlorine disinfectants should be avoided during stirring to prevent affecting the activity of the inoculant. Apply approximately 0.8 to 1.0 L of the nutrient solution containing the inoculant to each plant, ensuring the soil around the roots is thoroughly saturated without causing runoff. If the soil surface is slightly dry after irrigation, lightly loosen the soil to improve aeration, but avoid deep tilling that could damage the roots.

[0103] Effect verification Data was collected during the peak flowering period from October to December of the same year. The main observation indicators included: Total number of flowers per plant: The total number of open flowers per plant (based on fully expanded petals). Number and percentage of flowers on old branches: The number of open flowers on lignified branches (main stem and first-level branches) older than two years and the percentage of these flowers on the total number of flowers per plant. Spring shoot elongation rate: The number of spring shoots longer than 15cm and with low lignification (green branches, not yet brown) on each plant and the percentage of these spring shoots. Flower bud abortion rate: 30 flower buds were randomly selected from each plant (if less than 30, all were counted), marked, and observed until flowering. The number of flower buds that yellowed, fell off, or stopped developing was counted, and the abortion rate was calculated. Flower diameter: 10 fully open flowers were randomly selected from each plant (half old branches and half new branches), and the maximum diameter of the flowers was measured using calipers, and the average value was taken. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. One-way ANOVA and Duncan's new multiple range method were used for multiple comparisons (P<0.05).

[0104] Table 7. Effects of different treatments on the amount of Camellia chrysantha flowers. Note: Different letters after the data in the same column indicate significant differences at the P<0.05 level according to Duncan's new multiple range test.

[0105] As can be seen, the total number of flowers per plant in group T4 (91.2 flowers) was significantly higher than that in the control group and other single-treatment groups (P<0.05), increasing by 23.6% compared to the control group. The number of flowers on old branches (31.5 flowers) and the proportion (34.5%) both reached the highest values, increasing by 73.1% and 39.7% respectively compared to the control group. More importantly, the flower bud abortion rate in group T4 (7.2%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (15.6%) and the single-treatment groups (P<0.05), indicating that the complete solution of this invention effectively solves the problem of flower bud abortion caused by nutrient competition after flower bud differentiation.

[0106] Table 8 Effects of different treatments on spring shoot growth As can be seen, the T1 and T4 groups underwent shoot control treatment, resulting in a significant reduction in the average length of spring shoots to approximately 9 cm, about 37% shorter than the control group (14.5 cm). The rate of excessive spring shoot growth decreased from 32.5% in the control group to 8.6% to 9.8%, and the internode length was also significantly shortened. Notably, although the length of spring shoots was effectively controlled, the number of leaves on spring shoots in the T4 group actually increased (6.5 leaves / shoot), indicating that the shoot control treatment did not inhibit leaf differentiation, but rather reduced the excessive consumption of nutrients by vegetative growth while maintaining photosynthetic area by inhibiting internode elongation.

[0107] Table 9 Effects of different treatments on flower quality The flower diameter of group T4 (8.3 cm) was significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.05). This result indicates that by coordinating the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and directing more nutrients to the development of floral organs, not only is the number of flowers increased, but the quality of the flowers is also improved, thus enhancing their ornamental value.

[0108] Example 6: Low-temperature protection during flowering-promoting treatment of Camellia chrysantha In Nanning, Guangxi, and other areas with similar climates, the critical period for flower-inducing treatment of Camellia chrysantha is from February to March each year. This period coincides with early spring, characterized by significant temperature fluctuations and frequent cold snaps, with daily minimum temperatures potentially dropping below 10°C. As a tropical-subtropical plant, Camellia chrysantha is sensitive to low temperatures. Temperatures below 10°C reduce leaf photosynthetic efficiency, affecting the absorption and conversion of flower-inducing agents; causing chilling injury symptoms (wilt, curling, water-soaked appearance) in tender shoots and young leaves; directly damaging differentiated flower buds, leading to flower bud abortion or flower malformation; and weakening the plant's overall resistance, thus affecting the effectiveness of subsequent flower-inducing treatments.

[0109] This embodiment provides a method for protecting Camellia chrysantha plants from low-temperature damage during early spring flowering induction treatment. It is applicable to areas with large early spring temperature fluctuations, such as southern regions, and can be implemented simultaneously with the periodic flowering induction treatment described in Embodiment 1. Specifically, it includes: During the flowering-promoting treatment period from February to March each year, when the forecast indicates that the minimum ambient temperature will drop below 10℃ within the next 48 hours, the low-temperature protection plan is activated. Twelve hours before the arrival of the low temperature (usually between 9:00 AM and 11:00 AM), the plants are foliar-sprayed with an antifreeze nutrient solution. The antifreeze nutrient solution is prepared as follows: Take 2g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 5mL of 0.01% brassinolide aqueous solution (equivalent to 0.05mg / L of active ingredient), add them to 1L of water, and stir until dissolved. When spraying, use a handheld sprayer to evenly spray the solution onto both sides of the leaves and stems, ensuring the leaves are moist but not dripping. In this antifreeze nutrient solution, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can increase cell sap concentration and lower the freezing point, while brassinolide can enhance plant stress resistance and induce the expression of cold-resistant genes; the synergistic effect of both enhances the plant's low-temperature tolerance. Within 2 hours of spraying the antifreeze nutrient solution (ensuring absorption), cover the entire plant with a white non-woven fabric with 70% light transmittance. When covering, place the fabric directly over the plant and secure it around the edges with stones or clods of soil to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. During the covering period, note the following: If the temperature rises above 12℃ and remains stable after covering, remove the covering promptly to avoid affecting photosynthesis; if the low temperature persists, maintain the covering, but briefly uncover it for 1-2 hours every 2-3 days on a sunny midday to prevent excessive humidity from causing disease. When the weather forecast predicts a stable temperature rise above 12℃ (usually ≥12℃ for 3 consecutive days), remove the covering on a sunny morning. Take care to avoid damaging newly sprouted shoots and flower buds when removing the covering.

[0110] The low-temperature protection measures in this embodiment do not affect the original frequency of foliar spraying and root irrigation fertilization. If the low temperature period coincides with the day of spraying the flower-promoting agent, the antifreeze nutrient solution spraying and covering protection will be completed first, and the normal flower-promoting agent spraying will be resumed after the temperature rises. If the delay exceeds 3 days, the foliar spraying will be postponed according to the original plan.

[0111] To verify the effectiveness of the low-temperature protection measures in this embodiment, a simulated low-temperature stress experiment was conducted in an artificial climate chamber. 120 potted Camellia chrysantha seedlings of the same age (3 years) and growth pattern as in Example 1 were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups of 30 plants each: CK group (blank control group): No low-temperature protection treatment was given, and the flower-inducing treatment was carried out normally.

[0112] Group D1 (antifreeze spraying only): Before low temperature stress, only antifreeze nutrient solution (0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.05% brassinolide) was sprayed, without non-woven fabric covering.

[0113] Group D2 (covered only): Before low temperature stress, the plants were covered with non-woven fabric with a light transmittance of 70% and no antifreeze nutrient solution was sprayed.

[0114] Group D3 (Complete Protection Group of the Invention): According to the method of this embodiment, antifreeze nutrient solution is sprayed 12 hours before low temperature stress, and covered with non-woven fabric within 2 hours after spraying.

[0115] Referring to the typical meteorological conditions in early spring in Nanning, Guangxi, the simulated low-temperature program was set as follows: All test plants were moved into an artificial climate chamber and acclimatized for 3 days under normal conditions (daytime temperature 18℃ / nighttime temperature 12℃, light intensity 20000Lx, photoperiod 12h / 12h). On the 4th day, low-temperature stress treatment was initiated: the daytime temperature was set to 8℃ / nighttime temperature, and the treatment lasted for 6 consecutive days (simulating a late spring frost). During this period, the light intensity was reduced to 10000Lx (simulating light during cloudy and rainy weather), and the relative humidity was controlled at 75%-85%. On the 7th day, the plants were restored to normal conditions (daytime temperature 18℃ / nighttime temperature 12℃, light intensity 20000Lx), and the plants were cultured for another 15 days before the indicators were measured.

[0116] Each treatment group completed the appropriate protective measures (spraying antifreeze, covering, or both) 12 hours before the onset of low-temperature stress. During the stress period, the coverings for groups D2 and D3 remained in place and were removed after the stress period ended.

[0117] The following core indicators will be tested: (1) Cold damage incidence: On the third day after the end of the low temperature stress, the incidence of cold damage for each plant was counted. Symptoms of cold damage include: wilting of young shoots, curling or water-soaked leaf edges, yellowing of new leaves, and blackening of the growing point. Plants exhibiting any one of these symptoms were counted as cold-damaged plants. Cold damage incidence = (number of cold-damaged plants / total number of plants) × 100%.

[0118] (2) Flower bud frost damage rate: Ten differentiated flower buds were randomly selected from each plant (if there were fewer than ten, all were counted), and the flower buds were cut along their longitudinal axis with a scalpel to observe the color of the flower primordia. The flower primordia inside normal flower buds were light green or light yellow, while the flower primordia of frozen flower buds were water-soaked, browned, or dried out. Flower bud frost damage rate = (number of frozen flower buds / total number of marked flower buds) × 100%.

[0119] (3) Relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value): Seven days after the end of low temperature stress, three mature leaves from the middle part of each plant were selected, and the relative chlorophyll content was measured using a portable chlorophyll meter. Three points were measured on each leaf and the average value was taken. The SPAD value is positively correlated with the chlorophyll content and can quickly and non-destructively reflect the degree to which the photosynthetic pigments of the leaves are affected by low temperature.

[0120] (4) Number of flowers after recovery (flowers / plant): After the low temperature stress ended, all plants continued to be treated to promote flowering according to the scheme in Example 1, and the total number of flowers per plant was counted at the peak flowering period. This indicator is the most direct basis for evaluating the impact of low temperature protection measures on the final production effect.

[0121] Table 10 Results of Low Temperature Protection Experiment Note: Different letters after the data in the same column indicate significant differences at the P<0.05 level according to Duncan's new multiple range test.

[0122] As can be seen, after simulating low-temperature stress, the incidence of chilling injury in the CK group reached 43.3%, manifested as symptoms such as wilting of young shoots and curling of leaf edges. The incidence of chilling injury in the D1 and D2 groups decreased to 26.7% and 20.0%, respectively, indicating that single protective measures had some effect but still caused significant chilling injury. The incidence of chilling injury in the D3 group was only 3.3%, significantly better than the other groups (P<0.05), proving that the synergistic protective effect of spraying antifreeze and covering was the best. The frost damage rate of flower buds in the CK group reached 32.5%, with about one-third of the flower buds failing to open normally due to low-temperature damage. The frost damage rates of flower buds in the D1 and D2 groups decreased to 21.3% and 18.5%, respectively, but a relatively high proportion of frost damage still existed. The frost damage rate of flower buds in the D3 group was only 5.2%, significantly lower than the other groups (P<0.05), indicating that complete protective measures could effectively protect flower buds from low-temperature damage, laying the foundation for subsequent flowering. The relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) reflects the photosynthetic capacity of leaves. The CK group had the lowest SPAD value (38.2), indicating that low temperature caused significant damage to the photosynthetic system. The D3 group had the highest SPAD value (46.7), significantly higher than the CK group and the single protection group (P<0.05), indicating that complete protection measures can better maintain leaf photosynthetic function and ensure nutrient accumulation after low temperature. The number of flowers after recovery is the most practically significant indicator. The CK group had only 48.5 flowers / plant after recovery, indicating that low temperature not only directly damaged flower buds but also affected subsequent flower bud differentiation. The D3 group had 72.5 flowers / plant after recovery, an increase of 49.5% compared to the CK group, significantly better than other groups (P<0.05), proving that effective low temperature protection can ensure the full realization of the flower-promoting effect.

[0123] Therefore, the added low-temperature protection measures in this embodiment (foliar spraying of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.05% brassinolide, combined with 70% light transmittance non-woven fabric covering) significantly enhance the cold resistance of Camellia chrysantha plants. Through the determination of four core indicators (incidence of chilling injury, frost damage rate of flower buds, relative chlorophyll content, and number of flowers after recovery), D3 was significantly superior to the blank control group and the single protection group in all indicators. This measure is simple to operate, low in cost, and suitable for Camellia chrysantha planting areas with large temperature fluctuations in early spring.

[0124] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details.

Claims

1. A method for promoting flowering in Camellia chrysantha, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Provide potted Camellia chrysantha plants that have undergone dwarfing and sprouting promotion treatment and have formed a robust main stem and secondary branches; Step 2: From February to March each year, begin periodically treating the plants to promote flowering. This treatment includes: Step 21, Foliar spraying: Spray a flower-promoting solution made of 500 to 800 times diluted Flower Pan solution and 800 to 1000 times diluted micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer solution, once every 7 to 10 days. Step 22, synchronous root irrigation: At the same time as spraying the pesticide solution, perform root irrigation fertilization at least once a month. The root irrigation solution contains: 5 g / L of mineral-derived potassium humate, 5 g / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 to 20 mL / L of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer and 0.5 g / L of sodium nitrophenolate. Step 3: Continue the treatment from Step 2 for at least 3 months to induce and promote the differentiation of dormant or adventitious buds on the main stem and lignified old branches of the plant into flower buds, which will eventually open.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the dwarfing and sprouting promotion treatment includes: manually pruning the top of the plant at a distance of 30cm from the planting surface.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 1, the dwarfing and sprouting promotion treatment also includes: spraying a chlormequat chloride solution with a concentration of 100 to 200 mg / L, and paclobutrazol is not used in the dwarfing and sprouting promotion treatment.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two to three weeks before the start of the periodic flowering induction treatment in step 2, the target old branches are activated, including: a) Prepare a mixed solution containing 10 to 15 mg / L salicylic acid and 0.5 to 1.0 mg / L methyl jasmonate, and spray it on the leaves of the plant. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves but not drip. b) Select 1 to 2 mature and healthy leaves that are most likely to be directly connected to the vascular system of the target old branch and have vigorous function as source leaves; slowly inject 10 to 20 μL of 0.5% to 1.0% aqueous solution of food coloring carmine or amaranth red at the base of the petiole of the source leaf as a visible marker using a microsyringe; if red exudate or appears at the girdled wound or above the bud of the target old branch within 24 to 48 hours after injection, it initially indicates that the channel is effective; c) On the target old branch, about 1 to 3 cm above the selected bud, make a ring-shaped incision with a girdling knife. The width should not exceed 1 mm and the depth should be 1.0 to 1.5 mm, just enough to cut the phloem without damaging the xylem. Apply a mixed gel containing 50 to 100 mg / L of 6-benzylaminopurine and brown algae extract to the incision and the bud area below it with a fine brush to form a uniform thin layer. d) On the 3rd and 7th day after step c) is completed, spray the underside of the source leaves with a sprayer. The spray solution is a mixture of 5 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1 g / L urea. The amount of spray is enough to moisten the underside of the leaves. e) After completing the above steps, wait 5 to 7 days before starting the periodic flowering treatment in step 2.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two to three weeks before the start of the periodic flowering induction treatment in step 2, there is also an activation phase targeting older branches, which includes: A) Take water-soluble plant bandages and cut them into strips 10mm wide and long enough to wrap around the branch once; B) Immerse the water-soluble plant bandage completely in a mixed solution consisting of 10 to 15 mg / L salicylic acid and 0.5 to 1.0 mg / L methyl jasmonate for 5 to 10 minutes until fully absorbed, then remove and drain off excess liquid. C) On the target old branch, about 1 to 3 cm above the selected bud, make a ring-shaped incision with a girdling knife. The incision should be no more than 1 mm wide and 1.0 to 1.5 mm deep, just enough to cut the phloem without damaging the xylem. Tightly spirally wrap the prepared medicated bandage around the incision area, wrapping 2 to 3 layers to ensure complete coverage of the incision and the applied bud-promoting gel. After wrapping, reinforce the outer layer of the bandage with biodegradable plant adhesive tape to form a sealed primary release layer. D) Take a centrifuge tube and puncture the center of its cap with a hot needle to create a microhole with a diameter of about 0.5 mm; inject 0.3 to 0.5 mL of a mixed solution of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate into the centrifuge tube and place a cellulose sponge inside to increase liquid retention; tighten the cap and use waterproof tape to fix the centrifuge tube horizontally on the shaded side of the branch 8 to 10 cm above the cut, so that the microhole faces the branch surface; E) On the 3rd and 7th days after completing step D), use a microsyringe to add 0.1 to 0.2 mL of the mixed solution of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate through the microhole in the centrifuge tube cap to maintain the liquid level in the tube.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plants were planted in the understory environment with a canopy closure of ≤50% and a light intensity of (20.3 to 27.2) × 1000 Lx.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the flower-promoting solution, Flower Bud is diluted 500 to 800 times, and the micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer is diluted 800 to 1000 times. The micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer includes Ecovacs brand micronutrient water-soluble fertilizer.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the periodic flowering-inducing treatment in step 2, the following also includes: S1. During the spring shoot emergence period, when the length of the new vegetative branches reaches 3 to 5 cm, the plant is subjected to the first shoot control treatment. The shoot control treatment is as follows: spray the terminal growing point of the new vegetative branches with a calcium cyclamate solution with a concentration of 150 to 250 mg / L, and spray the amount of solution enough to moisten 3 to 5 young leaves at the top without dripping. 15 to 20 days after the first shoot control treatment, the newly emerging spring shoots are subjected to a second shoot control treatment, and the concentration of calcium cyclamate is reduced to 100 to 150 mg / L, and the tips of the new branches are sprayed. S2. When spraying the flower-promoting agent on the leaves in step 21, add 0.01% to 0.05% of alkyl polysaccharide as an synergist to reduce the surface tension of the agent on the rough bark of old branches, enhance the wetting and penetration ability of the agent, and enable the flower-promoting active ingredients to effectively enter the phloem of old branches and be transported to dormant buds. S3. In the root irrigation fertilization in step 22, at each interval, a compound microbial agent with a concentration of 0.5 to 1.0 g / L is added to the root irrigation solution. The compound microbial agent is composed of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus mucilaginosus in a 1:1 ratio, with a total effective viable count ≥ 2 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the periodic flowering-promoting treatment in step 2, a low-temperature protection step is also included. This step is initiated when the minimum ambient temperature is predicted to be below 10°C within the next 48 hours. Specifically, this includes: spraying the plant leaves with an antifreeze nutrient solution composed of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05% brassinolide 12 hours before the arrival of low temperature, with the amount of spraying being enough to moisten the leaves without dripping; covering the entire plant with a non-woven fabric with a light transmittance of 70% within 2 hours after spraying, and pressing the cover firmly around the edges; and removing the non-woven fabric cover once the temperature has steadily risen above 12°C.

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