Traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight and preparation method thereof
By using a specific ratio of active extracts from traditional Chinese medicine and an optimized preparation process, the problem of asparagus stem blight control has been solved, achieving efficient and environmentally friendly disease control and promoting healthy asparagus growth.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- INST OF PLANT PROTECTION JIANGXI ACAD OF AGRI SCI
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies are insufficient to effectively control asparagus stem blight, and chemical control poses environmental pollution risks, while biological control is unstable and the breeding cycle for disease-resistant varieties is long and costly.
The active extracts of traditional Chinese medicine, including Artemisia annua, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Smilax glabra, are prepared by pulverizing, ultrasonic extraction with ethanol, aerobic fermentation, and spray drying. Vitamin E and β-cyclodextrin are added to improve stability.
It significantly inhibits the growth of pathogens, enhances plant immunity, improves control efficacy, promotes healthy asparagus growth, and provides an environmentally friendly and efficient disease solution.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of crop cultivation technology, and in particular relates to a traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] Asparagus stem blight is a serious disease caused by fungal pathogens such as *Phomopsis asparagi*, severely impacting asparagus yield and quality. Current technologies for controlling asparagus stem blight mainly include agricultural, chemical, and biological control methods. Agricultural control typically employs measures such as crop rotation, removal of diseased plant debris, appropriate planting density, and improved field drainage to reduce the spread and accumulation of pathogens. However, while these methods can reduce the incidence of the disease to some extent, their effectiveness is limited by environmental conditions and planting management levels, making it difficult to completely control the spread of the disease.
[0003] Chemical control is currently the most widely used method, primarily involving the spraying of fungicides (such as carbendazim and mancozeb) to inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens. While chemical control is fast and effective, long-term use can lead to drug resistance in pathogens, reducing its effectiveness. Furthermore, excessive use of chemical agents can negatively impact the environment and human health, causing soil and water pollution, as well as harm to non-target organisms, contradicting the principles of sustainable agriculture. Biological control, as an environmentally friendly alternative, has received increasing attention in recent years. This method utilizes antagonistic microorganisms (such as Trichoderma and Bacillus) or plant extracts to inhibit pathogen growth. Biological control offers advantages such as high safety and low resistance rates, but its effectiveness is significantly influenced by environmental factors, and its mechanism of action is complex, often resulting in unstable efficacy and high costs in practical applications. In addition, breeding disease-resistant varieties is also an important control strategy. Developing disease-resistant asparagus varieties through traditional breeding or molecular breeding techniques can fundamentally reduce the occurrence of diseases. However, the breeding cycle for disease-resistant varieties is long and costly, and the mutation of pathogens may lead to the loss of disease resistance, which limits their widespread application.
[0004] Therefore, how to provide an effective method for controlling asparagus stem blight that can both efficiently control the disease and meet the requirements of environmental protection and sustainable development is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight and its preparation method.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Artemisia annua 20-30 parts, Scutellaria baicalensis 15-20 parts, Smilax glabra 15-25 parts, Sophora flavescens 8-12 parts, Stephania tetrandra 9-17 parts, Perilla frutescens 2-5 parts, Isatis indigotica 10-15 parts, Dryopteris crassirhizoma 8-10 parts, Indigo naturalis 3-5 parts.
[0007] Preferably, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: Artemisia annua 23-28 parts, Scutellaria baicalensis 16-19 parts, Smilax glabra 17-23 parts, Sophora flavescens 9-11 parts, Stephania tetrandra 12-15 parts, Perilla frutescens 3-4 parts, Isatis indigotica 12-14 parts, Dryopteris crassirhizoma 8-9 parts, Indigo naturalis 3-4 parts.
[0008] Preferably, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: Artemisia annua 25 parts, Scutellaria baicalensis 18 parts, Smilax glabra 20 parts, Sophora flavescens 10 parts, Stephania tetrandra 13 parts, Perilla frutescens 3 parts, Isatis indigotica 13 parts, Dryopteris crassirhizoma 8 parts, Indigo naturalis 3 parts.
[0009] Beneficial Effects: The active herbal extract for controlling asparagus stem blight provided by this invention exhibits significant synergistic effects through a specific ratio of Artemisia annua, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Smilax glabra. Specifically, Artemisia annua and Scutellaria baicalensis clear heat and detoxify, while Smilax glabra promotes diuresis and detoxifies, collectively inhibiting the growth of pathogens; Sophora flavescens and Stephania tetrandra enhance antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects; Perilla frutescens and Isatis indigotica strengthen plant immunity; and Dryopteris crassirhizoma and Indigo naturalis further enhance overall control efficacy. The synergistic effects of these ingredients not only effectively control asparagus stem blight but also promote healthy asparagus growth, providing a natural and environmentally friendly disease solution for the asparagus industry.
[0010] A method for preparing an active extract of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight includes the following steps: The raw materials are pulverized and mixed evenly, then an ethanol solution is added. After ultrasonic extraction, the resulting extract is subjected to aerobic fermentation. Finally, the fermentation liquid is concentrated by evaporation and spray-dried to obtain the active extract of the traditional Chinese medicine.
[0011] Preferably, the ethanol solution has a mass concentration of 60% and is added at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:(8-10).
[0012] Preferably, the ultrasonic extraction specifically includes the following steps: After extraction under ultrasonic conditions, the mixture was filtered. Then, ethanol solution was added to the resulting filter residue, and the above extraction process was repeated. After extraction, the filtrates were combined to obtain the extract.
[0013] Preferably, the power of the ultrasound is 200-500W; The extraction temperature is 45-55℃, and the time is 0.5-1.5h.
[0014] Preferably, the aerobic fermentation process is inoculated with Streptococcus lactis.
[0015] Preferably, the aerobic fermentation temperature is 35-40℃ and the time is 45-50h.
[0016] Beneficial effects: In the preparation process of this invention, the active ingredients in the raw materials are fully released by ultrasonic extraction of ethanol, while aerobic fermentation further enhances the biological activity of these ingredients.
[0017] Preferably, the spray drying process further includes the following steps: Vitamin E and β-cyclodextrin are mixed into the concentrated solution obtained after evaporation and concentration.
[0018] Beneficial effects: Vitamin E and β-cyclodextrin effectively encapsulate volatile components (such as perillaldehyde), preventing their loss during spray drying and improving the utilization rate and retention rate of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine extracts. The addition of Vitamin E and β-cyclodextrin not only enhances product stability but also strengthens its adhesion and absorption efficiency on asparagus plants.
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: The active extract of traditional Chinese medicine provided by this invention is used to prevent and treat asparagus stem blight. By carefully selecting a variety of Chinese herbal raw materials and optimizing their proportions, combined with processes such as pulverization, mixing, ultrasonic extraction with ethanol, aerobic fermentation, and spray drying, the active ingredients are effectively extracted. Under optimal conditions, the extraction efficiency is high, the fermentation process is stable, and the addition of vitamin E and β-cyclodextrin enhances the product's stability and application efficacy, providing an efficient and natural solution for the prevention and treatment of asparagus stem blight. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0021] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
[0022] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in the embodiments of this invention were purchased through commercial channels; The lactic acid streptococci were purchased from Shandong Xinxiong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
[0023] Unless otherwise specified, room temperature or normal temperature in the embodiments of the present invention refers to 25±3℃.
[0024] Example 1 A traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Artemisia annua 25 parts, Scutellaria baicalensis 18 parts, Smilax glabra 20 parts, Sophora flavescens 10 parts, Stephania tetrandra 13 parts, Perilla frutescens 3 parts, Isatis indigotica 13 parts, Dryopteris crassirhizoma 8 parts, Indigo naturalis 3 parts.
[0025] A method for preparing an active extract of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight includes the following steps: The above raw materials were pulverized to 100 mesh and mixed evenly. Then, a 60% ethanol solution was added, with a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:9. The mixture was extracted for 1 hour at 300W ultrasonic power and 45-55℃, followed by filtration. Ethanol solution was added to the resulting filter residue again, and the extraction process was repeated. After extraction, the filtrates were combined to obtain the extract. The pH of the extract was adjusted to 7, and then 0.2% of Lactococcus lactis was inoculated into the extract. The mixture was then fermented aerobicly at 40℃ for 50 hours. The fermentation broth was evaporated and concentrated. Then, 0.1% vitamin E and 1% β-cyclodextrin were mixed into the concentrate. Finally, the mixture was spray-dried at an inlet air temperature of 160℃ and an outlet air temperature of 80℃ to obtain the active extract of traditional Chinese medicine.
[0026] Example 2 A traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Artemisia annua 23 parts, Scutellaria baicalensis 16 parts, Smilax glabra 23 parts, Sophora flavescens 11 parts, Stephania tetrandra 15 parts, Perilla frutescens 3 parts, Isatis indigotica 14 parts, Dryopteris crassirhizoma 8 parts, Indigo naturalis 4 parts.
[0027] A method for preparing an active extract of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight includes the following steps: The above raw materials were pulverized to 80-100 mesh and mixed evenly. Then, a 60% ethanol solution was added, with a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:8. The mixture was extracted for 1 hour at 300W ultrasonic power and 45-55℃, followed by filtration. The ethanol solution was added to the resulting filter residue again, and the extraction process was repeated. After extraction, the filtrates were combined to obtain the extract. The pH of the extract was adjusted to 7, and then 0.2% of Lactococcus lactis was inoculated into the extract. The mixture was then fermented aerobicly at 40℃ for 45 hours. The fermentation broth was concentrated by evaporation, and then 0.1% vitamin E and 1% β-cyclodextrin were mixed into the concentrate. Finally, the mixture was spray-dried at an inlet air temperature of 160℃ and an outlet air temperature of 80℃ to obtain the active extract of traditional Chinese medicine.
[0028] Example 3 A traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Artemisia annua 20 parts, Scutellaria baicalensis 20 parts, Smilax glabra 25 parts, Sophora flavescens 8 parts, Stephania tetrandra 17 parts, Perilla frutescens 2 parts, Isatis indigotica 10 parts, Dryopteris crassirhizoma 8 parts, Indigo naturalis 5 parts.
[0029] A method for preparing an active extract of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight includes the following steps: The above raw materials were pulverized to 100 mesh and mixed evenly. Then, a 60% ethanol solution was added, with a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10. The mixture was extracted for 1 hour at 45-55℃ using ultrasonic power of 400W. After filtration, ethanol solution was added to the filter residue again, and the above extraction process was repeated. After extraction, the filtrates were combined to obtain the extract. The pH of the extract was adjusted to 7. Then, 0.2% of lactic acid streptococci were inoculated into the extract and aerobic fermented at 35-40℃ for 45-50 hours. The fermented broth was concentrated by evaporation. Then, 0.1% vitamin E and 1% β-cyclodextrin were mixed into the concentrate. Finally, the extract was spray-dried at an inlet air temperature of 160℃ and an outlet air temperature of 80℃ to obtain the active extract of traditional Chinese medicine.
[0030] Example 4 A traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Artemisia annua 30 parts, Scutellaria baicalensis 15 parts, Smilax glabra 15 parts, Sophora flavescens 12 parts, Stephania tetrandra 9 parts, Perilla frutescens 5 parts, Isatis indigotica 15 parts, Dryopteris crassirhizoma 10 parts, Indigo naturalis 3 parts.
[0031] A method for preparing an active extract of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight includes the following steps: The above raw materials were pulverized to 100 mesh and mixed evenly. Then, a 60% ethanol solution was added, with a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:8. Extraction was carried out at 5500W ultrasonic power and 45-55℃ for 0.5-1.5 hours, followed by filtration. Ethanol solution was added to the obtained filter residue again, and the above extraction process was repeated. After extraction, the filtrates were combined to obtain the extract. The pH of the extract was adjusted to 7, and then 0.2% of lactic acid streptococci were inoculated into the obtained extract. Aerobic fermentation was carried out at 40℃ for 50 hours. The obtained fermentation broth was concentrated by evaporation, and then 0.1% vitamin E and 1% β-cyclodextrin were mixed into the obtained concentrate. Finally, the extract was spray-dried at an inlet air temperature of 160℃ and an outlet air temperature of 80℃ to obtain the active extract of traditional Chinese medicine.
[0032] Example 5 A traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Artemisia annua 28 parts, Scutellaria baicalensis 19 parts, Smilax glabra 17 parts, Sophora flavescens 9 parts, Stephania tetrandra 12 parts, Perilla frutescens 4 parts, Isatis indigotica 12 parts, Dryopteris crassirhizoma 9 parts, Indigo naturalis 3 parts.
[0033] A method for preparing an active extract of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight includes the following steps: The above raw materials were pulverized to 100 mesh and mixed evenly. Then, a 60% ethanol solution was added, with a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10. The mixture was extracted for 1.5 hours at 45-55℃ using ultrasonic power of 400W. After filtration, ethanol solution was added to the filter residue again, and the above extraction process was repeated. After extraction, the filtrates were combined to obtain the extract. The pH of the extract was adjusted to 7, and then 0.2% of Lactococcus lactis was inoculated into the extract. The extract was then fermented aerobicly at 35℃ for 50 hours. The fermentation broth was concentrated by evaporation. Then, 0.1% vitamin E and 1% β-cyclodextrin were mixed into the concentrate. Finally, the extract was spray-dried at an inlet air temperature of 160℃ and an outlet air temperature of 80℃ to obtain the active extract of traditional Chinese medicine.
[0034] Comparative Example 1 An active extract of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight differs from Example 1 only in that it does not include Artemisia annua. All other raw materials and the process parameters and steps of the preparation method are the same as in Example 1.
[0035] Comparative Example 2 A traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight differs from Example 1 only in that it does not include Scutellaria baicalensis. All other raw materials and the process parameters and steps of the preparation method are the same as in Example 1.
[0036] Comparative Example 3 A traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight differs from Example 1 only in that it does not include Artemisia annua and Scutellaria baicalensis. All other raw materials and the process parameters and steps of the preparation method are the same as in Example 1.
[0037] Comparative Example 4 A traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight differs from Example 1 only in that it does not include Stephania tetrandra. All other raw materials and the process parameters and steps of the preparation method are the same as in Example 1.
[0038] Comparative Example 5 An active extract of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight, identical to that in Example 1.
[0039] A method for preparing an active extract of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight, differing from Example 1 only in that water is used as the solvent for extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted ethanol solution extraction is not used. The method specifically includes the following steps: The above raw materials were pulverized to 100 mesh and mixed evenly. Water was then added as the extraction solvent at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:9. The mixture was extracted at 55°C for 1 hour and then filtered. Water was added to the resulting residue again, and the extraction process was repeated. After extraction, the filtrates were combined to obtain the extract. The pH of the extract was adjusted to 7. 0.2% of Lactococcus lactis was then inoculated into the extract, and aerobic fermentation was carried out at 40°C for 50 hours. The fermentation broth was concentrated by evaporation. 0.1% (w / w) of vitamin E and 1% (w / w) of β-cyclodextrin were mixed into the concentrate. Finally, the extract was spray-dried at an inlet air temperature of 160°C and an outlet air temperature of 80°C to obtain the active extract of traditional Chinese medicine.
[0040] Comparative Example 6 An active extract of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight, identical to that in Example 1.
[0041] A method for preparing an active extract of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight differs from Example 1 only in that vitamin E and β-cyclodextrin are not added after evaporation and concentration. All other process parameters and steps are the same as in Example 1.
[0042] Technical effects: In the field, treatment groups (Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-6) and control groups (routine management, without the addition of active extracts of traditional Chinese medicine) were set up, with at least 3 replicate plots in each group, and the area of each plot ≥20m². 2 The treatment groups were randomly assigned to block designs. The treatment group was implemented as follows: the active extracts of the traditional Chinese medicines obtained in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were dissolved in 700 times their weight of water. An electric sprayer with good atomization effect and a nozzle diameter ≤0.3mm was selected to ensure the solution evenly covered the stems and leaves. Spraying was performed every 10 days from the emergence of asparagus shoots until the plants reached maturity. At the early stage of disease (when sporadic diseased plants appeared in the field): spraying was performed every 5 days for 3 consecutive times. All other management methods were the same as the control group, using conventional field management.
[0043] Within 5 days after the tender stems emerge from the soil before treatment, record the initial disease index and plant density. Sampling is carried out in stages on the 7th, 15th and 30th days after application of the pesticide. Five sampling points are selected in each plot using the diagonal method, and 10 plants are continuously investigated at each sampling point. The number of lesions and disease grade (graded from 0 to 4) are recorded.
[0044] The disease severity criteria are as follows: Grade 0: No lesions; Grade 1: Lesions cover ≤10% of the stem surface area; Grade 2: Lesions cover 11%-25% of the stem surface area; Grade 3: Lesions cover 26%-50% of the stem surface area; Grade 4: Lesions cover more than 50% of the stem surface area.
[0045] The calculation methods for disease index, prevention efficacy, and yield increase rate are as follows: Disease index = ∑(number of diseased plants at each level × relative level value) / total number of plants surveyed × 5 × 100; Prevention efficacy = (disease index in control area - disease index in treatment area) / disease index in control area × 100%; Yield increase rate = (yield of treatment area - yield of blank control area) / yield of blank control area × 100%; The results are shown in Table 1.
[0046] Table 1 As shown in Table 1, the active herbal extract provided by this invention can effectively prevent asparagus stem blight and significantly increase asparagus yield. Furthermore, Artemisia annua and Scutellaria baicalensis exhibit a significant synergistic effect, with the combined effect far exceeding the sum of their individual effects. The ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction method combined with organic fermentation effectively dissolves active ingredients such as artemisinin and indirubin. The combined use of β-cyclodextrin and vitamin E prevents the loss of volatile components such as perillaldehyde, thereby maximizing the efficacy of the active herbal extract in preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight.
[0047] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight, characterized in that, The ingredients include the following parts by weight: Artemisia annua 20-30 parts, Scutellaria baicalensis 15-20 parts, Smilax glabra 15-25 parts, Sophora flavescens 8-12 parts, Stephania tetrandra 9-17 parts, Perilla frutescens 2-5 parts, Isatis indigotica 10-15 parts, Dryopteris crassirhizoma 8-10 parts, Indigo naturalis 3-5 parts.
2. The active extract of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ingredients include the following parts by weight: Artemisia annua 23-28 parts, Scutellaria baicalensis 16-19 parts, Smilax glabra 17-23 parts, Sophora flavescens 9-11 parts, Stephania tetrandra 12-15 parts, Perilla frutescens 3-4 parts, Isatis indigotica 12-14 parts, Dryopteris crassirhizoma 8-9 parts, Indigo naturalis 3-4 parts.
3. The active extract of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ingredients include the following parts by weight: Artemisia annua 25 parts, Scutellaria baicalensis 18 parts, Smilax glabra 20 parts, Sophora flavescens 10 parts, Stephania tetrandra 13 parts, Perilla frutescens 3 parts, Isatis indigotica 13 parts, Dryopteris crassirhizoma 8 parts, Indigo naturalis 3 parts.
4. The method for preparing a traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The raw materials are pulverized and mixed evenly, then an ethanol solution is added. After ultrasonic extraction, the resulting extract is subjected to aerobic fermentation. Finally, the fermentation liquid is concentrated by evaporation and spray-dried to obtain the active extract of the traditional Chinese medicine.
5. The method for preparing a traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ethanol solution has a mass concentration of 60% and is added at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:(8-10).
6. The method for preparing a traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ultrasonic extraction specifically includes the following steps: After extraction under ultrasonic conditions, the mixture was filtered. Then, ethanol solution was added to the resulting filter residue, and the above extraction process was repeated. After extraction, the filtrates were combined to obtain the extract.
7. The method for preparing a traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight according to claim 6, characterized in that, The power of the ultrasound is 200-500W; The extraction temperature is 45-55℃, and the time is 0.5-1.5h.
8. The method for preparing a traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight according to claim 4, characterized in that, During the aerobic fermentation process, lactic acid streptococci are inoculated.
9. The method for preparing a traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight according to claim 4, characterized in that, The aerobic fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 35-40℃ for 45-50 hours.
10. The method for preparing a traditional Chinese medicine active extract for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight according to claim 4, characterized in that, The spray drying process also includes the following steps: Vitamin E and β-cyclodextrin are mixed into the concentrated solution obtained after evaporation and concentration.