Earthquake wave advanced detection method, device and system combined with geophysical prospecting

Abstract

The invention provides a seismic wave advanced detection method and device combined with geophysical prospecting, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining while-drilling engineering parameters of a geophysical prospecting module in an advanced drilling process, and carrying out the inversion based on the while-drilling engineering parameters, and obtaining a three-dimensional geological attribute body of a to-be-detected region; acquiring a plurality of groups of wave field signals received by a wave detector after exciting seismic waves at a plurality of depth positions of the advanced borehole; the three-dimensional geological attribute body is converted into an initial speed model used for seismic wave inversion, and a constraint term is constructed based on a discrete speed value sequence along an advanced drilling track to carry out iterative inversion, so that a difference value between a wave field signal generated based on the model and a wave field signal received by a detector is minimized; and determining a geological interpretation result of the to-be-detected area based on the initial velocity model after iterative optimization. By coupling geophysical prospecting data, accurate iteration basis and constraint are provided for seismic wave detection, the model with higher accuracy is obtained, and the geological interpretation result of the to-be-detected area with higher accuracy is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic data processing technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus and system for seismic wave advance detection combined with geophysical exploration. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of major infrastructure projects such as tunnels, subways, and underground water conservancy projects, unfavorable geological formations such as fault fracture zones, karst caves, and high-pressure water-rich areas are often encountered in front of the tunnel face. The accuracy of geological exploration in front of the tunnel face directly affects the construction safety and efficiency of tunnel boring machines (TBMs).

[0003] Among the existing advanced geological exploration technologies, geophysical exploration is one of the most direct and reliable methods. Seismic wave detection is also an important geological exploration method. It utilizes the principle of reflection and scattering of artificially generated seismic waves at the interfaces of different geological bodies to image and detect the geological structures within a certain range ahead of the tunnel face.

[0004] However, most geophysical exploration methods can only perform linear exploration, making it difficult to accurately obtain the overall geological structure of the area in front of the tunnel face. Seismic wave exploration is limited by the excitation method. Traditional seismic wave excitation methods (such as explosives) have the problem of poor signal repeatability, which limits the accuracy of the detection results obtained by inversion based on seismic wave excitation methods. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a seismic wave advance detection method, device, and system that combines geophysical exploration, in order to overcome the shortcomings of existing geophysical and seismic wave detection methods in advance detection, and to realize a seismic wave detection method and device that couples geophysical exploration.

[0006] This invention provides a seismic wave advance detection method combined with geophysical exploration, comprising: The drilling engineering parameters obtained during the advanced drilling process using the geophysical module are acquired, and the three-dimensional geological attribute volume of the area to be tested is obtained based on the drilling engineering parameters. Acquire several sets of wavefield signals received by the detector after seismic waves are excited at several depths in the advanced borehole; The three-dimensional geological property volume is converted into an initial velocity model for seismic wave inversion, and iterative inversion is performed by constructing constraint terms based on the discrete velocity value sequence along the advanced borehole trajectory to minimize the difference between the wavefield signal generated based on the model and the wavefield signal received by the detector, wherein the discrete velocity value sequence is determined based on the drilling engineering parameters. The geological interpretation results of the area to be measured are determined based on the iteratively optimized initial velocity model.

[0007] According to the seismic wave advance detection method combined with geophysical exploration provided by the present invention, the steps of acquiring drilling engineering parameters during the advance drilling process using a geophysical exploration module, and inverting the three-dimensional geological attribute volume of the area to be measured based on the drilling engineering parameters, specifically include: Based on the drilling engineering parameters of each advanced borehole construction process in the area to be tested, the rock mass mechanical specific energy at the corresponding borehole location is determined, and the mechanical specific energy is mapped to uniaxial compressive strength. Spatial interpolation of the uniaxial compressive strength of multiple advanced boreholes in the area to be tested is performed to generate a three-dimensional geological property body of the area to be tested.

[0008] According to the seismic wave advance detection method combined with geophysical exploration provided by the present invention, the steps of converting the three-dimensional geological attribute volume into an initial velocity model for seismic wave inversion, and constructing constraint terms based on the discrete velocity value sequence along the advance borehole trajectory for iterative inversion, specifically include: The three-dimensional geological attribute volume is converted into a three-dimensional velocity model, and the three-dimensional velocity model is used as the initial velocity model; Based on the initial velocity model, construct the objective function: ; In the formula, m It is the vector field of the model to be inverted. F ( m ) is the forward operator, d s It is the received wave field signal. W s These are the weights of the earthquake data; It is the borehole constraint weight. H b It is a borehole sampling operator. d b It is a discrete velocity value sequence, used as borehole constraint data. W b It is the borehole data weight. L It is a difference operator. α These are the weighting coefficients of the prior / smoothing operator. It is a cross gradient. z It is the second attribute field. These are the weight coefficients of the cross gradient; Based on the results of solving the objective function, the geological interpretation results of the area to be measured are determined.

[0009] The present invention also provides a seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration, comprising: a bearing and propulsion system and an impact source module; The carrying and propulsion system includes a propulsion mechanism for transporting the impact source module in the pre-drilled hole and a locking mechanism for fixing the impact source module in the pre-drilled hole at the excitation position. The impact source module includes an exciter, an impact rod, and an incident rod. The exciter is used to drive the impact rod to impact the incident rod, so that the incident rod receives the instantaneous impact and couples with the rock wall of the advanced borehole to generate seismic waves in the advanced borehole.

[0010] According to the present invention, a seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration is provided, wherein the propulsion mechanism includes a hollow sleeve composed of multiple pipe segments spliced ​​together and a propeller for driving the hollow sleeve to move along its axial direction. It also includes a roller assembly installed on the outer wall of the hollow sleeve, the roller assembly including a telescopic member that extends and retracts radially along the hollow sleeve and a support roller fixed to the telescopic end of the telescopic member.

[0011] According to the present invention, a seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration is provided, wherein the locking mechanism includes a plurality of support arms that move radially along the hollow sleeve, and the support arms are spaced apart from the roller assembly.

[0012] According to the present invention, a seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration is provided. The impact source module includes an installation pipe section, an incident rod and an impact rod movably disposed in the installation pipe section, and a reset structure for resetting the incident rod. The installation pipe section is disposed in a hollow sleeve at its end and partially extends out of the hollow sleeve.

[0013] According to the present invention, a seismic wave advance detection device combining geophysical exploration is provided, wherein the diameter and material of the incident rod and the impact rod are the same, and the length of the impact rod is less than the length of the incident rod.

[0014] According to the present invention, a seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration is provided, wherein the length of the impact rod is not less than 0.5 meters and not more than 3 meters; and the length of the incident rod is not less than 1 meter and not more than 4 meters.

[0015] This invention also provides a seismic wave advance detection system combined with geophysical exploration, used to realize any of the above-mentioned seismic wave advance detection methods combined with geophysical exploration, including: The geophysical module is used to conduct advanced drilling to form advanced boreholes and record the drilling-while-drilling parameters used during the advanced drilling process, so as to obtain the three-dimensional geological property volume of the area to be measured based on the drilling-while-drilling parameters. The detection module is used to generate seismic waves at several depths in the advanced borehole; A detector is used to receive several sets of wavefield signals after seismic waves are generated at several depths in a pre-drilled borehole. The data processing module is used to convert the three-dimensional geological attribute volume into an initial velocity model for seismic wave inversion, and to construct constraint terms based on the discrete velocity value sequence along the advanced borehole trajectory for iterative inversion, so as to minimize the difference between the wave field signal generated based on the model and the wave field signal received by the detector, wherein the discrete velocity value sequence is determined based on the drilling engineering parameters; The output module is used to determine the geological interpretation results of the area to be measured based on the iteratively optimized initial velocity model.

[0016] The seismic wave advance detection method, device and system combined with geophysical exploration provided by this invention provides an accurate iterative basis and constraints for seismic wave detection by coupling geophysical data, so that the model obtained by iterative optimization can be accurately matched with the measured data obtained by geophysical exploration at the borehole location, so as to obtain a more accurate model and obtain more accurate geological interpretation results of the area to be measured. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the seismic wave advance detection method combined with geophysical exploration provided by the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration provided by the present invention, mainly used to demonstrate the bearing and propulsion system; Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration provided by the present invention, which is mainly used to demonstrate the shock source module. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure used to demonstrate the repositioning structure in the seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration provided by the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the seismic wave advance detection system combined with geophysical exploration provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure label: 1. Load-bearing and propulsion system; 11. Propulsion mechanism; 111. Hollow sleeve; 112. Roller assembly; 121. Support arm; 122. Locking block; 2. Impact source module; 21. Impact rod; 22. Incident rod; 221. Cylindrical rod segment; 222. Shoulder; 23. Mounting pipe segment; 231. First section; 2311. Front cavity; 2312. Rear cavity; 232. Second section; 241. Return spring; 242. Annular groove; 251. Rear cavity air / liquid inlet pipe; 252. Front cavity air / liquid inlet pipe; 253. Exhaust / liquid pipe; 2531. First outlet; 2532. Second outlet; 3. Rock drilling rig; 4. Cutterhead. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0021] The following is combined Figure 1 This invention introduces a seismic wave advance detection method combined with geophysical exploration, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: Step 101: Obtain the drilling engineering parameters during the advanced drilling process using the geophysical module, and invert the three-dimensional geological attribute volume of the area to be tested based on the drilling engineering parameters; Optionally, the geophysical module can be any existing geophysical equipment capable of advanced drilling.

[0022] In this embodiment, the geophysical exploration module uses the advanced drill of the rock drilling rig 3. After the TBM stops working, the advanced drill of the rock drilling rig 3 extends in front of the TBM cutterhead 4 to drill a horizontal advanced hole in the surrounding rock ahead, and records the drilling engineering parameters of the advanced drill during the drilling process.

[0023] Optionally, drilling parameters include drilling speed and torque.

[0024] Based on the empirical or physical relationship between drilling engineering parameters and rock mass mechanical properties, the physical properties of the rock mass at the pre-drilling location are obtained based on the drilling engineering parameters used during pre-drilling. Then, based on the physical properties of the rock mass, the three-dimensional geological property volume of the area to be measured in front of the TBM is obtained through spatial interpolation inversion.

[0025] Step 102: Obtain several sets of wavefield signals received by the detector after seismic waves are excited at several depths in the advanced borehole. After the pre-drilling is completed, a seismic wave excitation device is used to excite the pre-drilled borehole several times at different depths, and the wave field signal after each excitation is received by the arrayed detectors.

[0026] Optionally, the seismic wave excitation device is a controllable seismic source device that can be excited within an advanced borehole.

[0027] Before placing the seismic wave excitation device into the pre-drilled hole, a hole cleaning operation is required. High-pressure gas is used to remove rock cuttings and water from the pre-drilled hole to ensure that the hole is unobstructed and to avoid affecting the normal operation of the seismic wave excitation device.

[0028] In the case of a single excitation, the seismic wave excitation device can be sent to the target excitation position in the pre-drilling hole after the pre-drilling construction is completed. Preferably, it is coupled with the rock wall at the bottom of the pre-drilling hole to ensure efficient energy transfer.

[0029] The moment when the controllable seismic wave is excited is defined as the synchronization zero moment. Using the synchronization zero moment as the time reference, the three-component geophone array arranged near the tunnel face is synchronously triggered to collect and record the wave field signal of the rock mass in the area to be measured in front of the TBM, thus obtaining the single-shot seismic record.

[0030] With multiple excitations, the drilling and seismic wave excitation can be completed in segments, and the drilling parameters and a set of wave field signals obtained in each segment can be recorded.

[0031] Specifically, the detector array in this embodiment includes multiple three-component detectors that monitor signals in the x (horizontal direction pointing towards the inside of the tunnel sidewall), y (along the tunnel axial direction), and z (vertically upward) directions, respectively.

[0032] When a seismic wave is generated, it spreads through the rock mass and is reflected after passing through a geological anomaly in front. The reflected wave is received by a three-component geophone after propagating to the tunnel sidewall, and the signal is transmitted to a twelve-channel signal amplifier to amplify the electrical signal.

[0033] Subsequently, the signal is transmitted to the signal acquisition instrument, which converts the analog signal into a digital signal, which is then used as the signal data for inversion.

[0034] Step 103: The three-dimensional geological attribute volume is converted into an initial velocity model for seismic wave inversion, and a constraint term is constructed based on the discrete velocity value sequence along the advanced borehole trajectory for iterative inversion to minimize the difference between the wave field signal generated based on the model and the wave field signal received by the detector, wherein the discrete velocity value sequence is determined based on the drilling engineering parameters. Step 104: Determine the geological interpretation results of the area to be measured based on the iteratively optimized initial velocity model.

[0035] To overcome the shortcomings of geophysical exploration and seismic wave detection, this invention designs a joint inversion method that couples geophysical data. In this method, the three-dimensional geological attribute volume obtained from geophysical exploration is converted into an initial velocity model for seismic wave inversion, which serves as the basis for seismic wave inversion. Several sets of wavefield signals received by the geophone are used to iteratively optimize the initial velocity model in order to obtain geological interpretation results of the area under test with higher resolution that simultaneously satisfy both borehole data and seismic wave data.

[0036] Meanwhile, based on the drilling engineering parameters, the mechanical properties of a series of discrete points along the advanced drilling trajectory are determined, and the velocity values ​​of the discrete points are obtained based on the rock physics relationship, forming a discrete velocity value sequence, which is used as a constraint in the iteration process: the difference between this and the velocity value of the corresponding position generated by the velocity model in each iteration is used as a constraint term to guide the iterative optimization direction of the initial velocity model.

[0037] By using the above method, the three-dimensional geological attribute volume generated based on accurate geophysical data is used as a priori constraint and transformed into an initial velocity model with clear geological significance. This provides a more accurate basis for the inversion of seismic wave detection. At the same time, in the inversion process, not only is the wavefield data of seismic waves used as the fitting target, but also the high-confidence discrete velocity value sequence obtained from the drilling engineering parameters guides the iterative direction of the model. This allows the iterative inversion process to converge to match the geophysical field and meet the geological authenticity verification, ultimately obtaining advanced detection results with higher accuracy, resolution, and interpretability.

[0038] Understandably, the iteratively obtained model characterizes the three-dimensional wave velocity distribution of the area to be measured. Through rock physics relationships or empirical conversion formulas, engineering geological parameters such as uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, and integrity coefficient can be obtained based on the wave velocity interpretation, serving as the geological interpretation results of the area to be measured.

[0039] This invention provides an accurate iterative basis and constraints for seismic wave detection by coupling geophysical data, enabling the model obtained through iterative optimization to precisely match the measured data obtained from geophysical exploration at the borehole location, thereby obtaining a more accurate model and more accurate geological interpretation results for the area under test.

[0040] In the seismic wave advance detection method combined with geophysical exploration of this invention, the step of acquiring the drilling engineering parameters during the advance drilling process using a geophysical exploration module, and inverting the three-dimensional geological attribute volume of the area to be measured based on the drilling engineering parameters, specifically includes: Based on the drilling engineering parameters of each advanced borehole construction process in the area to be tested, the rock mass mechanical specific energy at the corresponding borehole location is determined, and the mechanical specific energy is mapped to uniaxial compressive strength. Spatial interpolation of the uniaxial compressive strength of multiple advanced boreholes in the area to be tested is performed to generate a three-dimensional geological property body of the area to be tested.

[0041] Optionally, drilling parameters include drilling speed and torque.

[0042] Based on the empirical or physical relationship between drilling parameters and rock mass mechanical properties (such as uniaxial compressive strength and integrity coefficient), the physical properties of the rock mass at the pre-drilling location are obtained. In this embodiment, they are calculated according to the following formula: ; In the formula, MSE is the mechanical specific energy (N / m³). 2 ); W It is drilling pressure (N); A It is the borehole area (m²) 2 ); T It is torque (N·m); N It is rotational speed (rpm); ROP is drilling rate (m / h).

[0043] Furthermore, uniaxial compressive strength can be characterized based on empirical mapping: ; In the formula, UCS is the uniaxial compressive strength (Pa). , These are empirical coefficients, obtained by conducting indoor rock mechanics tests on core samples from the project area and calibrating the test results with corresponding drilling parameters through regression analysis, ensuring the applicability of the model under these geological conditions.

[0044] Based on this, using Kriging interpolation, inverse distance interpolation, or multi-point geostatistical algorithms from geostatistics, spatial interpolation is performed on drilling-while-working parameters (such as drilling rate, torque, and vibration) from multiple boreholes. Combined with a rock physics model, a three-dimensional geological property volume is generated, which can be calculated using the following formula: ; In the formula, It is the conditional probability of attribute z at the location point; Training images T Statistical estimation of similar neighborhood patterns in the data.

[0045] In the seismic wave advance detection method combined with geophysical exploration of this invention, the steps of converting the three-dimensional geological attribute volume into an initial velocity model for seismic wave inversion, and constructing constraint terms based on the discrete velocity value sequence along the advance borehole trajectory for iterative inversion, specifically include: The three-dimensional geological attribute volume is converted into a three-dimensional velocity model, and the three-dimensional velocity model is used as the initial velocity model; Based on the initial velocity model, construct the objective function: ; In the formula, m It is the vector field of the model to be inverted. F ( m ) is the forward operator, d s It is the received wave field signal. W s These are the weights of the earthquake data; It is the borehole constraint weight. H b It is a borehole sampling operator. d b It is a discrete velocity value sequence, used as borehole constraint data. W b It is the borehole data weight. L It is a difference operator. α These are the weighting coefficients of the prior / smoothing operator. It is a cross gradient. z It is the second attribute field. These are the weight coefficients of the cross gradient; Based on the results of solving the objective function, the geological interpretation results of the area to be measured are determined.

[0046] Optionally, an empirical conversion formula between the UCS and P-wave velocity of the area to be measured is determined based on rock physics relationships. The UCS of each three-dimensional grid is mapped to a seismic wave velocity value. After smoothing, correction and other operations, the mapping result is used to obtain a three-dimensional velocity model, which is then used as the initial velocity model to construct the objective function.

[0047] In the objective function provided in this embodiment, It is an earthquake data item. d s Characterize the observation data; These are borehole constraint terms, used to incorporate determined geophysical results into model updates. This is the weighting coefficient for borehole constraints (reference value range is 10). -1 ~10 2 When the value is fixed, a larger value is used; when the value is mainly driven by data, a smaller value is used. Alternatively, the value can be adjusted iteratively using an adaptive method. It is the prior / smoothing term, used to control the smoothness of the model or its deviation from the prior. m prior The degree of pore data weight, L It is a difference operator (e.g., the first order is the gradient operator, and the second order is the Laplace operator).α These are the weighting coefficients of the prior / smoothing operator, which can be set using L-curve, cross-validation, or empirically based on the data noise level. In multi-scale inversion, they should be gradually reduced. α ; This is a cross gradient term used to encourage structural similarity between two property fields.

[0048] It is worth noting that the generated three-dimensional geological property volume was converted into an initial velocity model. m (0) The overall spatial structure of the inversion solution is constrained and embodied in the prior / smoothing operator; meanwhile, the discrete velocity values ​​calculated along the borehole trajectory serve as high-confidence data. d b Through the borehole sampling operator H b Local constraints are applied to the inversion results to ensure that the final model accurately matches the measured data at the borehole location.

[0049] The seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration provided by the present invention is described below. The seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration described below is used for seismic wave excitation in the seismic wave advance detection method combined with geophysical exploration described above.

[0050] The following is combined Figures 2 to 5 This invention introduces a seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes a load-bearing and propulsion system and an impact source module; The carrying and propulsion system 1 includes a propulsion mechanism 11 for transporting the impact source module 2 in the advance borehole and a locking mechanism for fixing the impact source module 2 in the advance borehole at the excitation position. The impact source module 2 includes an exciter, an impact rod 21, and an incident rod 22. The exciter is used to drive the impact rod 21 to impact the incident rod 22, so that the incident rod 22 receives the instantaneous impact and couples with the rock wall of the advanced borehole to generate seismic waves in the advanced borehole.

[0051] Because the aforementioned seismic wave advance detection method combined with geophysical exploration requires multiple seismic wave excitations within the advance borehole to construct a three-dimensional geological property volume as a priori model, traditional seismic wave excitation methods, such as explosives, suffer from problems such as poor signal repeatability and significant safety hazards in actual engineering. Conventional electromagnetic non-explosive seismic sources, due to limitations in size, structure, or energy coupling methods, are difficult to apply to excitation in advance boreholes, making it difficult to obtain the high-quality, consistent source signals required for inversion.

[0052] Therefore, in this embodiment, a seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration is provided for the excitation of a controllable seismic source in an advance borehole. Meanwhile, to ensure the normal operation of the seismic wave advance detection device of this invention, the corresponding inner diameter of the advance borehole should be no less than 60 mm.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, the advanced detection device includes a carrying and propulsion system 1 and an impact source module 2. The impact source module 2 is used to realize the excitation of a controllable seismic source in the advanced borehole, while the carrying and propulsion system 1 is used to transport, place and position the impact source module 2 in the advanced borehole.

[0054] Specifically, the bearing and propulsion system 1 includes a propulsion mechanism 11 and a locking mechanism. The propulsion mechanism 11 is used to push the impact source module 2 into or out of the borehole in a pushing manner. Optionally, the propulsion mechanism 11 can be any feasible linear drive mechanism.

[0055] It also includes a locking mechanism. After the propulsion mechanism 11 sends the impact source module 2 into the preset excitation position, the impact source module 2 needs to be fixed by the locking mechanism to resist the reaction force generated when the seismic wave is excited, so as to ensure that the energy is transmitted forward as much as possible.

[0056] The impact source module 2 in this embodiment includes an exciter, an impact rod 21 and an incident rod 22, and the impact source module 2 is installed on the movable end of the propulsion mechanism 11.

[0057] Optionally, the exciter can be a pneumatic / hydraulic exciter. The output end of the exciter is fixed to the end of the impact rod 21 away from the incident rod 22, so as to drive the impact rod 21 to collide with the incident rod 22 to generate seismic waves during excitation.

[0058] The impact rod 21, as the main impact mass block, controls the energy and dominant frequency of the excited seismic source by configuring different masses, lengths, and impact velocities. The impact rod 21 is preferably detachably fixed to the exciter, allowing for the configuration of suitable impact rods 21 for different detection scenarios.

[0059] As a key component for energy transfer and waveform optimization, the incident rod 22 receives the instantaneous impact of the impact rod 21 and efficiently couples it to the bottom rock wall of the pre-drilled hole.

[0060] Optionally, the pneumatic / hydraulic actuator in this embodiment is a closed double-acting cylinder that is remotely controlled by an umbilical cable, mainly comprising four parts: a metal cylinder body, a rear chamber air / liquid inlet pipe, a front chamber air / liquid inlet pipe, and an exhaust / liquid inlet pipe.

[0061] Its "excitation" and "recovery" functions are achieved based on the pressure difference control between its front and rear chambers. According to fluid mechanics principles, the driving force applied to the impact rod piston can be calculated using the following formula: ; In the formula, It is the driving force (N) applied to the piston of the impact rod. To increase the pressure of the high-pressure fluid (Pa); It is the effective area of ​​the piston (m²) 2 ).

[0062] In the above manner, after the propulsion mechanism 11 sends the impact source module 2 into the preset excitation position of the advanced borehole, the impact source module 2 is fixed by the locking mechanism. Then, the exciter controls the impact rod 21 to impact the incident rod 22 to achieve the excitation of controllable broadband seismic waves and couple the seismic wave energy to the borehole wall. Among them, the impact rod 21 and the incident rod 22 are adapted by the rod-shaped design to achieve the excitation of controllable seismic waves in the advanced borehole, so as to stably generate accurate and controllable seismic waves for model inversion.

[0063] In the seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration of the present invention, the propulsion mechanism 11 includes a hollow sleeve 111 composed of multiple pipe segments spliced ​​together and a propeller for driving the hollow sleeve 111 to move along its axial direction. It also includes a roller assembly 112 installed on the outer wall of the hollow sleeve 111. The roller assembly 112 includes a telescopic member that extends and retracts radially along the hollow sleeve 111 and a support roller fixed to the telescopic end of the telescopic member.

[0064] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the propulsion in this real-time mode includes a hollow sleeve 111 composed of multiple pipe segments.

[0065] Optionally, the splicing method can be an existing splicing method that can stably connect adjacent pipe sections. In this embodiment, adjacent pipe sections are spliced ​​detachably through high-strength threaded connection to achieve long-distance pushing. The length of each hollow push rod is preferably 1.5 to 3 meters. In order to reduce the weight of the device, the wall thickness of the hollow sleeve 111 is preferably 10 mm.

[0066] The impact source module 2 is installed in the end section of the hollow sleeve 111 away from the thruster to protect it during transport in the advanced borehole, and at the same time, to provide a passage for the umbilical cable.

[0067] The umbilical cable is a composite cable integrating multiple pipelines, responsible for delivering high-pressure gas / liquid and control circuit signals from the ground control terminal to the downhole module, and establishing communication.

[0068] The propulsion mechanism 11 also includes a thruster for providing a push / pull force to the hollow sleeve 111, thereby sending the impact source module 2 installed at the end of the hollow sleeve 111 into the preset excitation position.

[0069] The thruster is located inside the TBM and, in one feasible embodiment, is mounted on the same annular beam as the advance drill of the rock drilling rig 33, with the switching between the drilling rig and the detection device achieved by rotating the annular beam.

[0070] The propulsion mechanism 11 also includes roller assemblies 112. In this embodiment, the roller assemblies 112 are arranged in an array on the outer wall of the hollow sleeve 111. Each roller assembly 112 includes a telescopic member and a support roller fixed to the telescopic end of the telescopic member.

[0071] The telescopic component should be configured as a high-strength spring or hydraulic piston support, so that it has radial telescopicity along the hollow sleeve 111, thereby providing stable support for the hollow sleeve 111 to adapt to different hole diameters and irregular hole walls during the process of the hollow sleeve 111 moving in advance drilling to deliver the impact source module 2.

[0072] Optionally, the supporting rollers are made of cemented carbide.

[0073] Based on the above, the end section of the central sleeve is sleeved with the impact tube and the injection tube, and the end section is also fixed with an annular baffle to prevent the injection tube from falling off and to limit the injection tube.

[0074] It is understandable that if the propulsion mechanism 11 adopts other methods, it can also design its own connection structure to match the impact source module 2, so that the impact source module 2 can be transported to the preset excitation position by the propulsion mechanism 11.

[0075] In the seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration of the present invention, the locking mechanism includes a plurality of support arms 121 that move radially along the hollow sleeve 111, and the support arms 121 are spaced apart from the roller assembly 112.

[0076] Several sections of the hollow sleeve 111 are designated as locking sections for the purpose of setting up a locking mechanism. Optionally, the locking sections can be alternated with the conventional hollow sleeve 111 sections to ensure the overall stability of the hollow sleeve 111 extending into the pre-drilled hole and the impact source assembly. Alternatively, multiple consecutive sections of the hollow sleeve 111 near the impact source module 2 can be designated as locking sections to ensure the stability of the tube body at the excitation position, thereby ensuring the stability of the impact source module 2 during excitation and enabling the excitation energy to be coupled to the bottom wall of the borehole.

[0077] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the locking mechanism consists of multiple pneumatically / hydraulically driven support arms 121. A locking block 122 is fixedly connected to the movable end of the support arm 121 to increase the contact area between the support arm 121 and the borehole sidewall and increase the friction between them.

[0078] Specifically, a plurality of support arms 121 arranged around the hollow sleeve 111 axially and spaced apart from the roller assembly 112 constitute a set of support arm 121 assemblies, and the multiple sets of support arm 121 assemblies are spaced apart along the hollow sleeve 111 axially.

[0079] During the splicing and movement of the hollow sleeve 111, the support arm 121 retracts into the groove in the wall of the hollow sleeve 111.

[0080] Before excitation, the control arm 121 is opened and pressed against the side wall of the advanced borehole to fix the hollow sleeve 111 and the impact source module 2 to resist the reaction force generated when the source is excited.

[0081] Preferably, the wall thickness of the locking tube section should not be less than 25 mm to ensure sufficient groove depth inside the rod wall for housing the support arm 121 and its drive mechanism. The drive mechanism of the support arm 121 adopts a multi-stage nested telescopic structure design. In the initial state, each stage of the segment is radially overlapped and housed within the rod wall. In the working state, it extends step by step to generate a cumulative radial stroke effect. This ensures the provision of radial support pressure while increasing the effective radial extension range of the support arm 121, enabling it to adapt to irregular hole walls of different diameters and those with local collapse.

[0082] Optionally, a force sensor is also provided on the contact wall of the locking block 122. By acquiring the detection data of the force sensor, it is determined whether the support arm 121 is pressed tightly enough to resist the reaction force generated by the seismic wave to be excited during the excitation.

[0083] Specifically, the locking force required to open the support arm can be calculated using the following formula based on the driving pressure of the pneumatic / hydraulic system and the effective working area of ​​the support arm: ; In the formula, It is the locking force (N) applied to the hole wall when the support arm is open. P It is the system driving pressure (Pa); A It is the effective working area of ​​the support arm (m²) 2 ).

[0084] Meanwhile, the coefficient of friction between the support arm and the borehole wall of the pre-drilled hole also has a significant impact on the locking effect. Design: ; In the formula, μ It is the coefficient of friction; c It is the safety factor; It is the reaction force (N) generated by the shock source module during excitation.

[0085] In this manner, when the impact source drives the impact rod 21 to move at high speed to generate forward seismic waves, its exciter (i.e., impact source module 2) will be subjected to an impact load of equal and opposite magnitude. If this load cannot be effectively restrained, it will dissipate a large amount of energy in the form of mechanical vibration or overall displacement of the device, resulting in a significant reduction in the effective energy injected into the rock mass ahead.

[0086] The locking mechanism consists of multiple synchronously driven support arms 121. A precisely measurable normal locking force is applied via a hydraulic or pneumatic system. A locking block 122, preferably made of a high-friction coefficient material such as hard alloy or diamond composite sheet, is preferably installed at the contact interface between the support arm 121 and the borehole wall. This structural combination forms a high-strength rigid coupling between the detection device and the borehole wall rock mass, thus creating a high-impedance acoustic boundary. This ensures that energy is transmitted forward as much as possible. Functionally, it is equivalent to providing a quasi-infinite mass stable base for the seismic source excitation, fundamentally suppressing the backward energy dissipation caused by the reaction force. This forces the energy output of the exciter to be converted into forward kinetic energy driving the impact rod 21 to the maximum extent, and ultimately coupled efficiently to the forward rock mass in the form of forward seismic waves. This significantly improves the energy conversion efficiency and effective detection range of the impact source, ensuring that a sufficiently strong reflected signal can still be obtained on distant geological targets.

[0087] On the other hand, the aforementioned reaction force load will exist in the main structure of the device as a backward-propagating stress wave. If the contact between the device and the borehole wall is unstable, this stress wave will cause micro-motion, slippage, or resonance between the excitation device and the borehole wall, thereby generating complex source-end coherent noise that is highly correlated with the excitation time. This noise will propagate along the borehole and surrounding rock, and will be recorded by the detector array of the signal receiving module, overlapping with the effective reflected signal from the geological body in front, severely reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of the data.

[0088] The locking mechanism's locking characteristics provide a stable and direct transmission path for the backward-propagating stress wave, allowing it to be rapidly and completely introduced into a large area of ​​surrounding rock mass and attenuated quickly, rather than forming continuous vibration radiation at the device-hole wall interface. Functionally, it achieves effective acoustic isolation between the source end and the detector receiving end, suppressing the generation and propagation of strong coherent noise, ensuring that the data acquired by the detector is mainly effective information from the target. This fundamentally improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the raw data, providing crucial data quality assurance for subsequent high-resolution seismic wave inversion imaging and obtaining reliable geological prediction results.

[0089] In the seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration of the present invention, the impact source module 2 includes an installation pipe section 23, an incident rod 22 and an impact rod 21 movably disposed in the installation pipe section 23, and a reset structure for resetting the incident rod 22. The installation pipe section 23 is disposed in the hollow sleeve 111 at the end and partially extends out of the hollow sleeve 111.

[0090] like Figure 4 As shown, the installation pipe section 23 can be fixedly installed inside the hollow sleeve 111 at the end of the pipe section using any existing pipe section fixing structure, ensuring that there is a gap between the installation pipe section 23 and the hollow sleeve 111 for umbilical cable installation. It also partially extends out of the hollow sleeve 111. The installation pipe section 23 is divided into a first section 231 and a second section 232. The impact rod 21 is configured to move within the first section 231 under the action of a pneumatic / hydraulic actuator; the incident rod 22 is configured to move within the second section 232.

[0091] Furthermore, when the impact rod 21 is at the end position of the first segment 231 and the incident rod 22 is at the beginning position of the second segment 232, the incident rod 22 is in contact with the impact rod 21.

[0092] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the first section 231 of the mounting tube 23 is divided into a front cavity 2311 and a rear cavity 2312 by the impact rod 21, and one end of the mounting tube 23 extending into the hollow sleeve 111 is closed. The rear cavity 2312 end wall, the rear cavity 2312 side wall and the front cavity 2311 side wall of the mounting tube 23 are provided with openings at two opposite positions that communicate with the gas / liquid pipes of the exciter. Among them, the opening of the rear cavity 2312 end wall of the mounting tube 23 is connected to the rear cavity gas / liquid inlet pipe 251, and the opening of the rear cavity 2312 side wall is connected to the first outlet 2531 of the exhaust / liquid pipe 253. One opening of the front cavity 2311 side wall is connected to the front cavity gas / liquid inlet pipe 252, and the other opening is connected to the second outlet 2532 of the exhaust / liquid pipe 253.

[0093] During activation, the first outlet 2531 of the rear chamber air / liquid inlet pipe 251 and exhaust pipe 253 is opened, while the second outlet 2532 of the front chamber air / liquid inlet pipe 252 and exhaust pipe 253 is closed. The high-pressure gas / liquid of the exciter enters the mounting pipe section 23 from the rear chamber air / liquid inlet pipe 251, driving the impact rod 21 to impact the injection rod 22 at high speed.

[0094] After the excitation is completed, the first outlet 2531 of the rear cavity air / liquid inlet pipe 251 and the exhaust / liquid pipe 253 is closed, and the second outlet 2532 of the front cavity air / liquid inlet pipe 252 and the exhaust / liquid pipe 253 is opened. High pressure gas / liquid quickly enters the installation pipe section 23 from the front cavity air / liquid inlet pipe 252, pushing the impact rod 21 back to its position, that is, the impact rod 21 is in contact with the end wall of the installation pipe section 23.

[0095] Furthermore, during activation, the impact rod 21 impacts the incident rod 22 at high speed under the action of high-speed gas / liquid, causing the incident rod 22 to couple to the bottom wall of the borehole at the opening of the installation pipe section 23, and to return to the state to be impacted under the action of the elastic rebound force of the rock mass itself and the reset structure.

[0096] like Figure 5 As shown, the reset structure in this embodiment includes an annular groove 242 formed on the inner side wall of the second section 232 of the mounting pipe section 23 and a lightweight reset spring 241 sleeved on the incident rod 22. The annular groove 242 is used to accommodate the reset spring 241. The incident rod 22 is composed of a cylindrical rod section 221 and a frustum-shaped shoulder 222. The large head of the shoulder 222 is connected to the cylindrical rod section 221, and the small head has the same diameter as the cylindrical rod section 221.

[0097] The length of the annular groove 242 should be greater than the stroke of the incident rod 22, but should not be greater than half the length of the incident rod 22.

[0098] One end of the return spring 241 is fixed to the inner step formed by the contraction of the mounting tube section 23, and the other end is fixed to the shoulder 222. After completing one impact, it quickly pulls the incident rod 22 back to the initial firing position without absorbing too much effective impact kinetic energy.

[0099] Under the above configuration, the shoulder 222 serves as the force support for the return spring 241. The slope significantly reduces the energy loss of the stress wave reflection at the abrupt change in the cross section, thereby obtaining a cleaner and stronger initial pulse of the seismic wave and improving the detection distance and resolution.

[0100] In the seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration of the present invention, the diameter and material of the incident rod 22 and the impact rod 21 are the same, and the length of the impact rod 21 is less than the length of the incident rod 22.

[0101] Furthermore, the impact rod 21, as the main impact mass, determines the energy and dominant frequency of the seismic source through its mass, length, and velocity. The length of the impact rod 21 is a core parameter determining the frequency characteristics of the seismic source signal. According to the one-dimensional stress wave theory, the contact duration between the impact rod 21 and the incident rod 22 (i.e., the pulse width of the initial stress wave) is determined by the time it takes for the stress wave to travel back and forth once within the impact rod 21. ; In the formula, T It is the pulse width (s) of the initial stress wave. T The dominant frequency of the seismic source signal is determined ( ); It is the length of the impact rod (m); Let be the longitudinal wave velocity (m / s) of the rod material.

[0102] As a key component for energy transfer and waveform optimization, the incident rod 22 receives the instantaneous impact of the impact rod 21 and efficiently couples it to the bottom wall of the borehole. Its size and material design are preferably coordinated with the impact rod 21 to form an efficient stress wave generation and transmission system, so as to achieve efficient coupling of energy from the impact rod 21 to the bottom wall of the borehole.

[0103] In this embodiment, the incident rod 22 and the impact rod 21 use the same rod diameter and material to achieve acoustic impedance matching and reduce energy loss at the impact interface. Their length design must meet a critical non-interference condition: to ensure that the complete stress wave pulse generated by the impact rod 21 can be completely transmitted to the borehole bottom wall, preventing the reflected waveform from the end of the incident rod 22 (rock wall) from superimposing with the incident waveform. That is, the time required for the stress wave to travel one round trip within the incident rod 22 must be greater than the width of the stress wave pulse generated by the impact rod 21. The simplified core design principle is: ; In the formula, It is the length of the impact rod (m); It is the length of the incident rod (m), that is, the length of the incident rod is greater than the length of the impact rod.

[0104] Furthermore, if the impact rod 21 is too short, the dominant frequency of the seismic source will be too high, reducing the detection range; if the impact rod 21 is too long, the dominant frequency of the seismic source will be too low, the spatial resolution will decrease, and the modal complexity will increase, resulting in non-ideal waveforms. Conversely, if the incident rod 22 is too short, it will interfere with the impact pulse, causing waveform distortion. In order to generate a seismic wave dominant frequency suitable for tunnel advance prediction, the length of the impact rod 21 is preferably between [0.5, 3.0] meters, and the length of the incident rod 22 is designed according to the waveform integrity requirements, usually between [1.0, 4.0] meters. The diameters of the impact rod 21 and the incident rod 22 are preferably between [40, 70] millimeters.

[0105] Optionally, the impact rod 21 and / or the incident rod 22 are integrated with velocity sensors or force sensors to monitor the actual output waveform and energy of each excitation, in order to assess the consistency and coupling effect of the source and provide source signals for seismic wave inversion.

[0106] Preferably, under the above-mentioned shock source module 2 configuration, the seismic waves with controllable energy and dominant frequency can be controlled in the following manner.

[0107] Firstly, regarding the control of energy, assuming... If the force is constant, the impact energy can be calculated according to the stroke of the impact rod. s Lower Accelerate and speed v The impact is estimated using the following formula: ; In the formula, m Let be the mass of the impact rod.

[0108] Based on this, by Hengli Assuming the velocity can be approximated Then energy E You can press Estimation. That is, by adjusting the fluid pressure. P fluid Piston effective area A piston Stroke s, impact rod mass m The energy level injected into the rock mass can be controlled. In practical applications, the mass of the impact rod can be determined before detection. m Set the fluid pressure before activation. P fluid and itinerary s Control the energy of the seismic source.

[0109] Secondly, frequency control is crucial. Source frequency control can also be achieved through two parts: pre-detection rod selection and pre-excitation impact parameter control. The frequency spectrum is determined by two main time scales: the grid scale of the impact rod... T and contact dynamics timescale t c .

[0110] Among these factors, the selection of rods before detection will affect the grid size of the impact rod ( This determines the reference duration and main energy band of the input stress wave. When the impact rod 21 impacts the incident rod 22, the compressive stress wave propagates from the contact end face along the impact rod 21 to its free end, and is reflected back as a tensile wave upon reaching the free end. When this tensile wave returns to the contact end face, it cancels the compressive stress at the interface, causing the impact rod 21 and the incident rod 22 to separate naturally, ending the impact process. Within a suitable length range, a longer impact rod will produce a longer [unclear - possibly a specific energy level or characteristic]. T The resulting stress wave pulse has a longer duration and its energy is more concentrated at low frequencies, which is beneficial for achieving a longer detection distance; a shorter impact rod will produce a shorter... T The resulting stress wave pulses are short in duration, have a wider energy spectrum, and are richer in high-frequency components, which is beneficial for high-resolution imaging of near-field targets. Before the detection mission, impact rods of different lengths should be selected according to the expected detection distance and accuracy target, so as to achieve preset and coarse-grained adjustment of the main energy band of the seismic source.

[0111] Pre-excitation impact parameter control affects the contact dynamics timescale ( In the formula For equivalent quality, The contact stiffness (which determines the envelope shape of the energy spectrum and its high-frequency cutoff characteristics) determines the energy spectrum envelope shape and high-frequency cutoff characteristics. Among these, the contact stiffness... Impact speed v The higher the impact velocity, the more severe the deformation of the contact interface, and the greater the equivalent stiffness. Within a suitable driving force range, high driving pressure will generate high impact velocity, thereby increasing contact stiffness. This shortens the contact time. t c This excites richer high-frequency components, improving detection accuracy; low driving pressure results in low impact velocity, a softer contact process, and shorter contact time. t c Extending the time confines more energy within the space provided by the confinement of the confined space. T Within the set mid-to-low frequency range.

[0112] The impact source module of this invention achieves precise control of the seismic source that ultimately acts on the rock mass through the above two-layer control mechanism. By combining the two adjustment schemes, a controllable broadband seismic source is realized. The energy level is adjusted and its spectral structure is optimized according to the target characteristics to match the optimal imaging frequency of geological bodies of different scales, thereby improving the distance, accuracy and adaptability of seismic wave advance detection to complex geological environments.

[0113] Preferably, the advanced detection device of the present invention further includes a data acquisition and processing unit for amplifying, filtering and high-speed analog-to-digital (A / D) conversion of the analog signal received by the detector to form digitized seismic record data.

[0114] Preferably, the advanced detection device of the present invention further includes a high-precision synchronization clock system to ensure that the recording time of all detectors and the moment of source excitation (T-zero time) are strictly synchronized at the sub-millisecond level.

[0115] Through the above methods, this invention combines two detection techniques, utilizing geophysical pre-drilling boreholes to provide a channel for advancing the seismic wave pre-detection device and providing an initial model and constraints for seismic wave inversion. In terms of detection, the pre-drilling boreholes allow the pre-detection seismic source to be advanced forward, expanding the detection range. The impact-type seismic source used has its energy magnitude (controlled by fluid pressure), dominant frequency (designed by the impact rod length), and excitation timing all precisely controlled remotely from the ground, making it safer and less disruptive to the environment compared to traditional sources such as explosives. By integrating an accelerometer on the impact rod or incident rod, the actual output waveform and energy of each excitation are monitored in real time, ensuring the quality of the acquired raw seismic data and providing a true source function for the inversion algorithm. In terms of inversion, an initial three-dimensional model is generated using the drilling parameters (geophysical) of the rock drill. This model is then used as constraints in subsequent seismic wave inversion, mitigating the multiple solutions and instability problems caused by inaccurate initial models in traditional seismic inversion, and improving the accuracy and reliability of advanced geological prediction results. The entire device and method are designed closely around the TBM construction process, enabling rapid completion of drilling, detection, and data acquisition during normal TBM downtime for maintenance. This minimizes interference with the main tunneling work and demonstrates strong engineering practicality and efficiency. In summary, this invention enables high-precision detection at long distances and reduces the impact of advanced detection on TBM construction.

[0116] The seismic wave advance detection system combined with geophysical exploration provided by the present invention will be described below. The seismic wave advance detection system combined with geophysical exploration described below corresponds to the seismic wave advance detection method combined with geophysical exploration described above.

[0117] like Figure 6 As shown, the seismic wave advance detection system of the present invention combined with geophysical exploration includes a geophysical exploration module 601, a detection module 602, a detector 603, a data processing module 604, and an output module 605. Geophysical exploration module 601 is used to advance drilling to form advance boreholes and record the drilling engineering parameters used in the advance drilling process, so as to obtain the three-dimensional geological attribute volume of the area to be tested based on the drilling engineering parameters. Optionally, the geophysical module can be any existing geophysical equipment capable of advanced drilling.

[0118] In this embodiment, the geophysical exploration module uses the advanced drill of the rock drilling rig 3. After the TBM stops working, the advanced drill of the rock drilling rig 3 extends in front of the TBM cutterhead 4 to drill a horizontal advanced hole in the surrounding rock ahead, and records the drilling engineering parameters of the advanced drill during the drilling process.

[0119] Optionally, drilling parameters include drilling speed and torque.

[0120] Based on the empirical or physical relationship between drilling engineering parameters and rock mass mechanical properties, the physical properties of the rock mass at the pre-drilling location are obtained based on the drilling engineering parameters used during pre-drilling. Then, based on the physical properties of the rock mass, the three-dimensional geological property volume of the area to be measured in front of the TBM is obtained through spatial interpolation inversion.

[0121] The detection module 602 is used to generate seismic waves at several depths in the advanced borehole; After the pre-drilling is completed, a seismic wave excitation device is used to excite the pre-drilled borehole several times at different depths, and the wave field signal after each excitation is received by the arrayed detectors.

[0122] Optionally, the seismic wave excitation device is a controllable seismic source device that can be excited within an advanced borehole.

[0123] The moment when the controllable seismic wave is excited is defined as the synchronization zero moment. Using the synchronization zero moment as the time reference, the three-component geophone array arranged near the tunnel face is synchronously triggered to collect and record the wave field signal of the rock mass in the area to be measured in front of the TBM, thus obtaining the single-shot seismic record.

[0124] With multiple excitations, the drilling and seismic wave excitation can be completed in segments, and the drilling parameters and a set of wave field signals obtained in each segment can be recorded.

[0125] Detector 603 is used to receive several sets of wavefield signals after seismic waves are excited at several depths in the advanced borehole. Specifically, the detector array in this embodiment includes multiple three-component detectors that monitor signals in the x (horizontal direction pointing towards the inside of the tunnel sidewall), y (along the tunnel axial direction), and z (vertically upward) directions, respectively.

[0126] When a seismic wave is generated, it spreads through the rock mass and is reflected after passing through a geological anomaly in front. The reflected wave is received by a three-component geophone after propagating to the tunnel sidewall, and the signal is transmitted to a twelve-channel signal amplifier to amplify the electrical signal.

[0127] The data processing module 604 is used to convert the three-dimensional geological attribute volume into an initial velocity model for seismic wave inversion, and to construct constraint terms based on the discrete velocity value sequence along the advanced borehole trajectory for iterative inversion, so as to minimize the difference between the wave field signal generated based on the model and the wave field signal received by the detector, wherein the discrete velocity value sequence is determined based on the initial drilling engineering parameters; Output module 605 is used to determine the geological interpretation results of the area to be measured based on the iteratively optimized initial velocity model.

[0128] Subsequently, the signal is transmitted to the signal acquisition instrument, which converts the analog signal into a digital signal, which is then used as the signal data for inversion.

[0129] To overcome the shortcomings of geophysical exploration and seismic wave detection, this invention designs a joint inversion method that couples geophysical data. In this method, the three-dimensional geological attribute volume obtained from geophysical exploration is converted into an initial velocity model for seismic wave inversion, which serves as the basis for seismic wave inversion. Several sets of wavefield signals received by the geophone are used to iteratively optimize the initial velocity model in order to obtain geological interpretation results of the area under test with higher resolution that simultaneously satisfy both borehole data and seismic wave data.

[0130] Meanwhile, based on the drilling engineering parameters, the mechanical properties of a series of discrete points along the advanced drilling trajectory are determined, and the velocity values ​​of the discrete points are obtained based on the rock physics relationship, forming a discrete velocity value sequence, which is used as a constraint in the iteration process: the difference between this and the velocity value of the corresponding position generated by the velocity model in each iteration is used as a constraint term to guide the iterative optimization direction of the initial velocity model.

[0131] By using the above method, the three-dimensional geological attribute volume generated based on accurate geophysical data is used as a priori constraint and transformed into an initial velocity model with clear geological significance. This provides a more accurate basis for the inversion of seismic wave detection. At the same time, in the inversion process, not only is the wavefield data of seismic waves used as the fitting target, but also the high-confidence discrete velocity value sequence obtained from the drilling engineering parameters guides the iterative direction of the model. This allows the iterative inversion process to converge to match the geophysical field and meet the geological authenticity verification, ultimately obtaining advanced detection results with higher accuracy, resolution, and interpretability.

[0132] Understandably, the iteratively obtained model characterizes the three-dimensional wave velocity distribution of the area to be measured. Through rock physics relationships or empirical conversion formulas, engineering geological parameters such as uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, and integrity coefficient can be obtained based on the wave velocity interpretation, serving as the geological interpretation results of the area to be measured.

[0133] This invention provides an accurate iterative basis and constraints for seismic wave detection by coupling geophysical data, enabling the model obtained through iterative optimization to precisely match the measured data obtained from geophysical exploration at the borehole location, thereby obtaining a more accurate model and more accurate geological interpretation results for the area under test.

[0134] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seismic wave advance detection method combined with geophysical exploration, characterized in that, include: The drilling engineering parameters obtained during the advanced drilling process using the geophysical module are acquired, and the three-dimensional geological attribute volume of the area to be tested is obtained based on the drilling engineering parameters. Acquire several sets of wavefield signals received by the detector after seismic waves are excited at several depths in the advanced borehole; The three-dimensional geological property volume is converted into an initial velocity model for seismic wave inversion, and iterative inversion is performed by constructing constraint terms based on the discrete velocity value sequence along the advanced borehole trajectory to minimize the difference between the wavefield signal generated based on the model and the wavefield signal received by the detector, wherein the discrete velocity value sequence is determined based on the drilling engineering parameters. The geological interpretation results of the area to be measured are determined based on the iteratively optimized initial velocity model.

2. The seismic wave advance detection method combined with geophysical exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of acquiring drilling-while-drilling (DWDD) parameters using a geophysical module during advanced drilling, and inverting these DWDD parameters to obtain the three-dimensional geological attribute volume of the area to be measured, specifically include: Based on the drilling engineering parameters of each advanced borehole construction process in the area to be tested, the rock mass mechanical specific energy at the corresponding borehole location is determined, and the mechanical specific energy is mapped to uniaxial compressive strength. Spatial interpolation of the uniaxial compressive strength of multiple advanced boreholes in the area to be tested is performed to generate a three-dimensional geological property body of the area to be tested.

3. The seismic wave advance detection method combined with geophysical exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of converting the three-dimensional geological attribute volume into an initial velocity model for seismic wave inversion, and constructing constraint terms based on the discrete velocity value sequence along the advance borehole trajectory for iterative inversion, specifically include: The three-dimensional geological attribute volume is converted into a three-dimensional velocity model, and the three-dimensional velocity model is used as the initial velocity model; Based on the initial velocity model, construct the objective function: ； In the formula, m It is the vector field of the model to be inverted. F ( m ) is the forward operator, d s It is the received wave field signal. W s These are the weights of the earthquake data; It is the borehole constraint weight. H b It is a borehole sampling operator. d b It is a discrete velocity value sequence, used as borehole constraint data. W b It is the borehole data weight. L It is a difference operator. α These are the weighting coefficients of the prior / smoothing operator. It is a cross gradient. z It is the second attribute field. These are the weight coefficients of the cross gradient; Based on the results of solving the objective function, the geological interpretation results of the area to be measured are determined.

4. A seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration, characterized in that, Includes the load-bearing and propulsion system and the impact source module; The carrying and propulsion system includes a propulsion mechanism for transporting the impact source module in the pre-drilled hole and a locking mechanism for fixing the impact source module in the pre-drilled hole at the excitation position. The impact source module includes an exciter, an impact rod, and an incident rod. The exciter is used to drive the impact rod to impact the incident rod, so that the incident rod receives the instantaneous impact and couples with the rock wall of the advanced borehole to generate seismic waves in the advanced borehole.

5. The seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration according to claim 4, characterized in that, The propulsion mechanism includes a hollow sleeve composed of multiple pipe segments and a propeller for driving the hollow sleeve to move along its axial direction. It also includes a roller assembly installed on the outer wall of the hollow sleeve, the roller assembly including a telescopic member that extends and retracts radially along the hollow sleeve and a support roller fixed to the telescopic end of the telescopic member.

6. The seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration according to claim 5, characterized in that, The locking mechanism includes a plurality of support arms that move radially along the hollow sleeve, and the support arms are spaced apart from the roller assembly.

7. The seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration according to claim 5, characterized in that, The impact source module includes an installation pipe section, an incident rod and an impact rod that are movably disposed within the installation pipe section, and a reset structure for resetting the incident rod. The installation pipe section is disposed within a hollow sleeve at its end and partially extends out of the hollow sleeve.

8. The seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration according to claim 4, characterized in that, The diameter and material of the incident rod and the impact rod are the same, and the length of the impact rod is less than the length of the incident rod.

9. The seismic wave advance detection device combined with geophysical exploration according to claim 4, characterized in that, The length of the impact rod is not less than 0.5 meters and not more than 3 meters; the length of the incident rod is not less than 1 meter and not more than 4 meters.

10. A seismic wave advance detection system combined with geophysical exploration, characterized in that, A method for implementing seismic wave advance detection combined with geophysical exploration as described in any one of claims 1-3, comprising: The geophysical module is used to conduct advanced drilling to form advanced boreholes and record the drilling-while-drilling parameters used during the advanced drilling process, so as to obtain the three-dimensional geological property volume of the area to be measured based on the drilling-while-drilling parameters. The detection module is used to generate seismic waves at several depths in the advanced borehole; A detector is used to receive several sets of wavefield signals after seismic waves are generated at several depths in a pre-drilled borehole. The data processing module is used to convert the three-dimensional geological attribute volume into an initial velocity model for seismic wave inversion, and to construct constraint terms based on the discrete velocity value sequence along the advanced borehole trajectory for iterative inversion, so as to minimize the difference between the wave field signal generated based on the model and the wave field signal received by the detector, wherein the discrete velocity value sequence is determined based on the drilling engineering parameters; The output module is used to determine the geological interpretation results of the area to be measured based on the iteratively optimized initial velocity model.

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