Fuel cell spraying heat dissipation system and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell spraying heat dissipation system and a control method. According to the system, a spraying module is connected with a water storage module, and the water storage module is connected with an air source module of a whole vehicle; the sensing module comprises a plurality of sensors, the control module is electrically connected with the sensing module, and a temperature control model configured by the control module receives temperature, wind speed and liquid level data monitored by the sensors, calculates the spraying amount, adjusts the opening degree of an electromagnetic valve and regulates and controls the spraying water amount. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a temperature difference value between a required pile entering temperature and an actual pile entering temperature of a pile, and judging whether a spraying starting condition is met or not; based on the temperature control model, the target spraying amount is calculated in combination with related data; and adjusting the opening of the electromagnetic valve according to the target spraying amount, and controlling the spraying amount of the nozzle. According to the invention, the total heat required to be taken away by spraying and the corresponding spraying water quantity are determined through the temperature control model, and compared with a mode of starting limited-gear spraying only according to the operating power of the fuel cell system in the prior art, the heat dissipation is finer, and more water is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fuel cell heat dissipation technology, specifically relating to a fuel cell spray heat dissipation system and control method. Background Technology

[0002] As fuel cell power increases, the issue of high heat dissipation requirements becomes increasingly prominent, reaching approximately 30% higher than traditional engines. This necessitates cooling systems with higher efficiency and performance. Currently, spray systems are commonly used for heat dissipation. The principle of spray cooling is to spray water mist onto the surface of the object being cooled through nozzles. When the droplets evaporate on the surface, they absorb heat from the surrounding environment. The transformation of water molecules from liquid to gas phase requires heat consumption, thereby lowering the surface temperature and carrying away the heat. Simultaneously, the fuel cell's thermal management system needs to precisely control the stack temperature to prevent it from becoming too high or too low, ensuring the activity of the catalyst and the stability of the proton exchange membrane. Therefore, the spray volume of the spray system needs to be precisely controlled to maximize heat dissipation efficiency.

[0003] In related technologies, such as CN114759218A, a heat dissipation control method is disclosed. This method collects and stores water generated during the operation of a fuel cell system and activates two levels of spray cooling on the radiator based on the water level and the operating power of the fuel cell system. However, the spray cannot be activated when the water level is below a preset value. Furthermore, the fuel cell engine output power is used as the criterion for spray activation. Therefore, changes in fuel cell stack efficiency, ambient temperature, vehicle speed, and wind speed significantly impact the overall temperature control strategy.

[0004] For example, CN219350274U discloses a latent heat system for a fuel cell system, including a fuel cell stack, a heat dissipation device, an anode water distributor, a water storage device, a water pump, and a nozzle. The nozzle is connected to the water storage device via the water pump. The flow rate of the water from the nozzle is adjusted by the speed of the water pump, resulting in a complex tailwater recovery device. Furthermore, the use of the water pump to adjust the spray water volume leads to high equipment costs.

[0005] In summary, existing technologies make it difficult to control the spray volume of a spray system in real time and with precision, which affects heat dissipation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fuel cell spray cooling system and control method to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0007] Therefore, the present invention provides a fuel cell spray cooling system for use in fuel cell stacks, comprising: A spray module is connected to a water storage module, which in turn is connected to the vehicle's own air source module. By adjusting the opening of the solenoid valve between the two, the spray module is controlled to spray water onto the radiator. The sensing module includes multiple sensors, which are used to monitor ambient temperature, actual feed temperature, actual discharge temperature, radiator inlet temperature, radiator outlet temperature, core wind speed, and water level in the storage module. The control module is electrically connected to the sensing module. The control module inputs the temperature, wind speed and liquid level data monitored by the sensor module into its configured temperature control model to calculate the spray volume, and adjusts the opening of the solenoid valve based on the spray volume to regulate the spray water volume.

[0008] In some embodiments, the spray module includes a spray head, the water storage module includes an anode water distributor, the anode water distributor is connected to the water storage tank and is used to collect the tailwater of the fuel cell stack into the water storage tank, and the spray head is connected to the water storage tank through a pipe; Both the anode water distributor and the water storage tank are covered with an insulation layer.

[0009] In some embodiments, the air source module includes an air tank that is integrated into the vehicle, and one end of the air tank is connected to an air compressor; The gas storage tank is connected to the water storage tank, pressurizes the water in the water storage tank, and sprays it onto the radiator through the spray head.

[0010] In some embodiments, the temperature control model includes calculating the heat gap based on the required heat dissipation and the theoretical heat dissipation, calculating the total heat that the spray cooling needs to remove based on a weighted average, calculating the theoretical evaporation based on the total heat, and mapping the corresponding spray volume based on the theoretical evaporation.

[0011] In some embodiments, the control module is configured with at least two liquid level thresholds, including a first liquid level threshold and a second liquid level threshold, wherein the first liquid level threshold is greater than the second liquid level threshold. The liquid level sensor collects the liquid level data in the water storage tank in real time and feeds it back to the control module. The control module executes corresponding liquid level protection measures based on the comparison result between the liquid level data and the liquid level threshold.

[0012] In some embodiments, the liquid level protection measures include: When the liquid level data is greater than the first liquid level threshold, the control module controls the solenoid valve to spray the full amount according to the target spray volume; When the liquid level data is greater than the second liquid level threshold and less than the first liquid level threshold, the control module controls the solenoid valve to spray according to a preset ratio of the target spray volume; When the liquid level data is less than the second liquid level threshold, the control module controls the solenoid valve to close to stop the spraying, outputs an alarm signal, and sends a power limiting command to the fuel cell system to limit the power output of the fuel cell system.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first liquid level threshold is 50% of the rated volume of the water storage device, and the second liquid level threshold is 30% of the rated volume of the water storage device; the preset ratio is 70% to 90%, and the alarm signal is an electrical signal or an audible and visual signal, used to indicate that the liquid level of the water storage device is insufficient.

[0014] On the other hand, a fuel cell spray cooling control method is also provided, applied to a fuel cell spray cooling system, including: Obtain the required loading temperature and the actual loading temperature of the fuel cell stack, and calculate the temperature difference between the two. Determine whether the temperature difference value meets the spray start-up conditions. If it does, proceed to the next step; otherwise, return to the previous step and re-detect the temperature difference value. Based on the temperature control model, the target spray volume required for spraying is calculated by combining ambient temperature, required feed temperature, actual feed temperature, actual discharge temperature, radiator inlet temperature, radiator outlet temperature, core velocity, and real-time liquid level. According to the target spray volume, the opening of the solenoid valve is adjusted, and air pressure is applied to the water storage device through the vehicle's built-in air tank to control the spray volume of the nozzle.

[0015] In some embodiments, a liquid level protection method is further included based on the real-time liquid level to adjust the matching relationship between the actual spray volume and the target spray volume.

[0016] In some embodiments, the temperature control model includes: Determine the required heat dissipation of the fuel cell stack; The theoretical heat dissipation of the radiator is calculated based on the preset formula 1; The heat gap between the required heat dissipation and the theoretical heat dissipation is calculated based on the preset formula 2. The total heat required to be removed by the spray cooling system is calculated based on the preset formula three. The theoretical evaporation water volume is calculated based on the preset formula four, and then mapped to the corresponding chart to obtain the actual spray volume.

[0017] Beneficial effects: This invention, through real-time monitoring of multiple temperature, wind speed, and liquid level data, and using a corresponding temperature control model, determines the total heat required to be removed by spray cooling, and thus determines the spray water volume. Compared to existing technologies that only activate a limited range of spray levels for radiator cooling based on the fuel cell system's operating power, this method is more precise and saves more water. Continuous adjustment of the spray level can be achieved by regulating the opening of the solenoid valve. Simultaneously, the required feed temperature of the fuel cell stack is used as the control target to avoid overcooling problems caused by poor spray level control.

[0018] This invention draws clean compressed air from the vehicle's brake air reservoir and, through a solenoid valve, directs it into a water tank to pressurize water, which is then sprayed through spray nozzles. This reduces the cost of hardware such as water pumps, utilizing only the vehicle's own brake air reservoir and air compressor. Furthermore, when the solenoid valve is open for spraying, air is drawn from the vehicle's brake air reservoir, causing the pressure inside the reservoir to drop below a constant set value. At this time, the vehicle's air compressor automatically starts to maintain the air pressure in the reservoir, ensuring no impact on the vehicle's braking strategy and guaranteeing safety and reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is an architectural diagram of the fuel cell heat dissipation system provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 A flowchart of the fuel cell heat dissipation control method provided by the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Fuel cell stack; 2. Feed temperature sensor; 3. Thermostat; 4. Radiator outlet temperature sensor; 5. Ambient temperature sensor; 6. Wind speed sensor; 7. Radiator; 8. Nozzle; 9. Radiator inlet temperature sensor; 10. PTC; 11. Water pump; 12. Feed temperature sensor; 13. Water tank; 14. Drain valve; 15. Real-time level sensor; 16. Anode distributor; 17. Tail drain pipe; 18. Solenoid valve; 19. Gas storage tank; 20. Air compressor. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The invention will be more readily understood by referring to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments and included examples. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. In case of conflict, the definitions in this specification shall prevail.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, a fuel cell spray cooling system includes: The spray module is connected to the water storage module, which in turn is connected to the vehicle's built-in air source module. By adjusting the opening of the solenoid valve 18 between the two, the spray module controls the spraying of water onto the radiator 7. The spray module includes multiple spray heads, which are positioned on one side of the radiator 7. During operation, the spray heads spray water or other media onto the core of the radiator 7, achieving uniform heat dissipation. Simultaneously, by adaptively adjusting the opening of the solenoid valve 18, the spray volume can be adjusted according to the actual heat dissipation required by the fuel cell stack 1, thereby maximizing the heat dissipation efficiency of the radiator 7. This allows the solenoid valve 18 to adaptively adjust its opening when faced with varying operating conditions, such as changes in ambient temperature and wind speed, ensuring maximum heat dissipation efficiency for the radiator 7.

[0025] To achieve adaptive adjustment under different operating conditions, the following modules need to work together, specifically including: The sensing module includes multiple sensors for monitoring ambient temperature, required feed temperature, actual feed temperature, actual discharge temperature, radiator inlet temperature, radiator outlet temperature, core airflow velocity, and water level in the storage module. In a preferred embodiment, an ambient temperature sensor 5 is placed near the radiator 7 to monitor the ambient temperature, a feed temperature sensor 2 is placed at the inlet of the fuel cell stack 1 to monitor the actual feed temperature, a discharge temperature sensor 12 is placed at the outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 to monitor the actual discharge temperature, and radiator inlet temperature sensors 9 and radiator outlet temperature sensors 4 are placed on both sides of the radiator 7 to monitor the radiator inlet temperature and radiator outlet temperature, respectively. A wind speed sensor 6 is also placed on the outlet side of the radiator 7 to monitor the core airflow velocity. A real-time water level sensor 15 is placed in the water storage tank 13 of the water storage module to monitor the water level in the water storage tank 13 to trigger subsequent water level protection mechanisms. It should be noted that the radiator 7 includes a heat sink core and a fan. The core air velocity is the air velocity passing through the heat dissipation core.

[0026] The control module is electrically connected to the sensor module. The control module inputs the temperature, wind speed and liquid level data monitored by the sensor module into its configured temperature control model for calculation. Specifically, the ambient temperature, required feed temperature, actual feed temperature, actual discharge temperature, radiator inlet temperature, radiator outlet temperature, core wind speed and water storage module liquid level are input into the temperature control model for calculation to obtain the spray volume of the spray module. Based on the spray volume, the opening of the solenoid valve 18 is adjusted through the PWM signal to regulate the actual spray volume of the spray module.

[0027] In summary, this application, through real-time monitoring of multiple temperature, wind speed, and liquid level data, and using a corresponding temperature control model, determines the total heat that the spray cooling system needs to remove, and thus determines the spray water volume. Compared to existing technologies that only activate a limited range of spray cooling levels on the radiator 7 based on the operating power of the fuel cell system, this approach is more precise and saves more water. By adjusting the opening of the solenoid valve 18, the spray level can be continuously adjusted. Simultaneously, by using the required in-stack temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 as the control target, overcooling problems caused by poor spray level control are avoided.

[0028] The sprinkler module and water storage module in this application are described in reference to [reference needed]. Figure 1 The spray module includes spray heads, while the water storage module includes an anode water distributor 16, which is connected to a water storage tank 13. The anode water distributor 16 collects the tailwater from the fuel cell stack 1 into the water storage tank 13, enabling wastewater reuse. Simultaneously, the waste heat from the tailwater discharge heats the spray water, increasing the vaporization ratio during the spraying process and further improving spray efficiency. Specifically, the spray heads are connected to the water storage tank 13 via pipes, and the water storage tank 13 serves as the water source for the spray heads. In some embodiments, both the anode water distributor 16 and the water storage tank 13 are wrapped with an insulation layer for effective heat preservation, ensuring that the tailwater discharge preheats the spray water.

[0029] In some embodiments, the air source module in this application includes an air tank 19 integrated into the vehicle. One end of the air tank 19 is connected to an air compressor 20, which is also integrated into the vehicle. The water supply from the water tank 13 to the spray nozzles in this application is completely different from the water supply via a water pump in the prior art. Instead, clean compressed air is taken from the air tank 19, i.e., the vehicle's brake air tank 19, and pressurized by the solenoid valve 18, which then enters the water tank 13 to pressurize the water, which is then sprayed through the spray nozzles. This reduces the cost of hardware such as water pumps, utilizing only the vehicle's own brake air tank 19 and air compressor 20. In addition, when the solenoid valve 18 is open for spraying, air is taken from the vehicle's brake air tank 19, and the pressure inside the brake air tank 19 will be lower than a constant set value. At this time, the vehicle's air compressor 20 automatically starts to maintain the air pressure in the air tank 19, without affecting the vehicle's braking strategy, making it safer and more reliable.

[0030] In one embodiment, the temperature control model includes calculating the heat gap based on the required heat dissipation and the theoretical heat dissipation, calculating the total heat that the spray cooling needs to remove based on a weighted average, calculating the theoretical evaporation based on the total heat, and mapping the corresponding spray volume based on the theoretical evaporation. By combining the influence of specific core wind speed and ambient temperature, the temperature control model can obtain the final spray volume. Compared to existing technologies that rely solely on the operating power of the fuel cell system to adjust the spray volume, this method offers more precise adjustment and adaptability to different operating conditions.

[0031] In one embodiment, in addition to real-time control of the spray volume, the spray cooling system also includes a liquid level protection strategy, specifically: The control module is configured with at least two liquid level thresholds, including a first liquid level threshold and a second liquid level threshold, wherein the first liquid level threshold is greater than the second liquid level threshold. The liquid level sensor collects the liquid level data in the water storage tank 13 in real time and feeds it back to the control module. The control module executes corresponding liquid level protection measures based on the comparison result between the liquid level data and the liquid level threshold. Among these measures, when the liquid level data is greater than the first liquid level threshold, the control module controls the solenoid valve 18 to spray at the target spray volume. When the liquid level data is greater than the second liquid level threshold and less than the first liquid level threshold, the control module controls the solenoid valve 18 to spray according to the preset ratio of the target spray volume. When the liquid level is lower than the second liquid level threshold, the control module controls the solenoid valve 18 to close to stop the spraying, and at the same time outputs an alarm signal and sends a power limiting command to the fuel cell system to limit the power output of the fuel cell system.

[0032] For example, the first liquid level threshold is 50% of the rated volume of the water storage device, and the second liquid level threshold is 30% of the rated volume of the water storage device; the preset ratio is 70% to 90%, and the alarm signal is an electrical signal or an audible and visual signal, used to indicate that the liquid level of the water storage device is insufficient. Specifically, the liquid level threshold can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual volume of the water storage tank 13.

[0033] By setting up a liquid level protection strategy, the normal heat dissipation spray can be prevented from being affected by insufficient water storage.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides a fuel cell spray cooling control method, applied to a fuel cell spray cooling system, comprising: Obtain the required and actual loading temperatures of fuel cell stack 1, and calculate the temperature difference between them; specifically, ΔT = T in_actual -T in_desired The temperature difference value is then input into the control module.

[0035] The control module determines whether the temperature difference value meets the spray start-up conditions. If it does, it proceeds to the next step; if it does not, it returns to the previous step to re-detect the temperature difference value. For example, the start-up conditions are ΔT ≥ 3℃ and last for 5 seconds.

[0036] Based on the temperature control model, the target spray volume required for spraying is calculated by combining the ambient temperature, required feed temperature, actual feed temperature, actual discharge temperature, radiator 7 inlet temperature, radiator 7 outlet temperature, core wind speed and real-time liquid level. According to the target spray volume, the opening of the solenoid valve 18 is adjusted, and air pressure is applied to the water storage device through the vehicle's built-in air tank 19 to control the spray volume of the nozzle 8.

[0037] The fuel cell stack 1 acquires the infeed temperature again and determines whether the required infeed temperature has been reached. If so, it proceeds to the next step; otherwise, it returns to the temperature control model.

[0038] Once the required feed temperature is reached, the temperature adjustment cycle ends, the control module sends a signal to drive the adjustment opening to a constant value, and prepares for the next temperature adjustment cycle.

[0039] In one embodiment, the temperature control model includes: Determine the required heat dissipation of fuel cell stack 1; The theoretical heat dissipation of radiator 7 is calculated based on the preset formula 1; The heat gap between the required heat dissipation and the theoretical heat dissipation is calculated based on the preset formula 2. The total heat required to be removed by the spray cooling system is calculated based on the preset formula three. The theoretical evaporation water volume is calculated based on the preset formula four, and then mapped to the corresponding chart to obtain the actual spray volume.

[0040] Specifically, determine the heat dissipation requirements of the fuel cell system. Among them, Q stack Corresponding to the system's load current, this value can be found by consulting the calibration MAP diagram of stack 1. This value represents the total heat generated by the fuel cell system under the current operating conditions that needs to be removed by the cooling system.

[0041] Determine the theoretical heat dissipation of the current radiator 7. .

[0042] The heat dissipation of radiator 7 is directly proportional to the gas-liquid temperature difference and the overall heat transfer coefficient of radiator 7.

[0043] The specific formula is: Q theory =K rad ×A×(T coolant_avg -T env )×(V air ) 0.8 in: K rad The comprehensive heat transfer coefficient of radiator 7 is the calibration value from the wind tunnel test conducted by the manufacturer of radiator 7.

[0044] A represents the effective area of ​​radiator 7.

[0045] T coolant_avg The average temperature of the coolant is the average of the current inlet temperature and outlet temperature of radiator 7.

[0046] Calculate heat dissipation gap .

[0047] The specific formula two is: Q gap =Q stack -Q theory .

[0048] Then, based on the calibration data of the cooling system of fuel cell stack 1, under each operating condition, the unit heat K that needs to be removed for every 1°C decrease in the infeed temperature is determined. f The amount of heat Q that needs to be removed to meet the actual reactor inlet temperature. feedback =ΔT*K f .

[0049] The total heat Q that the heat sink needs to remove is determined by using a weighted sum of feedforward and feedback methods. spray_req .

[0050] The specific formula three is: Q spray_req =α×Q gap +β×Q feedback .

[0051] Where α and β are weighting coefficients, calibration parameters.

[0052] Calculate the theoretical evaporation rate M evap .

[0053] The specific formula four is: M evap =Q spray_req / H evap， Among them, the latent heat of vaporization of water H evap =2257kJ / kg.

[0054] Considering the actual spray volume for spray efficiency, the spray efficiency η spray Affected by core wind speed and ambient temperature, the spray volume is: M (meters) according to the calibrated MAP chart. spray =M evap / η.

[0055] In one embodiment, a liquid level protection method based on real-time liquid level is further included to adjust the matching relationship between the actual spray volume and the target spray volume, thereby ensuring sufficient water in the water storage tank so as to ensure timely and effective spraying for heat dissipation.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell spray cooling system, characterized in that, Applications in fuel cell stacks include: A spray module is connected to a water storage module, which in turn is connected to the vehicle's own air source module. By adjusting the opening of the solenoid valve between the two, the spray module is controlled to spray water onto the radiator. The sensing module includes multiple sensors, which are used to monitor ambient temperature, actual feed temperature, actual discharge temperature, radiator inlet temperature, radiator outlet temperature, core wind speed, and water level in the storage module. The control module is electrically connected to the sensing module. The control module inputs the temperature, wind speed and liquid level data monitored by the sensor module into its configured temperature control model to calculate the spray volume, and adjusts the opening of the solenoid valve based on the spray volume to regulate the spray water volume.

2. The fuel cell spray cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spray module includes a spray head, and the water storage module includes an anode water distributor. The anode water distributor is connected to the water storage tank and is used to collect the tailwater of the fuel cell stack into the water storage tank. The spray head is connected to the water storage tank through a pipe. Both the anode water distributor and the water storage tank are covered with an insulation layer.

3. The fuel cell spray cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The air source module includes an air tank that comes with the vehicle, and one end of the air tank is connected to an air compressor; The gas storage tank is connected to the water storage tank, pressurizes the water in the water storage tank, and sprays it onto the radiator through the spray head.

4. The fuel cell spray cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control model includes calculating the heat gap based on the required heat dissipation and the theoretical heat dissipation, calculating the total heat that the spray cooling needs to remove based on weighted calculation, calculating the theoretical evaporation based on the total heat, and mapping the corresponding spray volume based on the theoretical evaporation.

5. The fuel cell spray cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control module is configured with at least two liquid level thresholds, including a first liquid level threshold and a second liquid level threshold, wherein the first liquid level threshold is greater than the second liquid level threshold. The liquid level sensor collects the liquid level data in the water storage tank in real time and feeds it back to the control module. The control module executes corresponding liquid level protection measures based on the comparison result between the liquid level data and the liquid level threshold.

6. The fuel cell spray cooling system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The liquid level protection measures include: When the liquid level data is greater than the first liquid level threshold, the control module controls the solenoid valve to spray the full amount according to the target spray volume; When the liquid level data is greater than the second liquid level threshold and less than the first liquid level threshold, the control module controls the solenoid valve to spray according to a preset ratio of the target spray volume; When the liquid level data is less than the second liquid level threshold, the control module controls the solenoid valve to close to stop the spraying, outputs an alarm signal, and sends a power limiting command to the fuel cell system to limit the power output of the fuel cell system.

7. The fuel cell spray cooling system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first liquid level threshold is 50% of the rated volume of the water storage device, and the second liquid level threshold is 30% of the rated volume of the water storage device; the preset ratio is 70% to 90%, and the alarm signal is an electrical signal or an audible and visual signal, used to indicate that the liquid level of the water storage device is insufficient.

8. A fuel cell spray heat dissipation control method, characterized in that, The fuel cell spray cooling system according to any one of claims 1-7 comprises: Obtain the required loading temperature and the actual loading temperature of the fuel cell stack, and calculate the temperature difference between the two. Determine whether the temperature difference value meets the spray start-up conditions. If it does, proceed to the next step; otherwise, return to the previous step and re-detect the temperature difference value. Based on the temperature control model, the target spray volume required for spraying is calculated by combining ambient temperature, required feed temperature, actual feed temperature, actual discharge temperature, radiator inlet temperature, radiator outlet temperature, core velocity, and real-time liquid level. Based on the target spray volume, the opening of the solenoid valve is adjusted, and air pressure is applied to the water storage device through the vehicle's built-in air tank to control the spray volume of the nozzle.

9. The fuel cell spray heat dissipation control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a liquid level protection method based on the real-time liquid level, adjusting the matching relationship between the actual spray volume and the target spray volume.

10. The fuel cell spray heat dissipation control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The temperature control model includes: Determine the required heat dissipation of the fuel cell stack; The theoretical heat dissipation of the radiator is calculated based on the preset formula 1; The heat gap between the required heat dissipation and the theoretical heat dissipation is calculated based on the preset formula 2. The total heat that the spray cooling system needs to remove is calculated based on the preset formula three. The theoretical evaporation water volume is calculated based on the preset formula four, and then mapped to the corresponding chart to obtain the actual spray volume.

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