Dual-frequency positioning antenna and wireless communication system

Abstract

This invention discloses a dual-frequency positioning antenna and a wireless communication system, relating to the field of antenna technology. The antenna includes a first radiating layer, a second radiating layer, and a metal ground layer. The first radiating layer includes at least two symmetrically arranged first edge portions, each first edge portion including two alternating non-linear structures. The two non-linear structures of the same first edge portion are interconnected and symmetrically arranged. Each first edge portion is provided with a first metal substrate. The second radiating layer is electrically connected to the first radiating layer and is disposed opposite to the first radiating layer. The first metal substrate is located between the first radiating layer and the second radiating layer, and a first dielectric layer is provided between the first metal substrate and the second radiating layer, connecting the first metal substrate and the second radiating layer. The metal ground layer is connected to the second radiating layer. The first radiating layer is provided with two feed portions electrically connected to the metal ground layer. This invention can achieve miniaturization, high gain, and low cost of the dual-frequency positioning antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a dual-frequency positioning antenna and a wireless communication system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of satellite positioning technology, antennas with low cost, low profile, high gain, and circular polarization have attracted significant attention and extensive research in various satellite positioning wireless communication systems. However, most current positioning antennas suffer from high cost, low gain, limited satellite frequency coverage, and excessively high profile, which restricts their application scenarios. As industry demands increasingly higher performance from positioning antennas, designing a positioning antenna with high gain, low cost, low profile, and coverage of multiple satellite frequencies has significant application value.

[0003] In implementing dual-band positioning antennas, a stacked structure is typically used. This increases the antenna's size, and the bottom antenna loses a significant portion of its energy due to insufficient radiation, thus negating the advantages of miniaturization and high gain. To improve gain, many current antennas use low-loss substrates, but this significantly increases the cost, hindering large-scale civilian production. Therefore, achieving miniaturization, high gain, and low cost simultaneously in dual-band positioning antennas remains a challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to propose a dual-frequency positioning antenna and wireless communication system, aiming to achieve miniaturization, high gain, and low cost of the dual-frequency positioning antenna.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a dual-frequency positioning antenna, comprising:

[0006] The first radiating layer includes at least two first edge portions, which are symmetrically arranged about the X direction and / or the Y direction. Each first edge portion includes two undulating non-linear structures. The two non-linear structures of the same first edge portion are connected to each other and are symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector of the right angle formed by the X direction and the Y direction. Each first edge portion is provided with a first metal substrate.

[0007] The second radiating layer is electrically connected to the first radiating layer and is disposed opposite to the first radiating layer along the Z direction; the area of ​​the first metal substrate is smaller than the area of ​​the first radiating layer and smaller than the area of ​​the second radiating layer; the first metal substrate is located between the first radiating layer and the second radiating layer; a first dielectric layer is provided between the first metal substrate and the second radiating layer; the first dielectric layer connects the first metal substrate and the second radiating layer.

[0008] A metallic ground layer is connected to the second radiating layer; the first radiating layer is provided with two power feeding sections, and the two power feeding sections are electrically connected to the metallic ground layer.

[0009] In one embodiment, each of the non-linear structures includes a plurality of recesses and a plurality of protrusions, the plurality of recesses and the plurality of protrusions being alternately connected;

[0010] Each of the non-linear structures has at least one first branch, which extends along the Z direction and connects to the second radiation layer; the first branches of two non-linear structures at the same first edge are symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector, the first branches of two adjacent first edges are symmetrically arranged about the X direction or the Y direction, and the first branches of two opposite first edges are symmetrically arranged about the X direction or the Y direction.

[0011] In one embodiment, each of the non-linear structures has three first branches; the three first branches of one non-linear structure at the same first edge are arranged along the X direction and spaced apart, and the three first branches of the other non-linear structure are arranged along the Y direction and spaced apart.

[0012] In one embodiment, the first radiation layer has a radiation groove at each position of the first edge portion, and at least two of the radiation grooves are symmetrically arranged about the X direction or the Y direction.

[0013] In one embodiment, each of the radiation troughs includes a first trough segment, a second trough segment, a third trough segment, a fourth trough segment, a fifth trough segment, and a sixth trough segment;

[0014] The first groove segment, the third groove segment, and the fifth groove segment extend along the X direction;

[0015] The second groove segment, the fourth groove segment, and the sixth groove segment extend along the Y direction;

[0016] The second groove segment and the fourth groove segment are arranged opposite to each other along the X direction, and the third groove segment and the fifth groove segment are arranged opposite to each other along the Y direction;

[0017] The second slot connects the first slot to the third slot, the fourth slot connects the third slot to the fifth slot, and the fifth slot connects the sixth slot.

[0018] In one embodiment, the second radiating layer includes at least two second edge portions, the number of which corresponds to the number of the first edge portions. Each second edge portion is provided with a second metal substrate. The area of ​​the second metal substrate is smaller than the area of ​​the second radiating layer and smaller than the area of ​​the metal ground layer. The second metal substrate is disposed between the second radiating layer and the metal ground layer. A second dielectric layer is provided between each second metal substrate and the metal ground layer, and the second dielectric layer connects the second metal substrate and the metal ground layer.

[0019] In one embodiment, a third dielectric layer is provided on the side of the metallic ground layer facing the second radiation layer; each second edge portion has at least one second branch, the second branch extends along the Z direction and inserts into the third dielectric layer; the second branches of two adjacent second edges portions are symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector, and the second branches of two opposite second edges portions are symmetrically arranged about the X direction or the Y direction.

[0020] In one embodiment, each of the second edge portions is provided with three second branches; the three second branches of the same second edge portion are arranged along the X direction or the Y direction and are spaced apart.

[0021] In one embodiment, the metallic substrate has an annular groove at the position corresponding to the second edge; and / or

[0022] The cross-section of the second branch is rectangular, and the metal stratum has a rectangular slot corresponding to the position of each second branch.

[0023] The present invention also proposes a wireless communication system, including the dual-frequency positioning antenna as described above.

[0024] The technical solution of this invention includes a first radiating layer comprising at least two first edge portions, which are symmetrically arranged about the X and / or Y directions. Each first edge portion includes two alternating non-linear structures. The two non-linear structures of the same first edge portion are interconnected and symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector of the right angle formed by the X and Y directions to form a tortuous current path, increasing the equivalent electrical length within a limited space, thereby supporting low-frequency resonance and achieving miniaturization. A first metal substrate is provided in each first edge portion, located between the first and second radiating layers, and connected to the second radiating layer, which is disposed opposite to it along the Z direction, via a first dielectric layer. This achieves both electrical connection between the first and second radiating layers and connection through the first dielectric layer. The ground layer provides electrical isolation and maintains the electromagnetic coupling characteristics between the two layers. By setting the area of ​​the first metal substrate to be smaller than that of the first and second radiating layers, the strong electric field overlap region between the first metal substrate and the second radiating layer is limited, reducing the equivalent dielectric constant and parasitic capacitance between the first and second radiating layers, and decreasing electromagnetic coupling losses. This helps to improve the radiation efficiency and gain in the low-frequency operating band. The ground layer is connected to the second radiating layer and electrically connected to the two feed sections of the first radiating layer, forming two independent feed paths. Combined with the symmetrical first edge, current responses with similar amplitudes and a phase difference of nearly 90 degrees are excited in the X and Y directions, achieving circularly polarized radiation while taking into account the impedance matching characteristics and radiation direction in both high and low frequency bands. Figure 1 This achieves miniaturization, high gain, and low cost of dual-frequency positioning antennas without relying on high-cost, low-loss substrates. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the dual-frequency positioning antenna provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the first radiating layer provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of an embodiment of the radiation tank provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of an embodiment of the second radiating layer provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the metallic formation provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 A plan view of an embodiment of the first radiating layer provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a planar view of an embodiment of the second radiating layer provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 A plan view of an embodiment of the metallic formation provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 A graph showing the surface current versus time T of an embodiment of the dual-frequency positioning antenna provided by the present invention at 1.176 GHz;

[0035] Figure 10 A graph showing the surface current versus time T of an embodiment of the dual-frequency positioning antenna provided by the present invention at 1.575 GHz;

[0036] Figure 11 A diagram showing the |S11| return loss parameters of an embodiment of the dual-frequency positioning antenna provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 12 Normal circular polarization gain diagram of an embodiment of the dual-frequency positioning antenna provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 13 A radiation efficiency diagram of an embodiment of the dual-frequency positioning antenna provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 14 A normal axis ratio diagram of an embodiment of the dual-frequency positioning antenna provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 15 The radiation pattern of a dual-frequency positioning antenna provided by the present invention at 1.176 GHz and Phi=0° is shown.

[0041] Figure 16 The radiation pattern of an embodiment of the dual-frequency positioning antenna provided by the present invention at 1.176 GHz and Phi=90°;

[0042] Figure 17 The radiation pattern of a dual-frequency positioning antenna provided by the present invention at 1.575 GHz and Phi=0° is shown.

[0043] Figure 18 The radiation pattern of an embodiment of the dual-frequency positioning antenna provided by the present invention at 1.575 GHz and Phi=90°;

[0044] Figure 19 The image shows the satellite carrier-to-noise ratio of an embodiment of the dual-frequency positioning antenna provided by the present invention.

[0045] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0046] 100. Dual-frequency positioning antenna; 10. First radiating layer; 11. First edge portion; 111. Non-linear structure; 1111. Recess; 1112. Protrusion; 12. First metal substrate; 13. Feed portion; 14. First branch; 101. Radiation slot; 1011. First slot segment; 1012. Second slot segment; 1013. Third slot segment; 1014. Fourth slot segment; 1015. Fifth slot segment; 1016. Sixth slot segment; 20. Second radiating layer; 21. Second edge portion; 22. Second metal substrate; 23. Second branch; 201. First opening; 30. Metal ground layer; 31. Feed point; 301. Annular slot; 302. Rectangular slot; 40. First dielectric layer; 50. Second dielectric layer; 60. Third dielectric layer; 601. Second opening.

[0047] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] With the rapid development of satellite positioning technology, antennas with low cost, low profile, high gain, and circular polarization have attracted significant attention and extensive research in various satellite positioning wireless communication systems. However, most current positioning antennas suffer from high cost, low gain, limited satellite frequency coverage, and excessively high profile, which restricts their application scenarios. As industry demands increasingly higher performance from positioning antennas, designing a positioning antenna with high gain, low cost, low profile, and coverage of multiple satellite frequencies has significant application value.

[0050] In implementing dual-band positioning antennas, a stacked structure is typically used. This increases the antenna's size, and the bottom antenna loses a significant portion of its energy due to insufficient radiation, thus negating the advantages of miniaturization and high gain. To improve gain, many current antennas use low-loss substrates, but this significantly increases the cost, hindering civilian industrial production. Therefore, achieving miniaturization, high gain, and low cost simultaneously in dual-band positioning antennas remains a challenge.

[0051] Therefore, this invention proposes a dual-frequency positioning antenna 100, aiming to achieve miniaturization, high gain and low cost of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100.

[0052] Please see Figures 1 to 5 In one embodiment of the present invention, the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 includes:

[0053] The first radiating layer 10 includes at least two first edge portions 11, which are symmetrically arranged about the X direction and / or the Y direction. Each first edge portion 11 includes two undulating non-linear structures 111. The two non-linear structures 111 of the same first edge portion 11 are connected to each other and are symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector of the right angle formed by the X direction and the Y direction. Each first edge portion 11 is provided with a first metal substrate 12.

[0054] The second radiating layer 20 is electrically connected to the first radiating layer 10 and is disposed opposite to the first radiating layer 10 along the Z direction; the area of ​​the first metal substrate 12 is smaller than the area of ​​the first radiating layer 10 and smaller than the area of ​​the second radiating layer 20, the first metal substrate 12 is located between the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20, and a first dielectric layer 40 is provided between the first metal substrate 12 and the second radiating layer 20, the first dielectric layer 40 connecting the first metal substrate 12 and the second radiating layer 20;

[0055] The metal ground layer 30 is connected to the second radiation layer 20; the first radiation layer 10 is provided with two power feeding parts 13, which are electrically connected to the metal ground layer 30.

[0056] In this embodiment, the first radiating layer 10, the second radiating layer 20, and the metal ground layer 30 are spaced apart and opposite to each other along the Z direction. The first radiating layer 10 is connected to the second radiating layer 20, and the second radiating layer 20 is connected to the metal ground layer 30, thereby forming an integral structure in which the first radiating layer 10, the second radiating layer 20, and the metal ground layer 30 are arranged sequentially along the Z direction and electrically connected. The first radiating layer 10 provides the current path required for low-frequency radiation through at least two first edge portions 11 and their included undulating non-linear structures 111. The second radiating layer 20 participates in high-frequency radiation by being electrically connected to the first radiating layer 10 and supported by the first metal substrate 12 and the first dielectric layer 40. The metal ground layer 30 provides a ground reference for the entire dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 by being connected to the second radiating layer 20, and establishes an electrical connection with the two feed portions 13 to complete the feed loop.

[0057] The first radiation layer 10 includes at least two first edge portions 11. These at least two first edge portions 11 can be symmetrically arranged only about the X direction, or only about the Y direction, or even symmetrically arranged about both the X and Y directions simultaneously. By setting symmetrical first edge portions 11, in the case of dual-frequency feeding, the current excited by the two feed portions 13 can be distributed along a symmetrical path in the first radiation layer 10. This helps to form current responses with similar amplitudes and a phase difference of nearly ninety degrees in the X and Y directions, thereby exciting cross-polarized X and Y-polarized electromagnetic waves, achieving circular polarization. It also helps to maintain the radiation direction in low-frequency resonant modes and high-frequency resonant modes. Figure 1 This improves the consistency and enhances the impedance matching stability of dual-band operation. Furthermore, since each first edge portion 11 includes two alternating non-linear structures 111, and the two non-linear structures 111 of the same first edge portion 11 are interconnected and symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector of the right angle formed by the X and Y directions, the symmetrical current excitation characteristics in the X and Y directions are further enhanced, which is beneficial to improving the stability of circular polarization performance and radiation efficiency.

[0058] Each first edge portion 11 includes two alternating non-linear structures 111. These two interconnected non-linear structures 111, symmetrically arranged about the angle bisectors of the right angles formed by the X and Y directions, together form a tortuous current path. This current path is distributed along a symmetrical geometric configuration within the first radiating layer 10 and is excited through the electrical connection between the two feed portions 13 and the metallic ground layer 30, thereby supporting the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 to achieve the required low-frequency resonant mode within a limited physical size. When the physical size of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 is limited, the alternating non-linear structures 111 effectively lengthen the current path within a limited space, increasing the equivalent electrical length and thus meeting the electrical size requirements of the target frequency band without increasing the overall volume. Since the resonant frequency of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 is closely related to its electrical length, traditional straight-plate structures require larger physical dimensions to achieve low-frequency resonance. However, the current path formed by non-linear structures can achieve the same electrical length within a smaller physical area, thereby reducing the overall profile and footprint of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100.

[0059] The first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20 need to be electrically connected to support the dual-frequency radiation function. There are many ways to achieve the connection between the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20. In this embodiment, each first edge portion 11 is provided with a first metal substrate 12, which is located between the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20. The first metal substrate 12 is used to connect the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20. To isolate the first metal substrate 12 and the second radiating layer 20, a first dielectric layer 40 is provided between the first metal substrate 12 and the second radiating layer 20. The first dielectric layer 40 is used to connect the first metal substrate 12 and the second radiating layer 20, while providing electrical isolation to avoid direct conduction and maintaining the electromagnetic coupling characteristics between the first metal substrate 12 and the second radiating layer 20. At the same time, using multiple first metal substrates 12 to connect the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20 can achieve multi-point support between the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20, improving the mechanical stability and assembly consistency of the overall structure of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100.

[0060] The area of ​​the first metal substrate 12 is smaller than the area of ​​the first radiating layer 10 and smaller than the area of ​​the second radiating layer 20, so that the first metal substrate 12 does not cover the entire range of the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20 in the projection area along the Z direction. This reduces the equivalent dielectric constant and parasitic capacitance between the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20, and reduces the electromagnetic coupling loss between the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20, thereby improving the radiation efficiency and gain of the low-frequency operating band in the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100.

[0061] In summary, the technical solution of the present invention includes at least two first edge portions 11 in the first radiating layer 10. These at least two first edge portions 11 are symmetrically arranged about the X and / or Y directions. Each first edge portion 11 includes two alternating non-linear structures 111. The two non-linear structures 111 of the same first edge portion 11 are interconnected and symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector of the right angle formed by the X and Y directions, thus forming a tortuous current path. This increases the equivalent electrical length within a limited space, thereby supporting low-frequency resonance and achieving miniaturization. Furthermore, each first edge portion 11 is provided with a first metal substrate 12, which is located between the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20, and connected to the second radiating layer 20, which is positioned opposite to it along the Z direction, via a first dielectric layer 40, thus achieving electrical connection between the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20. The first dielectric layer 40 provides electrical isolation and maintains the electromagnetic coupling characteristics between the two layers. By setting the area of ​​the first metal substrate 12 to be smaller than that of the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20, the strong electric field overlap region between the first metal substrate 12 and the second radiating layer 20 is limited, reducing the equivalent dielectric constant and parasitic capacitance between the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20, and reducing electromagnetic coupling loss, thereby helping to improve the radiation efficiency and gain in the low-frequency operating band. The metal ground layer 30 is connected to the second radiating layer 20 and electrically connected to the two feed sections 13 of the first radiating layer 10, forming two independent feed paths. Combined with the symmetrical first edge section 11, current responses with similar amplitudes and phase differences of nearly ninety degrees are excited in the X and Y directions, realizing circularly polarized radiation, while taking into account the impedance matching characteristics and radiation direction in both high and low frequency bands. Figure 1 This achieves miniaturization, high gain, and low cost of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 without relying on high-cost, low-loss substrates.

[0062] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in one embodiment, four first edge portions 11 are provided, arranged in two rows along the X direction and in two columns along the Y direction. Each row contains two first edge portions 11 and is symmetrically arranged about the Y direction. Each column contains two first edge portions 11 and is symmetrically arranged about the X direction.

[0063] In this embodiment, the four first edge portions 11 are arranged in a double symmetrical layout about the X and Y directions, so that the first radiation layer 10 has structural symmetry in both the X and Y directions. This symmetrical layout helps to form a balanced current distribution under dual-frequency feeding excitation, thereby generating a current response with similar amplitude and a phase difference of nearly ninety degrees in the X and Y directions, supporting circularly polarized radiation.

[0064] Meanwhile, each first edge portion 11 includes two undulating non-linear structures 111. The two non-linear structures 111 of the same first edge portion 11 are connected to each other and symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector of the right angle formed by the X and Y directions, which further enhances the local symmetry and the tortuous extension characteristics of the current path, which is beneficial to achieving the equivalent electrical length required for low-frequency resonance within a compact size.

[0065] In addition, each first edge portion 11 is provided with a first metal substrate 12. The four first metal substrates 12 are respectively located at the corresponding four first edge portions 11 and are located between the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20. They are connected to the second radiating layer 20 through their respective first dielectric layers 40. While realizing the electrical connection between the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20, the electromagnetic coupling characteristics between the two are maintained and electrical isolation is provided. Together with the connection between the metal ground layer 30 and the second radiating layer 20 and the electrical connection between the two feed portions 13 of the first radiating layer 10 and the metal ground layer 30, two independent feed paths are constructed, so that the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 can maintain a low profile structure while taking into account the radiation efficiency and impedance matching characteristics of high and low frequency bands.

[0066] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in one embodiment, each non-linear structure 111 includes a plurality of recesses 1111 and a plurality of protrusions 1112, with the plurality of recesses 1111 and the plurality of protrusions 1112 alternately connected.

[0067] In this embodiment, the alternating connection of multiple recesses 1111 and multiple protrusions 1112 gives each non-linear structure 111 a continuously undulating geometric shape, thereby further extending the actual current flow path within the first edge portion 11. The top platform of each protrusion 1112 and the bottom platform of each recess 1111 are parallel to each other along the X and / or Y directions, and the protrusions 1112 and recesses 1111 are connected by a vertical sidewall transition. This allows the current to undergo multiple directional changes when flowing through the non-linear structure 111, effectively increasing the equivalent electrical length without significantly increasing the overall physical size of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100.

[0068] Furthermore, since the two non-linear structures 111 of the same first edge portion 11 are connected to each other and are symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector of the right angle formed by the X and Y directions, the tortuous path formed by the concave portion 1111 and the convex portion 1112, under the symmetrical layout, helps to form a current response with similar amplitude and a phase difference of nearly ninety degrees in the X and Y directions, thereby enhancing the circular polarization performance of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100.

[0069] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, in one embodiment, each non-linear structure 111 has at least one first branch 14, which extends along the Z direction and is connected to the second radiation layer 20; the first branches 14 of the two non-linear structures 111 of the same first edge portion 11 are symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector, the first branches 14 of two adjacent first edge portions 11 are symmetrically arranged about the X direction or the Y direction, and the first branches 14 of two opposite first edge portions 11 are symmetrically arranged about the X direction or the Y direction.

[0070] In this embodiment, the first branch 14 extends from the non-linear structure 111 of the first radiating layer 10 along the Z direction to the second radiating layer 20, forming a conductive path connecting the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20. A vertical current path is introduced on the basis of the original planar tortuous path, thereby further increasing the total length of the current path, which helps to improve the equivalent electrical length of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100, realize the effective electrical size required for low-frequency resonance, and at the same time maintain the miniaturization of the overall structure.

[0071] The first branches 14 of the two non-linear structures 111 of the same first edge portion 11 are symmetrical about the angle bisector. The first branches 14 of two adjacent first edge portions 11 are symmetrical about the X or Y direction, and the first branches 14 of two oppositely arranged first edge portions 11 also maintain a symmetrical relationship about the X or Y direction. This multi-level symmetrical layout not only strengthens the geometric consistency of the overall structure of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 in the X and Y directions, but also enables the current to form a multi-path excitation between the first radiation layer 10 and the second radiation layer 20 through multiple symmetrically distributed first branches 14. This is beneficial to achieve more sufficient current distribution control within a limited volume, thereby enhancing the low-frequency resonance capability, improving the high-frequency coupling efficiency, and helping to maintain current response characteristics with similar amplitude and a phase difference of nearly ninety degrees in the X and Y directions. This supports circularly polarized radiation and improves the impedance matching performance of high and low frequency bands.

[0072] The following description refers to the case where four first edge portions 11 are provided in the above embodiments. The first branches 14 of two non-linear structures 111 of the same first edge portion 11 are symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector; the first branches 14 of two adjacent first edge portions 11 in the same row are symmetrically arranged about the Y direction; and the first branches 14 of two adjacent first edge portions 11 in the same column are symmetrically arranged about the X direction. Two first edge portions 11 opposite each other along the X direction are symmetrically arranged about the Y direction, and two first edge portions 11 opposite each other along the Y direction are symmetrically arranged about the X direction. This four-point symmetrical configuration allows the multiple first branches 14 corresponding to the four first edge portions 11 to form a regular and balanced three-dimensional conductive network in space. This network supports the electrical connection between the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20, and coordinates the current excitation modes of high and low frequency bands through its symmetry. Thus, without relying on high-cost materials, it achieves miniaturization, high gain, and dual-frequency circular polarization performance.

[0073] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in one embodiment, each straight structure has three first branches 14; the three first branches 14 of one of the non-straight structures 111 of the same first edge portion 11 are arranged along the X direction and spaced apart, and the three first branches 14 of the other non-straight structure 111 are arranged along the Y direction and spaced apart.

[0074] In this embodiment, by arranging three spaced first branches 14 along the X and Y directions on each non-linear structure 111, the conductive paths extending from the first radiation layer 10 to the second radiation layer 20 are orthogonally distributed in space. This not only enhances the multi-point electrical connection between the first radiation layer 10 and the second radiation layer 20, but also further enriches the flow path of current in three-dimensional space.

[0075] The orthogonally arranged first branch 14, in conjunction with the symmetrical arrangement of the two non-linear structures 111 in the first radiating layer 10 about the angle bisectors of the right angle formed by the X and Y directions, allows current to flow into the second radiating layer 20 through the first branch 14 with different orientations in the X and Y directions. This helps to form current responses with similar amplitudes and a phase difference of nearly 90 degrees in the two orthogonal directions. Combined with the symmetrical arrangement of the first branch 14, including the symmetry of two sets of first branches 14 within the same first edge portion 11 about the angle bisector, the symmetry between adjacent first edge portions 11 about the X or Y direction, and the symmetry between corresponding directions between relative first edge portions 11, the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 can maintain good radiation direction under high and low frequency excitation. Figure 1 Consistency and impedance matching characteristics.

[0076] The following description is based on the case where four first edge portions 11 are provided in the above embodiment. The four first edge portions 11 are respectively located in an array of two rows and two columns. Each first edge portion 11 includes two non-linear structures 111. Three first branches 14 on one non-linear structure 111 are arranged at intervals along the X direction, and three first branches 14 on the other non-linear structure 111 are arranged at intervals along the Y direction. The two sets of first branches 14 of the same first edge portion 11 are symmetrical about the angle bisector. The first branches 14 of two adjacent first edge portions 11 in the same row are symmetrical about the Y direction, and the first branches 14 of two adjacent first edge portions 11 in the same column are symmetrical about the X direction. The first branches 14 of two first edge portions 11 opposite each other along the X direction are symmetrical about the Y direction, and the first branches 14 of two first edge portions 11 opposite each other along the Y direction are symmetrical about the X direction. Thus, the twenty-four first branches 14 (each first edge portion 11 contains six, for a total of four first edge portions 11) form a regular, balanced, and multi-symmetric conductive network in three-dimensional space. This ensures a stable electrical connection and mechanical support between the first radiating layer 10 and the second radiating layer 20, and optimizes the current distribution characteristics of high and low frequency bands through directional arrangement and symmetrical excitation. In this way, without relying on high-cost, low-loss materials, the miniaturization, high gain, and circular polarization performance of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 are effectively achieved.

[0077] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in one embodiment, the first radiation layer 10 is provided with a radiation groove 101 corresponding to the position of each first edge portion 11, and at least two radiation grooves 101 are symmetrically arranged about the X direction or the Y direction.

[0078] In this embodiment, the radiating slot 101 is located in the first radiating layer 10 at a position corresponding to each first edge portion 11. Its introduction forces the current to bypass the edge of the radiating slot 101, thereby changing the original current path and effectively extending the actual flow length of the current in the first radiating layer 10. This path extension effect helps to increase the equivalent electrical length of the first radiating layer 10, causing the resonant frequency of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 to shift to a lower frequency band. This meets the low-frequency operation requirements without increasing the overall physical size, thereby supporting the miniaturization design of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100.

[0079] Meanwhile, since at least two radiation slots 101 are symmetrically arranged about the X or Y direction, this symmetrical arrangement is coordinated with the symmetrical arrangement of the first edge portion 11 itself about the X and / or Y direction, and the symmetrical arrangement of the two non-linear structures 111 in each first edge portion 11 about the angle bisector of the right angle formed by the X and Y directions. This helps to maintain the balance of current distribution in the X and Y directions, providing a structural basis for achieving orthogonal current responses with similar amplitudes and a phase difference of nearly ninety degrees, thereby assisting in the formation of circularly polarized radiation characteristics.

[0080] The following description is based on the case where four first edge portions 11 are provided in the above embodiment. The four first edge portions 11 are respectively located in an array of two rows and two columns. Each first edge portion 11 corresponds to a radiation slot 101. The four radiation slots 101 are arranged in two rows along the X direction and in two columns along the Y direction. The two radiation slots 101 in each row are symmetrically arranged about the Y direction, and the two radiation slots 101 in each column are symmetrically arranged about the X direction, forming a double symmetrical layout about the X and Y directions.

[0081] The arrangement of the radiating slots 101 is consistent with the symmetrical configuration of the four first edge portions 11. This not only enhances the geometric and electromagnetic symmetry of the first radiating layer 10 in the orthogonal direction, but also ensures that the disturbance of the current path by each radiating slot 101 is symmetrically distributed in the X and Y directions. This maintains the balance of excitation in the two orthogonal directions when the current passes around the edge of the radiating slot 101, further improving the circular polarization purity and radiation efficiency of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 in the high and low frequency bands.

[0082] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in one embodiment, each radiation slot 101 includes a first slot segment 1011, a second slot segment 1012, a third slot segment 1013, a fourth slot segment 1014, a fifth slot segment 1015, and a sixth slot segment 1016.

[0083] The first groove segment 1011, the third groove segment 1013, and the fifth groove segment 1015 extend along the X direction;

[0084] The second groove segment 1012, the fourth groove segment 1014, and the sixth groove segment 1016 extend along the Y direction;

[0085] The second slot 1012 and the fourth slot 1014 are arranged opposite each other along the X direction, and the third slot 1013 and the fifth slot 1015 are arranged opposite each other along the Y direction.

[0086] The second slot 1012 connects the first slot 1011 and the third slot 1013, the fourth slot 1014 connects the third slot 1013 and the fifth slot 1015, and the fifth slot 1015 connects the sixth slot 1016.

[0087] In this embodiment, since the first slot segment 1011, the third slot segment 1013, and the fifth slot segment 1015 extend along the X direction, while the second slot segment 1012, the fourth slot segment 1014, and the sixth slot segment 1016 extend along the Y direction, the orthogonal connection between the slot segments causes the current to alternately turn in the X and Y directions, further enhancing the tortuosity of the current path and effectively extending the actual flow length of the current in the first radiation layer 10, thereby increasing the equivalent electrical length to support low-frequency resonance. Simultaneously, the second slot segment 1012 and the fourth slot segment 1014 are arranged opposite each other along the X direction, and the third slot segment 1013 and the fifth slot segment 1015 are arranged opposite each other along the Y direction, forming spaced transverse channels in the X direction and spaced longitudinal channels in the Y direction within the radiation slot 101. This relative arrangement helps guide the current locally. The region follows a specific path to avoid excessive concentration of current in a single direction, thereby improving the uniformity of current distribution. With at least two radiating slots 101 symmetrically arranged about the X or Y direction, the orthogonal interconnected structure of the first slot segment 1011, second slot segment 1012, third slot segment 1013, fourth slot segment 1014, fifth slot segment 1015 and sixth slot segment 1016 contained in each radiating slot 101 works in conjunction with the symmetrical layout of the overall radiating slot array 101. This allows at least two radiating slots 101 to jointly form a current disturbance network with directional balance and spatial regularity in the first radiation layer 10. This not only maintains the balance characteristics of current excitation in the X and Y directions, but also further enhances the ability of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 to achieve circular polarization radiation within a limited physical size and the radiation efficiency of the high and low frequency bands.

[0088] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in one embodiment, the second radiating layer 20 includes at least two second edge portions 21, the number of second edge portions 21 corresponding to the number of first edge portions 11, each second edge portion 21 is provided with a second metal substrate 22, the area of ​​the second metal substrate 22 is smaller than the area of ​​the second radiating layer 20 and smaller than the area of ​​the metal ground layer 30, the second metal substrate 22 is disposed between the second radiating layer 20 and the metal ground layer 30, and a second dielectric layer 50 is provided between each second metal substrate 22 and the metal ground layer 30, the second dielectric layer 50 connecting the second metal substrate 22 and the metal ground layer 30.

[0089] In this embodiment, the second metal substrate 22 is located between the second radiating layer 20 and the metal ground layer 30, serving to connect the second radiating layer 20 and the metal ground layer 30. The second dielectric layer 50 is disposed between the second metal substrate 22 and the metal ground layer 30, achieving both physical connection between the second metal substrate 22 and the metal ground layer 30 and providing electrical isolation to prevent direct conduction, while maintaining the electromagnetic coupling characteristics between the second metal substrate 22 and the metal ground layer 30. Simultaneously, since the area of ​​the second metal substrate 22 is smaller than the area of ​​the second radiating layer 20 and the metal ground layer 30, the projection area of ​​the second metal substrate 22 along the Z direction does not cover the entire range of the second radiating layer 20 and the metal ground layer 30. By controlling the equivalent dielectric constant and equivalent tangent loss between the second radiating layer 20 and the metal ground layer 30, the dielectric loss in the low-frequency band can be further reduced without increasing the volume of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100, thereby improving the radiation efficiency and gain in the low-frequency band. Compared with traditional positioning antennas, this achieves the technical effects of lightweight and high gain.

[0090] The following description is based on the case where four first edge portions 11 are provided in the above embodiment. The second radiating layer 20 correspondingly includes four second edge portions 21, which are disposed in a one-to-one correspondence with the four first edge portions 11. Each second edge portion 21 is provided with a second metal substrate 22. The four second metal substrates 22 are respectively located at the corresponding second edge portion 21 and are situated between the second radiating layer 20 and the metal ground layer 30, and are connected to the metal ground layer 30 through their respective corresponding second dielectric layers 50.

[0091] This configuration creates a multi-point support structure between the second radiating layer 20 and the metal ground layer 30, which not only enhances the overall mechanical stability of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100, but also further optimizes the impedance matching and radiation performance in the low-frequency band by limiting the strong electric field overlap area between the second metal substrate 22 and the metal ground layer 30. At the same time, it forms a symmetrical layout with the connection structure composed of the first metal substrate 12 and the first dielectric layer 40 in the first radiating layer 10, which together support the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 to achieve high gain, miniaturization and dual-frequency circular polarization radiation characteristics in a compact structure.

[0092] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in one embodiment, a third dielectric layer 60 is provided on the side of the metal ground layer 30 facing the second radiation layer 20; each second edge portion 21 is provided with at least one second branch 23, the second branch 23 extends along the Z direction and is inserted into the third dielectric layer 60; the second branches 23 of two adjacent second edge portions 21 are symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector, and the second branches 23 of two opposite second edge portions 21 are symmetrically arranged about the X direction or the Y direction.

[0093] In this embodiment, the second branch 23 extends from the second edge 21 of the second radiating layer 20 along the Z direction and inserts into the third dielectric layer 60 on one side of the metal ground layer 30. This can extend the current flow path in the low-frequency band without reducing the radiation efficiency and gain of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100, effectively increasing the inductance value in the low-frequency resonant circuit, causing the low-frequency resonant frequency to shift towards the low-frequency direction. Under the premise of meeting the target operating frequency band, the physical size of the second radiating layer 20 is reduced, realizing the miniaturization design of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100.

[0094] Meanwhile, the second branch 23 forms a stable mechanical fixation and electrical connection path with the metal ground layer 30 by inserting the third dielectric layer 60, and together with the support structure formed by the second metal substrate 22 and the second dielectric layer 50, it enhances the reliability of the multi-point connection between the second radiation layer 20 and the metal ground layer 30.

[0095] The second branch 23 of the adjacent second edge portion 21 is symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector of the right angle formed by the X and Y directions. The second branch 23 of the relative second edge portion 21 is symmetrically arranged about the X or Y direction, so that the current is distributed along multiple symmetrical paths between the second radiation layer 20 and the metal ground layer 30. This helps to maintain the similar amplitude of the current response in the X and Y directions and the phase difference close to ninety degrees, further supporting the circularly polarized radiation characteristics.

[0096] The following description is based on the case where four first edge portions 11 are provided in the above embodiment. The second radiation layer 20 correspondingly includes four second edge portions 21, which correspond one-to-one with the four first edge portions 11. Each second edge portion 21 has at least one second branch 23. The second branches 23 of the four second edge portions 21 are arranged in at least one row along the X direction and in at least one column along the Y direction. The second branches 23 of two second edge portions 21 in the same row are symmetrically arranged about the Y direction, and the second branches 23 of two second edge portions 21 in the same column are symmetrically arranged about the X direction. The second branches 23 of two adjacent second edge portions 21 are symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector of the right angle formed by the X and Y directions.

[0097] This layout enables all the second branches 23 to form a conductive network with multiple symmetries in three-dimensional space. This not only enhances the structural stability and electrical connection consistency between the second radiating layer 20 and the metal ground layer 30, but also, through the synergistic effect of angle bisector symmetry and coordinate axis symmetry, ensures that the current is evenly distributed in the X and Y directions under low-frequency excitation. This effectively improves the circular polarization purity and low-frequency radiation efficiency of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 in a compact structure.

[0098] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, in one embodiment, each second edge portion 21 is provided with three second branches 23; the three second branches 23 of the same second edge portion 21 are arranged along the X direction or the Y direction and are spaced apart.

[0099] In this embodiment, by providing three second branches 23 spaced apart along the X or Y direction on each second edge portion 21, the vertical conductive path extending from the second radiation layer 20 to the metal ground layer 30 forms a linear array in a local area. This not only enhances the multi-point electrical connection density between the second radiation layer 20 and the metal ground layer 30, but also further extends the flow path of low-frequency current in the Z direction, which helps to improve the equivalent electrical length and optimize the low-frequency resonance characteristics. At the same time, this linear arrangement is coordinated with the symmetrical arrangement of adjacent and opposite second edge portions 21 about the angle bisector, X direction or Y direction, so that each second branch 23 maintains directional consistency and spatial balance in the overall structure, which is conducive to forming a symmetrical current excitation distribution in the X and Y directions, thereby helping to maintain the orthogonal current response required for circular polarization.

[0100] The following description is based on the case where four first edge portions 11 are provided in the above embodiment. The second radiation layer 20 includes four second edge portions 21, each of which has three second branches 23. The second branches 23 of the four second edge portions 21 are arranged in three rows along the X direction and in three columns along the Y direction. The second branches 23 of two second edge portions 21 in the same row are symmetrically arranged about the Y direction, and the second branches 23 of two second edge portions 21 in the same column are symmetrically arranged about the X direction. Furthermore, the second branches 23 of any two adjacent second edge portions 21 are symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector of the right angle formed by the X and Y directions.

[0101] Thus, the twelve second branches 23 construct a three-dimensional conductive network with directionality, spacing and multiple symmetries between the second radiation layer 20 and the metal ground layer 30. While providing reliable mechanical support, they regulate the distribution of low-frequency current paths, further improving the low-frequency radiation efficiency and circular polarization performance of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 under a miniaturized structure.

[0102] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in one embodiment, the metal ground layer 30 is provided with two feed points 31, the second radiation layer 20 is provided with two first openings 201, the third dielectric layer 60 is provided with two second openings 601, and the two feed parts 13 extend one-to-one along the Z direction and pass through the two first openings 201 and the two second openings 601, and are electrically connected to the two feed points 31.

[0103] In this embodiment, two feed sections 13 extend vertically from the first radiating layer 10 along the Z direction, sequentially passing through two first openings 201 on the second radiating layer 20 and two second openings 601 on the third dielectric layer 60, and finally establishing an electrical connection with two feed points 31 on the metal ground layer 30, thereby forming two independent feed paths. This structure allows the feed signal to be directly conducted from the first radiating layer 10 to the metal ground layer 30, avoiding the introduction of additional conductive paths or coupling elements in the second radiating layer 20 and the third dielectric layer 60, which simplifies the overall structure and reduces the loss of high-frequency signals during transmission.

[0104] Meanwhile, the positions of the two first openings 201 and the two second openings 601 are aligned with the two feed sections 13 and the two feed points 31, respectively, to ensure that the feed path remains straight in the Z direction, which helps to maintain the consistency of the feed phase and supports the two feed paths to excite different current distribution modes in the first radiation layer 10, thereby exciting two resonant frequencies.

[0105] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in one embodiment, the metal substrate 30 is provided with an annular groove 301 at the position corresponding to the second edge.

[0106] In this embodiment, an annular groove 301 is formed in the metal ground layer 30 at the position corresponding to the second edge portion 21, so that the metal ground layer 30 forms a defective ground structure. This defective ground structure can disturb the current distribution on the surface of the low-frequency metal ground layer 30, guide the low-frequency current to avoid the annular groove 301 area and redistribute it, making it more concentrated in the area below the second radiation layer 20 and around the second branch 23, thereby enhancing the ability of low-frequency electric field energy to radiate into free space.

[0107] Since the annular groove 301 only locally modifies the conductivity continuity of the metal ground layer 30 and does not significantly change the current return path in the high-frequency band, it effectively improves the radiation efficiency and gain in the low-frequency band without adversely affecting the performance of the high-frequency band.

[0108] Simulation and test results show that the annular groove 301 improves the low-frequency radiation efficiency by about 8%, the gain by about 1.6 dBic, and expands the gain bandwidth of the low-frequency band, giving the present invention the technical advantages of high gain, high radiation efficiency and wide gain bandwidth compared with traditional positioning antennas.

[0109] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in one embodiment, the cross-section of the second branch 23 is rectangular, and the metal layer 30 is provided with a rectangular slot 302 corresponding to the position of each second branch 23.

[0110] In this embodiment, the metal layer 30 is provided with a rectangular slot 302 corresponding to each second branch 23. The shape of the rectangular slot 302 is adapted to the cross-section of the second branch 23, and the rectangular slot 302 does not directly contact the second branch 23 of the second radiation layer 20. The two are physically isolated by the third dielectric layer 60.

[0111] In the above embodiments, each second edge portion 21 has three second branches 23, and the second radiating layer 20 includes four second edge portions 21 in total. Correspondingly, twelve rectangular slots 302 are provided on the metal ground layer 30. These twelve rectangular slots 302 form a localized opening structure in the metal ground layer 30, which can disturb the current path on the surface of the low-frequency metal ground layer 30. This causes the low-frequency current to bypass the edges of the rectangular slots 302 and redistribute to the area around the second branches 23, thereby enhancing the coupling efficiency of the low-frequency electric field energy to free space. This structure effectively improves the radiation efficiency and gain of the low-frequency band while maintaining the high-frequency current return path largely unaffected, and expands the gain bandwidth of the low-frequency band, enabling the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 to balance high and low-frequency performance within a compact size.

[0112] Figure 6 This is a flattened view of the first radiating layer 10 of the present invention, wherein L1=33mm, L2=6mm, L3=12.5mm, L4=3mm, L5=5mm, Ls1=3mm, Ls2=4mm, Ls3=6mm, W1=33mm, W2=4mm, W3=2mm, W4=1mm, W5=6mm, Ws1=1mm, g1=3mm, g2=2mm, g3=2mm, and h1=3mm. Figure 7 This is a flattened view of the second radiating layer 20 of the present invention, wherein L6=45mm, L7=6mm, L8=8mm, L9=4mm, L10=6mm, W6=45mm, W7=5.8mm, W8=3mm, W9=2.5mm, g4=5mm, g5=9mm, and h2=5.5mm. Figure 8This is a planar view of the metal ground layer 30 of the present invention, where Lg=70mm, Wg=70mm, S1=37.2mm, S2=68.2mm, and S3=72.2mm. These geometric parameters collectively define the structural layout and dimensional relationships of each functional layer of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100. The first radiating layer 10 effectively controls the current path in the 1.575GHz high-frequency band through a radiating groove 101 formed by a non-linear first edge portion 11 and a three-dimensionally orthogonally extended first branch 14. The second radiating layer 20 has four second edge portions 21, each containing three second branches 23, used to guide the surface current in the 1.176GHz low-frequency band to distribute along the outer edge. The metal ground layer 30 forms an annular groove 301 at the position corresponding to the second edge portion 21, and a rectangular groove is set directly below each second branch 23. A shaped gap 302 is formed to create local disturbances to optimize the low-frequency current return path; the third dielectric layer 60 is located between the metal ground layer 30 and the second radiation layer 20, providing insertion space for the second branch 23 and maintaining interlayer electrical isolation; the two feed sections 13 pass through the first opening 201 of the second radiation layer 20 and the second opening 601 of the third dielectric layer 60 in sequence from the first radiation layer 10 along the Z direction, and finally connect to the two feed points on the metal ground layer 30, forming two symmetrical and independent feed paths to support dual-band right-hand circularly polarized radiation.

[0113] Figure 9 and Figure 10 This is a surface current distribution diagram of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 of the present invention. (See diagram below.) Figure 9 As shown, this is a surface current diagram of the second radiating layer 20 at a frequency of 1.176 GHz. Viewed from the normal axis, the current direction rotates counterclockwise with time. According to the right-hand rule, the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 radiates right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves along the normal direction at this frequency. The current mainly concentrates in the edge region of the second radiating layer 20 and flows towards the four corners. This distribution characteristic is closely related to the structure of the second branch 23 extending along the Z direction and inserting into the third dielectric layer 60. The second branch 23 guides and extends the low-frequency current path, effectively distributing the current at the outer edge of the second radiating layer 20, thereby improving the radiation efficiency in the low-frequency band. Similarly, Figure 10 The diagram shows the surface current of the first radiating layer 10 at a frequency of 1.575 GHz. The current flow also exhibits a counter-clockwise rotation along the normal line of sight, indicating that this frequency also radiates right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. Compared to the low-frequency band, the surface current energy in the high-frequency band is more concentrated and has a higher amplitude. Its miniaturization effect is achieved by the tortuous path of the radiating slot 101 in the first radiating layer 10 and the orthogonal extension of the first branch 14 in three-dimensional space. These two elements synergistically extend the effective electrical length of the high-frequency current while maintaining a compact physical size.

[0114] Figure 11 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 and Figure 14 The simulation and measured results of the return loss, gain, radiation efficiency and axial ratio of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 of the present invention are respectively presented.

[0115] Figure 11 The results show that the return loss of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 of the present invention is less than -10dB at the three target frequencies of 1.176GHz, 1.561GHz and 1.575GHz, indicating that the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 has good impedance matching characteristics at the above target frequencies.

[0116] Figure 12 The actual gains at 1.176 GHz, 1.561 GHz, and 1.575 GHz are 3.49 dBic, 3.89 dBic, and 4.48 dBic, respectively, indicating that the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 has good radiation capability at the above target frequencies, and the gain increases with frequency.

[0117] Figure 13 The results show that the radiative efficiencies at 1.176 GHz, 1.561 GHz, and 1.575 GHz are 58.54%, 66.03%, and 75.24%, respectively, demonstrating the improved energy conversion capability with increasing frequency.

[0118] Figure 14 The simulation results show that the axial ratio of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 is less than 3dB in the ranges of 1.11 to 1.21 GHz and 1.26 to 1.8 GHz, covering the entire target operating frequency band and achieving circular polarization radiation.

[0119] Figure 15 and Figure 16 , Figure 17 and Figure 18 The radiation patterns of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 of the present invention at frequencies of 1.176 GHz and 1.575 GHz are shown respectively.

[0120] Figures 15 to 18 Test results show that the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 exhibits good right-hand circular polarization radiation characteristics at both frequencies, with stable main lobe direction and good cross-polarization suppression, which can meet the practical application requirements of satellite positioning systems for right-hand circular polarization reception.

[0121] Figure 19 The carrier-to-noise ratio test results of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 of this invention for receiving satellite signals. Figure 19The results show that the majority of signals received from multiple navigation satellites of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and the Global Positioning System (GPS) via the active back-end low-noise amplifier circuit have a carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) higher than 35 dB / Hz, indicating stable positioning capabilities; some signals have a CNR exceeding 45 dB / Hz, supporting high-precision positioning applications. The measured satellites include: BeiDou-12 (BDS12), BeiDou-16 (BDS16), BeiDou-24 (BDS24), BeiDou-34 (BDS34), BeiDou-39 (BDS39), BeiDou-44 (BDS44), BeiDou-59 (BDS59), as well as GPS-26 (GPS26), GPS-27 (GPS27), and GPS-31 (GPS31), covering various navigation satellite types such as geostationary orbit (GEO), inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO), and medium Earth orbit (MEO).

[0122] Based on the above simulation and measurement data, the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 of the present invention achieves high gain, high radiation efficiency, good circular polarization characteristics and excellent receiving performance while maintaining a low profile and low cost structure, thus verifying the effectiveness of the aforementioned technical solution in engineering practice.

[0123] The present invention also proposes a wireless communication system, which includes a dual-frequency positioning antenna 100. The specific structure of the dual-frequency positioning antenna 100 is as described in the above embodiments. Since the present wireless communication system adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0124] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-frequency positioning antenna, characterized in that, include: The first radiating layer includes at least two first edge portions, which are symmetrically arranged about the X direction and / or the Y direction. Each first edge portion includes two undulating non-linear structures. The two non-linear structures of the same first edge portion are connected to each other and are symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector of the right angle formed by the X direction and the Y direction. Each first edge portion is provided with a first metal substrate. The second radiating layer is disposed opposite to the first radiating layer along the Z direction; the area of ​​the first metal substrate is smaller than the area of ​​the first radiating layer and smaller than the area of ​​the second radiating layer; the first metal substrate is located between the first radiating layer and the second radiating layer; a first dielectric layer is disposed between the first metal substrate and the second radiating layer; the first dielectric layer connects the first metal substrate and the second radiating layer; the first metal substrate is located between the first radiating layer and the second radiating layer and is connected to the second radiating layer via the first dielectric layer to achieve electrical connection between the first radiating layer and the second radiating layer. A metallic ground layer is connected to the second radiating layer; the first radiating layer is provided with two power feeding sections, and the two power feeding sections are electrically connected to the metallic ground layer.

2. The dual-frequency positioning antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned non-linear structures includes a plurality of recesses and a plurality of protrusions, the plurality of recesses and the plurality of protrusions being alternately connected; Each of the non-linear structures has at least one first branch, which extends along the Z direction and is electrically connected to the second radiation layer; the first branches of two non-linear structures at the same first edge are symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector, the first branches of two adjacent first edges are symmetrically arranged about the X direction or the Y direction, and the first branches of two opposite first edges are symmetrically arranged about the X direction or the Y direction.

3. The dual-frequency positioning antenna as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the structures has three first branches; the three first branches of one of the non-linear structures at the same first edge are arranged along the X direction and spaced apart, and the three first branches of the other non-linear structure are arranged along the Y direction and spaced apart.

4. The dual-frequency positioning antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first radiation layer has a radiation groove at each position of the first edge portion, and at least two of the radiation grooves are symmetrically arranged about the X direction or the Y direction.

5. The dual-frequency positioning antenna as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned radiation cells includes a first cell segment, a second cell segment, a third cell segment, a fourth cell segment, a fifth cell segment, and a sixth cell segment; The first groove segment, the third groove segment, and the fifth groove segment extend along the X direction; The second groove segment, the fourth groove segment, and the sixth groove segment extend along the Y direction; The second groove segment and the fourth groove segment are arranged opposite to each other along the X direction, and the third groove segment and the fifth groove segment are arranged opposite to each other along the Y direction; The second slot connects the first slot to the third slot, the fourth slot connects the third slot to the fifth slot, and the fifth slot connects the sixth slot.

6. The dual-frequency positioning antenna as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The second radiating layer includes at least two second edge portions, the number of which corresponds to the number of the first edge portions. Each second edge portion is provided with a second metal substrate. The area of ​​the second metal substrate is smaller than the area of ​​the second radiating layer and smaller than the area of ​​the metal ground layer. The second metal substrate is disposed between the second radiating layer and the metal ground layer. A second dielectric layer is provided between each second metal substrate and the metal ground layer. The second dielectric layer connects the second metal substrate and the metal ground layer.

7. The dual-frequency positioning antenna as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The metallic stratum has a third dielectric layer on the side facing the second radiation layer; each second edge portion has at least one second branch, the second branch extends along the Z direction and inserts into the third dielectric layer; the second branches of two adjacent second edges portions are symmetrically arranged about the angle bisector, and the second branches of two opposite second edges portions are symmetrically arranged about the X direction or the Y direction.

8. The dual-frequency positioning antenna as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Each second edge portion has three second branches; the three second branches of the same second edge portion are arranged along the X direction or the Y direction and are spaced apart.

9. The dual-frequency positioning antenna as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The metallic stratum is provided with an annular groove at the position corresponding to the second edge; and / or The cross-section of the second branch is rectangular, and the metal stratum has a rectangular slot corresponding to the position of each second branch.

10. A wireless communication system, characterized in that, Includes the dual-frequency positioning antenna as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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