Pull-type strip-collecting furrow-buried straw returning machine

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of agricultural production equipment, and provides a pull-type strip-collecting ditch-burying straw returning machine which comprises a rack, a traction mechanism, a transmission mechanism, a picking and smashing mechanism, a spiral conveying mechanism, a ditch-burying adjusting mechanism and a ditching and earthing mechanism. The traction mechanism is connected with a power source, and the transmission mechanism distributes power to the execution mechanisms. Straw is crushed by the picking and crushing mechanism and then concentrated to a discharge port through the spiral conveying mechanism, and the ditching and soil covering mechanism ditches in front of a blanking point and covers soil behind the blanking point. The furrow burying adjusting mechanism is linked with the furrow opening and soil covering arm through a curtain door plate, and synchronous adjustment of the furrow opening depth and the straw furrow burying amount is achieved. And a material releasing door is arranged at the rear part of the rack to prevent blockage. The device achieves integrated operation of straw picking, smashing, conveying, ditching and soil covering, solves the problems that existing equipment is single in function and inconvenient to adjust, and has the advantages of being compact in structure and high in adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural production equipment technology, and in particular relates to a traction-type straw-burying and returning machine for use in furrows. Background Technology

[0002] Crop straw is an important byproduct of agricultural production. As a renewable natural resource, it is also an important source of soil organic matter. Promoting straw return technology is of great significance for improving soil quality and promoting sustainable agricultural development. Based on traditional straw return technology, a straw collection and ditch burial technology has been developed. This technology concentrates straw in trenches, which is conducive to decomposition and improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

[0003] Currently, research on supporting equipment for straw ditching and returning to the field is still in its developmental stage. Existing technologies mostly achieve integrated operations of straw collection, ditching, straw burial, and soil covering by improving conventional ditching machines or simply combining combine harvesters, crushing devices, and soil covering devices. However, these machines generally suffer from limited functionality and cumbersome operation processes. For example, Chinese invention patent CN118765629A, "A Straw Returning Equipment and Method," focuses on multi-dimensional crushing of straw but cannot complete the subsequent ditching operation. Chinese invention patent CN118901412A, "A Method and Equipment for Constructing Drainage Channels for Straw Crushing, Grazing, and Burying in the Core Soil Layer," while enabling combined operations of collection, crushing, ditching, straw burial, and soil covering, has fixed ditching depth and straw burial volume, which cannot be adjusted in real time according to agronomic requirements or field conditions (such as soil moisture and straw quantity), limiting its applicability and operational effectiveness.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a straw return machine that can flexibly adjust the trenching depth and the amount of straw buried, and can complete all the processes of straw collection, crushing, conveying, trenching, burying straw and covering with soil in one go. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a traction-type straw-burying and returning machine for use in furrows, which aims to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] The present invention is implemented as follows: a traction-type straw-burying and returning machine for use in furrows includes a frame, the front end of which is connected to a suspension device of an external power source via a traction mechanism; it also includes:

[0007] A picking and crushing mechanism is installed at the bottom front side of the frame and is used to pick up straw on the ground and crush it.

[0008] A screw conveyor mechanism is installed behind the picking and crushing mechanism to convey the crushed straw to the middle of the frame, and the lower rear of the frame is provided with a discharge port that communicates with the discharge end of the screw conveyor mechanism.

[0009] The trenching and covering mechanism is installed at the rear of the frame and in front of the discharge port, and is used to open trenches and spread and cover the soil generated by the trenching.

[0010] A trenching adjustment mechanism is installed at the discharge port and is connected to the trenching and covering mechanism for synchronously adjusting the opening degree of the discharge port when the trenching and covering mechanism adjusts the trenching depth.

[0011] A further technical solution also includes a transmission mechanism, which is installed at the center of the front upper part of the frame and connected to an external power source to transmit input power to the picking and crushing mechanism, the screw conveying mechanism and the trenching and covering mechanism.

[0012] A further technical solution is to provide a release gate on the frame near the discharge port.

[0013] A further technical solution is that the trenching and covering mechanism includes a trenching and covering shoulder, a trenching and covering arm, a trenching and covering wrist, a milling rotary trenching unit, and a first double-layer coupling and a second double-layer coupling.

[0014] One end of the trenching and covering shoulder is rotatably mounted on the frame and connected to the power output end of the transmission mechanism. The other end of the trenching and covering shoulder is connected to one end of the trenching and covering arm through a first double-layer coupling. The other end of the trenching and covering arm is connected to one end of the trenching and covering wrist through a second double-layer coupling. The other end of the trenching and covering wrist is equipped with a milling rotary trenching unit.

[0015] The outer shells of the trenching and covering shoulder, trenching and covering arm, and trenching and covering wrist are all provided with protruding ribs, and the first double-layer coupling and the second double-layer coupling are provided with corresponding grooves.

[0016] In a further technical solution, the first double-layer coupling includes an inner layer coupling and an outer layer coupling, and a partition bearing is provided between the inner layer coupling and the outer layer coupling;

[0017] The protruding ribs of the trenching and covering shoulder are engaged in the groove at the front end of the outer coupling, and the protruding ribs at the front end of the trenching and covering arm are engaged in the groove at the rear end of the outer coupling.

[0018] In a further technical solution, the trench adjustment mechanism is installed below the discharge port and includes a curtain door panel, a connecting plate, and a curtain door guide rail;

[0019] The curtain door guide rail is fixed on both sides of the discharge port, and its track shape includes a straight section and an arc section;

[0020] Several curtain panels are provided between the two curtain door guide rails, and the trenching and soil covering shoulder is mechanically connected to one of the curtain panels. Each curtain panel has a pin on both sides to cooperate with the guide rail.

[0021] The connecting plate is used to connect the two curtain panels.

[0022] The present invention provides a towable straw-burying and returning machine for use in furrows, which has the following advantages:

[0023] (1) Multifunctional integrated operation: This invention integrates multiple processes such as straw picking, crushing, conveying, gathering, ditching, burying, and covering with soil into one, which can complete the straw gathering, ditching and burying and returning to the field in one go, greatly improving the efficiency of operation.

[0024] (2) Adjustable trenching depth and burying amount: Through the unique trenching and covering mechanism and the linked trenching adjustment mechanism, the operator can conveniently adjust the trenching depth during or before operation, and simultaneously and automatically adjust the opening of the discharge port, thereby accurately controlling the amount of straw buried in each meter of trench to adapt to different agronomic requirements and field conditions, significantly improving the adaptability and operation quality of the machinery.

[0025] (3) Anti-clogging design: The setting of the release gate effectively solves the clogging problem caused by excessive local straw, ensuring the continuity and reliability of the operation.

[0026] (4) Good soil covering effect: The milling rotary trenching unit can spread the soil evenly while trenching, effectively covering the straw that has been buried in the previous row, avoiding the exposure of the straw and promoting the decomposition of the straw. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a traction-type straw-burying and returning machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is an overall rear view of a traction-type straw-burying and returning machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ditch-burying adjustment mechanism in a traction-type strip-fed straw-burying and returning machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the ditching and soil covering mechanism in a traction-type strip-ditch straw burying and returning machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the first double-layer coupling in a traction-type straw-burying and returning machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] In the attached diagram: 1. Traction mechanism; 2. Transmission mechanism; 3. Pick-up and crushing mechanism; 4. Frame; 5. Screw conveyor mechanism; 6. Trenching adjustment mechanism; 61. Curtain door plate; 62. Connecting plate; 63. Curtain door guide rail; 7. Trenching and covering mechanism; 71. Trenching and covering shoulder; 72. Trenching and covering arm; 73. Trenching and covering wrist; 74. Milling rotary trenching unit; 75. First double-layer coupling; 751. Inner coupling; 752. Outer coupling; 753. Isolation bearing; 76. Second double-layer coupling; 8. Release gate. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0034] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, a tractor-mounted straw-burying and returning machine for use in furrows, according to an embodiment of the present invention, includes a frame 4, the front end of which is connected to the suspension device of a power source such as a tractor via a traction mechanism 1; it also includes:

[0036] The picking and crushing mechanism 3 is installed on the bottom front side of the frame 4 and is used to pick up straw on the ground and crush it.

[0037] The screw conveyor 5 is installed behind the picking and crushing mechanism 3 and is used to convey the crushed straw to the middle of the frame 4. The lower rear of the frame 4 is provided with a discharge port that communicates with the discharge end of the screw conveyor 5.

[0038] The trenching and covering mechanism 7 is installed at the rear of the frame 4 and in front of the discharge port. It is used to open trenches and spread and cover the soil generated by the trenching.

[0039] The trench burying adjustment mechanism 6 is installed at the discharge port and is linked with the trenching and covering mechanism 7. It is used to adjust the opening of the discharge port synchronously when the trenching and covering mechanism 7 adjusts the trenching depth, so as to control the amount of straw buried in the trench.

[0040] The transmission mechanism 2 is installed at the center of the front upper part of the frame 4 and is connected to a power source such as the tractor output shaft, electric motor, or hydraulic motor. It is used to transmit the input power to the picking and crushing mechanism 3, the screw conveying mechanism 5, and the trenching and covering mechanism 7.

[0041] In this embodiment of the invention, during operation, the tractor's power is transmitted to the bevel gearbox in the center of the transmission mechanism 2 via the power output shaft. This gearbox uses gear pairs to change the direction of power transmission and distributes the power to three sub-transmission mechanisms: the picking and crushing mechanism 3, the screw conveyor mechanism 5, and the trenching and covering mechanism 7. Each sub-transmission mechanism drives its corresponding actuator to ensure the overall stable operation of the implement. The picking and crushing mechanism 3 crushes the straw, and then, through inertia, negative pressure, and the performance of the blades, scatters the straw fragments to the rear, causing them to fall into the screw conveyor mechanism 5. The screw conveyor mechanism 5 concentrates the straw fragments to the center, and then discharges them from the central discharge port at the rear due to inertia and gravity.

[0042] While the trenching and covering mechanism 7 is working, it can drive the trench burying adjustment mechanism 6 to move synchronously. When the trenching depth increases, the trenching and covering mechanism 7 can control the opening of the discharge port to increase through the trench burying adjustment mechanism 6, allowing more straw fragments to fall and increasing the amount of straw buried. When the trenching depth decreases, the trenching and covering mechanism 7 can control the opening of the discharge port to decrease through the trench burying adjustment mechanism 6, reducing the amount of straw falling and decreasing the amount of straw buried.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a lockable release gate 8 is provided on the frame 4 near the discharge port.

[0044] In this embodiment of the invention, when the amount of straw in the field is too large and the discharge port cannot discharge all the crushed straw in time, the release gate 8 can be opened manually or automatically to discharge the excess straw to the ground to avoid blockage, and then processed again in subsequent operation cycles.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spiral conveying mechanism 5 is a stalk collection device, which includes a rotating shaft with spiral blades. Its rotation direction concentrates and transports the straw from both sides to the center, and finally, under the action of gravity, it falls from the discharge port opened in the center of the rear of the frame 4.

[0046] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the trenching and covering mechanism 7 includes a trenching and covering shoulder 71, a trenching and covering arm 72, a trenching and covering wrist 73, a milling rotary trenching unit 74, a first double-layer coupling 75, and a second double-layer coupling 76.

[0047] One end of the trenching and covering shoulder 71 is rotatably mounted on the frame 4 and connected to the power output end of the transmission mechanism 2. The other end of the trenching and covering shoulder 71 is connected to one end of the trenching and covering arm 72 through the first double-layer coupling 75. The other end of the trenching and covering arm 72 is connected to one end of the trenching and covering wrist 73 through the second double-layer coupling 76. The other end of the trenching and covering wrist 73 is equipped with a milling rotary trenching unit 74.

[0048] The outer shells of the trenching and covering shoulder 71, trenching and covering arm 72, and trenching and covering wrist 73 are all provided with protruding ribs. The first double-layer coupling 75 and the second double-layer coupling 76 are provided with corresponding grooves. The trenching depth can be adjusted by adjusting the angle of the coupling.

[0049] In this embodiment of the invention, taking the first double-layer coupling 75 as an example, it consists of an inner coupling 751, an outer coupling 752, and a partition bearing 753. During assembly, the protruding ribs of the trenching and covering shoulder 71 are engaged in the groove at the front end of the outer coupling 752, and the protruding ribs at the front end of the trenching and covering arm 72 are engaged in the groove at the rear end of the outer coupling 752. By changing the circumferential assembly angle of the outer coupling 752, the included angle between the trenching and covering shoulder 71 and the trenching and covering arm 72 can be changed. Similarly, adjusting the second double-layer coupling 76 can change the included angle between the trenching and covering arm 72 and the trenching and covering arm 73.

[0050] When making adjustments, first make a rough adjustment: loosen the locking bolts of the first double-layer coupling 75, rotate the outer coupling 752 to the required angle, so that the trenching and covering arm 72 can be lowered or raised, thereby initially setting the trenching depth.

[0051] Then fine-tune: loosen the locking bolts of the second double-layer coupling 76, adjust the angle of the trenching and covering wrist 73, so that the input shaft of the milling rotary trenching unit 74 remains parallel to the ground, and ensure that its rotation axis is parallel to the working surface for soil cutting operations.

[0052] Finally, lock the connection: After adjustment, tighten the locking bolts of the first double-layer coupling 75 and the second double-layer coupling 76 to keep the angle unchanged.

[0053] Once the trenching depth is set, the milling rotary trenching unit 74 rotates at high speed under power, its cutter head cutting into the soil, breaking it into small pieces and scattering them upwards and backwards. These scattered soil fragments fall directly onto the trenches in the previous row that have already been filled with straw, achieving the covering operation and thus realizing the effect of "trenching and covering simultaneously".

[0054] like Figure 3 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the trench adjustment mechanism 6 is installed below the discharge port and includes a curtain door panel 61, a connecting plate 62, and a curtain door guide rail 63.

[0055] The curtain door guide rail 63 is fixed on both sides of the discharge port, and its track shape includes a straight section and an arc section.

[0056] A plurality of curtain panels 61 are provided between the two curtain door guide rails 63, and the trenching and soil covering shoulder 71 is mechanically connected to one of the curtain panels 61. Each curtain panel 61 has a pin on both sides to cooperate with the guide rail.

[0057] The connecting plate 62 connects the two curtain panels 61 to ensure that each curtain panel 61 moves synchronously.

[0058] In this embodiment of the invention, when the trenching depth increases, the trenching and covering shoulder 71 rotates downward, and the trenching and covering arm 72 descends accordingly. At this time, the curtain door plate 61 connected to the trenching and covering shoulder 71 is pushed to move into the silo along the straight section of the curtain door guide rail 63, increasing the opening area of ​​the discharge port, allowing more straw fragments to fall, and increasing the amount of straw buried in the trench.

[0059] As the trenching depth decreases, the trenching and covering shoulder 71 rotates upward, and the trenching and covering arm 72 lifts. The curtain door panel 61 is pulled towards the arc segment of the curtain door guide rail 63 (out of the chamber), partially covering the discharge port, reducing the discharge port area, decreasing the amount of straw falling, and reducing the amount buried in the trench.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the curtain panel 61 is not mechanically connected to the trenching and covering shoulder 71, but is independently driven by an electric push rod or hydraulic cylinder. The operator can independently control the opening of the curtain panel 61 from the cab via an electronic control system, achieving independent adjustment of the straw burying amount, making it independent of changes in trench depth. This is suitable for agronomic scenarios with special requirements for burying amount.

[0061] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A traction-type straw-burying and returning machine for use in furrows, characterized in that, The system includes a frame, the front end of which is connected to a suspension device of an external power source via a traction mechanism; it also includes: A picking and crushing mechanism is installed at the bottom front of the frame and is used to pick up straw on the ground and crush it. A screw conveyor mechanism is installed behind the picking and crushing mechanism to convey the crushed straw to the middle of the frame, and the lower rear of the frame is provided with a discharge port that communicates with the discharge end of the screw conveyor mechanism. The trenching and covering mechanism is installed at the rear of the frame and in front of the discharge port, and is used to open trenches and spread and cover the soil generated by the trenching. A trenching adjustment mechanism is installed at the discharge port and is connected to the trenching and covering mechanism for synchronously adjusting the opening degree of the discharge port when the trenching and covering mechanism adjusts the trenching depth.

2. The traction-type straw-burying and returning machine for use in furrows as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a transmission mechanism, which is installed at the center of the front upper part of the frame and connected to an external power source to transmit input power to the picking and crushing mechanism, the screw conveying mechanism and the trenching and covering mechanism.

3. The traction-type straw-burying and returning machine for use in furrows as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A release gate is provided on the frame near the discharge port.

4. The traction-type straw-burying and returning machine for use in furrows according to claim 2, characterized in that, The trenching and covering mechanism includes a trenching and covering shoulder, a trenching and covering arm, a trenching and covering wrist, a milling rotary trenching unit, and a first double-layer coupling and a second double-layer coupling. One end of the trenching and covering shoulder is rotatably mounted on the frame and connected to the power output end of the transmission mechanism. The other end of the trenching and covering shoulder is connected to one end of the trenching and covering arm through a first double-layer coupling. The other end of the trenching and covering arm is connected to one end of the trenching and covering wrist through a second double-layer coupling. The other end of the trenching and covering wrist is equipped with a milling rotary trenching unit. The outer shells of the trenching and covering shoulder, trenching and covering arm, and trenching and covering wrist are all provided with protruding ribs, and the first double-layer coupling and the second double-layer coupling are provided with corresponding grooves.

5. The traction-type straw-burying and returning machine for use in furrows according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first double-layer coupling includes an inner layer coupling and an outer layer coupling, and a partition bearing is provided between the inner layer coupling and the outer layer coupling; The protruding ribs of the trenching and covering shoulder are engaged in the groove at the front end of the outer coupling, and the protruding ribs at the front end of the trenching and covering arm are engaged in the groove at the rear end of the outer coupling.

6. The traction-type straw-burying and returning machine for use in furrows according to claim 4, characterized in that, The trench adjustment mechanism is installed below the discharge port and includes a curtain door panel, a connecting plate, and a curtain door guide rail; The curtain door guide rail is fixed on both sides of the discharge port, and its track shape includes a straight section and an arc section; Several curtain panels are provided between the two curtain door guide rails, and the trenching and soil covering shoulder is mechanically connected to one of the curtain panels. Each curtain panel has a pin on both sides to cooperate with the guide rail. The connecting plate is used to connect the two curtain panels.

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