Morchella soilless culture substrate utilizing agricultural wastes and preparation method of morchella soilless culture substrate
By using soilless cultivation substrates made from agricultural waste, specific microorganisms, and substrate moisture regulators, the problems of continuous cropping obstacles and waste disposal for morel mushrooms have been solved, achieving efficient mushroom production and resource recycling, reducing costs, and protecting the environment.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- INST OF URBAN AGRI CHINESE ACADEMY OF AGRI SCI
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, continuous cropping and pest and disease problems caused by changes in the environmental microbial flora during the artificial cultivation of morel mushrooms result in low mushroom yields and the inability to convert to fruiting, and the problem of agricultural waste disposal has not been effectively solved.
Soilless cultivation substrates are produced by fermenting and sterilizing agricultural waste such as sorghum stalks, rapeseed stalks, peanut stalks, and corn stalks with mixed strains of photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus thuringiensis, as well as substrate moisture regulators such as steroidal saponin solutions and polyoxyethylene amides.
It significantly promotes morel mushroom production, overcomes continuous cropping obstacles, realizes resource recycling of agricultural waste, reduces costs, avoids continuous cropping obstacles, enables substrate reuse, and protects the environment.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of soilless cultivation substrate technology, specifically to a soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms made from agricultural waste and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] Morel mushrooms (Morchellaspp.), commonly known as sheep's stomach mushrooms or straw hat mushrooms, belong to the genus Morchella in the family Morchellacea, order Pezizales, class Discomycetes, phylum Ascomycota. They are named for the shape of their caps, which resemble a sheep's stomach. All species in this genus are globally renowned rare and valuable edible (and medicinal) fungi.
[0003] Most current artificial cultivation substrates use natural soil as one of the raw materials. After planting one or more crops of morel mushrooms in the same area for several years, the flora (species and dominant populations) of microorganisms (bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and viruses) in the environment (including air and soil) changes, causing environmental antagonism of morel mushrooms and soil continuous cropping obstacles. More pests and diseases accumulate in the substrate, which inhibits the growth of morel mycelium and primordia differentiation, or weakens the resistance to disease and contaminants. Ultimately, the yield of morel mushrooms is low, and there are problems with the inability to convert morel mushrooms into fruiting products in artificial cultivation substrates. At the same time, it also solves the problem of agricultural waste disposal, realizes the transformation of waste into treasure, and meets the requirements of sustainable and economical development. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms made from agricultural waste and its preparation method. The soilless cultivation substrate prepared by this method overcomes the obstacle of continuous cropping of morel mushrooms and realizes the resource recycling of agricultural waste, saving resources and benefiting the environment.
[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following solution:
[0006] A soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms using agricultural waste, wherein the raw material components, by mass percentage, include 70%–98% agricultural waste, 1%–25% mixed inoculum, and 1%–5% substrate moisture regulator.
[0007] More preferably, the agricultural waste includes one or more of sorghum stalks, rapeseed stalks, peanut stalks, corn stalks, and wheat stalks.
[0008] More preferably, the mixed bacterial strain includes two or more of photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus subtilis.
[0009] More preferably, the matrix moisture regulator includes one or two of steroidal saponin solution and polyoxyethylene amide.
[0010] More preferably, the steroidal saponin solution has a mass percentage concentration of 2% to 3%, and the weight ratio of the steroidal saponin solution to polyoxyethylene amide is 65 to 80: 15 to 30.
[0011] More preferably, the weight ratio of the steroidal saponin solution to the polyoxyethylene amide is 75:20.
[0012] A method for preparing a soilless culture substrate for morel mushrooms, using the above-mentioned soilless culture substrate for morel mushrooms made from agricultural waste, includes the following steps:
[0013] Step 1: Remove impurities from one or more of the following: sorghum stalks, rapeseed stalks, peanut stalks, corn stalks, and wheat stalks, then dry and pulverize them to obtain agricultural waste.
[0014] Step 2: Mix agricultural waste with two or more of the following: photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus subtilis. Allow the mixture to ferment naturally for 25 to 30 days to obtain the fermentation product.
[0015] Step 3: After sterilizing the fermentation product, add one or two of the following: steroidal saponin solution and polyoxyethylene amide. Mix well to obtain the soilless culture substrate for morel mushrooms.
[0016] More preferably, the agricultural waste is crushed and then passed through a 150-300 mesh sieve.
[0017] More preferably, the sterilization temperature is 85℃~100℃.
[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms made from agricultural waste and its preparation method. The prepared soilless cultivation substrate can significantly promote the fruiting of morel mushrooms and multiple harvests of morel mushrooms; it allows for the replacement of the cultivation substrate with a completely new substrate at a low cost, enabling substrate reuse and avoiding continuous cropping obstacles. Furthermore, this cultivation substrate has a low cost. It achieves resource recycling and reuse of agricultural waste, saves energy, and is beneficial to environmental protection. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0020] Example 1
[0021] Preparation of soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms:
[0022] 1) Weigh out 70% of a mixture of sorghum straw, rapeseed straw, and peanut straw, 1% of a mixture of photosynthetic bacteria and Bacillus laterosporus, and 5% of a steroidal saponin solution by mass percentage, and set aside for use;
[0023] 2) After removing impurities from sorghum stalks, rapeseed stalks, and peanut stalks, dry and crush them, and pass them through a 150-300 mesh sieve to obtain agricultural waste.
[0024] 3) Mix agricultural waste with photosynthetic bacteria and Bacillus laterosporus evenly, and let it ferment naturally for 25 to 30 days to obtain the fermentation product;
[0025] 4) After sterilizing the fermentation product at 85℃~100℃, add the steroidal saponin solution and mix evenly to obtain the soilless culture substrate for morel mushrooms.
[0026] Morel mushroom cultivation methods:
[0027] 1) Inoculation and cultivation: Fill the soilless cultivation substrate of morel mushrooms into a cultivation box with a length and width of 20cm×20cm, inoculate morel mushroom spawn into the cultivation box, and sow 0.5kg-0.6kg of spawn per square meter. Place it in the mushroom house for cultivation, and control the temperature of the mushroom house at 20℃~23℃ and the humidity at 60%~70%.
[0028] 2) Mushroom management: The humidity of morel cultivation should be controlled at 30% to 35%, the air humidity of the mushroom house should be controlled at 85% to 90%, the CO2 concentration should be controlled at 600 to 1000 ppm, and the light intensity should be maintained at 150 to 300 Lux.
[0029] 3) Harvesting: Morel mushrooms can be harvested when they reach a suitable size, and the yield corresponding to different cultivation substrates and the continuous cropping situation should be recorded.
[0030] Example 2
[0031] Preparation of soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms:
[0032] 1) Weigh out the following by weight percentage: a mixture of 98% sorghum straw, corn straw, and wheat straw; a mixture of 1% photosynthetic bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis; a mixture of 1% steroidal saponin solution and polyoxyethylene amide solution; and set aside for use.
[0033] 2) After removing impurities from sorghum stalks, corn stalks, and wheat stalks, dry and crush them, and pass them through a 150-300 mesh sieve to obtain agricultural waste.
[0034] 3) Mix agricultural waste with photosynthetic bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis evenly, and let it ferment naturally for 25-30 days to obtain the fermentation product;
[0035] 4) After sterilizing the fermentation product at 85℃~100℃, add the mixture of steroidal saponin solution and polyoxyethylene amide and mix evenly to obtain the soilless culture substrate for morel mushrooms.
[0036] Morel mushroom cultivation methods:
[0037] 1) Inoculation and cultivation: Fill the soilless cultivation substrate of morel mushrooms into a cultivation box with a length and width of 20cm×20cm, inoculate morel mushroom spawn into the cultivation box, and sow 0.5kg-0.6kg of spawn per square meter. Place it in the mushroom house for cultivation, and control the temperature of the mushroom house at 20℃~23℃ and the humidity at 60%~70%.
[0038] 2) Mushroom management: The humidity of morel cultivation should be controlled at 30% to 35%, the air humidity of the mushroom house should be controlled at 85% to 90%, the CO2 concentration should be controlled at 600 to 1000 ppm, and the light intensity should be maintained at 150 to 300 Lux.
[0039] 3) Harvesting: Morel mushrooms can be harvested when they reach a suitable size, and the yield corresponding to different cultivation substrates and the continuous cropping situation should be recorded.
[0040] Example 3
[0041] Preparation of soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms:
[0042] 1) Weigh out 82% of the mixture of corn stalks and wheat stalks, 25% of the mixture of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus subtilis, and 3% of the steroidal saponin solution by mass percentage, and set aside for use;
[0043] 2) After removing impurities from corn stalks and wheat stalks, dry and crush them, and pass them through a 150-300 mesh sieve to obtain agricultural waste treatment materials;
[0044] 3) Mix agricultural waste with Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus subtilis evenly, and let it ferment naturally for 25 to 30 days to obtain the fermentation product;
[0045] 4) After sterilizing the fermentation product at 85℃~100℃, add the steroidal saponin solution and mix evenly to obtain the soilless culture substrate for morel mushrooms.
[0046] Morel mushroom cultivation methods:
[0047] 1) Inoculation and cultivation: Fill the soilless cultivation substrate of morel mushrooms into a cultivation box with a length and width of 20cm×20cm, inoculate morel mushroom spawn into the cultivation box, and sow 0.5kg-0.6kg of spawn per square meter. Place it in the mushroom house for cultivation, and control the temperature of the mushroom house at 20℃~23℃ and the humidity at 60%~70%.
[0048] 2) Mushroom management: The humidity of morel cultivation should be controlled at 30% to 35%, the air humidity of the mushroom house should be controlled at 85% to 90%, the CO2 concentration should be controlled at 600 to 1000 ppm, and the light intensity should be maintained at 150 to 300 Lux.
[0049] 3) Harvesting: Morel mushrooms can be harvested when they reach a suitable size, and the yield corresponding to different cultivation substrates and the continuous cropping situation should be recorded.
[0050] Example 4
[0051] Preparation of soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms:
[0052] 1) Weigh out 80% of the mixture of rapeseed straw and wheat straw, 18% of the mixture of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus thuringiensis, 2% of the mixture of steroidal saponin solution and polyoxyethylene amide by mass percentage, and set aside for use;
[0053] 2) After removing impurities from rapeseed straw and wheat straw, dry and crush them, and pass them through a 150-300 mesh sieve to obtain agricultural waste treatment materials;
[0054] 3) Mix agricultural waste with Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus thuringiensis evenly, and let it ferment naturally for 25 to 30 days to obtain the fermentation product;
[0055] 4) After sterilizing the fermentation product at 85℃~100℃, add the steroidal saponin solution and mix evenly to obtain the soilless culture substrate for morel mushrooms.
[0056] Morel mushroom cultivation methods:
[0057] 1) Inoculation and cultivation: Fill the soilless cultivation substrate of morel mushrooms into a cultivation box with a length and width of 20cm×20cm, inoculate morel mushroom spawn into the cultivation box, and sow 0.5kg-0.6kg of spawn per square meter. Place it in the mushroom house for cultivation, and control the temperature of the mushroom house at 20℃~23℃ and the humidity at 60%~70%.
[0058] 2) Mushroom management: The humidity of morel cultivation should be controlled at 30% to 35%, the air humidity of the mushroom house should be controlled at 85% to 90%, the CO2 concentration should be controlled at 600 to 1000 ppm, and the light intensity should be maintained at 150 to 300 Lux.
[0059] 3) Harvesting: Morel mushrooms can be harvested when they reach a suitable size, and the yield corresponding to different cultivation substrates and the continuous cropping situation should be recorded.
[0060] Example 5
[0061] Preparation of soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms:
[0062] 1) Weigh out 80% of the mixture of rapeseed straw and wheat straw, 15% of the mixture of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus thuringiensis, 5% of the mixture of steroidal saponin solution and polyoxyethylene amide by mass percentage, and set aside for use;
[0063] 2) After removing impurities from rapeseed straw and wheat straw, dry and crush them, and pass them through a 150-300 mesh sieve to obtain agricultural waste treatment materials;
[0064] 3) Mix agricultural waste with Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus thuringiensis evenly, and let it ferment naturally for 25 to 30 days to obtain the fermentation product;
[0065] 4) After sterilizing the fermentation product at 85℃~100℃, add the steroidal saponin solution and mix evenly to obtain the soilless culture substrate for morel mushrooms.
[0066] Morel mushroom cultivation methods:
[0067] 1) Inoculation and cultivation: Fill the soilless cultivation substrate of morel mushrooms into a cultivation box with a length and width of 20cm×20cm, inoculate morel mushroom spawn into the cultivation box, and sow 0.5kg-0.6kg of spawn per square meter. Place it in the mushroom house for cultivation, and control the temperature of the mushroom house at 20℃~23℃ and the humidity at 60%~70%.
[0068] 2) Mushroom management: The humidity of morel cultivation should be controlled at 30% to 35%, the air humidity of the mushroom house should be controlled at 85% to 90%, the CO2 concentration should be controlled at 600 to 1000 ppm, and the light intensity should be maintained at 150 to 300 Lux.
[0069] 3) Harvesting: Morel mushrooms can be harvested when they reach a suitable size, and the yield corresponding to different cultivation substrates and the continuous cropping situation should be recorded.
[0070] Example 6
[0071] Preparation of soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms:
[0072] 1) Weigh out 95% of a mixture of sorghum straw, corn straw, and wheat straw, 1% of a mixture of photosynthetic bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis, 4% of a steroidal saponin solution, and a mixture of polyoxyethylene amide by mass percentage, and set aside for use;
[0073] 2) After removing impurities from sorghum stalks, corn stalks, and wheat stalks, dry and crush them, and pass them through a 150-300 mesh sieve to obtain agricultural waste.
[0074] 3) Mix agricultural waste with photosynthetic bacteria and Bacillus licheniformis evenly, and let it ferment naturally for 25-30 days to obtain the fermentation product;
[0075] 4) After sterilizing the fermentation product at 85℃~100℃, add the mixture of steroidal saponin solution and polyoxyethylene amide and mix evenly to obtain the soilless culture substrate for morel mushrooms.
[0076] Morel mushroom cultivation methods:
[0077] 1) Inoculation and cultivation: Fill the soilless cultivation substrate of morel mushrooms into a cultivation box with a length and width of 20cm×20cm, inoculate morel mushroom spawn into the cultivation box, and sow 0.5kg-0.6kg of spawn per square meter. Place it in the mushroom house for cultivation, and control the temperature of the mushroom house at 20℃~23℃ and the humidity at 60%~70%.
[0078] 2) Mushroom management: The humidity of morel cultivation should be controlled at 30% to 35%, the air humidity of the mushroom house should be controlled at 85% to 90%, the CO2 concentration should be controlled at 600 to 1000 ppm, and the light intensity should be maintained at 150 to 300 Lux.
[0079] 3) Harvesting: Morel mushrooms can be harvested when they reach a suitable size, and the yield corresponding to different cultivation substrates and the continuous cropping situation should be recorded.
[0080] Comparative Example
[0081] The comparative example uses the same method for preparing the soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms as in Example 1, and the direction of morel mushroom cultivation is the same, except that: agricultural waste is weighed as a mixture of 65% sorghum straw and rapeseed straw by weight percentage; mixed inoculum is weighed as a mixture of 32% photosynthetic bacteria Bacillus laterosporus by weight percentage; and substrate moisture regulator is weighed as a mixture of 3% steroidal saponin solution and polyoxyethylene amide by weight percentage.
[0082] Table 1. Fruiting of morel mushrooms obtained from hydroponically grown substrates in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples.
[0083]
[0084]
[0085] In Table 1, the estimated yield (g) of morel mushrooms is calculated as total fresh weight of morel mushrooms / number of mushrooms, yielding the average yield of morel mushrooms in the cultivation box. The fruiting density of morel mushrooms in the cultivation substrate can reach a very high level. Within a batch, the number of young mushrooms that can be counted by the naked eye on a cultivation substrate surface of about 20cm×20cm can reach 40-50, and the estimated number of young mushrooms on a cultivation substrate surface of 1m×1m can reach more than 200.
[0086] As shown in Table 1, the substrates formed using different proportions of components in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-2 all produced morel mushrooms, and all produced large, harvestable morel mushrooms. However, the results varied. The substrate formulations in Examples 1-3 promoted the growth of morel mushrooms into mature fruiting bodies and enabled multiple harvests, overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles in existing technologies. After planting one or more crops of morel mushrooms, a completely new cultivation substrate can be replaced at a low cost, achieving substrate reuse and avoiding continuous cropping obstacles. Furthermore, the cost of this cultivation substrate is relatively low.
[0087] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms using agricultural waste, characterized in that, The raw material components, by mass percentage, include 70%–98% agricultural waste, 1%–25% mixed microbial strains, and 1%–5% substrate moisture regulator.
2. The soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms using agricultural waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The agricultural waste includes one or more of the following: sorghum stalks, rapeseed stalks, peanut stalks, corn stalks, and wheat stalks.
3. The soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms using agricultural waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mixed bacterial strains include two or more of the following: photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus subtilis.
4. The soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms using agricultural waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The matrix moisture regulator includes one or two of steroidal saponin solutions and polyoxyethylene amide.
5. The soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms using agricultural waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steroidal saponin solution has a mass percentage concentration of 2% to 3%, and the weight ratio of the steroidal saponin solution to polyoxyethylene amide is 65 to 80: 15 to 30.
6. The soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms using agricultural waste as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The weight ratio of the steroidal saponin solution to polyoxyethylene amide is 75:
20.
7. A method for preparing a soilless culture substrate for morel mushrooms, characterized in that, The method of using a soilless cultivation substrate for morel mushrooms made from agricultural waste as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 includes the following steps: Step 1: Remove impurities from one or more of the following: sorghum stalks, rapeseed stalks, peanut stalks, corn stalks, and wheat stalks, then dry and pulverize them to obtain agricultural waste. Step 2: Mix agricultural waste with two or more of the following: photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus subtilis. Allow the mixture to ferment naturally for 25 to 30 days to obtain the fermentation product. Step 3: After sterilizing the fermentation product, add one or two of the following: steroidal saponin solution and polyoxyethylene amide. Mix well to obtain the soilless culture substrate for morel mushrooms.
8. The method for preparing a soilless culture substrate for morel mushrooms according to claim 7, characterized in that, The agricultural waste is crushed and then passed through a 150-300 mesh sieve.
9. The method for preparing a soilless culture substrate for morel mushrooms according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sterilization temperature is 85℃~100℃.