Product and method for improving aquatic product intensive transportation survival rate and reducing stress reaction

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic product transportation. More specifically, the invention relates to a product and a method for improving aquatic product intensive transportation survival rate and reducing stress response. According to the composition for aquatic product transportation provided by the invention, the composition is added into a transportation water body, and a pretreatment measure is matched, so that the transportation effect is remarkably improved. Tests prove that the stress behaviors of the fishes transported for a long distance by adopting the method are greatly reduced, and the vigor of survival individuals is high. And preferably, after an adsorbent zeolite powder is introduced, the accumulation of metabolic wastes such as ammonia nitrogen can be effectively delayed, and the survival rate of the fish is further improved. The transportation method is easy and convenient to operate and environmentally friendly, can be seamlessly matched with existing aquatic product transportation equipment, does not need additional transformation or midway water change, has good universality and generalizability, is suitable for various aquatic products and different transportation distances and scenes, and has good application prospects and value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aquatic product transportation technology. More specifically, it relates to a product and method for improving the survival rate of aquatic products during intensive transportation and reducing stress response. Background Technology

[0002] In aquaculture, especially intensive high-density farming, long-distance, high-density live animal transportation has become a key bottleneck restricting the efficient operation of the industry chain. During transportation, limited space, water flow disturbances, and sudden environmental changes cause aquatic products, especially fish, to be under continuous high-intensity stress. This leads to increased mucus secretion, accelerated metabolism, and intensified excretion, resulting in the rapid accumulation of organic loads and metabolic products such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water. Water quality imbalance then induces abnormal fish behavior and physiological dysfunction, forming a vicious cycle of stress—hypermeability—water quality deterioration—further stress. Ultimately, this manifests as gill tissue damage, decreased immunity, and even acute death, with some effects having a lag effect, significantly restricting subsequent farming performance and market prices. The stress response and low survival rates and poor vitality caused by transportation are key factors restricting the economic benefits of aquaculture. Therefore, how to reduce the stress response of aquatic products during intensive transportation and improve survival rates is a crucial and challenging issue that the industry needs to address.

[0003] Currently, industry practices generally rely on passive coping strategies such as "reducing loading density combined with enhanced mechanical aeration" and mid-journey water changes to alleviate transport stress and reduce mortality. However, while these strategies can partially alleviate the problems, they significantly sacrifice transport efficiency and increase logistics costs, making it difficult to support the sustainable development of a modern seedling distribution system.

[0004] Therefore, the industry urgently needs a transportation management technology that is highly secure, holistic, and collaborative. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing aquatic product transportation methods and provides a composition that improves the survival rate of aquatic products during transportation. By adding this composition to the transportation water and combining it with pretreatment measures, the transportation effect is significantly improved.

[0006] The first objective of this invention is to provide a composition for transporting aquatic products.

[0007] A second object of the present invention is to provide applications of the above-described composition.

[0008] The third objective of this invention is to provide a method for improving the stress resistance and survival rate of transported aquatic products.

[0009] The fourth objective of this invention is to provide a method for intensive transportation of aquatic products.

[0010] The above-mentioned objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: Through extensive exploration, research, and analysis, this invention organically integrates pre-transport body conditioning, dynamic stabilization of the water environment during transportation, and proactive intervention in fish stress, constructing a systematic technical path covering the entire process. This truly realizes the transformation from passive response to proactive regulation, providing solid support for the efficient, stable, and sustainable development of the aquatic seed industry.

[0011] Specifically, the present invention first develops and provides a composition for aquatic transport that can reduce stress response and improve survival rate during aquatic transport, comprising the following components by mass percentage: 70-85% white oil, 5-15% hydrophobic silica, 5-10% emulsifier, and 0.5-2% hydrophilic silica.

[0012] Preferably, the above composition contains, by mass percentage, the following components: 75-85% white oil, 8-12% hydrophobic silica, 5-10% emulsifier, and 0.5-1.5% hydrophilic silica.

[0013] As an alternative preferred embodiment, the emulsifier in the above composition is Span 80 and / or Tween 80.

[0014] More preferably, the emulsifier is a composite emulsifier consisting of Span 80 and Tween 80.

[0015] Preferably, the mass ratio of Span 80 to Tween 80 is (1~2):(1~2).

[0016] More preferably, the mass ratio of Span 80 to Tween 80 is (1~1.5):1.

[0017] The composition is safe, consisting entirely of food-grade ingredients. When added to aquatic transport water, it can significantly reduce stress during aquatic transport and improve the survival rate of live fish.

[0018] Therefore, the present invention also provides the application of the above composition in aquatic product transportation.

[0019] The present invention provides the use of the above composition in the preparation of products that improve the stress resistance and / or survival rate of transported aquatic animals.

[0020] This invention provides the application of the above composition in the preparation of products that enhance the stress resistance of aquatic animals.

[0021] This invention provides the use of the above composition in the preparation of products that improve the survival rate of aquatic animals.

[0022] This invention provides the application of the above composition in the preparation of products that improve the stress resistance and survival rate of aquatic animals.

[0023] This invention provides a method for improving the stress resistance and survival rate of transported aquatic products by adding the above-mentioned composition to the water body used for transporting aquatic products.

[0024] As an alternative implementation, the aquatic product is fish.

[0025] Furthermore, this invention organically integrates pre-transport body conditioning, dynamic stabilization of the aquatic environment during transportation, and proactive intervention in fish stress, providing a systematic technical approach covering the entire process. Specifically: The present invention provides a method for intensive transportation of aquatic products, wherein the above-mentioned composition is added to the water body for aquatic product transportation.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment, the intensive aquatic product transportation method includes the following steps: S1. Pre-transportation processing: S11. Nutritional fortification: In addition to the fish diet, add vitamin C for 2-5 days; S12. Fasting Management: Fasting for 12-36 hours after step S11; S13. Adaptation training: After step S12, the fish are transferred to a temporary holding tank for 8-16 hours; S2. Transportation: After temporary holding, the mixture is loaded onto a truck for transportation, and the composition described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is added to the water in which it is transported.

[0027] Optionally, in S12, the fish are not fed for 20-28 hours.

[0028] Optionally, in S11, vitamin C is added to the fish diet for 2 to 4 days (preferably 3 days).

[0029] Optionally, after step S12, the fish are transferred to a temporary holding tank for 10 to 14 hours (preferably 12 hours).

[0030] Optionally, the holding tank uses clean water as the aquaculture water.

[0031] As an alternative implementation method, the above method requires a water temperature of 18~24℃ and dissolved oxygen ≥5mg / L during transportation.

[0032] Preferably, in the above method, an adsorbent is added to the transport water, and the adsorbent is zeolite powder or clay mineral.

[0033] The clay minerals mentioned are bentonite, kaolin, attapulgite, etc.

[0034] Preferably, in the above method, in step (3), the amount of the above composition added is 1~5 mL / m 3 Water bodies.

[0035] More preferably, the amount of the above composition added is 1~3 mL / m 3 Water bodies.

[0036] As an alternative implementation, the vitamin C-containing feed contains 600-800 mg of vitamin C per kilogram of feed.

[0037] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a method to improve the survival rate and reduce stress response in intensive aquatic transport. By adding the aquatic transport composition of this invention to the transport water, combined with pretreatment measures, the transport effect is significantly improved. Experiments using this invention demonstrate that fish transported over long distances using this method exhibit significantly reduced stress behavior, with an immediate survival rate exceeding 98.5%. Surviving individuals show strong vitality, rapid recovery to feeding, and no significant delayed mortality within 7 days. Further introduction of zeolite powder as an adsorbent effectively delays the accumulation of metabolic wastes such as ammonia nitrogen. In large-scale short-distance transport of fish, the fish maintain intact body surfaces without mechanical damage or stress-induced congestion, achieving an immediate survival rate as high as 99.8% with extremely low overall physiological disturbance levels.

[0038] All components of the composition used in this invention are food-grade raw materials, safe, non-toxic, and pose no risk of residue, meeting the requirements for green aquatic product transportation. Furthermore, there is a synergistic effect among the components in the composition of this invention; the absence or substitution of any component will lead to a significant decrease in transportation efficiency.

[0039] In summary, the transportation method provided by this invention is simple to operate, environmentally friendly, and can be seamlessly adapted to existing aquatic product transportation equipment. It requires no additional modification or water change during the journey, has good universality and scalability, and is applicable to a variety of aquatic products and different transportation distances and scenarios. It has great application prospects and value. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the state of grass carp after transportation in Example 4.

[0041] Figure 2 The image shows the condition of grass carp after transportation, as shown in Comparative Example 5. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in this technical field.

[0043] Unless otherwise specified, all reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0044] The white oil is food-grade white oil, with CAS number 8042-47-5.

[0045] The hydrophobic silica is food-grade hydrophobic silica, CAS number 112945-52-5, purchased from Guangdong Xinrurong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0046] Span 80, CAS No. 1338-43-8, was purchased from Guangdong Runhua Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0047] Tween 80, CAS No. 9005-65-6, was purchased from Guangdong Runhua Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0048] The hydrophilic silica is food-grade hydrophilic silica, CAS number 7631-86-9, manufactured by Guangdong Xinrurong Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The basic feed is tilapia extruded compound feed, brand name Hengxing, manufacturer is Zhuhai Hengxing Feed Industry Co., Ltd.

[0049] Example 1 A composition for improving the survival rate of aquatic transport, comprising, by weight percentage: 80% white oil, 10% hydrophobic silica, 5% Span 80, 4% Tween 80, and 1% hydrophilic silica.

[0050] Example 2 A composition for improving the survival rate of aquatic transport, comprising, by weight percentage: 70% white oil, 15% hydrophobic silica, 7% Span 80, 7% Tween 80, and 1% hydrophilic silica.

[0051] Example 3 A composition for improving the survival rate of aquatic transport, comprising, by weight percentage: 85% white oil, 5% hydrophobic silica, 5% Span 80, 4% Tween 80, and 1% hydrophilic silica.

[0052] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that no hydrophobic silica is added.

[0053] A composition comprising, by weight percentage: 90% white oil, 5% Span 80, 4% Tween 80, and 1% hydrophilic silica.

[0054] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the Span 80 and Tween 80 components are replaced with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.

[0055] A composition for improving the survival rate of aquatic products during transportation, comprising, by weight percentage: 80% white oil, 10% hydrophobic silica, 9% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and 1% hydrophilic silica.

[0056] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that the white oil is replaced with polydimethylsiloxane.

[0057] A composition comprising, by weight percentage: 80% polydimethylsiloxane, 10% hydrophobic silica, 5% Span 80, 4% Tween 80, and 1% hydrophilic silica.

[0058] Comparative Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that hydrophobic silica is replaced with isooctyl alcohol.

[0059] A composition comprising, by weight percentage: 80% white oil, 10% isooctanol, 5% Span 80, 4% Tween 80, and 1% hydrophilic silica.

[0060] Example 4: Long-distance transportation of grass carp I. Specific Transportation Conditions 1. Target fish for transport: Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), weighing 1-2 kg, healthy and disease-free; 2. Transportation vehicle: Standard live fish transport vehicle with an effective water volume of 10 m³. 3 ; 3. Loading density: 300 kg / m³ 3 ; 4. Transportation time: 20 hours (continuous transportation throughout the entire process, without any transfers or stops); 5. Water temperature control: The temperature is kept constant at 22℃ throughout the process (which is at the lower limit of the optimal temperature range for grass carp, taking into account both metabolic inhibition and stress relief). 6. Dissolved oxygen guarantee: The dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water body is kept stable at ≥ 5 mg / L throughout the transportation process.

[0061] II. Pre-transportation processing stage 1. Fasting Management Stop feeding the fish 36 hours before transport. 2. Nutritional fortification Three days before the fish stop eating, add vitamin C to the basic feed at a rate of 700 mg / kg of feed. 3. Adaptive training Twelve hours before loading, the fish were transferred to a freshwater holding tank (DO>6.5 mg / L, pH 7.2~7.6) to allow them to adapt to the stress environment and empty their intestines.

[0062] III. Transportation Additive Usage Plan The stock solution of the composition from Example 1 was used as a transport additive.

[0063] Dilution preparation: Take 100 mL of the stock solution of the composition in Example 1, add 1900 mL of 35℃ warm water, dilute at a ratio of 1:19, stir thoroughly for 10 min, and prepare a uniform mixture.

[0064] The amount of the mixture added is 10 mL based on the original solution, i.e., 1 mL / m 3 Water bodies.

[0065] Fill the fish truck with water to 5 m 3 At half-load water level, the mixture is evenly sprayed into the impact zone of the inlet, using the water flow to achieve rapid dispersion; all additions are completed after the fish are loaded onto the truck and before departure.

[0066] Example 5: Long-distance transportation of grass carp The difference from Example 4 is that the transport additive uses the original solution of the composition from Example 2 as the transport additive, while the remaining steps are the same as in Example 4.

[0067] Example 6: Long-distance transportation of grass carp The difference from Example 4 is that the transport additive uses the original solution of the composition from Example 3 as the transport additive, while the remaining steps are the same as in Example 4.

[0068] Example 7: Short-distance, high-density transportation of large-scale grass carp fry I. Specific Transportation Conditions 1. Target fish for transport: Healthy grass carp fry, approximately 10 cm in length; 2. Transportation vehicle: Standard live fish transport vehicle with an effective water volume of 8 m³. 3 ; 3. Loading density: 360 kg / m³ 3 ; 4. Transportation time: 5 hours (short-distance inter-regional transfer); 5. Water temperature control: The temperature is kept constant at 20℃ throughout the process (at the lower limit of the optimal physiological temperature range for grass carp, taking into account both metabolic inhibition and stress relief). 6. Dissolved oxygen guarantee: The dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water body is kept stable at ≥ 5 mg / L throughout the transportation process.

[0069] II. Pre-transportation processing stage 1. Fasting Management Stop feeding the fish 48 hours before transport. 2. Nutritional fortification Three days before the fish stop eating, add vitamin C to the basic feed at a rate of 700 mg / kg of feed. 3. Adaptive training Twelve hours before loading, the fish were transferred to a freshwater holding tank (DO>6.5 mg / L, pH 7.2~7.6) to allow them to adapt to the stress environment and empty their intestines.

[0070] III. Transportation Additive Usage Plan The stock solution of the composition from Example 1 was used as a transport additive.

[0071] Dilution preparation: Take 100 mL of the stock solution of the composition in Example 1, add 1900 mL of 35℃ warm water, dilute at a ratio of 1:19, stir thoroughly for 10 min, and prepare a uniform mixture.

[0072] The amount of the mixture added: based on the original solution, the total volume is 24 mL, i.e., 3 mL / m 3 Water bodies.

[0073] Zeolite powder was pre-added to the water conveyance body at a rate of 1 kg / m³. 3 Fill the fish truck with water to 5 m. 3 At half-load water level, the mixture is evenly sprayed into the impact zone of the inlet, using the water flow to achieve rapid dispersion; all additions are completed after the fish are loaded onto the truck and before departure.

[0074] Comparative Example 5 The difference from Example 4 is that water is used instead of the transport additive, while the rest of the steps are the same as in Example 4.

[0075] Comparative Example 6 The difference from Example 4 is that the composition stock solution of Comparative Example 1 is used as the transport additive, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 4.

[0076] Comparative Example 7 The difference from Example 4 is that the composition stock solution of Comparative Example 2 is used as the transport additive, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 4.

[0077] Comparative Example 8 The difference from Example 4 is that the composition stock solution of Comparative Example 3 is used as the transport additive, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 4.

[0078] Comparative Example 9 The difference from Example 4 is that the composition stock solution of Comparative Example 4 is used as the transport additive, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 4.

[0079] Experimental Example 1 I. Experimental Methods To verify the practical application effects of different compositions and methods in aquatic product transportation, transportation experiments were conducted on grass carp or grass carp fry using the transportation schemes of Examples 4-7 and Comparative Examples 5-9. Survival rates were immediately recorded after transportation and observed continuously for 7 days, with delayed mortality recorded. The survival rate of fish 7 days after transportation was statistically analyzed. Simultaneously, the physicochemical state of the transportation water and stress-related indicators such as fish behavior and body surface condition were observed throughout the process.

[0080] Survival rate = (Initial number of fish transported - Number of surviving fish) / Initial number of fish transported × 100% II. Experimental Results Table 1 shows the fish survival rates under different transportation schemes in the various embodiments and comparative examples. The results indicate that: (1) Examples 4-6 (long-distance transportation, 20 h) Example 4: Grass carp condition after transportation (see diagram) Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the water surface remained stable throughout the transportation process, indicating that the surface tension of the water was effectively regulated and the mucus aggregation phenomenon was significantly suppressed. Upon arrival at the destination, the immediate survival rate was ≥ 98%; after transportation, the fish were vigorous and resumed feeding behavior within 24 hours of entering the pond, and the cumulative survival rate remained stable over 7 days, with no significant delayed mortality.

[0081] (2) Example 7 (short-distance high-density transportation of fish fry, 5 h) The water used for transportation remained clear and transparent throughout, and the immediate survival rate of the fish reached 99.8%. The fish had intact bodies without mechanical damage, and there were no signs of stress-induced congestion or excessive mucus shedding, indicating that the stress level during transportation was extremely low.

[0082] (3) Comparative Example 5 (blank control, no composition added) Comparative Example 5: Grass carp condition after transport (see diagram) Figure 2 As shown, obvious symptoms of hypoxia and stress (such as surfacing, swimming around, and agitation in groups) appeared after about 10 hours of transportation; the immediate survival rate upon arrival was only 65.0%; the viability of surviving individuals was severely reduced, and they continued to die within 7 days after transportation, with the cumulative survival rate after 7 days being significantly lower than that of the other example groups.

[0083] (4) Comparative Examples 6-9 (components missing or replaced) The survival rates of all comparative examples were significantly lower than those of Example 4 (p<0.05), among which: The survival rate of the fish treated with Comparative Example 6 (lacking hydrophobic silica) was reduced by 22.3% compared with Example 4, and the stress on the fish was aggravated.

[0084] The system stability of the treatment in Comparative Example 7 (where the Span 80 and Tween 80 components were replaced with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate) was poor, the composition was prone to separation and precipitation, foreign matter adhered to the fish body surface, leading to abrasions and secondary infections, and the survival rate decreased most significantly. Comparative Example 8 (white oil replaced with polydimethylsiloxane) and Comparative Example 9 (hydrophobic silica replaced with isooctyl alcohol) were both unable to effectively synergistically regulate the behavior of the water-air-fish interface. The fish stress response was aggravated, the survival rate was between 80 and 85%, and the time to resume feeding was significantly delayed.

[0085] In summary, the compositions described in this invention (Examples 1-3), combined with a systematic transportation management process, can significantly improve the survival rate of live fish transported at high density, effectively inhibit transportation stress-related behaviors and physiological damage, and the effect depends on the synergistic effect between the components. The absence or replacement of any component will lead to a significant decrease in performance.

[0086] Table 1. Survival rate statistics of grass carp / species under different transportation schemes (%)

[0087] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composition for transporting aquatic products, characterized in that, By weight percentage, it contains the following components: 70-85% white oil, 5-15% hydrophobic silica, 5-10% emulsifier, and 0.5-2% hydrophilic silica.

2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, By weight percentage, it contains the following components: 75-85% white oil, 8-12% hydrophobic silica, 5-10% emulsifier, and 0.5-1.5% hydrophilic silica.

3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The emulsifier is Span 80 and / or Tween 80.

4. The composition according to claim 3, characterized in that, The emulsifier is Span 80 and Tween 80; preferably, the mass ratio of Span 80 to Tween 80 is (1~2):(1~2).

5. The use of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in the transportation of aquatic products, or in the preparation of products that improve the stress resistance and / or survival rate of transported aquatic products.

6. A method for improving the stress resistance and survival rate of transported aquatic products, characterized in that, The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is added to the aquatic transport water.

7. A method for intensive transportation of aquatic products, characterized in that, The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is added to the aquatic transport water.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Pre-transportation processing: S11. Nutritional fortification: In addition to the fish diet, add vitamin C for 2-5 days; S12. Fasting Management: Fasting for 12-36 hours after step S11; S13. Adaptation training: After step S12, the fish are transferred to a temporary holding tank for 8-16 hours; S2. Transportation: After temporary holding, the mixture is loaded onto a truck for transportation, and the composition described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is added to the water in which it is transported.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, An adsorbent is added to the transport water, wherein the adsorbent is zeolite powder or clay mineral.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step (3), the amount of the composition described in any one of claims 1 to 3 added is 1 to 5 mL / m 3 Water bodies.

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