Stereoscopic observation device for conversion between laminar flow and turbulent flow of fluid
By designing the mechanical linkage and fluid circulation closed loop of the flow monitoring unit, the problem of multi-directional observation and automatic sensing of existing fluid laminar and turbulent flow observation devices has been solved, realizing the accurate capture of flow regime changes and improving experimental efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHAOXING UNIVERSITY
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing fluid laminar and turbulent flow observation devices cannot achieve multi-directional, three-dimensional observation, lack automatic sensing and intuitive indication of flow state changes, and the fluid is mostly used once, resulting in waste of experimental consumables and the observation results being easily affected by subjective factors.
A three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow was designed. Through the coordinated mechanical structure of the flow monitoring unit, intuitive mechanical displacement indication of flow regime changes was achieved. A closed-loop fluid circulation was constructed through the installation unit and the return unit, supporting the reciprocating use of fluid and angle adjustment.
It achieves precise capture and mechanical sensing of flow state transitions, reduces waste of experimental consumables, improves the accuracy of observation and ease of operation, and offers flexibility to adapt to different experimental setups and observation angles.
Smart Images
Figure CN122042201A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of liquid state observation, specifically a three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow of fluids. Background Technology
[0002] In fields such as fluid mechanics teaching experiments, fluid characteristic research in scientific research institutes, and industrial fluid condition simulation testing, the observation of the morphology and transformation process of laminar and turbulent flow is a crucial foundation for related work. Clear and comprehensive flow state observation results can provide key practical references for verifying fluid mechanics theories and optimizing the design of engineering fluid systems. Currently, the fluid laminar and turbulent flow observation devices used in related fields have relatively simple overall structural designs, mostly only enabling flow state observation from a single perspective. They cannot meet the needs of multi-directional and three-dimensional observation, and lack automatic sensing and intuitive indication structures for flow state transformation. They can only rely on manual judgment of flow state changes, making the observation results susceptible to subjective factors. Furthermore, the fluid in existing devices is mostly used in a single-use mode, without an effective recycling structure. Frequent fluid additions are required during experiments, resulting in a significant waste of experimental consumables. The overall convenience and practicality of use need to be improved.
[0003] Existing fluid laminar and turbulent flow observation devices still have many technical shortcomings in practical applications. Their flow monitoring units are mostly fixedly installed, making it impossible to fine-tune their horizontal position according to the layout of the experimental operating table and the connection requirements of the return pipeline, resulting in poor installation adaptability. The adjustment of the observation angle mostly requires manual movement of the device body, which is cumbersome and prone to causing the entire device to shift, making it difficult to achieve precise adjustment of the observation angle. At the same time, even if some devices have a simple fluid circulation structure, there are problems such as complex pipeline connections and insufficient flexibility in flow rate and velocity adjustment. Furthermore, there is a lack of effective linkage design between the flow monitoring structure and the indicator structure, which cannot reflect the transition state of the fluid from laminar to turbulent flow in a timely and accurate manner. This results in low accuracy and efficiency of experimental observation, making it difficult to meet the needs of refined experimental research. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent fluid flow, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: including a flow monitoring unit, wherein an installation unit for installation is installed on the lower side of the flow monitoring unit, a return unit for recirculating the water in the flow monitoring unit is installed on one side of the flow monitoring unit, and a rotation unit for selectively rotating the flow monitoring unit is installed on the lower side of the return unit.
[0006] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the flow monitoring unit includes a transparent observation tube mounted on the mounting unit, a rotating shaft connected to the inner side of the transparent observation tube, a dial plate connected to one end of the rotating shaft, and a cam plate connected to the end of the rotating shaft away from the dial plate. The flow monitoring unit also includes a mounting shell mounted on the outside of the transparent observation tube, a hydraulic pipe connected to the inner side of the mounting shell, a first piston rod connected to the inner side of the hydraulic pipe, a spring sleeved on the outer side of one end of the first piston rod, a drive block connected to one end of the first piston rod, a guide rod connected to one side of the drive block, a second piston rod connected to the inner side of the hydraulic pipe away from the first piston rod, and an indicator block connected to one end of the second piston rod.
[0007] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the transparent observation tube, the actuating disk is located in the middle of the inner side of the transparent observation tube, and the diameter of the actuating disk is smaller than the inner diameter of the transparent observation tube, the convex disk is rotatably located inside the mounting shell, one side of the driving block is an arc-shaped groove, and the outer side of the convex disk is fitted and slidably in the arc-shaped groove on one side of the driving block.
[0008] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the first piston rod and the second piston rod are respectively slidably connected to the inner side of the hydraulic pipe, the two ends of the spring are respectively fixedly connected to one side of the drive block and the outer side of one end of the hydraulic pipe, and the guide rod is slidably connected to the outer side of the mounting shell and is disposed on the upper and lower sides of the hydraulic pipe near the drive block.
[0009] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the installation unit includes a first installation plate installed on the lower side of the transparent observation tube, a guide plate provided on the lower side of the first installation plate, a threaded connection hole provided on the guide plate, and a second installation plate connected to the guide plate through the threaded connection hole and a fastening threaded rod.
[0010] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the outer side of the guide plate and the first mounting plate are slidably connected to the inner side of the second mounting plate, the second mounting plate is fixedly disposed on the upper side of the rotating unit, and the fastening threaded rod is threadedly connected to the threaded hole provided on the second mounting plate.
[0011] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the reflux unit includes a water pump installed on the rotating unit, a first connecting pipe connected to one side of the water pump, a second connecting pipe connected to the other side of the water pump, a water outlet pipe connected to one end of the second connecting pipe, the reflux unit also includes a water collection tank, a water inlet pipe connected to the lower side of the water collection tank, and a valve installed on the water inlet pipe;
[0012] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the end of the first connecting pipe away from the water pump is located at the upper middle position of the water collection tank; the end of the water outlet pipe away from the second connecting pipe is installed through the lower position of the transparent observation tube; and the end of the water inlet pipe away from the water collection tank is installed through the middle position of one side of the transparent observation tube.
[0013] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the rotating unit includes a fixed base, a partition is connected to the inner side of the fixed base, a drive motor is installed on the inner side of the fixed base, a worm is connected to the output end of the drive motor, a worm wheel is meshed on one side of the worm, a connecting shaft is connected to the middle position of the worm wheel, and a mounting plate is connected to one end of the connecting shaft.
[0014] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the end of the worm gear away from the drive motor is rotatably connected to the inner side of the fixed base, the lower end of the connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the middle position of the inner side of the fixed base, the mounting plate is rotatably disposed on the upper side of the partition, and the connecting shaft is rotatably connected through the middle position of the partition.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0016] 1. In this invention, the flow monitoring unit of this device transforms fluid flow regime changes into intuitive mechanical displacement indications through the linkage of mechanical structures. It can accurately capture the transition node from laminar to turbulent flow, eliminating the need for subjective judgment of flow regime changes by human eyes, effectively avoiding observation errors, and significantly improving the accuracy of observing the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. At the same time, the limiting and cooperating design of each transmission component ensures a stable and smooth transmission process, guaranteeing the timeliness and accuracy of flow regime indication.
[0017] 2. In this invention, the installation unit of the device can be used to finely adjust the horizontal position of the flow monitoring unit, which can flexibly adapt to the docking requirements of different experimental operating table layouts and return pipelines. The rotating unit can drive the flow monitoring unit to complete 360° rotation adjustment, realizing three-dimensional multi-directional observation of the fluid flow state, replacing the cumbersome method of manually moving the device to adjust the viewing angle. It is convenient to operate and the angle adjustment is precise, improving the installation adaptability and observation comprehensiveness of the device.
[0018] 3. In this invention, a complete fluid circulation closed loop is constructed through the reflux unit of this device, realizing the repeated recycling of experimental fluid. There is no need to frequently add experimental fluid, reducing the waste of experimental consumables. At the same time, the flow rate and volume of the fluid can be flexibly adjusted, enabling repeated observation of the transition process from laminar to turbulent flow at different flow rates. Furthermore, the pipeline connection is adapted to the rotation adjustment requirements of the rotating unit, so the fluid circulation will not be affected by the adjustment of the observation angle, thus improving the repeatability of the experiment and the overall operational efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow according to the present invention. Figure 1 ;
[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow according to the present invention. Figure 2 ;
[0021] Figure 3 This is a partial exploded view of the structure of a three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow according to the present invention. Figure 1 ;
[0022] Figure 4 This is a partial structural cross-section of a three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow according to the present invention. Figure 1 ;
[0023] Figure 5 This is a partial structural cross-section of a three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow according to the present invention. Figure 2 ;
[0024] Figure 6 This is a partial exploded view of the structure of a three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow according to the present invention. Figure 2 .
[0025] In the diagram: 1. Flow monitoring unit; 11. Transparent observation tube; 12. Rotating shaft; 13. Actuating disc; 14. Protruding disc; 15. Mounting shell; 16. Hydraulic pipe; 17. First piston rod; 18. Spring; 19. Drive block; 110. Guide rod; 111. Second piston rod; 112. Indicator block; 2. Mounting unit; 21. First mounting plate; 22. Guide plate; 23. Threaded connection hole; 24. Second mounting plate; 25. Fastening threaded rod; 3. Return unit; 31. Water pump; 32. First connecting pipe; 33. Second connecting pipe; 34. Water outlet pipe; 35. Water collection tank; 36. Water inlet pipe; 37. Valve; 4. Rotating unit; 41. Fixed base; 42. Partition plate; 43. Drive motor; 44. Worm gear; 45. Worm wheel; 46. Connecting shaft; 47. Mounting disc. Detailed Implementation
[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0027] Example
[0028] Please see Figures 1-6 This is a schematic diagram of some embodiments of a three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow in this application.
[0029] In some embodiments, the three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow can be applied to fields such as fluid mechanics teaching experiments in universities, fluid characteristic research in scientific research institutions, and industrial fluid condition simulation testing. Specifically, university teaching experiments can use it to visually demonstrate the morphology and transition conditions of laminar and turbulent flow; scientific research institutions can use it to study the flow regime transition laws under different flow velocities and fluid media; and industrial testing can use it to simulate the fluid flow regime within pipelines to optimize pipeline design. This embodiment describes the device's application in university fluid mechanics teaching experiments as an example. Of course, observation devices in other application areas can also adopt similar structures, which will not be elaborated further below.
[0030] It is understood that the attached drawings only schematically show the flow monitoring unit 1, installation unit 2, reflux unit 3, and rotation unit 4 included in the observation device. The actual shape, size, and position of these components are not limited by the attached drawings. The observation device may also include auxiliary components such as flow meters, fluid dyeing components, and scale marking stickers to improve the accuracy of observation and ease of operation.
[0031] In some embodiments, the three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow may include a flow monitoring unit 1, a mounting unit 2, a reflux unit 3, and a rotation unit 4. The mounting unit 2 is mounted on the lower side of the flow monitoring unit 1 and is used to fix the flow monitoring unit 1 and fine-tune its position. The reflux unit 3 is mounted on one side of the flow monitoring unit 1 and is used to realize the recirculation and reuse of the fluid. The rotation unit 4 is mounted on the lower side of the reflux unit 3 and is connected to the mounting unit 2, and is used to drive the flow monitoring unit 1 to rotate and adjust the observation angle.
[0032] For example, the observation device may also include a fluid dyeing component (not shown in the figure), which can be installed at the liquid inlet end of the transparent observation tube 11. By adding a harmless dye to the fluid, the flow boundary between laminar and turbulent flow is made clearer, making it easier to observe the flow transition process intuitively.
[0033] In some embodiments, the flow monitoring unit 1 includes a transparent observation tube 11, a rotating shaft 12, a toggle disc 13, a convex disc 14, a mounting shell 15, a hydraulic pipe 16, a first piston rod 17, a spring 18, a drive block 19, a guide rod 110, a second piston rod 111, and an indicator block 112. Specifically: the transparent observation tube 11 is a high borosilicate glass cylindrical tube, possessing high transparency, water pressure resistance, and impact resistance, serving as an observation carrier for fluid flow, with its inner side being a fluid flow channel; the rotating shaft 12 is a stainless steel cylindrical rod, rotatably connected to the transparent observation tube 11, with one end extending to the inner side of the transparent observation tube 11 and the other end extending to the outer side and cooperating with the mounting shell 15; the toggle disc 13 is an acrylic circular disc, fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft 12 located inside the transparent observation tube 11, positioned at the middle of the inner side of the transparent observation tube 11, and the diameter of the toggle disc 13 is smaller than the inner aperture of the transparent observation tube 11, allowing fluid to flow through the toggle disc. The fluid flows through the gap between the disc 13 and the tube body. When the fluid flow changes to turbulence, the impact force of the fluid can drive the actuating disc 13 to rotate. The convex disc 14 is a stainless steel circular disc, fixedly connected to the end of the rotating shaft 12 away from the actuating disc 13, and rotatably mounted inside the mounting shell 15, rotating synchronously with the rotating shaft 12. Its outer side has an arc-shaped structure, which can form a sliding fit with the drive block 19. The mounting shell 15 is an aluminum alloy square shell, fixedly sleeved on the outside of the transparent observation tube 11, providing installation and protection space for the hydraulic transmission components. The hydraulic pipe 16 is a stainless steel seamless pipe, fixedly installed inside the mounting shell 15, filled with hydraulic oil, and serves as the medium channel for hydraulic transmission. The first piston rod 17 is a stainless steel rod, which is slidably connected to the inner side of one end of the hydraulic pipe 16. One end of the rod extends to the inner side of the mounting housing 15 and is connected to the drive block 19, while the other end is located inside the hydraulic pipe 16. The spring 18 is a piano wire compression spring, which is sleeved on the outer side of one end of the first piston rod 17. The two ends of the spring 18 are respectively fixedly connected to one side of the drive block 19 and the outer side of one end of the hydraulic pipe 16, providing a restoring elastic force for the drive block 19. The drive block 19 is an aluminum alloy block structure with an arc-shaped groove on one side. The outer side of the cam 14 slides in the arc-shaped groove on one side of the drive block 19. When the cam 14 rotates, it can push the drive block 19 through the arc-shaped groove. The guide rod 110 is a stainless steel cylindrical rod that is slidably connected to the outside of the mounting shell 15 and is located on the upper and lower sides of the hydraulic pipe 16 near the drive block 19. It guides and limits the linear movement of the drive block 19 and prevents the drive block 19 from deviating. The second piston rod 111 is a stainless steel rod that is slidably connected to the inside of the hydraulic pipe 16 away from the first piston rod 17. It converts the hydraulic thrust in the hydraulic pipe 16 into linear displacement. The indicator block 112 is a colored acrylic block that is fixedly connected to the end of the second piston rod 111 away from the hydraulic pipe 16 and extends out of the mounting shell 15. It is used to visually display the change state of the fluid flow.
[0034] It should be noted that when the fluid inside the transparent observation tube 11 is in a laminar flow state, the fluid flow is stable, and the impact force on the actuating disk 13 is small, so it cannot drive the actuating disk 13 to rotate. The cam 14 remains stationary, the drive block 19 is in its initial position under the preload of the spring 18, the first piston rod 17 and the second piston rod 111 have no displacement, and the indicator block 112 remains stationary, indicating that the current state is laminar flow. When the fluid velocity increases and gradually changes to a turbulent state, the impact force generated by the irregular flow of the fluid drives the actuating disk 13 to rotate, and the actuating disk 13 passes through... The rotating shaft 12 drives the cam 14 to rotate synchronously. The arc-shaped outer side of the cam 14 pushes the arc-shaped groove of the drive block 19, causing the drive block 19 to overcome the elastic force of the spring 18 and move in a straight line. The drive block 19 drives the first piston rod 17 to slide into the hydraulic pipe 16, squeezing the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pipe 16. The thrust generated by the hydraulic oil pushes the second piston rod 111 to slide outward of the hydraulic pipe 16. The second piston rod 111 drives the indicator block 112 to move synchronously. The displacement distance of the indicator block 112 can intuitively reflect the intensity of turbulence, realizing the mechanical sensing and visual indication of the flow state change.
[0035] Understandably, the diameter of the transparent observation tube 11 and the size of the dial 13 shown in the attached figure are only schematic and can be adjusted according to the fluid medium being observed (such as water, glycerol, or air), and are not limited here. For example, when studying the flow regime of high-viscosity fluids, a transparent observation tube 11 with a smaller diameter can be used to improve the sensitivity of observing flow regime changes.
[0036] In some other embodiments, a number of arc-shaped paddles may be provided on the outer side of the actuation disk 13 to increase the impact contact area of the fluid on the actuation disk 13, further improving the device's sensitivity to low-velocity turbulence, without being limited to using only a smooth circular disk structure.
[0037] In some embodiments, the mounting unit 2 includes a first mounting plate 21, a guide plate 22, a fastening threaded rod 25, and a second mounting plate 24. The first mounting plate 21 is a stainless steel square plate, fixedly connected to the lower side of the transparent observation tube 11, thus achieving a fixed connection between the flow monitoring unit 1 and the mounting unit 2. The guide plate 22 is a stainless steel square plate, integrally formed on the lower side of the first mounting plate 21, and has a threaded connection hole 23 on it, forming a threaded engagement with the fastening threaded rod 25. The second mounting plate 24 is a stainless steel square plate, fixedly mounted on the upper side of the rotating unit 4, and has a sliding groove on its inner side that matches the guide plate 22, providing a mounting base for the flow monitoring unit 1. The fastening threaded rod 25 is a stainless steel threaded rod, threadedly connected to the threaded hole on the second mounting plate 24, and one end of it can engage with the threaded connection hole 23 of the guide plate 22 to lock the position of the guide plate 22.
[0038] It should be noted that the outer sides of the guide plate 22 and the first mounting plate 21 are slidably connected to the inner side of the second mounting plate 24. Pushing the first mounting plate 21 can drive the guide plate 22 to slide linearly along the sliding groove of the second mounting plate 24, thereby realizing the fine adjustment of the horizontal position of the flow monitoring unit 1 to adapt to different observation angles and pipeline docking requirements of the return unit 3. After the position is adjusted to a suitable position, the fastening threaded rod 25 is rotated clockwise so that one end of the fastening threaded rod 25 is screwed into the threaded connection hole 23 of the guide plate 22. The threaded locking force fixes the guide plate 22 and the second mounting plate 24 relatively, preventing the flow monitoring unit 1 from shifting position during operation.
[0039] For example, multiple sets of threaded connection holes 23 on the guide plate 22 can be provided and evenly distributed along the sliding direction of the guide plate 22. By cooperating with the fastening threaded rod 25, multiple positions of the flow monitoring unit 1 can be fixed, improving the flexibility of position adjustment.
[0040] In some embodiments, the reflux unit 3 includes a water pump 31, a first connecting pipe 32, a second connecting pipe 33, an outlet pipe 34, a water collection tank 35, an inlet pipe 36, and a valve 37. The water pump 31 is a miniature self-priming water pump 31, installed on the rotating unit 4, providing power for fluid circulation. Its power can be adjusted according to the diameter of the transparent observation tube 11 and the fluid viscosity. The first connecting pipe 32 is a PVC transparent flexible tube, one end of which is connected to the inlet of the water pump 31, and the end away from the water pump 31 is located at the upper middle position of the water collection tank 35, used to transport the fluid in the water collection tank 35 to the water pump 31. The second connecting pipe 33 is a PVC transparent flexible tube, one end of which is connected to the outlet of the water pump 31, and the other end is connected to the outlet pipe 34. The water pump 31 is used to transport the fluid output to the outlet pipe 34. The outlet pipe 34 is a rigid acrylic pipe, with one end away from the second connecting pipe 33 passing through the lower side of the transparent observation pipe 11 to provide a fluid input channel for the transparent observation pipe 11. The water collection tank 35 is a plastic tank used to store circulating fluid and collect the fluid flowing out of the transparent observation pipe 11. The water inlet pipe 36 is a rigid acrylic pipe, with one end away from the water collection tank 35 passing through the middle of one side of the transparent observation pipe 11 to connect the transparent observation pipe 11 and the water collection tank 35, so that the fluid in the transparent observation pipe 11 flows into the water collection tank 35 for recycling. The valve 37 is a plastic ball valve installed on the water inlet pipe 36 to control the opening and closing of the water inlet pipe 36 and to regulate the fluid flow.
[0041] It should be noted that the reflux unit 3 realizes the reciprocating recycling of fluid. During operation, valve 37 is opened, and the fluid flows upward along the transparent observation tube 11. During the flow, its flow regime changes can be observed. Finally, it flows back to the collection tank 35 through the outlet pipe 34 and the water pump 31, forming a closed-loop fluid circulation of extraction, transportation, observation, and recovery. The fluid velocity can be changed by the opening degree of valve 37. Adjusting the opening degree of valve 37 can help control the flow rate of the fluid in the tube, thereby enabling repeated observation of the transition process from laminar to turbulent flow at different flow velocities without the need for frequent fluid addition, saving experimental consumables.
[0042] In this embodiment, the first connecting pipe 32 and the second connecting pipe 33 are made of PVC transparent flexible tubing, which can flexibly adjust the pipeline direction to meet the pipeline docking requirements after the rotating unit 4 drives the flow monitoring unit 1 to rotate; the outlet pipe 34 and the inlet pipe 36 are made of rigid acrylic tubing to ensure the stability of fluid transportation, while not affecting the flow state observation.
[0043] In some embodiments, the rotating unit 4 includes a fixed base 41, a partition 42, a drive motor 43, a worm gear 44, a worm wheel 45, a connecting shaft 46, and a mounting plate 47. The fixed base 41 is a cast iron square base, heavy and stable, serving as the supporting foundation for the entire device and preventing tipping during operation. The partition 42 is a stainless steel square plate, fixedly connected to the inner side of the fixed base 41, dividing the interior of the fixed base 41 into a power chamber and a mounting chamber, achieving isolation and protection between the power component and the mounting component. The drive motor 43 is a geared stepper motor, installed in the power chamber of the fixed base 41, providing power for rotational adjustment and enabling precise angle control. The worm gear 44 is a stainless steel worm gear, one end of which is connected to the output end of the drive motor 43 and located away from the drive motor 43. One end of the drive motor 43 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the fixed base 41 and rotates synchronously with the drive motor 43; the worm wheel 45 is a stainless steel worm wheel 45, which meshes with one side of the worm 44, and achieves speed reduction and torque increase through the transmission of the worm 44 and worm wheel 45, thereby improving the stability of rotation adjustment; the connecting shaft 46 is a stainless steel cylindrical rod, which is fixedly connected to the middle position of the worm wheel 45, and its lower end is rotatably connected to the middle position of the inner side of the fixed base 41, and the connecting shaft 46 is rotatably connected to the middle position of the partition plate 42, and rotates synchronously with the worm wheel 45; the mounting plate 47 is a stainless steel circular plate, which is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting shaft 46 and rotatably set on the upper side of the partition plate 42, and the second mounting plate 24 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the mounting plate 47 to achieve a fixed connection with the mounting unit 2.
[0044] It should be noted that the rotating unit 4 drives the flow monitoring unit 1 to rotate through the meshing transmission of the worm gear 44 and the worm wheel 45. During operation, the drive motor 43 is started, which drives the worm gear 44 to rotate. The worm gear 44 drives the worm wheel 45 to rotate at a reduced speed. The worm wheel 45 drives the mounting plate 47 to rotate synchronously through the connecting shaft 46. The mounting plate 47 drives the flow monitoring unit 1 to rotate through the second mounting plate 24 and the first mounting plate 21, thereby realizing the 360° rotation adjustment of the flow monitoring unit 1. This allows the observer to observe the laminar and turbulent flow patterns and transformation processes of the fluid in the transparent observation tube 11 from any angle in three dimensions, solving the problem of the single viewing angle of traditional fixed observation devices.
[0045] For example, the rotating unit 4 may also include an angle scale (not shown in the figure), which is installed on the upper side of the partition 42 and cooperates with the outer side of the mounting plate 47. It can intuitively display the rotation angle of the flow monitoring unit 1, making it easy to accurately adjust the observation angle, and at the same time realize comparative experiments of flow state observation at different angles.
[0046] In some other embodiments, the rotating unit 4 can also adopt a manual rotation structure. The drive motor 43, worm 44, and worm wheel 45 are removed, and the connecting shaft 46 is directly rotated to connect with the mounting plate 47. The angle of the flow monitoring unit 1 can be adjusted by manually pushing the mounting plate 47. This is suitable for scenarios without power supply and is not limited to using only an electric rotation structure.
[0047] Working principle: The initial state of this device is as follows: the valve 37 of the return unit 3 is closed, the water pump 31 is not started, and there is no fluid flow in the transparent observation tube 11; the actuating disk 13 of the flow monitoring unit 1 remains stationary, the drive block 19 is in the initial position under the action of the spring 18, and the indicator block 112 has no displacement; the fastening threaded rod 25 of the mounting unit 2 locks the guide plate 22 to the second mounting plate 24, and the position of the flow monitoring unit 1 is fixed; the drive motor 43 of the rotating unit 4 is not started, and the flow monitoring unit 1 is at the initial observation angle;
[0048] During the experiment, experimental fluid was first added to the water collection tank 35, and the valve 37 of the return unit 3 was opened. The fluid flowed upward along the transparent observation tube 11 and flowed back to the water collection tank 35 through the inlet pipe 36, forming a fluid circulation. In the initial stage, the fluid was in a laminar flow state, and the flow was stable. The agitator 13 did not rotate, and the indicator block 112 remained stationary. The observer could observe the laminar flow pattern from the initial angle. As the valve 37 was opened and closed further, when the fluid velocity reached the critical value for the flow state transition, the fluid gradually changed to turbulent flow. The impact force of the turbulence drove the agitator 13 to rotate. The agitator 13 drove the cam 14 to rotate through the rotating shaft 12. The cam 14 pushed the drive block 19 to overcome the spring 18. Force is applied to drive block 19, which drives first piston rod 17 to squeeze hydraulic oil. The hydraulic oil pushes second piston rod 111, which in turn moves indicator block 112, thus mechanically indicating the change in flow state. At this time, the observer can intuitively judge the generation of turbulence by the displacement of indicator block 112. Drive motor 43 of rotating unit 4 is started. Drive motor 43 drives mounting plate 47 to rotate through worm gear 44 and worm wheel 45. Mounting plate 47 drives flow monitoring unit 1 to rotate 360°. The observer can observe the shape and distribution of turbulence from any angle in three dimensions. Water pump 31 is started. After all the fluid in transparent observation tube 11 flows back to water collection tank 35, valve 37 is closed to complete the experimental operation.
[0049] If it is necessary to adjust the horizontal position of the flow monitoring unit 1, the fastening threaded rod 25 can be rotated counterclockwise to disengage the fastening threaded rod 25 from the threaded connection hole 23 of the guide plate 22, push the first mounting plate 21 to drive the guide plate 22 to slide along the second mounting plate 24, and after adjusting to the appropriate position, the fastening threaded rod 25 can be rotated clockwise to lock it.
[0050] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
[0051] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art, inspired by this description, design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the scope of protection of this invention.
[0052] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent fluid flow, characterized in that: The device includes a flow monitoring unit (1), an installation unit (2) for installation is installed on the lower side of the flow monitoring unit (1), a return unit (3) for recirculating the water in the flow monitoring unit (1) is installed on one side of the flow monitoring unit (1), and a rotation unit (4) for selectively rotating the flow monitoring unit (1) is installed on the lower side of the return unit (3).
2. The three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow monitoring unit (1) includes a transparent observation tube (11) mounted on a mounting unit (2). A rotating shaft (12) is connected to the inner side of the transparent observation tube (11). One end of the rotating shaft (12) is connected to a dial (13), and the end of the rotating shaft (12) away from the dial (13) is connected to a cam (14). The flow monitoring unit (1) also includes a mounting shell (15) mounted on the outside of the transparent observation tube (11). The inner side of the mounting shell (15) is connected to a liquid... A hydraulic pipe (16) is connected to a first piston rod (17) on its inner side. A spring (18) is sleeved on the outer side of one end of the first piston rod (17). A drive block (19) is connected to one end of the first piston rod (17). A guide rod (110) is connected to one side of the drive block (19). A second piston rod (111) is connected to the inner side of the hydraulic pipe (16) away from the first piston rod (17). An indicator block (112) is connected to one end of the second piston rod (111).
3. The three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating shaft (12) is rotatably connected to the transparent observation tube (11). The actuating disk (13) is located in the middle of the inner side of the transparent observation tube (11), and the diameter of the actuating disk (13) is smaller than the inner diameter of the transparent observation tube (11). The convex disk (14) is rotatably located inside the mounting shell (15). One side of the driving block (19) is an arc-shaped groove, and the outer side of the convex disk (14) slides against the arc-shaped groove on one side of the driving block (19).
4. The three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first piston rod (17) and the second piston rod (111) are respectively slidably connected to the inner side of the hydraulic pipe (16). The two ends of the spring (18) are respectively fixedly connected to one side of the drive block (19) and the outer side of one end of the hydraulic pipe (16). The guide rod (110) is slidably connected to the outer side of the mounting shell (15) and is located on the upper and lower sides of the hydraulic pipe (16) near the drive block (19).
5. A three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mounting unit (2) includes a first mounting plate (21) mounted on the lower side of the transparent observation tube (11). A guide plate (22) is provided on the lower side of the first mounting plate (21). A threaded connection hole (23) is provided on the guide plate (22). The guide plate (22) is connected to a second mounting plate (24) through the threaded connection hole (23) and a fastening threaded rod (25).
6. A three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer side of the guide plate (22) and the first mounting plate (21) are slidably connected to the inner side of the second mounting plate (24). The second mounting plate (24) is fixedly set on the upper side of the rotating unit (4). The fastening threaded rod (25) is threadedly connected to the threaded hole provided on the second mounting plate (24).
7. A three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reflux unit (3) includes a water pump (31) installed on the rotating unit (4). A first connecting pipe (32) is connected to one side of the water pump (31), and a second connecting pipe (33) is connected to the other side of the water pump (31). One end of the second connecting pipe (33) is connected to a water outlet pipe (34). The reflux unit (3) also includes a water collection tank (35). A water inlet pipe (36) is connected to the lower side of the water collection tank (35), and a valve (37) is installed on the water inlet pipe (36).
8. A three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow according to claim 7, characterized in that: The end of the first connecting pipe (32) away from the water pump (31) is located at the upper middle position of the water collection tank (35). The end of the water outlet pipe (34) away from the second connecting pipe (33) is located through the lower position of the transparent observation tube (11). The end of the water inlet pipe (36) away from the water collection tank (35) is located through the middle position of one side of the transparent observation tube (11).
9. A three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rotating unit (4) includes a fixed base (41), a partition (42) is connected to the inner side of the fixed base (41), a drive motor (43) is installed on the inner side of the fixed base (41), a worm (44) is connected to the output end of the drive motor (43), a worm wheel (45) is meshed on one side of the worm (44), a connecting shaft (46) is connected to the middle position of the worm wheel (45), and a mounting plate (47) is connected to one end of the connecting shaft (46).
10. A three-dimensional observation device for the transition between laminar and turbulent flow according to claim 9, characterized in that: The end of the worm gear (44) away from the drive motor (43) is rotatably connected to the inner side of the fixed base (41), the lower end of the connecting shaft (46) is rotatably connected to the middle position of the inner side of the fixed base (41), the mounting plate (47) is rotatably set on the upper side of the partition (42), and the connecting shaft (46) is rotatably connected through the middle position of the partition (42).