Air management in surgical exhaust system

Abstract

A surgical system is disclosed, the surgical system comprising: a power source operable to provide an amount of source power; a first surgical module electrically coupled to the power source; a second surgical module electrically coupled to the power source; and a controller operable to determine an amount of free power available to the second surgical module from the power source. The first surgical module is transitionable between an idle state in which the first surgical module draws a first amount of power from the power source and an active state in which the first surgical module draws a second amount of power from the power source that is greater than the first amount of power. The amount of free power corresponds to a difference between the amount of source power and the amount of power drawn by the first surgical module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to surgical systems, and more specifically to air intake and exhaust systems used in surgical systems. Background Technology

[0002] During surgical procedures involving energy devices, blowers are typically used to deliver air into the patient's body cavity, thereby enhancing visibility and access to the cavity. During surgery, when an energy device is used, smoke is generated at the surgical site. Surgical smoke extractors are configured to extract smoke, as well as fluids and / or particles, from the surgical site. Summary of the Invention

[0003] According to a first aspect, a surgical system includes: a power source operable to provide a source power amount; a first surgical module electrically coupled to the power source and operable to switch between: an idle state in which the first surgical module draws a first power amount from the power source; and an active state in which the first surgical module draws a second power amount greater than the first power amount from the power source; a second surgical module electrically coupled to the power source; and a controller operable to determine a free power amount available from the power source for the second surgical module, wherein the free power amount corresponds to the difference between the source power amount and the power amount drawn by the first surgical module.

[0004] According to a second aspect, a surgical system includes: a power source operable to provide a source power amount; a surgical module including a pump; a pressure chamber fluidly connected to the pump and a patient's body cavity; a first valve operable to switch between an open state and a closed state, the open state for fluidly connecting the surgical module and the pressure chamber, and the closed state for fluidly disconnecting the surgical module from the pressure chamber; a second valve operable to switch between an open state and a closed state, the open state for fluidly connecting the pressure chamber and the patient's body cavity, and the closed state for fluidly disconnecting the pressure chamber from the patient's body cavity; and a controller operable to: determine a free power amount available from the power source for a motor, the free power amount being less than the source power amount; and selectively switch the first valve and the second valve between the open state and the closed state based on the free power amount.

[0005] According to a third aspect, a surgical system includes: an inhalation pump configured to drive gas into a patient; an exhaust pump configured to extract smoke from the patient; and a common pump configured to selectively drive gas into the patient and extract smoke from the patient. Attached Figure Description

[0006] The following figures are included to illustrate certain aspects of this disclosure and should not be considered as exclusive embodiments. The subject matter disclosed herein can have numerous modifications, alterations, combinations, and equivalents in form and function without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0007] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a computer-implemented interactive surgical system according to at least one aspect of this disclosure.

[0008] Figure 2 The diagram illustrates various modules including an energy module, a suction module, and an inhalation module, as well as other components that can be combined to customize a modular surgical system, according to at least one aspect of this disclosure.

[0009] Figure 3 It is based on at least one aspect of this disclosure Figure 2 The energy module and various surgical instruments that can be used with it.

[0010] Figure 4A The first exemplary modular surgical system configuration according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure includes a header module and a display screen that presents a graphical user interface (GUI) for relaying information about modules connected to the header module.

[0011] Figure 4B It is installed on the cart according to at least one aspect of this disclosure. Figure 4A An isometric view of the modular surgical system shown.

[0012] Figure 5 The second exemplary modular surgical system configuration according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure includes a head module, a display screen, two energy modules and a suction module connected together and mounted to a trolley.

[0013] Figure 6 This is a block diagram of an example modular surgical system according to at least one aspect of this disclosure.

[0014] Figure 7 It describes at least one aspect of this disclosure. Figure 2A schematic diagram of the internal components of the blow-in module.

[0015] Figure 8 It describes at least one aspect of this disclosure. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal components within the pumping module.

[0016] Figure 9 It is a block diagram of a modular surgical system according to at least one aspect of this disclosure.

[0017] Figure 10 It is a block diagram of a modular surgical system according to at least one aspect of this disclosure.

[0018] Figure 11 It is for control according to at least one aspect of this disclosure Figure 11 A flowchart of a modular surgical system.

[0019] Figure 12 It is a block diagram of a modular surgical system according to at least one aspect of this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 13 It is a cannula needle including a Luer lock connector according to at least one aspect of this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 14 A block diagram of a modular surgical system according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure is illustrated, the modular surgical system including an insufflation module for supplying insufflated gas to a patient's body cavity, an exhaust module for aspirating gas from a patient's body cavity, a common pump, three three-way valves, and three cannulas.

[0022] Figure 15 An example is illustrated of a blow-in state according to at least one aspect of this disclosure. Figure 14 The modular surgical system, in this blow-in state, uses a common pump to provide additional blow-in to the patient's body cavity.

[0023] Figure 16 Examples are given of samples in a sampling state according to at least one aspect of this disclosure. Figure 14 The modular surgical system, in this suction state, uses a common pump to draw adsorbed smoke from the patient's body cavity.

[0024] Figure 17 An example of a clean state according to at least one aspect of this disclosure is illustrated. Figure 14 Modular surgical system.

[0025] Figure 18 Examples of at least one aspect of this disclosure include a three-stage filter. Figure 14 Modular surgical system.

[0026] Figure 19A block diagram of another modular surgical system according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure is illustrated, the other modular surgical system including an insufflation module for supplying insufflated gas to a patient's body cavity, an exhaust module for aspirating gas from a patient's body cavity, a common pump, three three-way valves, a four-way valve, and three cannulas.

[0027] Figure 20 An example is illustrated of a blow-in state according to at least one aspect of this disclosure. Figure 19 The modular surgical system, in this blow-in state, uses a common pump to provide additional blow-in to the patient's body cavity.

[0028] Figure 21 Examples are given of samples in a sampling state according to at least one aspect of this disclosure. Figure 19 The modular surgical system, in this suction state, uses a common pump to draw adsorbed smoke from the patient's body cavity.

[0029] Figure 22 A block diagram of another modular surgical system according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure is illustrated, the other modular surgical system including an insufflation module for supplying insufflated gas to a patient's body cavity, an exhaust module for aspirating gas from a patient's body cavity, a common pump, three three-way valves, and four cannulas.

[0030] Figure 23 A block diagram of a modular surgical system according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0031] Figure 24 Examples of control methods according to at least one aspect of this disclosure are illustrated. Figure 23 A flowchart of a modular surgical system. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The applicant of this application has the following concurrently filed U.S. patent applications, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety: U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 950,801 entitled “IMPROVED FILTER LIFE IN SURGICAL Smoke EVACUATION SYSTEMS”; U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 951,268, entitled “INTELLIGENT INSUFFLATION AND SMOKE EVACUATION”; and U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 951,342, entitled “Setting EVACUATION MOTOR SPEEDS FOR SURGICAL TOOL EVACUATION MODULES”.

[0033] This disclosure relates to energy devices, blowing systems for delivering blown gas to a patient, and extraction systems for removing smoke and / or other fluids and / or particles from a surgical site.

[0034] Smoke is typically generated during surgical procedures utilizing one or more energy devices. These energy devices use energy to affect (treat) tissue. In these devices, energy is supplied by a generator. Energy devices include those with tissue-contact electrodes, such as electrosurgical devices with one or more radiofrequency (RF) electrodes, and those with vibrating surfaces, such as ultrasonic devices with an ultrasonic scalpel. For electrosurgical devices, the generator is configured to generate an oscillating current to power the electrodes. For ultrasonic devices, the generator is configured to generate ultrasonic vibrations to power the ultrasonic scalpel. The generator is further described herein. A suction module is used to control the amount of smoke generated by the energy device during its use.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a computer-implemented interactive surgical system 100 (hereinafter referred to as "surgical system 100") that can be used according to at least one aspect of this disclosure. Surgical system 100 includes one or more sub-surgical systems 102 and a cloud-based system (e.g., cloud 104), which may include a remote server 113 communicating with a storage device 105. Each sub-surgical system 102 includes at least one surgical hub 106 communicating with the cloud 104, which may include the remote server 113.

[0036] In one example, such as Figure 1 As illustrated, subsurgical system 102 includes visualization system 108, robotic system 110, and handheld intelligent surgical instruments 112, which are configured to communicate with each other and / or with hub 106. In some aspects, each subsurgical system 102 may include M hubs 106, N visualization systems 108, O robotic systems 110, and P handheld intelligent surgical instruments 112, where M, N, O, and P are integers greater than or equal to one. Surgical system 100 is described in more detail in U.S. Patent No. 11,666,368, entitled “METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING AND USING A MODULARSURGICAL ENERGY SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE DEVICES,” published June 6, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0037] Now for reference Figure 2 Example surgical hub 106 ( Figure 1The system can be embodied as a modular surgical system 200, which may include various different modules 201 capable of being connected together in a stacked configuration. In one aspect, the modules 201 may be physically and communicatively coupled together when stacked or otherwise connected together to form a single component. Furthermore, the modules 201 may be interchangeably connected together in different combinations or arrangements. In one aspect, each module in the module 201 may include a consistent or universal array of connectors disposed along its upper and lower surfaces, thereby allowing any module 201 to be connected to another module 201 in any arrangement (the difference being that, in some aspects, a particular module type (such as head module 202) may be configured to be used as, for example, the topmost module within a stack). In another aspect, the modular surgical system 200 may include a housing configured to receive and retain the modules 201. The modular surgical system 200 may also include various different parts or accessories that can also be connected to or otherwise associated with the modules 201.

[0038] The modular surgical system 200 can be assembled from a variety of different modules 201, some examples of which are shown in... Figure 2 As illustrated below. Each module in the different types of modules 201 can provide different functionalities, thereby allowing the modular surgical system 200 to be assembled into different configurations to customize the functionality and capabilities of the modular surgical system 200 (e.g., by customizing the modules 201 included in each modular surgical system 200). Modules 201 of the modular surgical system 200 may include, for example, a head module 202 (which may include a display 206), an energy module 204, a suction module 208, an inhalation module 210, and a visualization module 212.

[0039] In one aspect, the head module 202 is configured to function as a top or uppermost module within a modular surgical system stack, and therefore may be connector-free along its top surface. In another aspect, the head module 202 can be configured to be positioned at the bottom or lowermost module (i.e., the "footer" module) within the modular surgical system stack, and therefore may be connector-free along its bottom surface. In yet another aspect, the head module 202 can be configured to be positioned at an intermediate location within the modular surgical system stack, and therefore may include connectors along both its bottom and top surfaces. The head module 202 can be configured to be accessible via physical controls 411 on the head module ( Figure 4A ) and / or a graphical user interface (GUI) 408 presented on display 206. Figure 4AThe head module 202 is configured to control system-level settings for each module 201 and the components connected to each module. Such settings may include activation of the modular surgical system 200, alert volume, foot switch settings, settings icons, the appearance or configuration of the user interface, surgeon profiles logged into the modular surgical system 200, and / or the type of surgical procedure being performed. The head module 202 may also be configured to provide communication, processing, and / or power to the modules 201 connected to it.

[0040] Energy module 204 (optionally referred to as generator module) can be configured to generate one or more energy modes for driving electrosurgical instruments and / or ultrasound surgical instruments connected thereto. For example, see reference... Figure 3 The generator 204 is configured to drive multiple surgical instruments 300, 330, and 360. The first surgical instrument is an ultrasonic surgical instrument 300 and includes a handpiece 302 (HP), an ultrasonic transducer 304, a shaft 306, and an end effector 308. The end effector 308 includes a gripping arm 312 and an ultrasonic scalpel 310 acoustically coupled to the ultrasonic transducer 304. The handpiece 302 includes a trigger 314 for operating the gripping arm 312 and a combination of toggle buttons 316a, 316b, and 316c for powering and driving the ultrasonic scalpel 310 or other functions. The toggle buttons 316a to 316c can be configured to power the ultrasonic transducer 304 using the generator 204.

[0041] Generator 204 is also configured to drive a second surgical instrument 330, which is an RF electrosurgical instrument and includes a handpiece 332 (HP), a shaft 334, and an end effector 336. The end effector 336 includes electrodes in gripping arms 338a, 338b and returns through an electrically conductive portion of the shaft 334. These electrodes are coupled to and powered by a bipolar energy source within generator 204. The handpiece 332 includes a trigger 340 capable of manual actuation to operate the gripping arms 338a, 338b and an energy button 342 for actuating an energy switch to power the electrodes in the end effector 336.

[0042] Generator 204 is also configured to drive a third surgical instrument 360, which is a multi-functional surgical instrument 360 and includes a handpiece 362 (HP), a shaft 364, and an end effector 366. The end effector 366 includes an ultrasonic scalpel 368 and a clamping arm 370. The ultrasonic scalpel 368 is acoustically coupled to an ultrasonic transducer 372. The handpiece 362 includes a trigger 374 for operating the clamping arm 370 and a combination of toggle buttons 376a, 376b, and 376c for powering and driving the ultrasonic scalpel 368 or other functions. The toggle buttons 376a to 376c can be configured to power the ultrasonic transducer 372 using generator 204 and the ultrasonic scalpel 368 using a bipolar energy source also included in generator 204. Further aspects of surgical instruments are described in U.S. Patent No. 10,624,691, entitled “TECHNIQUES FOR OPERATING GENERATOR FOR DIGITALLY GENERATING ELECTRICAL SIGNAL WAVEFORMS AND SURGICALINSTRUMENTS”, published on April 21, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0043] Pumping module 208 ( Figure 2 The device can be configured to expel fumes, fluids, and / or particles generated by the application of therapeutic energy to tissue by one or more surgical instruments selected from surgical instruments 300, 330, and 360. Example expulsion modules are described in more detail elsewhere herein and in U.S. Patent No. 11,602,393, entitled “SURGICAL EVACUATION SENSING ANDGENERATOR CONTROL,” published March 14, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Blow-in module 210 ( Figure 2 It can be configured to blow air or gas into a patient's body cavity to inflate it for diagnostic or surgical purposes, thereby providing better visibility and access during surgery.

[0044] Visualization Module 212 ( Figure 2 This can be configured to interact with visualization devices (i.e., observation devices), and thus provide enhanced visualization capabilities. Example visualization modules and systems are described in more detail in U.S. Patent No. 11,284,963, entitled “METHOD OF USING IMAGING DEVICES IN SURGERY,” published March 29, 2022, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0045] Refer again Figure 2 The modular surgical system 200 may also include various accessories 229 that can be connected to the module 201 for controlling its functions, or are otherwise configured to work in conjunction with the modular surgical system 200. Accessories 229 may include, for example, a single-pedal foot switch 232, a double-pedal foot switch 234, and a trolley 230 for supporting the modular surgical system 200 thereon. Foot switches 232 and 234 may be configured to control the activation or function of, for example, a specific energy mode output by the energy module 204.

[0046] By utilizing modular components, the depicted modular surgical system 200 provides a surgical platform that is optimized for technological availability and can be customized to the needs of facilities and / or surgeons. Furthermore, the modular surgical system 200 supports combined devices (e.g., dual-electrosurgical and ultrasound energy generators) and software-driven algorithms for customized tissue effects. Moreover, the surgical system architecture reduces capital footprint by combining multiple technologies essential for surgical procedures into a single system.

[0047] Various modular components that can be used in conjunction with the modular surgical system 200 may include a monopolar energy generator, a bipolar energy generator, a dual-electric surgical / ultrasound energy generator, a display screen, and various other modules and / or components described elsewhere herein.

[0048] Now for reference Figure 4A In some aspects, head module 202 may include display screen 206, which presents GUI 408 for relaying information about module 201 connected to head module 202. Figure 2Information. In some aspects, the GUI 408 of the display screen 206 can provide a unified control point for all modules 201 constituting a specific configuration of the modular surgical system 200. In another aspect, the head module 202 may not include the display screen 206, or the display screen 206 may be detachably attached (removably attached) to the housing 410 of the head module 202. In such aspects, the head module 202 may be communicatively coupled to an external system configured to display information generated by the modules 201 of the modular surgical system 200. For example, in robotic surgical applications, the modular surgical system 200 may be communicatively coupled to a robotic cart or robotic console configured to display information generated by the modular surgical system 200 to the operator of the robotic surgical system. As another example, the modular surgical system 200 may be communicatively coupled to a mobile display that can be carried or attached to a surgical worker for viewing. In terms of utilizing a user interface that is separate from or otherwise different from the modular surgical system 200, the user interface may be able to wirelessly connect to the modular surgical system 200 as a whole or one or more modules 201 thereon, so that the user interface can display information from the connected module 200 thereon.

[0049] Still referencing Figure 4A The energy module 204 may include a port assembly 412 that includes (provides) a plurality of different ports configured to deliver different energy modes to corresponding surgical instruments that can be connected to these ports (e.g., for example, Figure 3 Surgical instruments 300, 330, 360). In Figure 4A As illustrated in the specific embodiment, port assembly 412 includes a bipolar port 414, a first unipolar port 416a, a second unipolar port 416b, a neutral electrode port 418 (to which a unipolar return pad can be connected), and a combined energy port 420. However, this specific combination of ports is provided only for illustrative purposes, and alternative combinations of ports and / or energy modes may be possible for port assembly 412.

[0050] As noted above, the modular surgical system 200 can be assembled into different configurations. Furthermore, different configurations of the modular surgical system 200 can also be used for different types of surgical procedures and / or different tasks. For example, Figure 4A and Figure 4B A first exemplary configuration of a modular surgical system 200 is illustrated, which includes a head module 202 (including a display screen 206) and an energy module 204 connected together. This configuration can be used for, for example, laparoscopic and open surgical procedures. Figure 4BAs shown, the modular surgical system 200 can be positioned on a trolley 230, thereby enabling the modular surgical system 200 to be easily moved (rolled) around the operating room, for example.

[0051] Figure 5 A second exemplary configuration of a modular surgical system 200 is illustrated, which includes a head module 202 (including a display screen 206), a first energy module 204a, a second energy module 204b, and a drainage module 208 connected together and positioned on a cart 230. In this configuration, the drainage module 208 can drain smoke, fluid, and / or particles generated by surgical instruments powered by the energy modules 204a and 204b.

[0052] Figure 6 This is a block diagram of an example modular surgical system 600 according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the modular surgical system 600 includes a head module 202 (including a display screen 206), an energy module 204 stacked below the head module 202 and connected to the head module, an exhaust module 208 stacked below the energy module 204 and connected to the energy module, and an inhalation module 210 stacked below the exhaust module 208 and connected to the exhaust module.

[0053] Head module 202 is configured to monitor, control, power, and provide feedback on the operation of modules within the modular surgical system 600, such as energy module 204, suction module 208, and inhalation module 210. As illustrated, head module 202 includes a controller 620 comprising a processor 622 and a memory 624 storing computer-readable instructions executable by the processor 622 to implement the functions and operations of head module 602. Examples of memory 624 include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), computer chips, optical discs (e.g., CDs, DVDs, etc.), and magnetic disks (e.g., hard disk drives (HDDs), floppy disks, ZIP drives). ® Disks, magnetic tapes, and solid-state storage devices (e.g., memory cards, "flash" media, etc.). As used herein, the term "computer-readable medium" means any device or system used to store information (e.g., data and instructions) and provide it to processor 622. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, optical discs, magnetic disks, magnetic tapes, solid-state media, and servers for streaming media on a network.

[0054] Based on instructions stored in memory 624, processor 622 can be configured to control power and data transmission between head module 202, energy module 204, exhaust module 208, and blow-in module 210 via power interface 608 and data interface 610. For example, head module 202 can transmit various commands to energy module 204, exhaust module 208 (via energy module 204), and blow-in module 210 (via energy module 204 and exhaust module 208) via data interface 610. Such commands can be based on user input received at display 206 or input received by controller 620 from various sensors communicatively coupled to modular surgical system 600, as discussed elsewhere herein.

[0055] As another example, power can be transferred from head module 202 to energy module 204, exhaust module 208 (via energy module 204), and blow-in module 210 (via energy module 204 and exhaust module 208) via power interface 608. For example, head module 202 can receive power from an external power source 660 (referred to herein as "AC mains") such as a wall socket. Head module 202 may include an AC / DC converter 662 that receives AC power from AC mains 660 and converts the AC power to DC power. Controller 202 can then distribute the DC power to energy module 204, exhaust module 208, and blow-in module 210 via power interface 608. Controller 620 may also include a timer 626 for measuring elapsed time. Head module 202 may include a sensor 628, such as a current sensor and / or a power sensor, which is operatively communicateable with controller 620 for measuring current and power along power interface 608.

[0056] like Figure 6 As shown, the energy module 204 may include a controller 680, which includes a processor 682 and a memory 684 storing computer-readable instructions executable by the processor 682 to implement the functions and operations of the energy module 204. The processor 682 and memory 684 may be similar to processor 622 and memory 624, respectively. The controller 680 may receive power from an AC / DC converter 662 along a power interface 608 and may operatively communicate with a controller 620 via a data interface 610.

[0057] Energy module 204 may also include energy generator 670. Energy generator 670 may receive power from AC / DC converter 662 along power interface 608 and may operatively communicate with controller 680, such as via a wired or wireless connection. For example, energy generator 670 may be operable to provide therapeutic energy to one or more surgical instruments (such as surgical instruments 300, 330, 360) via port assembly 412 (such as via bipolar port 414 (FIG. 4), a first unipolar port 416a or a second unipolar port 416b (FIG. 4) or a combined energy port 420 (FIG. 4)). For example, energy generator 670 may be powered using DC power supplied to it from AC / DC converter 662 along power interface 608. Controller 680 may then receive input, such as from controller 620. Based on this input, controller 680 may control energy generator 670 to provide therapeutic energy to one or more surgical instruments coupled to energy module 204 at port assembly 412. The energy generator 670 may include a sensor 672, such as a current sensor and / or a power sensor, which is operatively communicatively connected to the controller 680 for measuring the current and / or power supplied by the energy generator 670. The sensor 672 may also include an impedance sensor for measuring the impedance of tissue grasped by a surgical instrument in a surgical apparatus.

[0058] like Figure 6 As shown, display screen 206 includes a touchscreen 630 coupled to touch controller 632. Touch controller 630 is coupled to controller 620 to read input from touchscreen 630, such as user input. Controller 620 drives LCD display 640 via display / port video output signal 642. Controller 620 is also coupled to audio amplifier 652 to drive one or more speakers 650.

[0059] Surgical air infusion Minimally invasive surgery often requires the creation of a gas-filled cavity to provide the surgeon with sufficient visibility and space to manipulate instruments, such as... Figure 3 Energy delivery devices 300, 330, and 360. The gas filling chamber can utilize a blow-in module (such as blow-in module 210). Figure 2 To generate.

[0060] Figure 7 It is based on at least one aspect of this disclosure Figure 2A schematic diagram of the internal components of the blow-in module 210. The blow-in module 210 may include a blow-in housing 700, which contains a fan or pump 702, a humidifier 703, a heat storage tank 704, a heater 705, and an exhaust mechanism 706, all positioned within the blow-in housing. In some embodiments, the heater 705 may be operable to generate heat, and the heat storage tank 704 is configured to receive and store the heat generated by the heater 705. The stored heat may be used to passively heat the gas moving through the blow-in module 210, as will be described in more detail below. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the heat storage tank 704 may be omitted, and the heater 705 may be operable to actively heat the gas moving through the blow-in module 210. The humidifier 703 may be operable to humidify the gas moving through the blow-in module 210, as will be described in more detail below. A motor 718 is provided to drive the pump 702. When the blow-in module 210 is stacked with the head module 202, it is similar to... Figure 6 As shown in the arrangement, the motor 718, humidifier 703, and heater 705 can receive power from AC mains 660 via power interface 608.

[0061] The blow-in module 210 defines a flow path 708 (partially shown in dashed lines) that extends through the blow-in housing 700 and has an inlet port 710 and an outlet port 712. A pump 702, a humidifier 703, a heat reservoir 704, and an exhaust mechanism 706 are arranged sequentially in series within the flow path 708, passing through the blow-in housing 700 between the inlet port 710 and the outlet port 712. In some embodiments, the heat reservoir 704 is a ring surrounding the flow path 708 to passively heat the gas moving through the flow path 708. The outlet port 712 can be fluidly coupled to a cannula that is in fluid communication with a patient's internal lumen (e.g., the patient's peritoneal cavity).

[0062] Inlet port 710 can be fluidly connected to gas source 720 via conduit 722 (pipe). As an example, gas source 720 may contain gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), helium, oxygen, air, xenon, argon, or nitrogen (N2).

[0063] Pump 702 is configured to generate a pressure differential in flow path 708 through mechanical action. This pressure differential draws gas 714 from gas source 720 through conduit 722 to inlet port 710 and along flow path 708. After moving through humidifier 703 and heat storage tank 704, gas 714 can be considered “heated / humidified” gas 716 (referred to herein as “blow-in” gas 716), which can continue through flow path 708 and exhaust mechanism 706, ultimately exiting (emitting) through outlet port 712. Exhaust mechanism 706 can control the rate, direction, and / or other properties of the blow-in gas 716 exiting blow-in module 210 at outlet port 712.

[0064] The flow path 708 through the blow-in module 210 may be formed by a pipe or other conduit that substantially contains the fluid moving through the flow path 708 and / or isolates the fluid moving through the flow path from the fluid outside the flow path 708 (the surrounding environment).

[0065] Surgical smoke extraction As presented in this article, energy devices (such as...) Figure 3 Energy delivery devices 300, 330, 360 deliver mechanical (e.g., ultrasound) and / or electrical (e.g., RF) energy to target tissue for therapeutic purposes (e.g., cutting tissue, cauterizing blood vessels, and / or coagulating tissue within and / or near the target tissue). Cutting, cauterizing, and / or coagulating tissue can result in the release of fluids and / or particles into the air. Such fluids and / or particles released during surgical procedures can constitute a smoke, which may include, for example, carbon particles and / or other particles suspended in the air. In other words, the fluid may include smoke and / or other fluid substances.

[0066] Approximately 90% of endoscopic and open surgical procedures generate some level of smoke. This smoke can be unpleasant to clinicians, assistants, and / or patients, may hinder the clinician's view of the surgical site, and in some cases may be unhealthy to inhale. For example, smoke generated during electrosurgery can contain toxic chemicals including acrolein, acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, acetylene, alkylbenzene, benzene, butadiene, butene, carbon monoxide, cresol, ethane, ethylene, formaldehyde, free radicals, hydrogen cyanide, isobutylene, methane, phenol, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, propene, propylene, pyridine, pyrrole, styrene, toluene, and xylene, as well as dead and living cell material (including blood fragments) and viruses. Some substances identified in surgical smoke have been classified as containing known carcinogens. It is estimated that one gram of tissue cauterized during electrosurgery is equivalent to the toxins and carcinogens of six unfiltered cigarettes. Additionally, exposure to smoke released during electrosurgery has been reported to cause eye and lung irritation for healthcare workers.

[0067] In addition to the toxicity and odor associated with the materials in surgical smoke, the size of the particles in surgical smoke can be harmful to the respiratory systems of clinicians, assistants, and / or patients. In some cases, the particles can be very small, and in some cases, repeated inhalation of very small particles can lead to acute and chronic respiratory illnesses.

[0068] Many electrosurgical systems employ surgical evacuation systems that inhale and capture fumes generated during surgery and direct the captured fumes through filters and exhaust ports away from clinicians and / or patients. For example, evacuation systems (such as evacuation module 208) Figure 2 A system can be configured to remove smoke generated during electrosurgery. Such a system can be called a "smoke extraction system," but it can also be configured to remove more than just smoke from the surgical site.

[0069] Throughout this disclosure, the “smoke” expelled by the extraction system is not limited to mere smoke. Rather, the smoke extraction system disclosed herein can be used to extract a variety of fluids, including liquids, gases, vapors, fumes, steam, or combinations thereof. The fluid may be of biological origin and / or may be introduced to the surgical site from an external source during surgery. Fluids may include, for example, water, saline, lymph, blood, exudate, and / or purulent discharge. Furthermore, the fluid may include particles or other substances (e.g., porous materials or fragments) expelled by the extraction system. For example, such particles may be suspended in the fluid.

[0070] Figure 8 It is based on at least one aspect of this disclosure Figure 2A schematic diagram of the internal components of the exhaust module 208. The exhaust module 208 includes an exhaust housing 801, within which a fan or pump 804 and a filter 800 are positioned. Smoke drawn into the exhaust housing 801 travels to the filter 800, and as the smoke moves through (crosses) the filter 800, harmful toxins and pungent odors are filtered out. The filtered air 814 can then exit the exhaust module 208 as exhaust gas.

[0071] The suction module 208 defines a flow path 806 (shown in dashed lines) that extends through the suction housing 801 and has an inlet port 808 and an outlet port 810. A filter 800, a pump 804, and a venting mechanism 802 are arranged sequentially in series within the flow path 806, passing through the suction housing 801 between the inlet port 808 and the outlet port 810. The inlet port 808 can be fluidly coupled to a suction catheter 702, which may include a distal catheter opening capable of being positioned at a surgical site.

[0072] Pump 804 is configured to generate a pressure differential in flow path 806 by mechanical action. This pressure differential is configured to draw smoke 812 from the surgical site into inlet port 808 and along flow path 806. After passing through filter 800, smoke 812 can be considered “filtered” smoke or air 814 (referred to herein as “filtered air 814”), which can continue through flow path 806 and eventually be discharged (emission) through outlet port 810.

[0073] As illustrated, flow path 806 may include a first zone 816 and a second zone 818. The first zone 816 is located upstream of pump 804; the second zone 818 is located downstream of pump 804. Pump 804 is configured to generate a vacuum and otherwise pressurize the fluid in flow path 806 to drive the fluid from the first zone 816 to the second zone 818 via pump 804. Motor 820 drives pump 804. When pumping module 208 is stacked with head module 202, it is similar to... Figure 6 As shown in the arrangement, the motor 820 can receive power via the power interface 608. The exhaust mechanism 802 is a mechanism that can control the speed, direction, and / or other properties of the filtered air 814 leaving the exhaust module 208 at the outlet port 810.

[0074] The flow path 806 through the exhaust module 208 may be constructed of a pipe or other conduit that substantially contains the fluid moving through the flow path 806 and / or isolates the fluid moving through the flow path from fluids outside the flow path 806 (the surrounding environment). For example, a first region 816 of the flow path 806 may include a pipe through which the flow path 806 extends between the filter 800 and the pump 804. A second region 818 of the flow path 806 may also include a pipe (conduit) through which the flow path 806 extends between the pump 804 and the exhaust mechanism 802. The flow path 806 also extends through the filter 800, the pump 804, and the exhaust mechanism 802, such that the flow path 806 extends continuously from the inlet port 808 to the outlet port 810.

[0075] In operation, smoke 812 can flow into filter 800 after passing through inlet port 808, and can be pumped by pump 804 through flow path 806, so that smoke 812 is drawn into filter 800. Then, filtered air 814 discharged from filter 800 can be pumped through exhaust mechanism 802 and discharged from outlet port 810 of exhaust module 208. The filtered air 814 leaving exhaust module 208 at outlet port 810 is exhaust gas and can be composed of gas that has passed through exhaust module 208. Additional information about exhaust module 208 is described in U.S. Patent No. 11,602,393, entitled “SURGICAL EVACUATION SENSING AND GENERATOR CONTROL”, published March 14, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0076] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the exhaust module 208 may further include a plurality of sensors 820a, 820b, 820c, 820d positioned along the flow path 806 for measuring one or more parameters associated with the smoke 812 and / or filtered air 814 flowing along the flow path 806. When the exhaust module 208 is in a stacked configuration with the head module 202, such as when in a stacked configuration... Figure 6 The configuration shown, for example, allows sensors 820a to 820d to operatively communicate with controller 620, such as via data interface 610. Figure 6 And it can be accessed via power interface 608 ( Figure 6 The controller 620 receives power from the head module 202. The controller 620 can receive measurement results from sensors 820a to 820d and control various operations of the modular surgical system based on these measurement results. For example, in some embodiments, the controller 620 can control the speed of the motor 820 based on the received measurement results.

[0077] One or more of sensors 820a to 820d may include flow sensors for measuring the flow rate of smoke 812 / filtered air 814 along flow path 806, such as, for example, the flow rate entering inlet port 808 (sensor 820a), the flow rate through first zone 816 (sensor 820b), the flow rate through second zone 818 (sensor 820c), and / or the flow rate exiting outlet port 810 (sensor 820d). Alternatively or as a supplement thereto, one or more of sensors 820a to 820d may include pressure sensors for measuring the pressure of smoke 812 / filtered air 814 along flow path 806, such as, for example, at inlet port 808 (sensor 820a), first zone 816 (sensor 820b), second zone 818 (sensor 820c), and / or at outlet port 810 (sensor 820d). In some implementations, sensors 820a to 820d can be used by controller 620 to measure pressure differences along flow path 806, such as pressure differences across filter 800, using first sensor 820a and second sensor 820b. Pumping module 208 may include a combination of both flow sensors and pressure sensors.

[0078] Intelligent power control based on smoke exhaust system operation Due to the varying number of modules utilized, modular surgical systems may require more power than can be obtained from a single AC mains 660 (such as two or three AC mains), each requiring a dedicated branch circuit in the operating room. By intelligently utilizing and distributing power from a single AC mains 660, a reduction in the total necessary peak demand on the AC mains 660 can be achieved. This can help reduce constraints on the types of modules combined (e.g., head modules, energy modules, suction modules, blow-in modules, etc.) and the total number of AC mains connections for the modular surgical system.

[0079] Figure 9 This is a block diagram of a modular surgical system 900 according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the modular surgical system 900 includes a head module 202 (which may include a display screen 206). Figure 6 A first energy module 204a, stacked below and connected to the head module 202; a second energy module 204b, stacked below and connected to the first energy module 204a; and a blow-in module 210, stacked below and connected to the second energy module 204b. The modular surgical system 900 may include additional modules described elsewhere herein, such as, for example, a suction module 208. Figure 6(or may include fewer modules, such as only one energy module 204). The modular surgical system 900 may be similar to the modular surgical system 600 in some respects.

[0080] Energy modules 204a and 204b are important users of the AC mains power 660V in the modular energy system 900. Each of energy modules 204a and 204b can switch between an active state and an idle state, in which the energy modules 204a and 204b transfer energy to surgical instruments (e.g., Figure 3 In the idle state, the energy modules 204a and 204b can avoid transferring energy to the surgical instruments (one of the surgical instruments 300, 330, and 360). As will be understood, the energy modules 204a and 204b consume less power in the idle state than in the active state. For example, in the idle state, the head module 202 and the two energy modules 204a and 204b can consume a first power amount (e.g., 275W; 137.5W per energy module), and when in the active state, the head module 202 and the two energy modules 204a and 204b can be constrained to consume up to a second power amount (e.g., 785W; 392.5W per energy module), which is greater than the first power amount.

[0081] In real-world scenarios, the actual time that energy modules 204a and 204b are active is significantly less than the actual time that they are idle. Furthermore, in most cases, energy modules 204a and 204b do not deliver maximum energy; instead, they can be constrained to deliver only a fraction (percentage) of the maximum energy.

[0082] AC mains power 660 can deliver a source power amount (e.g., 1050W) to the modular surgical system 900. Therefore, when the two energy modules 204a and 204b are in their active state, a first free power amount can be used for the remainder of the modular energy system 900 (e.g., 1050W - 785W = 265W), and when energy modules 204a and 204b are in their idle state, a second free power amount can be used for the remaining modules of the modular energy system 900 (e.g., 1050W - 275W = 775W), which is greater than the first free power amount. The free power amount can also vary based on the transition of other modules in the modular surgical system 900 between idle and active states. For example, the modular surgical system 900 may also include a drainage module 208 (…). Figure 8 Furthermore, the free power quantity can also be based on whether the pumping module 208 is in an active or idle state. In the active state, pump 804 ( Figure 8 ) will smoke 812 ( Figure 8The smoke 812 is drawn into the exhaust module 208. In this idle state, the pump 804 avoids drawing the smoke 812 into the exhaust module 208.

[0083] As discussed elsewhere herein, the blow-in module 210 includes a pump 702 configured to draw gas 714 from a gas source 720 through a conduit 722, into an inlet port 710, along a flow path 708, and through a humidifier 703 and a heat storage tank 704, thereby generating blow-in gas 716. Operating the blow-in module 210 may require a first power amount (e.g., 200 W) without requiring the heat storage tank 704 / heater 705 to heat the gas 714. For example, the blow-in module 210 may require a first power amount to activate a motor 718 to draw gas 714 therein and / or to function the humidifier 703. Furthermore, when the gas 714 is heated using the heat storage tank 704 / heater 705, the blow-in module 210 may be constrained to consume a second power amount (e.g., 850 W) greater than the first power amount.

[0084] As discussed above, the amount of power available for the remaining modules in the modular surgical system 900 depends on whether energy modules 204a and 204b are in an active or idle state. For example, when both energy modules 204a and 204b are active, there is a first free power available for the blow-in module 210 (e.g., 265W). Therefore, when energy modules 204a and 204b are active, a first amount of thermal energy can be used to heat the gas 714 (e.g., 265W - 200W = 65W). Furthermore, when energy modules 204a and 204b are idle, there is a second free power available for the blow-in module 210 (e.g., 775W). Therefore, when energy modules 204a and 204b are idle, a second amount of thermal energy, greater than the first amount, can be used to heat the gas (e.g., 775W - 200W = 575W).

[0085] It should be noted that the power values ​​provided above are merely illustrative, illustrating the boundary conditions for the modular surgical system 900, and demonstrating how delivering less energy to the patient via energy modules 204a, 204b generates more usable energy for the blow-in module 210 to heat the gas from the gas source 720.

[0086] As discussed above, by intelligently utilizing and distributing power from a single AC mains 660, a reduction in the total necessary peak demand of the AC mains 660 can occur. Therefore, the blow-in module 210 may also include a power controller 902, which is operablely communicable with the AC mains 660 via a power interface 608 and operablely communicable with other modules in the modular surgical system 900 via a data interface 610.

[0087] The power controller 902 can be operated to determine the amount of free power available from the AC mains 660. The amount of free power can be the difference between the source power from the AC mains 660 and the power consumed by other modules in the modular surgical system 900.

[0088] The modular surgical system 900 may also include a power sensor 904a for sensing the amount of source power from AC mains 660 and multiple power sensors 904b, 904c, 904d, 904e, and 904f for sensing the amount of power drawn from various other modules within the modular surgical system 900. For example, power sensor 904b may sense power draw from head module 202 of AC mains 660, power sensors 904c and 904d may sense power draw from energy module 202 of AC mains 660, power sensor 904e may sense power draw from motor 718 of AC mains 660, and power sensor 904f may sense power draw from humidifier 703. A power controller 902 may communicate with power sensors 904a through 904f via one or more wired connections (such as along data interface 610) or wirelessly. Power sensors 904a through 904f may be current sensors, voltage sensors, or any other suitable sensors designed to sense power draw.

[0089] The power controller 902 can be operated to determine the amount of free power available from the AC mains 660 by subtracting the sensed power drawn from the AC mains 660, such as that sensed by the power sensor 904a, from the sensed source power from the AC mains 660. Based on the determined amount of free power available from the AC mains 660, the power controller 902 can draw power from the AC mains 660 up to the amount of free power to power the heater 705, thereby storing heat in the heat storage 704.

[0090] For example, as discussed above, AC mains power 660 can deliver 1050W of power to the modular surgical system 900. Energy modules 204a and 204b can switch to their active state, utilizing 785W of power from AC mains power 660. Power controller 902 can detect the amount of source power from AC mains power 660 via power sensor 904a, and detect the amount of power drawn by head module 202 and energy modules 204a and 204b via power sensors 904b to 904d. Based on the readings sensed from sensors 904b to 904d, power controller 902 can determine that 265W of free power is available for the blow-in module 210. Therefore, power controller 902 can draw up to 265W of free power, allocating 200W to motor 718 and humidifier 703, and allocating the remaining 65W to heater 705 to heat heat storage tank 704.

[0091] At a later time, the two energy modules 204a and 204b can switch to their idle state, where they can now utilize 275W of power from the AC mains 660. The power controller 902 can detect this change via power sensors 904b to 904d, and based on the readings sensed by the sensors, the power controller 902 can determine that 775W of free power can be obtained from the AC mains 660 for use in the blow-in module 210. Therefore, the power controller 902 can draw up to 775W of free power, allocating 200W to the motor 718 and humidifier 703, and allocating the remaining 575W to the heater 705 to heat the heat storage 704.

[0092] Therefore, the aforementioned arrangement enables the modular surgical system 900 to dynamically and intelligently change the amount of heat energy supplied to the heater 705 based on the available power from the AC mains 660, thereby reducing the total necessary peak demand from the AC mains 660 and potentially reducing constraints on the type of combined modules and the total number of AC mains connections for the modular surgical system 900.

[0093] While the foregoing description pertains to a power controller 902 that can draw free power from AC mains 660 for use in the blow-in module 210, other embodiments are contemplated in which other modules include a power controller 902 for drawing free power. For example, in some embodiments, the exhaust module 208 ( Figure 8 ) may include methods for drawing free power to the motor 820 ( Figure 8 The power controller 902 supplies power. In such embodiments, the pumping module 208 can dynamically adjust the pump 804 based on the amount of free power from the AC mains 660. Figure 8 (speed)

[0094] In some implementations, the power controller 902 can determine the amount of free power from the AC mains 660 and intelligently allocate power among multiple modules. For example, the power controller 902 can determine the amount of free power available from the AC mains 660 and selectively allocate a first amount of free power to a first surgical module, such as the blow-in module 210, and allocate a second amount of free power to a second surgical module, such as the exhaust module 208. Thus, the power controller 902 can intelligently utilize the free power from the AC mains 660 for multiple modules.

[0095] Alternatively, the modular surgical system 900 may not include a power controller 902, but rather the controller 620 of the head module 202 may perform all the aforementioned functions of the power controller 902. For example, sensors 904a to 904f may be operatively communicating with the controller 620, and the controller 620 may selectively allocate a free amount of power to the blow-in module 210, as discussed above.

[0096] Pressure Chamber Air Management As discussed above, modular surgical systems may require more power than can be obtained from a single AC mains power source (such as two or three AC mains), and each AC mains power source requires a dedicated branch circuit in the operating room due to the varying number of modules that can be utilized. By intelligently utilizing and distributing power from individual AC mains, a reduction in the total necessary peak demand for AC mains power can be achieved, which can help reduce constraints on the types of modules combined and the total number of AC mains connections for a modular surgical system.

[0097] Figure 10 This is a block diagram of a modular surgical system 1000 according to at least one aspect of this disclosure. The modular surgical system 1000 can be similar in arrangement and function to... Figure 6 The modular surgical system 600, and therefore can be best understood by reference, wherein similar numbers will be used to indicate similar parts that are not described in detail again.

[0098] Modular surgical system 1000 may include air inlet module 210, such as via catheter 722 ( Figure 7 A gas source 720 is fluidly connected to the inhalation module 210, and a positive pressure chamber 1002 is fluidly connected to the inhalation module 210. The modular surgical system 1000 may also include a first valve 1004 positioned between the inhalation module 210 and the positive pressure chamber 1002 and capable of switching between an open state and a closed state, in which the inhalation module 210 and the positive pressure chamber 1002 are in fluid communication, and in which the fluid communication between the inhalation module 210 and the positive pressure chamber 1002 is prevented.

[0099] The modular surgical system 1000 may also include a second valve 1006 positioned between the positive pressure chamber 1002 and the blow-in cannula 1008 inserted into the patient's body cavity 1010 (e.g., the patient's peritoneal cavity), and capable of switching between an open state for fluidly connecting the positive pressure chamber 1002 and the patient's body cavity 1010, and a closed state for fluidly disconnecting the positive pressure chamber 1002 from the patient's body cavity 1010.

[0100] The modular surgical system 1000 may also include a drainage module 208 and a negative pressure chamber 1012, which is vented via a conduit (such as catheter 722). Figure 7 The system is fluidly connected to the drainage module 208. The modular surgical system 1000 may also include a third valve 1016 positioned between the negative pressure chamber 1012 and the drainage cannula 1018 inserted into the patient's body cavity 1010 (e.g., the patient's peritoneal cavity), and is capable of switching between an open state for fluidly connecting the negative pressure chamber 1012 and the patient's body cavity 1010, and a closed state for fluidly disconnecting the negative pressure chamber 1012 from the patient's body cavity 1010.

[0101] The modular surgical system 1000 may also include a fourth valve 1014 located between the drainage module 208 and the negative pressure chamber 1012, and capable of switching between an open state for fluidly connecting the drainage module 208 and the negative pressure chamber 1012, and a closed state for fluidly disconnecting the drainage module 208 from the negative pressure chamber 1012.

[0102] Valves 1004, 1006, 1014, and 1016 can be any suitable valve (e.g., gate, ball, etc.) capable of switching (actuating) between an open and closed state. Valves 1004, 1006, 1014, and 1016 can each include a controller 620. Figure 6A motor operably communicates with AC mains power 660 to switch valves 1004, 1006, 1014, and 1016 between their respective open and closed states. Alternatively, valves 1004, 1006, 1014, and 1016 may be solenoid valves, which are switchable between their respective open and closed states via controller 620 and powered by AC mains power 660. Cannula needles 1008 and 1018 may be similar to cannula needles described elsewhere herein, or cannula needles described in U.S. Patent No. 11,369,443, entitled “METHOD US USING A SURGICAL MODULAR ROBOTIC ASSEMBLY,” published June 28, 2022, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0103] refer to Figure 6 and Figure 10 The controller 620 can be used to determine the amount of free power available from the AC mains 660, as described elsewhere in this document. The amount of free power can be the difference between the source power from the AC mains 660 and the power consumed by other modules in the modular surgical system 1000.

[0104] For example, the modular surgical system 1000 may also include a power sensor (similar to) for sensing the amount of source power from the AC mains 660. Figure 9 The power sensor 904a) and multiple power sensors (similar to) for sensing the amount of power drawn from various other modules in the modular surgical system 900. Figure 9 The power sensors 904b to 904f are used. The controller 620 can communicate with the power sensors via one or more wired connections (such as along the data interface 610) or wirelessly. The power sensors can be current sensors, voltage sensors, or any other suitable sensors designed to sense power draw.

[0105] The modular surgical system 1000 may also include a pressure sensor 1020 for sensing pressure within the patient's body cavity 1010. The pressure sensor 1020 may be fluidly coupled to the patient's body cavity 1010 at the inlet cannula 1008, the outlet cannula 1018, or any other suitable location. The modular surgical system 1000 may also include pressure sensors 1022 and 1024 for sensing pressure within the positive pressure chamber 1002 and the negative pressure chamber 1012, respectively.

[0106] The controller 620 can be operated to determine the amount of free power available from the AC mains 660 by subtracting the sensed power draw from the sensed source power from the AC mains 660. The controller 620 can compare the determined free power with a power threshold, which can be stored in memory 624. Based on this comparison, the controller 620 can selectively control valves 1004, 1006, 1014, 1016, the blow-in module 210, and the exhaust module 208, as will be described in more detail below.

[0107] Now for reference Figure 11 This illustrates at least one aspect of the present disclosure for controlling Figure 10 Flowchart 1100 of the modular surgical system 1000. In some implementations, flowchart 1100 is embodied as an algorithm and stored in controller 620. Figure 6 ) memory 624 ( Figure 6 In, and can be processed by processor 622 ( Figure 6 )implement.

[0108] Now for reference Figures 6 to 8 Sections 10 and 10 provide a discussion of flowchart 1100. At step 1102, controller 620 may execute algorithm 1100, such as in response to user input at touchscreen 630 or by the modular surgical system 1000 being powered by AC mains 660.

[0109] The controller 620 can then proceed to step 1104, where it provides initial insufflation to the patient's body cavity 1010. More specifically, the controller 620 switches (places) valves 1004 and 1006 to their respective open states (step 1104a), switches valves 1014 and 1015 to their respective closed states (step 1104b), powers the insufflation motor 718 (step 1104c), and keeps the exhaust motor 820 disconnected or idle (step 1104d). Thus, at step 1104, the controller 620 uses the insufflation motor 718 to drive gas 714 from the gas source 720 through the insufflation module 210 (thus generating insufflation gas 716), through valves 1004, the positive pressure chamber 1002, valves 1006, the insufflation cannula 1008, and into the patient's body cavity 1010, thereby providing initial insufflation to the patient's body cavity 1010.

[0110] The controller 620 can then proceed to step 1106, where it determines whether the desired pressure has been achieved in the patient's body cavity 1010. For example, the controller 620 can determine the pressure in the patient's body cavity 1010 by querying the pressure sensor 1020, such as along the data interface 610 or wirelessly. The controller 620 can retrieve a pressure threshold from memory 624 and compare the determined pressure in the patient's body cavity 1010 with the pressure threshold. If the pressure in the patient's body cavity 1010 is less than the pressure threshold, the controller 620 can return to step 1104 to provide additional airflow into the patient's body cavity 1010. Conversely, if the pressure in the patient's body cavity 1010 is equal to or greater than the pressure threshold, the controller 620 can proceed to step 1108.

[0111] At step 1108, controller 620 may determine the amount of free power available from AC mains 660 and whether the free power amount is equal to or greater than a power threshold. For example, as discussed above, controller 620 may query various power sensors of the modular surgical system 1000 to determine the amount of free power from AC mains 660. Controller 620 may then compare the free power amount with a power threshold that can be stored in memory 624 to determine whether the free power amount is equal to or greater than the power threshold.

[0112] Based on the controller 620 determining that the free power is less than a power threshold, the controller 620 may cycle and continue to determine when / whether the free power reaches / exceeds the power threshold. While the controller 620 cycles and continues to determine when / whether the free power reaches / exceeds the power threshold, the controller 620 may determine at step 1109 whether a smoke extraction event has been triggered (detected). A smoke extraction event may be caused by user input to the touchscreen 630, pressure in the patient's body cavity 1010 (as sensed by sensor 1020) reaching or exceeding a pressure threshold that can be stored in memory 624, or any other suitable event that powers the motor 820 of the extraction module 208 to extract smoke 812 from the patient's body cavity 1010, as described elsewhere herein. If no smoke extraction event is triggered, the controller 620 may continue to cycle to determine when / whether the free power reaches / exceeds the power threshold. If a smoke extraction event is triggered, the controller 620 may proceed to step 1120 to provide blowing and extraction into the patient's body cavity, as described in more detail below.

[0113] Based on the controller 620's determination that the free power quantity has reached or exceeded a power threshold, as at step 1108, the controller 620 can proceed to step 1110 to inflate (pressurize) the positive pressure chamber 1002 and the negative pressure chamber 1012. More specifically, the controller 620 can place valve 1004 in the open state and valve 1006 in the closed state (step 1110a), and power the blow-in motor 718 (step 1110b), thereby positively pressurizing the positive pressure chamber 1002. The controller 620 can then proceed to step 1110c, where the controller 620 determines whether the desired pressure has been achieved in the positive pressure chamber 1002. For example, the controller 620 can query the pressure sensor 1022 to determine the pressure in the positive pressure chamber 1002 and compare the determined pressure with a positive pressure threshold, which can be stored in memory 624. Based on the determined pressure being less than the positive pressure threshold, controller 620 can return to step 1110b and continue pressurizing the positive pressure chamber 1002. If the pressure reaches or exceeds the positive pressure threshold, controller 620 can proceed to step 1110d, where controller 620 disconnects the blow-in motor 718 and turns valve 1004 to the closed state, thereby generating a "pressurized" positive pressure chamber 1002.

[0114] Similarly, controller 620 can open valve 1014 and close valve 1016 (step 1110e), and power the pumping motor 820 (step 1110f), thereby pressurizing the negative pressure chamber 1012. Controller 620 can then proceed to step 1110g, where it determines whether the desired pressure has been achieved in the negative pressure chamber 1012. For example, controller 620 can query pressure sensor 1024 to determine the pressure in the negative pressure chamber 1012 and compare the determined pressure with a negative pressure threshold that can be stored in memory 624. If the pressure is greater than the negative pressure threshold, controller 620 can return to step 1110f and continue pressurizing the negative pressure chamber 1012. However, if the pressure reaches or drops below the negative pressure threshold, the controller 620 can proceed to step 1110h, where the controller 620 disconnects the pumping motor 820 and turns the valve 1014 to the closed state, thereby generating a "pressurized" negative pressure chamber 1012.

[0115] During step 1110, the controller 620 may continuously or periodically compare the amount of free power from the AC mains 660 with the power threshold at which the gas chamber is filled. Based on the free power decreasing below the power threshold during step 1110, the controller 620 may proceed to steps 1110d and 1110h, thereby stopping the filling of the positive pressure gas chamber 1002 and the negative pressure gas chamber 1012. In some embodiments, the controller 620 may return to step 1110 to continue filling the positive pressure gas chamber 1002 and the negative pressure gas chamber 1012 based on the free power again reaching or exceeding the power threshold and at least one of the positive pressure gas chamber 1002 and the negative pressure gas chamber 1012 failing to reach its respective positive and negative pressure thresholds.

[0116] In some embodiments, during step 1110, controller 620 may pressurize positive pressure chamber 1002 (steps 1110a to 1110c) while simultaneously pressurizing negative pressure chamber 1012 (steps 1110e to 1110g). In other embodiments, during step 1110, controller 620 may pressurize only one of positive pressure chamber 1002 (steps 1110a to 1110c) or negative pressure chamber 1012 (steps 1110e to 1110g). For example, during step 1110, controller 620 may first use available free power from AC mains 660 to pressurize negative pressure chamber 1012 (steps 1110e to 1110g). Once the negative pressure chamber 1012 has been fully filled (step 1110g), the controller can proceed to step 1110h to disconnect the pumping motor 820 and turn valve 1014 to the closed state, thereby creating a "pressurized" negative pressure chamber 1012. The controller 620 can then continue to pressurize the positive pressure chamber 1002 using the available free power from the AC mains 660 (steps 1110a to 1110c).

[0117] Then, controller 620 can proceed to step 1112 and determine whether a smoke exhaust event has been triggered (detected), similar to step 1109. If a smoke exhaust event has not been triggered, controller 620 can loop at step 1112 until a smoke exhaust event is triggered, or it can return to step 1110 to provide additional perfusion to one or both of the positive and negative pressure chambers 1002 and negative pressure chamber 1012 if the corresponding positive and negative pressure thresholds have not been reached and controller 620 determines that the amount of free power from AC mains 660 is greater than the power threshold.

[0118] If a smoke extraction event is triggered, controller 620 can proceed to step 1114, where controller 620 can switch valves 1006 and 1016 to their respective open states, thereby maintaining valves 1004 and 1014 in their closed state (step 1114a). Due to the positive pressure generated in positive pressure chamber 1002 (at step 1110), the blown gas 716 in positive pressure chamber 1002 is passively driven from positive pressure chamber 1002 through valve 1006, through blown-in cannula 1008, and into the patient's body cavity 1010. Similarly, due to the negative pressure generated in negative pressure chamber 1012 (at step 1110), the smoke 812 in the patient's body cavity 1010 is passively driven through exhaust cannula 1018, through valve 1016, and into negative pressure chamber 1012.

[0119] The controller 620 can then proceed to step 1114b and determine whether the pressures in the positive pressure chamber 1002 and the negative pressure chamber 1012 have been normalized. For example, the controller 620 can query pressure sensors 1022 and 1024 and determine whether the pressures sensed at pressure sensors 1022 and 1024 are the same or at least substantially the same. The controller 620 can also query pressure sensor 1020 and determine whether the pressures sensed at pressure sensors 1020, 1022, and 1024 are the same or at least substantially the same.

[0120] Based on the determination that the pressure in the positive pressure chamber 1002 and the negative pressure chamber 1012 has not yet normalized, the controller 620 may cycle at step 1114b until the pressure normalizes. Once it is determined that the pressure in the positive pressure chamber 1002 and the negative pressure chamber 1012 has normalized, the controller 620 may proceed to step 1116 and switch all valves 1004, 1006, 1014, 1016 to their respective closed states. The controller 620 may then proceed to step 1118 and determine whether additional drainage is required. The controller 620 may determine whether drainage is required based on receiving user input (such as at the touchscreen 630), determining that the pressure in the patient's body cavity 1010 (as sensed by sensor 1020) is still at or above a pressure threshold, or any other suitable determination that requires or demands power to the motor 820 of the drainage module 208, as described elsewhere herein.

[0121] Based on the controller 620's determination that additional smoke extraction is not required, the controller 620 can return to step 1108 and determine whether the free power of the AC mains 660 is equal to or greater than the power threshold to attempt to refill the positive pressure chamber 1002 and the negative pressure chamber 1012. If the controller 620 determines that additional smoke extraction is required, the controller 620 can proceed to step 1120, where the controller 620 places valves 1004 and 1006 in their respective open states (step 1120a) and supplies power to the blow-in motor 718 (step 1120b). Similarly, the controller 620 can place valves 1014 and 1016 in their respective open states (step 1110c) and supply power to the exhaust motor 820 (step 1110d). Therefore, the blow-in motor 718 drives the gas 714 from the gas source 720 through the blow-in module 210, thereby generating blow-in gas 716, which enters the patient's body cavity through valve 1004, positive pressure chamber 1002, valve 1006 and blow-in cannula 1008. Meanwhile, the exhaust motor 820 drives (sucks) the smoke 812 from the patient's body cavity 1010, which passes through the exhaust cannula 1018, valve 1016, negative pressure chamber 1012, valve 1014 and enters the filter 800 of the exhaust module 208, thereby generating filtered air 814.

[0122] The controller 620 can then proceed to step 1122, where it can determine whether smoke extraction is complete. The controller 620 may determine whether smoke extraction is complete based on receiving user input (such as at the touchscreen 630), determining whether the pressure in the patient's body cavity 1010 (as sensed by the sensor 1020) is still at or above a pressure threshold, or any other suitable determination that requires or demands that the motor 820 of the extraction module 208 be kept powered, as described elsewhere herein.

[0123] If controller 620 determines that smoke extraction is not complete, controller 620 can cycle back to step 1120 and keep motors 718 and 820 active. Once controller 620 determines that smoke extraction is complete, controller 620 can return to step 1108 and determine whether the free power of AC mains 660 is equal to or greater than the power threshold in order to attempt to refill positive pressure chamber 1002 and negative pressure chamber 1012.

[0124] Therefore, the aforementioned algorithm 1100 enables the controller 620 to pressurize the air chamber during the time when it is able to obtain a threshold amount of power from the AC mains, thereby enabling the blown gas and smoke to be passively driven into and from the patient's body cavity, respectively, when power from the AC mains is unavailable.

[0125] Figure 12This is a block diagram of another modular surgical system 1200 according to at least one aspect of this disclosure. The modular surgical system 1200 may be substantially similar to Figure 10 Modular surgical system 1000, and therefore best understood with reference to it, wherein similar numbers will correspond to similar parts which will not be described in detail again. Unlike modular surgical system 1000, modular surgical system 1200 includes valves 1202, 1204 (similar to...). Figure 10 Valves 1004, 1006, 1014, and 1016 are operable to allow filtered air 814 to be recirculated to the blow-in module 210.

[0126] In some embodiments, valve 1204 may be a three-way valve capable of switching between a first state and a second state, in which filtered air 814 is discharged into the operating room (similar to the arrangement in the modular surgical system 1000), and in the second state, filtered air 814 is passed to a second valve 1202 and enters the blow-in module 210. Including valves 1202 and 1204 can provide the benefit of using less gas 714 from the gas source 720 during surgical procedures.

[0127] Three-pump system for smoke inlet and outlet refer to Figure 13 This illustrates a trocar 1300 according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The trocar 1300 may be similar to... Figure 10 The system includes an inlet cannula 1008 and an outlet cannula 1018, and may include a Luer lock connector 1302 for fluid coupling to the inlet module 210 or the outlet module 208. In some cases, the Luer lock connector 1302 is the smallest orifice in the system, thereby limiting the flow rate of inlet gas into the patient's body cavity and / or the flow rate of smoke from the patient's body cavity. One way to increase the flow rate is to branch the flow rate into multiple (e.g., two) cannulas.

[0128] Figure 14 A block diagram illustrating a modular surgical system 1400 for increasing the flow rate of inhalation and exhalation according to at least one aspect of this disclosure is shown. The modular surgical system 1400 may be similar in arrangement and function to Figure 6 Modular surgical system 600. Modular surgical system 1400 may include a head module 202 with a controller 620, an inhalation module 210 with a pump 702 and a motor 718, and a drainage module 208 with a pump 804 and a motor 820. Modular surgical system 1400 may also include a common pump 1402 and a common motor 1404 for driving the common pump 1402.

[0129] The modular surgical system 1400 may also include AC mains power 660 for supplying power to motors 718, 820, and 1404. A controller 620 may be communicatively coupled to motors 718, 820, and 1404 (wired or wirelessly) and may be operable to switch each of motors 718, 820, and 1404 between an active state in which the motor drives the corresponding pump, and an inactive state in which the motor avoids driving the corresponding pump. The controller 620 may control various components of the modular surgical system 1400, such as those described in more detail below, based on user access via touchscreen 630. Figure 6 The controller 620 is provided with inputs or based on sensor measurements, as described elsewhere in this document. As will be described in more detail below, the common pump 1402 and motor 1404 can increase the flow rate of the blown gas to the patient and the flow rate of the smoke leaving the patient.

[0130] The modular surgical system 1400 may also include an insufflation cannula 1412, an aspiration cannula 1414, and a common cannula 1416, each of which may be similar to Figure 13 The cannulas 1300, and each of them can be inserted into the patient's body cavity 1410. The blow-in cannulas 1412 can be fluidly coupled to the blow-in pump 702, such as via a Luer lock connector 1302 (…). Figure 13 The cannula 1412 can receive a blow-in gas similar to blow-in gas 716 from the blow-in module 210 to provide a blow-in into the patient's body cavity 1410. The cannula 1414 can be drained via a filter similar to 800. Figure 8 The secondary filter 1430 and Luer lock connector 1302 are fluidly connected to the pump 804 to supply smoke similar to smoke 812 to the secondary filter 1430.

[0131] The modular surgical system 1400 also includes multiple three-way valves 1420, 1422, and 1424. The first three-way valve 1420 is capable of switching between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the first three-way valve 1420 fluidly connects the gas source 720 to the common pump 1402 via fluid lines 1420a and 1420c, and fluidly disconnects the secondary filter 1430 from the common pump 1402. In the second state, the first three-way valve 1420 fluidly disconnects the gas source 720 from the common pump 1402, and fluidly connects the secondary filter 1430 to the common pump 1402 via fluid lines 1420b and 1420c, thereby allowing fluid from the secondary filter 1430 to reach the common pump 1402.

[0132] The second three-way valve 1422 can also switch between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the second three-way valve 1422 can fluidly connect the common pump 1402 to an external location 1450 (such as an operating room) via fluid lines 1422a and 1422b, and fluidly disconnect the common pump 1402 from the third three-way valve 1424. In the second state, the second three-way valve 1422 can fluidly disconnect the common pump 1402 from the external location 1450 via fluid lines 1422a and 1422c, and fluidly connect the common pump 1402 to the third three-way valve 1424.

[0133] The third three-way valve 1424 can also switch between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the third three-way valve 1424 can fluidly connect the second three-way valve 1422 (and the common pump 1402) to the common sleeve needle 1416 via fluid lines 1422c and 1424a, and fluidly disconnect the common sleeve needle 1416 from the secondary filter 1430. In the second state, the third three-way valve 1424 can fluidly disconnect the second three-way valve 1422 (and the common pump 1402) from the common sleeve needle 1416, and fluidly connect the common sleeve needle 1416 to the secondary filter 1430 via fluid lines 1424a and 1424b.

[0134] The first three-way valve 1420, the second three-way valve 1422, and the third three-way valve 1424 can be any suitable valve capable of switching (actuating) between their respective first and second states. In some embodiments, for example, valves 1420, 1422, and 1424 may each include a motor, similar to other motors described elsewhere herein, for switching the valve between its respective first and second states. The motor can be powered by a power source, such as AC mains 660 or any other suitable power source, and can be communicatively coupled to controller 620 to allow controller 620 to control the motor. Alternatively, valves 1420, 1422, and 1424 can be solenoid valves capable of switching between the first and second states via controller 620 and powered by a power source, such as AC mains 660.

[0135] Still referencing Figure 14 In operation, the controller 620 can power the motor 718 to drive (pump) gas from the gas source 720 through the blow-in module 210 (thus generating blow-in gas 716). Figure 7 The air is blown into the cannula 1412 and into the patient's body cavity 1410. Similarly, the controller 620 can power the motor 820 to drive (suction) the smoke from the patient's body cavity 1410 through the secondary filter 1430 and the exhaust module 208 (thus generating filtered air 814). Figure 8 And reach the external position 1450. Depending on the state or configuration of the modular surgical system 1400, the smoke can be aspirated from the patient's body cavity 1410 through a second cannula 1414 or a third cannula 1416, as discussed below.

[0136] The controller 620 can switch the modular surgical system 1400 between multiple states to increase the flow rate of blown gas into the patient's body cavity 1410 or increase the flow rate of smoke from the patient's body cavity 1410. (See now for further details.) Figure 15 The modular surgical system 1400 can be configured (transformed) into a first or "blow-in" state, wherein the controller 620 places the first three-way valve 1420 in the first state, the second three-way valve 1422 in the second state, and the third three-way valve 1424 in the first state. In the blow-in state, the controller 620 powers the common motor 1404 to operate the common pump 1402, thereby driving (drawing) gas from the gas source 720 through the first three-way valve 1420, the second three-way valve 1422, the third three-way valve 1424, the common cannula 1416, and into the patient's body cavity 1410, thus providing gas from the gas source 720 to the patient's body cavity 1410 in addition to the blow-in gas provided by the blow-in module 210.

[0137] Now for reference Figure 16 The modular surgical system 1400 can also be configured (transformed) into a second or "vacuum" state, wherein the controller 620 places the first three-way valve 1420 in the second state, the second three-way valve 1422 in the first state, and the third three-way valve 1424 in the second state. In the vacuum state, the controller 620 can power the motor 1404 to operate the common pump 1402, thereby driving (vacuuming) smoke from the patient's body cavity 1410 through the common cannula 1416, the third three-way valve 1424, the secondary filter 1430, the first three-way valve 1420, the second three-way valve 1422, and to the external position 1450, thereby evacuating smoke from the patient's body cavity 1410 in addition to the smoke evacuated by the vacuum module 208.

[0138] Now for reference Figure 17The modular surgical system 1400 can also be configured into a third or "clean" state, wherein the controller 620 places the first three-way valve 1420 in the first state and the second three-way valve 1422 in the first state. In the clean state, the controller 620 can power the motor 1404 to operate the common pump 1402, thereby driving (suctioning) gas from the gas source 720 through the first three-way valve 1420 and the common pump 1402, thereby removing any discharged gas and / or fumes that may still be present in the common pump 1402 from the common pump 1402 and clearing them to the external location 1450 via the second three-way valve 1422.

[0139] Therefore, including the common pump 1402 allows the modular surgical system 1400 to increase the amount of inhaled gas that can be provided to the patient, and further increase the amount of smoke aspirated from the patient compared to what is typically achievable with a single inhalation module and a single exhaust module. In some embodiments, a humidifier, heat reservoir, and / or heater, respectively similar to a humidifier 703, a heat reservoir 704, and a heater 705, can be placed along the conduit 1420a to heat and humidify the gas moving from the gas source 720 through the common pump 1402 and reaching the patient's body cavity 1410, such as... Figure 15 The example is illustrated in the middle.

[0140] Now for reference Figure 18 The modular surgical system 1400 may also include a tertiary filter 1800 positioned along tubing 1422c. The tertiary filter 1800 filters the gas delivered from the common pump 1402. For example, the user can initially place the modular surgical system 1400 in a drainage state. Figure 16 This allows additional smoke to be expelled from the patient's body cavity 1410 via a common pump 1402, as described above. As the smoke moves through the common pump 1402, particles within the smoke may adhere to the common pump 1402. At a later, second time, the user can place the modular surgical system 1400 in an inhalation state. Figure 15 This provides additional blowing into the patient's body cavity 1410, as described above. When the gas is delivered to the patient's body cavity 1410, particles adhering to the common pump 1402 can be removed from the common pump 1402 and driven toward the patient's body cavity 1410. Therefore, the tertiary filter 1800 can be arranged and otherwise operable to filter these particles within the gas.

[0141] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of another modular surgical system 1900 for increasing the flow rate of inhalation and exhalation according to at least one aspect of this disclosure. Except for the differences mentioned below, the modular surgical system 1900 may be substantially similar to the modular surgical system 1400 (…). Figure 18Therefore, the modular surgical system 1900 can be best understood by referring to the modular surgical system 1400, where similar numbers will correspond to similar parts that will not be described in detail again.

[0142] It is worth noting that, with Figure 14 Unlike the modular surgical system 1400, the modular surgical system 1900 includes a four-way valve 1424' (replacing...). Figures 14 to 18 The four-way valve 1424' is a third three-way valve 1424 and an additional three-way valve 1906. The four-way valve 1424' can switch between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the four-way valve 1424' can fluidly connect the second three-way valve 1422 to the three-way valve 1906 via fluid line 1422c and the first fluid line 1902. In the second state, the four-way valve 1424' can fluidly connect the three-way valve 1906 to the secondary filter 1430 via the second fluid line 1904 and the fluid line 1424b.

[0143] The three-way valve 1906 can also switch between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the three-way valve 1906 fluidly connects the common cannula 1416 to the first fluid line 1902. In the second state, the three-way valve 1906 fluidly connects the common cannula 1416 to the second fluid line 1904.

[0144] Similar to valves 1420 and 1422, valves 1424' and 1906 can be any suitable valve capable of switching (actuating) between their respective first and second states. In some embodiments, valves 1424' and 1906 may each include a motor, similar to other motors described elsewhere herein, for switching valves 1424' and 1906 between their respective first and second states. The motor can be powered by a power source such as AC mains 660 or any other suitable power source and can be communicatively coupled to controller 620 to allow controller 620 to control the motor. Alternatively, valves 1424' and 1906 can be solenoid valves capable of switching between first and second states via controller 620 and powered by a power source such as AC mains 660.

[0145] Still referencing Figure 19 In operation, the controller 620 can power the motor 718 to operate the pump 702, thereby driving (drawing) gas from the gas source 720 through the exhaust module 208 (thus generating blow-in gas 716). Figure 7The cannula 1412 is blown into the patient's body cavity 1410. Similarly, the controller 620 can power the motor 820 to operate the pump 804, thereby driving (suctioning) the smoke from the patient's body cavity 1410 through the secondary filter 1430, the exhaust module 208 (which generates filtered air 814), and to the external location 1450.

[0146] The controller 620 can also switch the modular surgical system 1900 between multiple states to increase the flow rate of blown gas into the patient's body cavity 1410 or increase the flow rate of smoke from the patient's body cavity 1410. (See now for further details.) Figure 20 The modular surgical system 1900 can be configured (transformed) into a first or "blow-in" state, in which the controller 620 places the first three-way valve 1420 in the first state, the second three-way valve 1422 in the second state, the four-way valve 1424' in the first state, and the three-way valve 1906 in the first state. In the blow-in state, the controller 620 can power the common motor 1404 to operate the common pump 1402, thereby driving (drawing) gas from the gas source 720 through the first three-way valve 1420, the common pump 1402, the second three-way valve 1422, the three-stage filter 1800, the four-way valve 1424', the first fluid line 1902, the three-way valve 1906, the common cannula 1416, and into the patient's body cavity 1410, thus supplying gas to the patient's body cavity 1410 in addition to the blow-in gas provided by the blow-in module 210.

[0147] Now for reference Figure 21 The modular surgical system 1900 can also be configured to be in a second or "pump" state, in which the controller 620 places the first three-way valve 1420 in the second state, the second three-way valve 1422 in the first state, the four-way valve 1424' in the second state, and the three-way valve 1906 in the second state. In the pump state, the controller 620 can power the common motor 1404 to drive (aspirate) smoke from the patient's body cavity through the common cannula 1416, the three-way valve 1906, the second fluid line 1904, the four-way valve 1424', the secondary filter 1430, the first three-way valve 1420, the common pump 1402, the second three-way valve 1422, and to the external location 1450, thereby pumping smoke from the patient's body cavity 1410 in addition to the smoke pumped by the pump module 208.

[0148] Modular Surgical System 1900 can also be configured similarly to Modular Surgical System 1400 ( Figure 14In the third or "clean" state of the cleaning process, the controller 620 sets the first three-way valve 1420 to the first state and the second three-way valve 1422 to the first state. In the cleaning state, the controller 620 can power the motor 1404 to operate the common pump 1402, thereby driving (drawing) gas from the gas source 720 through the first three-way valve 1420, the common pump 1402, the second three-way valve 1422, and to the external position 1450, thereby cleaning the common pump 1402.

[0149] Therefore, including dedicated fluid lines 1902 and 1904 instead of a common line can prevent particles present in the smoke from being entrained in the gas supplied to the patient's body cavity 1410. In some embodiments, a humidifier, heat reservoir, and / or heater, respectively similar to a humidifier 703, a heat reservoir 704, and a heater 705, can be placed along line 1420a to heat and humidify the gas moving from the gas source 720 through the common pump 1402 and reaching the patient's body cavity 1410.

[0150] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of another example modular surgical system 2200 for increasing the flow rate of inhalation and exhalation according to at least one aspect of this disclosure. Except for the differences mentioned below, the modular surgical system 2200 may be substantially similar to the modular surgical system 1900 (…). Figure 19 It is worth noting that, similar to the modular surgical system 1900, the modular surgical system 2200 may include a four-way valve 1424', a first fluid line 1902, and a second fluid line 1904. However, unlike the modular surgical system 1900, the modular surgical system 2200 omits the three-way valve 1906 and instead includes a common cannula 1416 fluidly connected to the first fluid line 1902 and a second common cannula 2202 fluidly connected to the second fluid line 1904. The operation of the modular surgical system 2200 is substantially similar to that of the modular surgical system 1900 described above, except that, in a first state, the four-way valve 1424' can fluidly connect the second three-way valve 1422 to the common cannula 1416 via fluid lines 1422c and 1902, and in a second state, the four-way valve 1424' can fluidly connect the secondary filter 1430 to the second common cannula 2202 via fluid lines 1904 and 1424b.

[0151] Automatic closed-loop air stagnation system As discussed elsewhere, the extraction module 208 ( Figure 2 ) and blow-in module 210 ( Figure 2 ) can be included in modular surgical systems (such as Modular Surgical System 600 ( Figure 6In the modular surgical system, the head module 202 is used for both venting smoke from the patient and providing blown air to the patient. Figure 2 The operation of the drainage module 208 and the blow-in module 210, etc., can be coordinated and controlled using the various modules provided to and received from the various modules used in the modular surgical system.

[0152] Figure 23 A schematic diagram illustrating a modular surgical system 2300 according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure is shown. The modular surgical system 2300 may be similar to the modular surgical system 600 (…). Figure 6 ), and therefore can be referenced for best understanding, where similar numbers will correspond to similar parts not described again. As shown, head module 202 can provide activation signal 2302 to blow-in module 210, which may include blow-in motor 718 ( Figure 7 The activation time (duration) 2302a and motor current setting 2302b of the head module 202 can also provide an activation signal 2304 to the pumping module 208, which can include the pumping motor 820 ( Figure 8 The activation time (duration) 2304a and motor current setting 2304b are specified. Activation signals 2302 and 2304 can be based on the user's input to the controller 620 of the head module 202. Figure 6 ) touchscreen 630 ( Figure 6 It provides input, or based on sensor measurements from a modular surgical system, as discussed elsewhere in this document.

[0153] The head module 202 can receive a first input signal 2306 from the smart cannula 2310 inserted into the patient's body. The smart cannula 2310 may be similar to the cannula 1300 and may include a first sensor 2310a operable to sense abdominal pressure within the patient's body cavity 2320 and a second sensor 2310b operable to sense humidity within the patient's body cavity 2320. The first input signal 2306 includes abdominal pressure and humidity measurements 2306a and 2306b, respectively, measured by the sensors 2310a and 2310b.

[0154] Head module 202 can also receive a second input signal 2308 from generator module 204. The second input signal 2308 may include indications of devices coupled to generator module 204 (such as surgical devices 300, 330, 360, etc.). Figure 3 The signal of type (one of the following) and the signal indicating the amount of time the device has been activated.

[0155] Figure 24Flowcharts 2400 and 2450 for controlling a modular surgical system 2300 according to at least one aspect of this disclosure are illustrated. In some embodiments, flowcharts 2400 and 250 are implemented as algorithms and stored in head module 202. Figure 23 ) memory 624 ( Figure 6 In, and can be generated by header module 202 ( Figure 23 The processor 622 ( Figure 6 ) Execution. In some implementations, Algorithm 2400 is a pressure sustaining loop algorithm, and Algorithm 2450 is a coordination algorithm, as will be discussed in more detail below.

[0156] Now for reference Figure 23 Flowcharts 2400 and 2500 are provided for discussion. Controller 620 can be, for example, responsive to touchscreen 630 (…). Figure 6 The user input or modular surgical system 2300 at the location is powered by a power source (such as AC mains 660). Figure 6 Power is supplied to execute algorithm 2400. Based on the execution of algorithm 2400, controller 620 can provide blow-in gas 716 to the patient's body cavity 2320 via cannula 1300. At step 2402, controller 620 can sense the abdominal pressure in the patient's body cavity 2320, for example, using a first sensor 2310a of smart cannula 2310 or using a pressure sensor (such as pressure sensor 1020) coupled to cannula 1300.

[0157] The controller 620 may proceed to step 2404 to calculate the leakage rate of the blown-in gas into the patient's body cavity 2320. For example, the controller 620 may monitor the leakage rate of the system by monitoring pressure measurements over time via the first sensor 2310a or a pressure sensor on the cannula 1300. The controller 620 may proceed to step 2406 to activate (power) the blow-in module 210 to provide blow-in gas 716 into the patient's body cavity 2320 via the cannula 1300. The controller 620 may proceed to step 2406 based on a threshold amount of blow-in pressure leaking from the patient's body cavity 2320. The threshold amount of blow-in pressure may be stored in memory 624.

[0158] The controller 620 can then proceed to step 2408 to calculate the operating time of the blow-in module 210, such as via timer 626 ( Figure 6The operating time of the inhalation module 210 can be based on the system's calculated leakage rate, as calculated at step 2404. The controller 620 can then proceed to step 2410 to stop (disconnect) the inhalation module 210. The controller 620 can proceed to step 2410 based on a measured pressure within the patient's body cavity 2320 reaching a threshold pressure, which can be stored in memory 624. The controller 620 can then return to step 2404 to calculate the leakage rate of the inhalation in the patient's body cavity 2320 and repeat the aforementioned pressure maintenance cycle to maintain the inhalation pressure within the patient's body cavity 2320.

[0159] Controller 620 can be, for example, responsive to touchscreen 630 ( Figure 6 The user input at the location, the modular surgical system 2300 is powered by a power source (such as AC mains 660 ( Figure 6 The energized or connected device to generator module 204 is activated (powered) to execute algorithm 2450. Similar to the algorithm, based on the execution of algorithm 2450, controller 620 can deliver blown gas 716 into the patient's body cavity 2320 via cannula 1300. At step 2452, controller 620 can sense the abdominal pressure in the patient's body cavity 2320, such as using a first sensor 2310a of smart cannula 2310 or using a pressure sensor (such as pressure sensor 1020) connected to cannula 1300.

[0160] The controller 620 can proceed to step 2454 to calculate the leakage rate of the airflow into the patient's body cavity 2320. For example, the controller 620 can monitor the leakage rate of the system by monitoring pressure measurements over time via a pressure sensor on the first sensor 2310a or the cannula 1300. The controller 620 can then proceed to step 2456 to identify the device and power settings of the modular surgical system. For example, the controller 620 can receive input signals, such as input signal 2308, that identify the device type (e.g., ultrasound device 300, RF device 330, or multifunction device 360). Figure 3 The power settings of the associated devices can be set at the head module 202.

[0161] Then, controller 620 can proceed to step 2458 to calculate the pumping motor 820 ( Figure 8 The motor current of the blow-in motor 718 is calculated, and the process proceeds to step 2460 to calculate the blow-in motor 718. Figure 7 The controller 620 can measure the motor current supplied to the motors 718 and 820, for example, via a current sensor, such as other current sensors described elsewhere in this document.

[0162] The controller 620 can then proceed to step 2462 to receive an activation signal from the device identified in step 2456. For example, the controller 620 can receive an input signal indicating that the device is activated. Based on the activation signal received by the controller 620 in step 2462, the controller 620 can proceed to step 2464 to activate (power) the blow-in module 210 to provide blow-in gas 716 to the patient's body cavity 2320 via the cannula 1300, and proceed to step 2466 to activate (power) the suction module 208 to draw smoke mist 812 from the patient's body cavity 2320 via the cannula 1300.

[0163] The controller 620 can then proceed to step 2468 to receive a device deactivation signal. For example, the controller 620 can receive an input signal indicating that the device is deactivated. Based on the deactivation signal received by the controller 620 at step 2468, the controller 620 can then proceed to step 2470 to calculate the operating time of the blow-in module 210, such as via timer 626 ( Figure 6 ), and proceed to step 2472 to calculate the running time of the pumping module 208, such as via timer 626 ( Figure 6 The operating time of the exhaust module 208 and the blow-in module 210 can be based on the calculated leakage rate of the system as calculated at step 2454.

[0164] Then, controller 620 can proceed to step 2474 to stop (disconnect) the inhalation module 210, and to step 2476 to stop (disconnect) the drainage module 208. Controller 620 can proceed to steps 2474 and 2476 based on a measured pressure within the patient's body cavity 2320 reaching a threshold pressure, which can be stored in memory 624. Controller 620 can then return to step 2454 to calculate the leakage rate of the inhalation in the patient's body cavity 2320, and repeat the aforementioned cycle to maintain the inhalation pressure within the patient's body cavity 2320.

[0165] The implementation plan disclosed in this article includes: A. A surgical system comprising: a power source operable to provide a source power amount; a first surgical module electrically coupled to the power source; a second surgical module electrically coupled to the power source; and a controller. The first surgical module is operable to switch between an idle state and an active state, wherein in the idle state the first surgical module draws a first power amount from the power source, and in the active state the first surgical module draws a second power amount greater than the first power amount from the power source. The controller is operable to determine a free power amount from the power source available for the second surgical module. The free power amount corresponds to the difference between the source power amount and the power amount drawn by the first surgical module.

[0166] B. A surgical system comprising: a power source operable to provide a source power amount; a surgical module including a pump; a pressure chamber fluidly coupled to the pump and a patient's body cavity; and a first valve, a second valve, and a controller. The first valve is operable to switch between an open state and a closed state, the open state being for fluidly coupling the surgical module and the pressure chamber, and the closed state being for fluidly discoupling the surgical module from the pressure chamber. The second valve is operable to switch between an open state and a closed state, the open state being for fluidly coupling the pressure chamber to the patient's body cavity, and the closed state being for fluidly discoupling the pressure chamber from the patient's body cavity. The controller is operable to determine a free power amount available from the power source for the motor, the free power amount being less than the source power amount, and to selectively switch the first and second valves between the open and closed states based on the free power amount.

[0167] C. A surgical system comprising: an inhalation pump configured to drive gas into a patient; an exhaust pump configured to extract smoke from the patient; and a common pump configured to selectively drive gas into the patient and extract smoke from the patient.

[0168] Each of embodiments A through C may have one or more of the following additional elements in any combination: Element 1: wherein the second surgical module includes an inhalation module. Element 2: wherein the inhalation module includes a heat reservoir and a heater operable to heat the heat reservoir, wherein the controller is also operable to provide power to the heater up to a determined amount of free power. Element 3: wherein the second surgical module includes a controller. Element 4: wherein the first surgical module includes an energy module that provides power to the surgical instruments in an active state and avoids providing power to the surgical instruments in an idle state. Element 5: the surgical system also includes a pressure chamber and a first valve and a second valve fluidly connected to the pressure chamber, wherein the first valve and the second valve are each operable to switch between an open state that allows gas to flow through them and a closed state that prevents gas from flowing through them. Element 6: wherein the second surgical module includes a pump fluidly connected to the pressure chamber. Element 7: The controller is further operable to compare a free power quantity with a power threshold, and based on the free power quantity being greater than the power threshold, to open the first valve, close the second valve, move gas relative to the pressure chamber using a pump, and close the first valve after moving the gas relative to the pressure chamber, thereby generating a pressurized pressure chamber. Element 8: Based on the free power quantity being less than the power threshold, the controller is further operable to open the first and second valves, and move gas through the pressure chamber using a pump. Element 9: The controller is further operable to receive an input, and based on receiving the input, to open the second valve to allow passive gas movement between the patient's body cavity and the pressure chamber, thereby depressurizing the pressure chamber. Element 10: The second surgical module includes an inhalation module, and the gas includes inhaled gas. Element 11: The second surgical module includes an aspiration module, and the gas includes smoke. Element 12: The controller is also operable to compare a free power quantity with a power threshold, and based on the free power quantity being greater than the power threshold, to place a first valve in an open state, place a second valve in a closed state, pressurize the pressure chamber using a pump, and based on the pressurization of the pressure chamber, to place the first valve in a closed state, thereby generating a pressurized pressure chamber. Element 13: The surgical module includes an inhalation module, and the surgical system further includes an aspiration module comprising: an aspiration pump; a second pressure chamber fluidly connected to the aspiration pump and a patient's body cavity; a third valve capable of switching between an open state and a closed state, the open state for fluidly connecting the second pressure chamber and the patient's body cavity, and the closed state for fluidly disconnecting the second pressure chamber from the patient's body cavity; and a fourth valve capable of switching between an open state and a closed state, the open state for fluidly connecting the aspiration module and the second pressure chamber, and the closed state for fluidly disconnecting the aspiration module from the second pressure chamber.Element 14: The surgical system also includes a valve capable of switching between a first state and a second state, in which the valve fluidly connects the common pump to a gas source, and in the second state, the valve fluidly connects the common pump to a filter. Element 15: Wherein, the valve is a first valve, and the surgical system also includes a second valve and a third valve, the second valve being capable of switching between a first state and a second state, in which the second valve fluidly connects the common pump to an external location, and in the second state, the second valve fluidly connects the common pump to a third valve, and the third valve being capable of switching between a first state and a second state, in which the third valve fluidly connects the second valve to a patient, and in the second state, the third valve fluidly connects the second valve to a filter. Element 16: The surgical system further includes an inhalation cannula, an exhaust cannula, and a common cannula, each insertable into the patient, wherein the inhalation pump is configured to drive gas into the patient via the inhalation cannula, the exhaust pump is configured to extract smoke from the patient via the exhaust cannula, and the common pump is configured to selectively drive gas into the patient and extract smoke from the patient via the common cannula. Element 17: The surgical system further includes an inhalation cannula, an exhaust cannula, a first common cannula, and a second common cannula, each insertable into the patient, wherein the inhalation pump is configured to drive gas into the patient via the inhalation cannula, the exhaust pump is configured to extract smoke from the patient via the exhaust cannula, and the common pump is configured to selectively drive gas into the patient via the first common cannula and extract smoke from the patient via the second common cannula.

[0169] By way of non-limiting example, exemplary combinations applicable to A, B, and C include: element 1 with element 2; element 1 with element 3; element 5 with element 6; element 5 with elements 6 and 7; element 5 with elements 6 through 8; element 5 with elements 6, 7, and 9; element 5 with elements 6, 7, and 10; element 5 with elements 6, 7, and 10; element 5 with elements 6, 7, and 11; element 1 with any combination of elements 2 through 11; element 2 with any combination of elements 1 and 3 through 11; element 3 with any combination of elements 1, 2, and 4 through 11; element 4 with any combination of elements 1 through 3 and 5 through 11; element 5 with elements 1 through 4 Element 6 and any combination of elements 1 to 5 and 7 to 11; element 7 and any combination of elements 1 to 6 and 8 to 11; element 8 and any combination of elements 1 to 7 and 9 to 11; element 9 and any combination of elements 1 to 8, 10 and 11; element 10 and any combination of elements 1 to 9 and element 11; element 11 and any combination of elements 1 to 10; element 12 and element 13; element 14 and element 15; element 14 and elements 15 and 16; element 14 and elements 15 and 17; element 16 and element 17; element 14 and two or more of elements 15 to 17.

[0170] Therefore, the systems and methods disclosed herein are highly suitable for achieving the aforementioned results and advantages, as well as those inherent therein. The specific embodiments disclosed above are merely exemplary, as the teachings of this disclosure can be modified and implemented in different but equivalent ways that will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, there are no limitations on the details of the constructions or designs shown herein, except as described in the following claims. It is therefore apparent that the specific exemplary embodiments disclosed above may be changed, combined, or modified, and all such changes are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure. The systems and methods illustratively disclosed herein may be suitably implemented in the absence of any elements not specifically disclosed herein and / or any optional elements disclosed herein. While compositions and methods are described according to various components or steps “comprising,” “containing,” or “including,” such compositions and methods may also be “substantially composed of various components or steps” or “composed of various components or steps.” All numerical values ​​and ranges disclosed above may vary in some quantities. Whenever a numerical range with a lower and upper limit is disclosed, any numerical value falling within that range and any included range are specifically disclosed. Specifically, each range of values ​​disclosed herein (in the form of "about a to about b" or equivalent "about a to b" or equivalent "from about a to b") should be understood to list each numerical value and range covered within a broader range of values. Furthermore, the terms in the claims have their ordinary, general meaning unless otherwise explicitly and clearly defined by the patentee. Additionally, the indefinite articles "a" or "an" used in the claims are defined herein as referring to one or more elements introduced therein, rather than a single element. If the use of words or terms in this specification conflicts in any way with one or more patents or other documents that may be incorporated herein by reference, the definitions consistent with this specification shall prevail.

[0171] As used herein, the phrase "at least one of..." preceding a series of items (separated by the terms "and" or "or") modifies the list as a whole, not each member of the list (i.e., each item). The phrase "at least one of..." allows for the meaning of at least one of any of the items, and / or at least one of any combination of items, and / or at least one of each of the items. As an example, the phrases "at least one of A, B, and C" or "at least one of A, B, or C" respectively mean: only A, only B, or only C; any combination of A, B, and C; and / or at least one of each of A, B, and C.

[0172] Directional terms such as above, below, up, down, upward, downward, left, right, etc., are used relative to exemplary embodiments as they are depicted in the figures, with the upward direction pointing towards the top of the corresponding figure and the downward direction pointing towards the bottom of the corresponding figure.

Claims

1. A surgical system comprising: A power source, which is operable to provide a source power amount; A first surgical module, electrically coupled to the power source and capable of switching between the following states: In an idle state, the first surgical module draws a first amount of power from the power source; and In an active state, the first surgical module draws a second power amount from the power source that is greater than the first power amount; A second surgical module, which is electrically coupled to the power source; and A controller, operable to determine the amount of free power available from the power source for the second surgical module, The free power quantity corresponds to the difference between the source power quantity and the power quantity drawn by the first surgical module.

2. The surgical system according to claim 1, wherein, The second surgical module includes an air-injection module.

3. The surgical system according to claim 2, wherein, The blowing module includes: thermal storage devices; and A heater, operable to heat the heat storage tank. The controller is also capable of operating to provide power to the heater up to a determined amount of free power.

4. The surgical system according to claim 1, wherein, The second surgical module includes the controller.

5. The surgical system according to claim 1, wherein, The first surgical module includes an energy module that provides power to the surgical instruments in the active state and avoids providing power to the surgical instruments in the idle state.

6. The surgical system of claim 1, further comprising: Pressure chamber; and A first valve and a second valve, fluidly connected to a pressure chamber, wherein each of the first and second valves is capable of switching between the following states: The open state allows gas to flow through the first valve and the second valve; and The closed state is used to prevent gas from flowing through the first valve and the second valve.

7. The surgical system according to claim 6, wherein, The second surgical module includes a pump fluidly coupled to the pressure chamber.

8. The surgical system of claim 7, wherein, The controller is also capable of operating as follows: Compare the free power quantity with a power threshold; and Based on the fact that the free power is greater than the power threshold: Place the first valve in the open state; Place the second valve in the closed state; The pump moves the gas relative to the pressure chamber; and After the gas is moved relative to the pressure chamber, the first valve is placed in the closed state, thereby generating a pressurized pressure chamber.

9. The surgical system of claim 8, wherein, Based on the fact that the free power is less than the power threshold, the controller can also operate to: Place the first valve and the second valve in the open state; as well as The pump is used to move gas through the pressure chamber.

10. The surgical system of claim 8, wherein, The controller is also capable of operating as follows: Receive input; as well as Based on the received input, the second valve is placed in the open state to allow passive gas movement between the patient's body cavity and the pressure chamber, thereby depressurizing the pressure chamber.

11. The surgical system according to claim 8, wherein, The second surgical module includes an inhalation module, and the gas includes an inhalation gas.

12. The surgical system according to claim 8, wherein, The second surgical module includes a suction module, and the gas includes smoke.

13. A surgical system comprising: A power source, which is operable to provide a source power amount; Surgical module, the surgical module including a pump; A pressure chamber, which is fluidly connected to the pump and the patient's body cavity; A first valve is capable of switching between an open state and a closed state, wherein the open state is used to fluidly connect the surgical module and the pressure chamber, and the closed state is used to fluidly disconnect the surgical module from the pressure chamber; A second valve is capable of switching between an open state and a closed state, wherein the open state is used to fluidly connect the pressure chamber to the patient's body cavity, and the closed state is used to fluidly disconnect the pressure chamber from the patient's body cavity; and Controller, the controller being operable to: Determine the amount of free power available from the power source for the motor, wherein the amount of free power is less than the amount of source power; as well as The first valve and the second valve are selectively switched between the open state and the closed state based on the free power quantity.

14. The surgical system of claim 13, wherein, The controller is also capable of operating as follows: Compare the free power quantity with a power threshold; and Based on the fact that the free power is greater than the power threshold: Place the first valve in the open state; Place the second valve in the closed state; The pump is used to pressurize the pressure chamber; and The first valve is placed in the closed state by pressurizing the pressure chamber, thereby generating a pressurized pressure chamber.

15. The surgical system according to claim 13, wherein, The surgical module includes an air-injection module, and the surgical system further includes: A drainage module, wherein the drainage module includes a drainage pump; A second pressure chamber is fluidly connected to the pump and the patient's body cavity; A third valve, capable of switching between an open state and a closed state, wherein the open state fluidly connects the second pressure chamber to the patient's body cavity, and the closed state fluidly disconnects the second pressure chamber from the patient's body cavity; and The fourth valve is capable of switching between an open state and a closed state. The open state is used to fluidly connect the pumping module to the second pressure chamber, and the closed state is used to fluidly disconnect the pumping module from the second pressure chamber.

16. A surgical system comprising: A blow-in pump, which is configured to drive gas into the patient's body; A suction pump, configured to extract smoke from the patient's body; and A common pump, configured to selectively drive gas into the patient and extract smoke from the patient.

17. The surgical system of claim 16, further comprising a valve capable of switching between the following states: In the first state, the valve fluidly connects the common pump to the gas source; and In the second state, the valve fluidly connects the common pump to the filter.

18. The surgical system of claim 17, wherein, The valve is a first valve, and the surgical system also includes: A second valve and a third valve, wherein the second valve is capable of switching between the following states: In the first state, the second valve fluidly connects the common pump to an external location; and In the second state, the second valve fluidly connects the common pump to the third valve; and The third valve can switch between the following states: In a first state, the third valve fluidly connects the second valve to the patient; and In the second state, the third valve fluidly connects the second valve to the filter.

19. The surgical system of claim 16, further comprising an insufflation cannula, an aspiration cannula, and a common cannula, each of the insufflation cannula, the aspiration cannula, and the common cannula being insertable into the patient, wherein: The blow-in pump is configured to drive gas into the patient's body via the blow-in cannula; The suction pump is configured to extract smoke from the patient's body via the suction cannula. and The common pump is configured to selectively drive gas into the patient's body and extract smoke from the patient's body via the common cannula.

20. The surgical system of claim 16, further comprising an insufflation cannula, an aspiration cannula, a first common cannula, and a second common cannula, wherein each of the insufflation cannula, the aspiration cannula, the first common cannula, and the second common cannula is insertable into the patient, wherein: The blow-in pump is configured to drive gas into the patient's body via the blow-in cannula; The suction pump is configured to extract smoke from the patient's body via the suction cannula. and The common pump is configured to selectively drive gas into the patient via the first common cannula and extract smoke from the patient via the second common cannula.

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