Windshield, vehicle-mounted display system and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle-mounted display, and discloses a windshield, a vehicle-mounted display system and a vehicle. The vehicle-mounted display system comprises the windshield provided with an up-conversion light-emitting functional layer and an image projection unit; and the image projection unit emits an excitation light beam which carries image information and has a preset wavelength to a preset area, provided with the up-conversion light-emitting functional layer, of the windshield so as to enable the windshield to display a visible light image corresponding to the image information. The head-up display device has the advantages that a complex virtual image optical system of traditional head-up display (HUD) is omitted, and high integration of the display device and the windshield in vision and physics is achieved. The system is completely transparent in a non-display state, is high in transmittance, does not shield a driving visual field, and has the advantages of simplified structure, low cost, large field angle and stable imaging quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle display technology, and more particularly to a windshield, a vehicle display system, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of intelligent and connected vehicles, driving safety and convenience have become core requirements for the research and development of in-vehicle electronic devices. Head-up displays (HUDs), as a key in-vehicle configuration for improving driving safety, are seeing their application penetration rate continuously increase. The core function of a HUD is to accurately project key driving information such as vehicle speed, navigation guidance, tire pressure warnings, and adaptive cruise control status into the driver's field of vision. This eliminates the need for drivers to frequently look down at the instrument panel or central control screen, effectively reducing the time their eyes are off the road, minimizing driver distraction, and thus lowering the risk of traffic accidents. It plays an irreplaceable role in improving driving safety, especially in scenarios such as high-speed driving and complex road conditions.

[0003] Currently, the most widely used type of HUD in the automotive field is the traditional windshield-type HUD. Its core operation is based on the principle of virtual image projection. The specific implementation process is as follows: the image generation unit (PGU) generates an original image containing driving information. This original image needs to be reflected, refracted and magnified by a complex relay optical system composed of various precision optical lenses such as aspherical mirrors and freeform mirrors, as well as reflectors. Finally, a magnified virtual image that conforms to the viewing habits of the human eye is formed several meters in front of the driver, ensuring that the driver can clearly read the driving information without losing sight of the road ahead.

[0004] Although traditional windshield-style HUDs have achieved basic driving information projection functions, they suffer from inherent defects that are difficult to overcome due to limitations in their core principles and structural design, which seriously restrict their further popularization and upgrading in the automotive field: First, the optical system is complex, bulky, poorly integrated, and expensive. The relay optical system of a traditional windshield-type HUD requires multiple high-precision aspherical mirrors, freeform mirrors, and reflectors. The processing precision requirements for each optical component are extremely high. This not only results in a large overall size of the optical system, occupying a lot of valuable space inside the dashboard and limiting the design freedom of the vehicle's dashboard, but also the high cost of processing, assembling, and debugging high-precision optical components makes it difficult for traditional windshield-type HUDs to be applied to low- and mid-range models, hindering their large-scale promotion.

[0005] Secondly, the field of view (FOV) and virtual image distance (VID) are mutually restrictive, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the needs of a large field of view and long-distance imaging. The field of view determines the range of the virtual image that the driver can see, directly affecting the amount of driving information displayed; the imaging distance determines the visual distance between the virtual image and the driver. If the distance is too close, it can easily lead to driver visual fatigue and distraction, while if the distance is too far, it may affect the image clarity. Traditional windshield-style HUDs are limited by the optical path design of the optical system, and there is a significant negative correlation between the field of view and the imaging distance. To expand the field of view, the imaging distance must be shortened, and vice versa, making it impossible to simultaneously meet the driver's needs for a large amount of information displayed and a comfortable viewing experience.

[0006] Third, the brightness of the virtual image is easily affected by ambient light, resulting in poor visibility in strong light conditions. The virtual image of a traditional windshield-type HUD is essentially an optical image formed by light reflection. Its brightness adjustment capability is limited. When the vehicle is in complex lighting environments such as midday sun or backlight, the ambient light will strongly interfere with the virtual image, causing a decrease in virtual image contrast, blurring of details, or even failure to recognize the image, seriously affecting driving safety.

[0007] To address the issues of complex structure and large size in traditional windshield-type HUDs, those skilled in the art have gradually proposed the technical concept of combining the display medium with the vehicle windshield, attempting to achieve miniaturization and cost reduction of HUDs by simplifying the optical system structure. For example, existing patent documents disclose a technical solution of coating an upconversion luminescent film on a glass surface. The core of this solution lies in providing a general method for preparing upconversion luminescent film materials, using the luminescent properties of this material to achieve image display. However, this solution only focuses on improving the material preparation process and does not specifically address the application scenarios of automotive HUDs. It cannot solve key issues such as brightness adjustment, environmental tolerance, and accurate information projection in automotive scenarios, making it difficult to directly apply to automotive HUD products.

[0008] Other technical solutions propose advanced display devices based on dual-beam convergence excitation. These devices can form true three-dimensional suspended images within the display medium, resulting in novel and unique display effects. However, this technical solution has significant limitations: it requires two sets of precisely synchronized laser emission systems and a complex scanning control system to achieve accurate convergence of the two beams and stable image display, leading to an extremely complex structure and high production costs. Furthermore, the optical path calibration of the two beams is extremely difficult, and the calibration accuracy directly affects the image display effect. Moreover, the device has poor environmental tolerance and is difficult to adapt to the complex environments of automotive scenarios, such as high and low temperatures, vibration, and dust. It cannot meet the stringent requirements of automotive-grade products for reliability, stability, and cost control, and therefore lacks the feasibility for large-scale mass production and practical automotive applications.

[0009] In summary, current automotive HUD technologies either suffer from drawbacks such as complex structure, large size, high cost, and significant susceptibility to environmental interference in display quality, or while attempting to simplify the structure or improve display quality, they fail to meet the core requirements of reliability, environmental tolerance, cost control, and display clarity in automotive scenarios. Consequently, they struggle to satisfy the automotive industry's demands for miniaturized, low-cost, highly reliable, and high-quality automotive HUDs. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a new automotive HUD solution with an extremely simplified structure, controllable cost, easy integration with the vehicle dashboard and windshield, and the ability to provide clear and stable display quality under various lighting conditions, in order to solve the aforementioned technical challenges of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this application is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a windshield, an in-vehicle display system, and a vehicle, so as to at least solve the problems of complex structure, high cost, and unstable display effect in the related technologies.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: Firstly, a windshield is provided, comprising: An upconversion light-emitting functional layer is disposed in at least a portion of the windshield and is used to emit visible light under the excitation of an excitation beam of a preset wavelength to display a visible light image corresponding to the image information carried by the excitation beam.

[0012] In some of these embodiments, it also includes: A glass substrate, wherein the upconversion light-emitting functional layer is disposed on the inner surface of the glass substrate.

[0013] In some of these embodiments, it also includes: Two glass substrates, with the upconversion light-emitting functional layer disposed between the two glass substrates.

[0014] In some of these embodiments, the region where the upconversion luminescent functional layer is disposed has an average transmittance of ≥80% for visible light.

[0015] In some embodiments, the upconversion luminescent functional layer is a composite transparent film formed by combining a transparent matrix with upconversion luminescent nanomaterials.

[0016] In some of these embodiments, the upconversion luminescent nanomaterial is an upconversion luminescent nanomaterial doped with rare earth ions.

[0017] In some of these embodiments, the upconversion luminescent nanomaterial includes, but is not limited to, fluoride nanocrystals.

[0018] In some of these embodiments, the matrix of the fluoride nanocrystals includes, but is not limited to, NaYF4.

[0019] In some embodiments, the upconversion luminescent nanomaterial has a core-shell structure, wherein the core layer of the upconversion luminescent nanomaterial is a luminescent core doped with activating ions and sensitizing ions, and the shell layer of the upconversion luminescent nanomaterial is an undoped or lightly doped coating layer.

[0020] Secondly, an in-vehicle display system is provided, including: As described in the first aspect, the windshield; An image projection unit is disposed on one side of the windshield and is used to emit an excitation beam carrying a preset wavelength of image information to a preset area of ​​the windshield where the upconversion light emission functional layer is disposed, so that the windshield displays a visible light image corresponding to the image information.

[0021] In some embodiments, the image projection unit includes: An excitation element is disposed on one side of the windshield and is used to emit an excitation beam of a preset wavelength; An optical modulation element is disposed downstream of the excitation element and is used to modulate the excitation beam according to the input image electrical signal to load image information corresponding to the image electrical signal onto the excitation beam.

[0022] In some embodiments, the image projection unit includes: A projection element is disposed downstream of the light modulation element and is used to project the modulated excitation beam onto a preset area of ​​the windshield.

[0023] In some embodiments, the excitation element is any one or more combinations of a laser diode, a laser array, and a light-emitting diode array.

[0024] In some embodiments, the optical modulation element is any one or a combination of two of a spatial light modulator and a beam scanning device.

[0025] In some embodiments, the spatial light modulator is any one or a combination of two of digital micromirror devices and liquid crystal spatial light modulators.

[0026] In some embodiments, the beam scanning device is any one or a combination of two of the following: a two-dimensional scanning galvanometer and a MEMS micromirror.

[0027] In some of these embodiments, it also includes: The control unit is communicatively connected to the image projection unit and is used to acquire vehicle operating status information, generate image electrical signals based on the vehicle operating status information, and transmit the image electrical signals to the image projection unit so that the image projection unit emits an excitation beam carrying image information according to the image electrical signals.

[0028] Thirdly, a vehicle is provided, comprising: As described in the first aspect, the windshield.

[0029] Fourthly, a vehicle is provided, comprising: The in-vehicle display system as described in the second aspect.

[0030] Compared to related technologies, the windshield, in-vehicle display system, and vehicle provided in this application have the following technical advantages: 1) By utilizing the upconversion light-emitting functional layer, images can be directly formed on the inner surface of the windshield, resulting in superior image quality; 2) Because the upconversion light-emitting functional layer is integrated into the windshield, it does not compromise the integrity of the vehicle's interior; 3) When no image is displayed, the light transmittance of the area with the upconversion light emission function layer is approximately the same as that of the area without the upconversion light emission function layer, that is, it is basically completely transparent and does not affect the driver's vision. 4) The upconversion light-emitting functional layer can be integrated into the windshield by coating, pasting, or internal lamination, and the manufacturing process can utilize the existing automotive windshield manufacturing process. For example, the upconversion light-emitting functional layer can be sealed inside the windshield by internal lamination, which improves the wear resistance, weather resistance, moisture resistance, and impact resistance of the upconversion light-emitting functional layer, increases its service life, and meets automotive-grade requirements. 5) The core of the system consists of only two parts: the "image projection unit" and the "windshield". It is small in size, easy to be flexibly arranged in the vehicle, and the cost is greatly reduced. 6) Achieve a truly economical, reliable, and high-performance "panoramic" or "large area" HUD. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of this application and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view (a) of the windshield according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view (II) of the windshield according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the upconversion light-emitting layer according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram (a) of an in-vehicle display system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram (II) of an in-vehicle display system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] The reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows: 100. Windshield; 110. Upconversion luminescent functional layer; 111. Transparent matrix; 112. Upconversion luminescent nanomaterials; 120. Glass substrate; 200, Image projection unit; 201, Excitation element; 202, Light modulation element; 203, Projection element; 300. Control Unit. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application is described and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are merely some examples or embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art can apply this application to other similar scenarios based on these drawings without any inventive effort. Furthermore, it is understood that although the efforts made in this development process may be complex and lengthy, for those skilled in the art related to the content disclosed in this application, any changes to design, manufacturing, or production based on the technical content disclosed in this application are merely conventional technical means and should not be construed as insufficient disclosure of the content of this application.

[0035] In this application, the reference to "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application may be combined with other embodiments without conflict.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms “a,” “an,” “an,” “the,” and similar words used in this application do not indicate quantity limitation and may indicate singular or plural. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and any variations thereof used in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or modules (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may also include steps or units not listed, or may include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. The terms “connected,” “linked,” “coupled,” and similar words used in this application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. “Multiple” used in this application refers to two or more. “And / or” describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships may exist; for example, “A and / or B” can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship. The terms "first," "second," and "third" used in this application are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects.

[0037] Example 1 This embodiment relates to the windshield of the present invention.

[0038] An illustrative embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, a windshield 100 has at least a preset area, on which an upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110 is provided. The function of the upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110 is to emit visible light under the excitation of an excitation beam of a preset wavelength to display a visible light image corresponding to the image information carried by the excitation beam.

[0039] Understandably, the preset area can be a portion of the windshield in front of the driver's seat, or it can be the entire windshield.

[0040] It should be noted that the excitation beam with the preset wavelength is a near-infrared excitation beam or a short-wave infrared excitation beam.

[0041] Understandably, the preset wavelength is 800nm~1550nm.

[0042] In this invention, the windshield 100 further includes at least one glass substrate 120. The glass substrate 120 has an upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110 disposed on its side.

[0043] It should be noted that the upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110 is basically disposed on the side of the glass substrate 120 facing the inside of the vehicle.

[0044] In this invention, the windshield 100 has the following two forms: 1) such as Figure 1 As shown, there is one glass substrate 120, and an upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110 is provided on the inner surface of the glass substrate 120. 2) such as Figure 2 As shown, there are two glass substrates 120, and an upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110 is disposed between the two glass substrates 120.

[0045] It is understood that when there are two glass substrates 120, the inner surface of the inner glass substrate 120 is provided with an upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110. That is, when there are multiple glass substrates 120, the upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110 can be disposed on the entire inner surface of the windshield 100, or it can be disposed inside the windshield 100 (i.e., between the two glass substrates 120).

[0046] It should be noted that the upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110 disposed on the inner surface of the glass substrate 120 can be attached to the glass baffle 120 by spin coating, spraying or using an optically transparent adhesive.

[0047] It should be noted that the upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110 disposed between the two glass substrates 120 can be embedded between the two glass substrates 120 through a lamination process.

[0048] It is understandable that the specifications of the upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110 match the specifications of the glass substrate 120. Generally, the radial dimensions (such as length, width, diameter, etc.) of the upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110 are not greater than the radial dimensions (such as length, width) of the glass substrate 120, and the thickness of the upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110 is less than the thickness of the glass substrate 120.

[0049] It is understandable that the shape of the upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110 can be any shape, that is, it can be a regular shape (such as a rectangle, circle, ellipse, etc.) or an irregular shape, as long as it meets the display requirements.

[0050] It should be noted that the windshield 100 is entirely transparent. For the preset area, i.e., the area where the upconversion light-emitting layer 110 is located, its average transmittance to visible light is ≥80%. That is, when the upconversion light-emitting layer 110 is not displayed, based on human visual observation, the preset area is not significantly different from other areas of the windshield 100.

[0051] The upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110 of this invention is generally a transparent thin film. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the upconversion luminescent functional layer 110 is formed by combining a transparent matrix 111 and an upconversion luminescent nanomaterial 112. Specifically, the transparent matrix 111 forms a transparent film, and the upconversion luminescent nanomaterial 112 is uniformly distributed on the transparent matrix 111.

[0052] It should be noted that in the upconversion luminescent functional layer 110, the mass-volume concentration of the upconversion luminescent nanomaterial 112 ranges from 0.1% to 5.0% (w / v). Within this concentration range, the upconversion luminescent functional layer 110 can maintain extremely high visible light transmittance (not less than 80%) while ensuring effective luminous intensity and image contrast. Too low a concentration will result in a weak luminous signal, making it difficult to identify under ambient daylight; too high a concentration will cause severe visible light scattering and absorption, reducing the overall transparency of the glass, and may also lead to a concentration quenching effect due to excessively close particle spacing, thus reducing luminous efficiency.

[0053] It should be noted that in the upconversion luminescent functional layer 110, the statistically average particle size of the upconversion luminescent nanomaterial 112 ranges from 20 nm to 200 nm, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the particle size distribution is less than 30 nm. Within this size range, the upconversion luminescent nanomaterial 112 has a suitable optical cross-section for efficient absorption of excitation light. Simultaneously, its size is much smaller than the wavelength of visible light, effectively suppressing Rayleigh scattering and ensuring the high transparency of the upconversion luminescent functional layer 110 in the unexcited state. Size uniformity ensures consistency in excitation and luminescence performance, which is beneficial for achieving a uniform, grain-free display.

[0054] It should be noted that in the upconversion luminescent functional layer 110, the upconversion luminescent nanomaterials 112 are uniformly distributed in the transparent matrix 111 in a "monodispersed, non-agglomerated" state. This distribution can be achieved by controlling processes such as surface ligand modification, matrix material precursor optimization, or in-situ synthesis. This distribution avoids the formation of local scattering centers caused by the agglomeration of the upconversion luminescent nanomaterials 112, thus maximizing optical uniformity. Simultaneously, the uniform distribution ensures that the excitation light energy is uniformly applied to all particles, resulting in uniform display brightness. It also fundamentally eliminates the risk of localized heating or premature aging caused by agglomerates, improving the overall reliability and lifespan of the system.

[0055] The upconversion luminescent nanomaterial 112 of the present invention is an upconversion luminescent nanomaterial 112 doped with rare earth ions, including but not limited to fluoride nanocrystals doped with rare earth ions. Among many material systems, fluoride nanocrystals, especially those based on NaYF4, are preferred embodiments due to their excellent upconversion luminescence efficiency and stability. Preferably, the matrix of the fluoride nanocrystals includes NaYF4. For example, the upconversion luminescent nanomaterial 112 is NaYF4:Yb. 3+ Er 3+ System or NaYF4:Yb 3+ , Tm 3+ system.

[0056] It should be noted that the upconversion luminescent nanomaterial 112 has a core-shell structure. Understandably, the core-shell structure can effectively suppress the surface quenching effect, thereby significantly improving its luminescence quantum efficiency and dispersion stability in the glass matrix.

[0057] It should be noted that the core layer of the upconversion luminescent nanomaterial 112 is doped with activating ions (such as Er). 3+ , Tm 3+ ) and sensitized ions (such as Yb 3+ The upconversion luminescent nanomaterial 112 has an undoped or lightly doped shell. It is understood that by adjusting the doping concentration, its luminescent properties can be optimally matched with the selected excitation light source wavelength, power density, and the brightness and color coordinates required for the windshield 100 display.

[0058] It should be noted that this invention does not limit the specific material system of the upconversion luminescent nanomaterial 112; its core lies in utilizing the inherent upconversion luminescence characteristics of rare-earth ion-doped nanomaterials. In this field, various inorganic nanocrystalline matrices can achieve effective upconversion luminescence. Besides the fluoride matrices (such as NaYF4, NaGdF4, etc.) described in detail in the above and below embodiments, which are currently the most efficient, oxide matrices (such as Y2O3, Gd2O3), halide matrices, etc., have also been disclosed as upconversion luminescent carriers. When selecting the material system, the main considerations are its excitation cross-section in the near-infrared band, luminescence quantum efficiency, physicochemical stability, and compatibility with transparent matrices. Those skilled in the art can select suitable matrix and dopant ion combinations from known upconversion material systems based on the required brightness, color, environmental tolerance, and cost requirements, and apply them to the windshield and display system described in this invention, without requiring any inventive effort.

[0059] It should be noted that, in this invention, the upconversion luminescent nanomaterial 112 includes, but is not limited to, upconversion luminescent nanoparticles.

[0060] It should be noted that the "upconversion luminescent nanoparticles" described in this invention are an exemplary description of the upconversion luminescent nanomaterial 112 of the upconversion luminescent functional layer 110. The technical essence of these nanoparticles is luminescent centers doped with specific rare-earth ions. These luminescent centers preferably exist in the form of independent, dispersed nanoparticles, as this is beneficial for controlling their optical properties, ensuring uniform dispersion in the matrix, and maintaining the high transparency of the functional layer. However, those skilled in the art will understand that, as long as visible light emission under near-infrared excitation can be achieved and the requirements for transparency and dispersion are met, the luminescent centers can also exist in other suitable microscopic or nanostructural forms.

[0061] The technical effects of the windshield of the present invention are as follows: 1) By utilizing the upconversion light-emitting functional layer, images can be directly formed on the inner surface of the windshield, resulting in superior image quality; 2) Because the upconversion light-emitting functional layer is integrated into the windshield, it does not compromise the integrity of the vehicle's interior; 3) When no image is displayed, the light transmittance of the area with the upconversion light emission function layer is approximately the same as that of the area without the upconversion light emission function layer, that is, it is basically completely transparent and does not affect the driver's vision. 4) The upconversion light-emitting functional layer can be integrated into the windshield by coating, pasting, or internal lamination. The manufacturing process can utilize the existing automotive windshield manufacturing process. For example, the upconversion light-emitting functional layer can be sealed inside the windshield by internal lamination, which improves the wear resistance, weather resistance, moisture resistance, and impact resistance of the upconversion light-emitting functional layer, increases its service life, and meets automotive-grade requirements.

[0062] Example 2 This embodiment relates to the first implementation of the in-vehicle display system of the present invention.

[0063] An illustrative embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, an in-vehicle display system includes a windshield 100 as described in Embodiment 1 and an image projection unit 200. The image projection unit 200 is disposed on one side of the windshield 100 and is used to emit an excitation beam of a preset wavelength carrying image information onto a preset area of ​​the windshield 100 where an upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110 is provided, so that the windshield 100 displays a visible light image corresponding to the image information.

[0064] It is understood that image information includes, but is not limited to, vehicle speed, mileage, navigation information, alarm signals, and warning information.

[0065] It should be noted that in this invention, the preset wavelength is 800nm~1550nm.

[0066] It is understood that in this invention, the image projection unit 200 operates in a static area array projection mode.

[0067] like Figure 4 As shown, the image projection unit 200 includes an excitation element 201, a light modulation element 202, and a projection element 203. The excitation element 201 is disposed on one side of the windshield 100 and is used to emit an excitation beam of a preset wavelength. The light modulation element 202 is disposed downstream of the excitation element 201 and is used to modulate the excitation beam according to an input image electrical signal to load image information corresponding to the image electrical signal onto the excitation beam. The projection element 203 is disposed downstream of the light modulation element 202 and is used to project the modulated excitation beam onto a preset area of ​​the windshield.

[0068] It should be noted that, in this invention, an excitation element 201, an optical modulation element 202, and a projection element 203 are sequentially arranged in the optical path of the laser beam emitted by the excitation element 201.

[0069] It should be noted that the excitation element 201 is any one or more combinations of a laser diode, a laser array, and a light-emitting diode array. That is, the excitation element 201 is an excitation source.

[0070] It should be noted that the optical modulation element 202 is a spatial light modulator, including but not limited to digital micromirror devices (DMDs) and liquid crystal spatial light modulators (LCoS).

[0071] It should be noted that the projection element 203 is a projection lens group.

[0072] Furthermore, the in-vehicle display system also includes a control unit 300. The control unit 300 is communicatively connected to the image projection unit 200 and is used to acquire vehicle operating status information, generate image electrical signals based on the vehicle operating status information, and transmit the image electrical signals to the image projection unit 200 so that the image projection unit 200 emits an excitation beam carrying image information according to the image electrical signals.

[0073] Understandably, the control unit 300 communicates with the vehicle's data bus to obtain the vehicle's operating status information.

[0074] It should be noted that the control unit 300 includes, but is not limited to, a dedicated electronic control unit (ECU) based on a microprocessor or microcontroller, or a software function module integrated into the vehicle infotainment domain or autonomous driving domain controller.

[0075] In some of these embodiments, the control unit 300 is integrated with the image projection unit 200.

[0076] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the image projection unit 200 and the control unit 300 are located in the dashboard area of ​​the vehicle.

[0077] The working process of the image projection unit 200 is as follows: The excitation element 201 (such as a near-infrared laser or an LED array) emits a laser beam; The control unit 300 generates an image signal (e.g., the number "60") and drives the light modulation element 202 (e.g., a spatial light modulator, a digital micromirror device, DMD) to modulate the intensity of the excitation beam, forming a corresponding near-infrared light distribution image. The modulated excitation beam is then projected onto a specific area of ​​the upconversion luminescent functional layer 110 via the projection element 203 (lens group). The upconversion luminescent nanomaterials 112 in the upconversion luminescent functional layer 110 are excited, converting the invisible infrared image into a visible light image for the driver to view.

[0078] The vehicle-mounted display system of this embodiment can form a complete image with a single projection, and the system is stable and reliable.

[0079] The technical advantages of the vehicle display system of the present invention are as follows: 1) The core of the system consists of only two parts: an "image projection unit" and a "windshield". It is small in size, easy to arrange flexibly inside the vehicle, and significantly reduces costs. 2) Achieve a truly economical, reliable, and high-performance "panoramic" or "large area" HUD.

[0080] Example 3 This embodiment relates to a second implementation of the vehicle-mounted display system of the present invention.

[0081] An illustrative embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 5 As shown, an in-vehicle display system includes a windshield 100 as described in Embodiment 1 and an image projection unit 200. The image projection unit 200 is disposed on one side of the windshield 100 and is used to emit an excitation beam of a preset wavelength carrying image information onto a preset area of ​​the windshield 100 where an upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110 is provided, so that the windshield 100 displays a visible light image corresponding to the image information.

[0082] It is understandable that the image information includes, but is not limited to, vehicle speed, mileage, navigation information, alarm signals, etc.

[0083] It should be noted that in this invention, the preset wavelength is 800nm~1550nm.

[0084] It is understood that in this invention, the image projection unit 200 operates in raster scanning mode.

[0085] like Figure 5 As shown, the image projection unit 200 includes an excitation element 201 and an optical modulation element 202. The excitation element 201 is disposed on one side of the windshield 100 and is used to emit an excitation beam of a preset wavelength. The optical modulation element 202 is disposed downstream of the excitation element 201 and is used to modulate the excitation beam according to the input image electrical signal so as to load image information corresponding to the image electrical signal onto the excitation beam.

[0086] It should be noted that, in this invention, an excitation element 201 and an optical modulation element 202 are sequentially arranged in the optical path of the laser beam emitted by the excitation element 201.

[0087] It should be noted that the excitation element 201 is any one or more combinations of a laser diode, a laser array, and a light-emitting diode array. That is, the excitation element 201 is an excitation source.

[0088] It should be noted that the optical modulation element 202 is a beam scanning device, including but not limited to a two-dimensional scanning galvanometer and a MEMS micromirror.

[0089] Furthermore, the in-vehicle display system also includes a control unit 300. The control unit 300 is communicatively connected to the image projection unit 200 and is used to acquire vehicle operating status information, generate image electrical signals based on the vehicle operating status information, and transmit the image electrical signals to the image projection unit 200 so that the image projection unit 200 emits an excitation beam carrying image information according to the image electrical signals.

[0090] Understandably, the control unit 300 communicates with the vehicle's data bus to obtain the vehicle's operating status information.

[0091] It should be noted that the control unit 300 includes, but is not limited to, a dedicated electronic control unit (ECU) based on a microprocessor or microcontroller, or a software function module integrated into the vehicle infotainment domain or autonomous driving domain controller.

[0092] In some of these embodiments, the control unit 300 is integrated with the image projection unit 200.

[0093] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the image projection unit 200 and the control unit 300 are located on the inner top of the vehicle.

[0094] The working process of the image projection unit 200 is as follows: The excitation element 201 (such as a near-infrared laser or an LED array) emits a laser beam; The extremely fine excitation beam is reflected by the light modulation element 202 (scanning device) and performs high-speed two-dimensional point-by-point scanning on the upconversion light-emitting functional layer 110. By precisely controlling the excitation of each point, a complete visible light image is synthesized by the persistence of vision of the human eye.

[0095] For the vehicle-mounted display system of this embodiment, this scanning method has high light energy utilization and is suitable for drawing lines and complex contours. Placing the projection unit on the roof of the vehicle is beneficial for obtaining a shorter optical path and a better incident angle, thereby simplifying the optical design and potentially achieving a wider field of view.

[0096] The technical advantages of the vehicle display system of the present invention are as follows: 1) The core of the system consists of only two parts: an "image projection unit" and a "windshield". It is small in size, easy to arrange flexibly inside the vehicle, and significantly reduces costs. 2) Achieve a truly economical, reliable, and high-performance "panoramic" or "large area" HUD.

[0097] Example 4 This embodiment relates to the vehicle of the present invention.

[0098] The vehicle of the present invention is basically an automobile, which includes at least a windshield 100 as described in Example 1.

[0099] Furthermore, the vehicle of the present invention may also include an in-vehicle display system as described in Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3.

[0100] The method of using the vehicle of the present invention is basically the same as that of Embodiments 1 to 3, and will not be described again here.

[0101] This invention relates to the field of automotive display technology and discloses a fully transparent automotive windshield display system based on upconversion luminescent materials. The system includes a fully transparent special windshield (i.e., the windshield of Example 1) and an image projection unit (i.e., the image projection units of Examples 2 and 3). At least a portion of the special windshield integrates a transparent upconversion luminescent functional layer, containing upconversion luminescent nanoparticles, via surface attachment or interlayer embedding. The image projection unit is located inside the vehicle cabin and projects near-infrared or short-wave infrared excitation beams carrying image information onto the functional layer. After absorbing the excitation light, the upconversion luminescent nanoparticles in the upconversion luminescent functional layer emit visible light through an upconversion process, thereby directly displaying the image on the windshield for the driver to view. This invention eliminates the complex virtual image optical system of traditional head-up displays (HUDs), achieving a high degree of visual and physical integration between the display device and the windshield. The system is completely transparent in its non-display state, with high transmittance, does not obstruct the driver's view, and has the advantages of simplified structure, low cost, large field of view, and stable image quality.

[0102] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0103] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A windshield, characterized in that, include: An upconversion light-emitting functional layer is disposed in at least a portion of the windshield and is used to emit visible light under the excitation of an excitation beam of a preset wavelength to display a visible light image corresponding to the image information carried by the excitation beam.

2. The windshield according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A glass substrate, wherein the upconversion light-emitting functional layer is disposed on the inner surface of the glass substrate; or Two glass substrates, with the upconversion light-emitting functional layer disposed between the two glass substrates.

3. The windshield according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The region where the upconversion luminescent functional layer is provided has an average transmittance of ≥80% for visible light.

4. The windshield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upconversion luminescent functional layer is a composite transparent film formed by combining a transparent matrix with upconversion luminescent nanomaterials.

5. The windshield according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upconversion luminescent nanomaterial is an upconversion luminescent nanomaterial doped with rare earth ions.

6. A vehicle-mounted display system, characterized in that, include: The windshield as described in any one of claims 1 to 5; An image projection unit is disposed on one side of the windshield and is used to emit an excitation beam carrying a preset wavelength of image information to a preset area of ​​the windshield where the upconversion light emission functional layer is disposed, so that the windshield displays a visible light image corresponding to the image information.

7. The vehicle-mounted display system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The image projection unit includes: An excitation element is disposed on one side of the windshield and is used to emit an excitation beam of a preset wavelength; An optical modulation element is disposed downstream of the excitation element and is used to modulate the excitation beam according to the input image electrical signal to load image information corresponding to the image electrical signal onto the excitation beam.

8. The vehicle-mounted display system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The image projection unit further includes: A projection element is disposed downstream of the light modulation element and is used to project the modulated excitation beam onto a preset area of ​​the windshield.

9. The vehicle-mounted display system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The excitation element is any one or more combinations of a laser diode, a laser array, and a light-emitting diode array; and / or The optical modulation element is any one or a combination of two of the following: a spatial optical modulator and a beam scanning device.

10. The vehicle-mounted display system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The spatial light modulator is any one or a combination of two of the following: a digital micromirror device and a liquid crystal spatial light modulator; and / or The beam scanning device is any one or a combination of two of the following: a two-dimensional scanning galvanometer and a MEMS micromirror.

11. The vehicle-mounted display system according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that, Also includes: The control unit is communicatively connected to the image projection unit and is used to acquire vehicle operating status information, generate image electrical signals based on the vehicle operating status information, and transmit the image electrical signals to the image projection unit so that the image projection unit emits an excitation beam carrying image information according to the image electrical signals.

12. A vehicle, characterized in that, include: The windshield as described in any one of claims 1 to 5; or The vehicle display system as described in any one of claims 6 to 11.

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