Permeable filler and ecological revetment

Abstract

The invention discloses a permeable filler and an ecological revetment, and relates to the technical field of waterfront ecological engineering. The permeable filler comprises an ecological curing agent, the ecological curing agent comprises, by mass, 30%-45% of a biomass cementing material, 10%-20% of a water-absorbing polymer, 15%-25% of a microbial carrier, 5%-8% of a heavy metal stabilizer and the balance inert filler, and the ecological curing agent and dry soil are mixed and compacted according to the mass ratio of 1: 8-1: 12. The ecological curing agent is prepared from the biomass cementing material, the water-absorbing polymer, the microbial carrier, the heavy metal stabilizer and the balance of inert filler according to the mass fraction, suspended solids and heavy metals in rainwater are effectively reduced, the situation that first rain is polluted into a river is avoided, and material exchange between land and a water body ecological system is promoted; the ecological revetment can effectively improve the rainwater retention rate and the water storage period through a three-stage structure, reduce surface runoff and improve the rainwater resource utilization rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waterfront ecological engineering technology, and more specifically, to a permeable filler and an ecological bank protection system. Background Technology

[0002] Waterfront revetments are key engineering facilities for ensuring the stability of water bodies and preventing soil erosion, while also playing an important role in connecting the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

[0003] Traditional revetments typically employ rigid materials such as concrete or masonry, which have very limited permeability, resulting in inadequate stormwater management. Furthermore, these materials can obstruct the exchange of substances and biological migration pathways between land and water, leading to poor ecological compatibility. While traditional revetments possess strong mechanical strength and erosion resistance, their rigid structure presents significant construction challenges and makes them ill-suited to adapting to changes in water level and the impact of water flow. Their inherent brittleness can also cause cracks or collapses, leading to instability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a permeable filler and an ecological bank protection system, which can solve the problems of insufficient rainwater utilization, poor ecological performance and easy instability of traditional bank protection systems in the prior art.

[0005] A permeable filler includes an ecological curing agent, wherein the ecological curing agent comprises 30% to 45% by mass of biomass cementitious material, 10% to 20% by mass of water-absorbing polymer, 15% to 25% by mass of microbial carrier, 5% to 8% by mass of heavy metal stabilizer, and the balance being an inert filler. It also includes dry soil, and the ecological solidifying agent is mixed with the dry soil at a mass ratio of 1:8 to 1:12 and compacted.

[0006] The permeable filler provided by this invention has, but is not limited to, the following beneficial effects compared to the prior art: This ecological solidifying agent is composed of the above-mentioned mass fractions of biomass cementitious materials, water-absorbing polymers, microbial carriers, heavy metal stabilizers, and the remainder inert fillers. The ecological solidifying agent is then mixed with dry soil and compacted, allowing the microbial carriers, heavy metal stabilizers, and riparian plants and sedimentation wells in the revetment to work synergistically to effectively reduce suspended solids and heavy metals in rainwater, prevent initial rainwater pollution from entering the river, ensure normal vegetation growth, promote the exchange of substances between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and improve ecological performance.

[0007] Furthermore, the biomass gelling material is a compound of straw ash and humic acid in a mass ratio of 2:1. The straw ash contains active ingredients such as SiO2 and Al2O3, and the humic acid is used to adjust the soil pH and provide nutrients for vegetation growth.

[0008] Furthermore, the water-absorbing polymer is a compound of sodium polyacrylate and sodium carboxymethyl starch, with a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0009] Furthermore, the microbial carrier is a mixture of zeolite powder and ceramsite, the particle size of the microbial carrier is 2mm~5mm, and the heavy metal stabilizer is a phosphate compound that can react with Pb ions and Cd ions to form insoluble phosphate precipitates.

[0010] The present invention provides an ecological bank protection system, comprising a water storage layer, a diversion layer and a water collection layer arranged sequentially from top to bottom; The water storage layer is made of the permeable filler as described above, and vegetation is planted in the water storage layer. The diversion layer is formed by splicing multiple block modules through a mortise and tenon structure, and each block module has a cavity for storing water. The gaps between adjacent block modules are filled with microbial carriers, which are used to filter rainwater that seeps into the gaps from the water storage layer. The water collection layer uses the permeable filler as described above, and the permeable filler is compacted.

[0011] This ecological revetment uses vegetation on the water storage layer to intercept rainwater and promote vegetation growth. Then, rainwater is stored in the cavities of the block modules in the diversion layer. Some rainwater flowing through the gaps between the blocks is filtered by microbial carriers and mixes with the rainwater in the cavities before infiltrating through the water collection layer. The water collection layer, combined with permeable filler, ensures the stability of the revetment and guides rainwater infiltration or discharge into sedimentation wells. This three-stage structure effectively improves rainwater retention rate and storage cycle, reduces surface runoff, and enhances rainwater resource utilization.

[0012] Furthermore, several vegetation troughs are formed at the top of the water storage layer, and the vegetation is planted in the vegetation troughs.

[0013] Furthermore, a plurality of water inlet holes are provided at the top of the flow guiding layer, and the plurality of water inlet holes form a water inlet grid. A flow guide port is provided at the bottom of the flow guiding layer, and the water inlet holes and the flow guide port are connected to the cavity inside the flow guiding layer.

[0014] Furthermore, the mortise and tenon structure includes a first tenon and a first mortise arranged coaxially, and a second tenon and a second mortise arranged coaxially, wherein the shape of the first tenon is adapted to the shape of the first mortise, and the shape of the second tenon is adapted to the shape of the second mortise.

[0015] Furthermore, the water collection layer has a permeable blind pipe with perforated pipe wall, and the permeable blind pipe is made of HDPE.

[0016] Furthermore, the end of the permeable blind pipe is connected to a sedimentation well, the sedimentation well is equipped with a filter screen, and the outlet of the sedimentation well is connected to a waterfront planting area, where wetland purification plants are planted. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of an ecological bank protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the block module in the flow guide layer; Figure 3 This is a bottom view of the block module.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Slope top beam; 2. Water storage layer; 21. Vegetation trough; 3. Diversion layer; 31. Block module; 32. First tenon; 33. First mortise; 34. Second tenon; 35. Second mortise; 36. Water inlet; 37. Diversion port; 4. Water collection layer; 41. Permeable blind pipe; 5. Bank slope soil; 8. Sedimentation well. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings showing multiple embodiments according to this application. It should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments described in this application without creative effort will fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used in the description of this application is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit this application; the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," etc., in the description, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are open-ended terms. Therefore, "comprising," "including," or "having" refers to, for example, a method or apparatus having one or more steps or elements, but is not limited to having only these one or more elements. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the description, claims, or accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order or hierarchy. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0022] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "attachment" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] It should be emphasized that when the term "comprising / including" is used in this specification, it is used to explicitly indicate the presence of the stated feature, integer, step, or component, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, parts, or groups of features, integers, steps, or parts.

[0024] In this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, in this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0025] Traditional riverbank protection structures often employ impermeable materials such as concrete and masonry. Rainwater, once it reaches the bank, cannot be effectively retained and instead flows directly into the water as surface runoff. This not only wastes rainwater resources but also easily leads to soil erosion due to runoff. Furthermore, initial rainfall carries suspended solids, heavy metals, and other pollutants that directly enter the river, exacerbating water pollution.

[0026] Impermeable structures can block the exchange of substances and migration routes between land and water, making it difficult for vegetation to grow on the surface of revetments. This leads to the fragmentation of riparian ecosystems and fails to provide habitats for birds, insects, and other organisms. Some revetments using soil stabilizers contain cement, heavy metal additives, and other components that can alter soil pH, inhibit vegetation growth, and even cause secondary pollution, thus failing to achieve effective ecological compatibility.

[0027] In existing technologies, to improve erosion resistance, current revetments focus on mechanical strength and adopt heavy, rigid structures. This not only results in high construction costs and poor flexibility, but also makes them prone to cracking and collapse under changes in water level and water flow, leading to instability. While ecological revetments (such as purely vegetated revetments and gravel revetments) have good ecological properties, their mechanical strength is insufficient, and they will also become unstable with long-term use.

[0028] The present invention provides a permeable filler comprising an ecological curing agent, which includes 30% to 45% by mass of biomass cementitious material, 10% to 20% by mass of water-absorbing polymer, 15% to 25% by mass of microbial carrier, 5% to 8% by mass of heavy metal stabilizer, and the balance being inert filler.

[0029] Permeable filler also includes dry soil, and the ecological solidifying agent is mixed with the dry soil at a mass ratio of 1:8 to 1:12 and compacted.

[0030] In this embodiment, an ecological solidifying agent is composed of 40% biomass cementitious material, 15% water-absorbing polymer, 20% microbial carrier, 6% heavy metal stabilizer, and the remainder inert filler. The ecological solidifying agent is then mixed with dry soil at a mass ratio of 1:10 and compacted. The synergistic effect of the microbial carrier, heavy metal stabilizer, riparian plants, and sedimentation wells in the revetment effectively reduces suspended solids and heavy metals in rainwater, preventing initial rainwater pollution from entering the river.

[0031] Testing revealed that the permeable filler has a saturated water storage rate ≥25%, a compressive strength ≥1.8MPa, and a permeability coefficient ≥1×10⁻⁶. - 3 The flow rate was cm / s, pH value was 7.0~8.3, and the sum of the leaching amounts of heavy metals Pb and Cd was <0.005mg / L. These test data effectively demonstrate that the revetment fully meets the requirements for mechanical stability and ecological compatibility. Furthermore, the permeable filler has a near-neutral pH value and is free of heavy metal pollution, ensuring normal vegetation growth, promoting material exchange between the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and improving ecological health.

[0032] Here, dry soil includes, but is not limited to, on-site soil or nutrient soil. Rather, it is a description of the dry state of the soil when mixed with the ecological solidifying agent. The specific meaning needs to be determined in conjunction with the material mixing logic of different structural layers of the revetment.

[0033] Inert fillers include, but are not limited to, quartz sand with a particle size of 0.5mm to 1mm. In actual use, the compaction density and mechanical strength of the mixture can be improved by optimizing the particle size distribution of the curing agent, thus avoiding shrinkage cracks after curing.

[0034] The composition ratio of materials in permeable fillers needs to be adjusted based on the actual environment. In some embodiments, an ecological solidifying agent consisting of 30% biomass cementitious material, 10% water-absorbing polymer, 15% microbial carrier, 5% heavy metal stabilizer, and the remainder inert filler is used. The ecological solidifying agent is then mixed with dry soil at a mass ratio of 1:8 and compacted.

[0035] In another embodiment, an ecological solidifying agent consisting of 45% biomass cementitious material, 20% water-absorbing polymer, 25% microbial carrier, 8% heavy metal stabilizer, and the remainder inert filler is used. The ecological solidifying agent is then mixed with dry soil at a mass ratio of 1:12 and compacted.

[0036] Optionally, the biomass cementitious material is a mixture of straw ash and humic acid in a mass ratio of 2:1. The straw ash contains active ingredients such as SiO2 and Al2O3, while the humic acid is used to adjust the soil pH and provide nutrients for vegetation growth.

[0037] In this embodiment, straw ash is a product of agricultural waste resource utilization, containing active ingredients such as SiO2 and Al2O3. It can replace part of the cement to provide cementitious strength, and humic acid can enhance the water retention capacity of the ecological solidifying agent while providing nutrients for vegetation growth.

[0038] Optionally, the water-absorbing polymer is a compound of sodium polyacrylate and sodium carboxymethyl starch in a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0039] In this embodiment, sodium polyacrylate has a water absorption ratio of 300 to 500 times its own weight, and sodium carboxymethyl starch is a natural polymer biodegradable material with good biodegradability. The combination of the two can achieve rapid absorption and slow release of rainwater, thereby extending the rainwater retention period.

[0040] Optionally, the microbial carrier is a mixture of zeolite powder and ceramsite, with a particle size of 2 mm to 5 mm. The heavy metal stabilizer is a phosphate compound that can react with Pb ions and Cd ions to form insoluble phosphate precipitates.

[0041] In this embodiment, zeolite powder has a porous structure, which can adsorb suspended solids and heavy metal ions in water, while providing attachment sites for microorganisms (including but not limited to nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria). Moreover, ceramsite is lightweight and has good water permeability, which can optimize the internal pore structure of the ecological solidifying agent and improve its water permeability.

[0042] Heavy metal stabilizers use phosphate compounds, including but not limited to diammonium hydrogen phosphate, which can react with heavy metal ions such as Pb and Cd in rainwater and soil to form insoluble phosphate precipitates, thus blocking the migration of heavy metals into water bodies.

[0043] like Figures 1-3 As shown in the figure, an ecological revetment provided in this embodiment of the invention is set on the surface of the bank slope soil 5. A slope top beam 1 is set on the top of the bank slope soil 5, and a sedimentation well 8 is set on one side of the bottom.

[0044] The ecological revetment consists of a water storage layer 2, a diversion layer 3, and a water collection layer 4, arranged sequentially from top to bottom.

[0045] The water storage layer 2 is made of the permeable filler material as described above, and vegetation is planted in the water storage layer 2.

[0046] The diversion layer 3 is formed by splicing multiple block modules 31 through a mortise and tenon structure, and the block modules 31 are provided with cavities for water storage. The gaps between adjacent block modules 31 are filled with microbial carriers, which are used to filter rainwater that seeps into the gaps from the water storage layer 2.

[0047] The water collection layer 4 uses the permeable filler as described above, and the permeable filler is compacted.

[0048] In this embodiment, rainwater is intercepted by vegetation on the water storage layer 2, which also aids in vegetation growth. Then, rainwater is stored in the cavities of the block modules 31 in the diversion layer 3. A portion of the rainwater flowing down from the gaps between the block modules 31 is filtered by a microbial carrier and mixed with the rainwater in the cavities before infiltrating through the water collection layer 4. The water collection layer 4, combined with permeable filler, ensures the stability of the revetment and guides rainwater infiltration or discharge into the sedimentation well 8. Testing shows that this three-stage structure can achieve a rainwater retention rate of ≥60% and a water storage period of over 72 hours, effectively reducing surface runoff and improving rainwater resource utilization.

[0049] In addition, multiple block modules 31 are joined together by mortise and tenon joints to form a whole structure. The spliced ​​structure can adapt to changes in water level and water flow impact, and has strong stability and erosion resistance, preventing the revetment from collapsing. Moreover, the block modules 31 have cavities, making each block module 31 lighter in weight. During installation, no large hoisting equipment is required, and it can be quickly assembled on site, reducing construction difficulty and improving construction efficiency.

[0050] Among them, the block module 31 is made of precast concrete with a strength grade of C25 and a frost resistance grade of F200. Its dimensions are 60cm long × 40cm wide × 25cm high, and the cavity volume of a single block module 31 is ≥500cm³. 3 The gaps between adjacent block modules 31 are filled with a microbial carrier consisting of a mixture of zeolite powder and ceramsite, with a particle size of 2mm to 5mm.

[0051] Optionally, several vegetation troughs 21 are provided on the top of the water storage layer 2, and vegetation, which is water- and drought-resistant ground cover plants, is planted in the vegetation troughs 21.

[0052] In this embodiment, the thickness of the water storage layer 2 is 12cm~15cm, and it is composed of an ecological solidifying agent and nutrient soil mixed at a mass ratio of 1:10. The nutrient soil is a mixture of leaf mold and garden soil at a mass ratio of 1:2, which can improve soil fertility. Vegetation troughs 21, with a depth of 10cm~12cm and a spacing of 20cm~30cm, are evenly arranged on the top of the water storage layer 2. Water-tolerant and drought-tolerant ground cover plants (such as bermudagrass and iris) are planted in these troughs. The plant roots can fix the surface soil and simultaneously consume some of the stored rainwater through transpiration. When rainwater falls into the water storage layer 2, it is first absorbed and retained by the water-absorbing polymer in the ecological solidifying agent. Excess rainwater infiltrates to the diversion layer 3 by gravity, achieving a synergistic effect of surface rainwater interception and vegetation water supply.

[0053] Optionally, a plurality of water inlet holes 36 are provided on the top of the flow guide layer 3, forming a water inlet grid, and a flow guide port 37 with a diameter of 10 mm is provided on the bottom of the flow guide layer 3. The water inlet holes 36 and the flow guide port 37 are connected to the cavity inside the flow guide layer 3.

[0054] In this embodiment, the inlet hole diameter is 5mm~8mm to prevent clogging by fallen leaves and impurities. The gaps between the block modules 31 are filled with microbial carriers. After rainwater infiltrates into this layer, part of it is stored in the cavity, and the other part is filtered and purified by the microbial carriers before flowing into the water collection layer 4 through the guide port 37.

[0055] Optionally, the mortise and tenon structure includes a first tenon 32 and a first mortise 33 arranged coaxially, and a second tenon 34 and a second mortise 35 arranged coaxially. The shape of the first tenon 32 is adapted to the shape of the first mortise 33, and the shape of the second tenon 34 is adapted to the shape of the second mortise 35.

[0056] During assembly, the block modules 31 can be positioned according to the actual situation. In this embodiment, the first tenon 32 and the first mortise 33 cooperate to achieve mutual interlocking and locking of adjacent block modules 31 in the horizontal direction. The second tenon 34 and the second mortise 35 cooperate to achieve the vertical positioning and anti-slip function of the block modules 31. After testing, the flow guiding layer 3 formed by the tenon and mortise structure splicing makes the overall scour resistance of the revetment ≥3m / s.

[0057] Optionally, the water collection layer 4 has a permeable blind pipe 41 with perforated pipe wall, and the permeable blind pipe 41 is made of HDPE.

[0058] In this embodiment, the water collection layer 4 is compacted using permeable filler, and the compacted dry density of the water collection layer 4 is ≥1.55 g / cm³. 3 The compacted thickness is 20cm~25cm to ensure the bearing capacity and erosion resistance of the revetment. Several holes are made in the wall of the permeable blind pipe 41 to increase the infiltration rate of rainwater and facilitate drainage. The permeable blind pipe 41 has a diameter of 50mm~60mm, a wall porosity of ≥20%, and is wrapped with geotextile with a permeability coefficient ≥1×10-3cm / s. -3 cm / s (to prevent soil particles from clogging the pipe wall). Furthermore, the slope of the permeable blind pipe 41 is consistent with the slope of the bank slope soil 5.

[0059] Optionally, the end of the permeable blind pipe 41 is connected to a sedimentation well 8, which is equipped with a filter screen to intercept impurities. The outlet of the sedimentation well 8 is connected to a waterfront planting area, where wetland purification plants are planted.

[0060] In this embodiment, the sedimentation well 8 has dimensions of 80cm in length × 60cm in width × 100cm in depth. After rainwater flows into the permeable blind pipe 41 through the diversion layer 3, part of it infiltrates into the underground aquifer through the permeable filler of the water collection layer 4 to achieve rainwater replenishment, while the other part is transported to the sedimentation well 8 at the bottom of the bank slope soil 5 through the permeable blind pipe 41. The waterfront planting area connected to the sedimentation well 8 is planted with wetland plants, including but not limited to reeds and calamus. After being purified again by the waterfront plants, the rainwater slowly flows into the water body, avoiding direct discharge that could impact the water body.

[0061] The vegetation on the water storage layer 2, together with the wetland plants in the waterfront planting area, forms a waterfront vegetation belt, providing a habitat for organisms.

[0062] In this application, an ecological solidifying agent composed of biomass cementitious materials, water-absorbing polymers, microbial carriers, heavy metal stabilizers, and inert fillers, combined with permeable fillers after dry soil mixing and compaction, possesses functions of water storage and slow release, water purification, and mechanical stabilization. Combined with the layered revetment structure of water storage layer 2, flow guiding layer 3, and water collection layer 4, the resulting ecological revetment achieves synergistic effects of rainwater retention, storage, purification, and drainage, improving rainwater management coordination capabilities. At the same time, it enhances the ecological compatibility and erosion resistance of the revetment, making it suitable for ecological revetment projects in waterfront areas such as rivers and lakes.

[0063] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely a few specific examples of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any variations that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A permeable filler, characterized in that, It includes an ecological curing agent, which comprises 30% to 45% by mass of biomass cementitious material, 10% to 20% by mass of water-absorbing polymer, 15% to 25% by mass of microbial carrier, 5% to 8% by mass of heavy metal stabilizer, and the balance being inert filler. It also includes dry soil, and the ecological solidifying agent is mixed with the dry soil at a mass ratio of 1:8 to 1:12 and compacted.

2. The permeable filler as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The biomass cementitious material is a compound of straw ash and humic acid in a mass ratio of 2:

1. The straw ash contains active ingredients such as SiO2 and Al2O3, and the humic acid is used to adjust the soil pH and provide nutrients for vegetation growth.

3. The permeable filler as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The water-absorbing polymer is a compound of sodium polyacrylate and sodium carboxymethyl starch, with a mass ratio of 3:

2.

4. The permeable filler as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial carrier is a mixture of zeolite powder and ceramsite, and the particle size of the microbial carrier is 2mm~5mm. The heavy metal stabilizer is a phosphate compound that can react with Pb ions and Cd ions to form insoluble phosphate precipitates.

5. An ecological bank protection system, characterized in that, It includes a water storage layer (2), a diversion layer (3) and a water collection layer (4) arranged from top to bottom; The water storage layer (2) is made of permeable filler as described in any one of claims 1-4, and the water storage layer (2) is used for planting vegetation; The flow-guiding layer (3) is formed by splicing multiple block modules (31) through a mortise and tenon structure, and the block module (31) is provided with a cavity for water storage. The gap between adjacent block modules (31) is filled with a microbial carrier, which is used to filter rainwater that seeps into the gap from the water storage layer (2). The water collection layer (4) is made of permeable filler as described in any one of claims 1-4, and the permeable filler is compacted.

6. The ecological bank protection as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Several vegetation troughs (21) are opened on the top of the water storage layer (2), and the vegetation is planted in the vegetation troughs (21).

7. The ecological bank protection as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The top of the flow guide layer (3) has several water inlet holes (36), which form a water inlet grid. The bottom of the flow guide layer (3) has a flow guide port (37), and the water inlet holes (36) and the flow guide port (37) are connected to the cavity inside the flow guide layer (3).

8. The ecological bank protection as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The mortise and tenon structure includes a first tenon (32) and a first mortise (33) arranged coaxially, and a second tenon (34) and a second mortise (35) arranged coaxially. The shape of the first tenon (32) is adapted to the shape of the first mortise (33), and the shape of the second tenon (34) is adapted to the shape of the second mortise (35).

9. The ecological bank protection as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The water collection layer (4) has a permeable blind pipe (41) with a perforated pipe wall inside, and the permeable blind pipe (41) is made of HDPE.

10. The ecological bank protection as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The end of the permeable blind pipe (41) is connected to the sedimentation well (8), the sedimentation well (8) is equipped with a filter screen, and the outlet of the sedimentation well (8) is connected to the waterfront planting area, where wetland purification plants are planted.

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