A sequential energy dissipation chain and pier anti-collision device

Abstract

The application relates to a sequential energy dissipation chain and a pier anti-collision device. The sequential energy dissipation chain comprises a fixed end, a force transmission chain comprising a plurality of chain links and chain link pins, two adjacent chain links being hinged through the chain link pins, and a plurality of energy dissipation pull rod assemblies, two ends of each energy dissipation pull rod assembly being hinged on two force transmission chains, and each energy dissipation pull rod assembly being configured to sequentially stretch and realize sequential energy dissipation when the fixed ends of the two force transmission chains are relatively stretched under stress. The design yield load of the chain link and the chain link pin is greater than the design yield load of the energy dissipation pull rod assembly. The sequential energy dissipation chain is used in the pier anti-collision device, a plurality of high-ductility and low-yield pull rods sequentially yield and stretch, stable and controllable collision energy dissipation is realized, and the ship collision force is accurately limited.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of bridge pier anti-ship collision technology, specifically to a sequential energy dissipation chain and a bridge pier anti-collision device. Background Technology

[0002] With the booming development of inland waterway and coastal shipping and the continuous increase in the number of bridges spanning rivers and seas, the risk of collisions between ships and bridge piers is becoming increasingly prominent. Ship-bridge collisions can not only cause severe damage to both the ship and the bridge structure, resulting in huge direct economic losses, but can also lead to catastrophic consequences such as traffic disruptions and even casualties. Currently, common anti-ship collision devices for bridge piers mainly rely on elastic deformation, plastic crushing, structural buckling, or friction to dissipate collision energy. Typical examples include rubber fenders, steel casings, and various composite material anti-collision facilities. However, these traditional anti-collision solutions have the following limitations:

[0003] First, the accuracy of ship impact force control is low. The resistance of most existing devices during a collision (i.e., the impact force ultimately transmitted to the pier) changes significantly with the increase of their own deformation, usually exhibiting a nonlinear force-displacement relationship. This forces structural designers to check the pier's bearing capacity based on the maximum possible peak force, resulting in overly conservative designs and poor economic efficiency.

[0004] Secondly, the energy-consuming stroke and energy-consuming capacity are fixed. The energy-consuming capacity of existing energy-absorbing elements is usually fixed, and the adaptability of such devices is seriously insufficient for ships of different tonnages and speeds, or for bridge piers with different collision resistance requirements. If a higher protection level is required, it can often only be achieved by simply stacking multiple units or increasing the overall structural size, lacking a flexible, economical and scalable adjustment mechanism.

[0005] Finally, there are uncertainties regarding performance predictability and long-term reliability. Devices that partially rely on friction pairs or complex multi-stage deformation modes are susceptible to environmental factors (such as seawater corrosion and material aging) or impact loading rates, making it difficult to guarantee performance stability and reliability during long-term service, thus increasing maintenance costs and safety risks.

[0006] In summary, there is an urgent need for a new type of energy-absorbing component and bridge pier anti-collision device that can achieve precise control of impact force, flexible adjustment of energy consumption stroke, and stable and reliable mechanical performance. This device should be able to actively limit and stabilize the ship impact force below a safe threshold through pre-set and predictable mechanical behavior, thereby significantly improving the economy and wide engineering applicability of the anti-collision system while ensuring adequate protection. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This application provides a sequential energy dissipation chain and a bridge pier anti-collision device to solve the problems of existing bridge pier anti-collision devices having difficulty in accurately controlling ship impact force, fixed energy dissipation stroke, and poor adaptability.

[0008] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a sequential energy dissipation chain, including:

[0009] The force transmission chain consists of two chains, including multiple chain links and chain link pins, with adjacent chain links hinged together by the chain link pins; and two fixed ends are hinged together with the ends of the force transmission chains.

[0010] A plurality of energy-dissipating tie rod assemblies, wherein the two ends of the energy-dissipating tie rod assemblies are respectively hinged to two force transmission chains, and each energy-dissipating tie rod assembly is configured such that when the fixed ends of the two force transmission chains are subjected to force and are subjected to relative tension, each energy-dissipating tie rod assembly is stretched sequentially to dissipate energy.

[0011] The design yield loads of the chain link and the chain link pin are both greater than the design yield load of the energy dissipation tie rod assembly.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the energy-dissipating tie rod assembly includes at least two tie rods, with adjacent tie rods hinged together by a tie rod link.

[0013] In one embodiment, the two ends of the energy-dissipating tie rod assembly are hinged to the chain link pins; or, they are hinged to the chain links via pins.

[0014] In one embodiment, starting from the fixed end, the link pins of the two force transmission chains are sequentially numbered along their length. The two ends of the energy-dissipating tie rod assembly are respectively hinged to the link pins of the two force transmission chains, and the following conditions are met:

[0015] The chain link pins connected at both ends have the same number; or, the chain link pins connected at both ends are numbered sequentially along the force transmission direction.

[0016] In one embodiment, the chain link pins connected to both ends of each energy-dissipating tie rod assembly have the same number. The energy-dissipating tie rod assembly includes two tie rods, wherein the tie rod length is L, the elongation at break is α, and the center distance between the chain link pins is c, satisfying: c≥L×α.

[0017] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an energy-absorbing component, including: a fixed hinge base, a support rod, a connecting hinge shaft, and the aforementioned sequential energy dissipation chain;

[0018] The number of support rods is four, forming a rhomboid structure;

[0019] The number of fixed hinge seats is two, which are set at a pair of opposite corners of the rhomboid structure and are hinged to the struts;

[0020] The number of connecting hinges is two, which are set on the other pair of opposite corners of the rhomboid structure and are hinged to the fixed ends of the struts and the sequential energy dissipation chain.

[0021] This application also provides a bridge pier anti-collision device, including:

[0022] The crash barrier is used to withstand ship impacts; the inner support members are set inside the crash barrier and are connected to or arranged adjacent to the bridge pier.

[0023] And an energy dissipation component, which is set in the internal installation space and fixed at both ends to the anti-collision body and the inner support member respectively, is configured to generate controllable deformation when the anti-collision body is impacted and displaced relative to the inner support member, so as to dissipate the impact kinetic energy.

[0024] In one embodiment, a first space is formed in the middle of the anti-collision body;

[0025] The inner support component is a crossbeam. There are two crossbeams installed in the first space, which divide the first space into a second space located between the inner wall of the first space and the crossbeams, and a third space located between the two crossbeams, wherein the bridge pier is set in the third space.

[0026] The energy-consuming component is the energy-absorbing component described above, with one end anchored to the crash barrier and the other end anchored to the crossbeam.

[0027] Furthermore, both ends of the crossbeam are respectively placed in grooves inside the anti-collision body and can move horizontally in the grooves. A one-way compression spring assembly is provided in the groove, with one end connected to the anti-collision body and the other end connected to the crossbeam.

[0028] In one embodiment, an installation space is formed inside the anti-collision body;

[0029] The inner support member is an inner beam, coaxially arranged within the installation space, and its hollow interior is used to accommodate the bridge pier.

[0030] A track ring is provided in the annular gap between the anti-collision body and the inner beam. The track ring includes a track plate, which is a closed rectangular plate with a rounded end or a rectangular plate with a rounded end composed of two C-shaped plates. A stiffening plate is provided on the outside of the track plate, and it is connected to the anti-collision body and the inner beam respectively by anchor bolts. When the anti-collision body and the inner beam are relatively displaced, the track plate deforms.

[0031] The energy dissipation component is a sequential energy dissipation chain as described above, which is set in the annular gap. Its two ends are respectively installed to the crash barrier and the inner beam through anchor supports. It is configured to generate tensile deformation when the crash barrier is subjected to external force impact, so as to dissipate the impact kinetic energy in stages.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this application include:

[0033] 1. Achieved precise, active control and stable energy dissipation of ship impact force: By employing energy-dissipating tie rod components made of high-ductility, low-yield-point materials, and ensuring that their design yield load is lower than that of each component in the force transmission chain, the energy-dissipating tie rod components can undergo controllable plastic yielding first during ship impact. This "sequential energy dissipation" mechanism decomposes the potentially instantaneous and violent impact energy absorption process into multiple continuous, stable, constant force energy dissipation stages, thereby effectively avoiding the problems of excessively high peak force or unstable force-displacement curves that may occur with traditional one-time energy absorption devices, and achieving precise limitation and stable control of the impact force transmitted to the bridge pier.

[0034] 2. Offers flexible and adjustable energy absorption capacity and stroke: The total energy absorption stroke and total energy absorption capacity of this invention directly depend on the number of energy absorption tie rod assemblies installed. In engineering applications, the energy absorption performance of the device can be flexibly and economically customized by simply increasing or decreasing the number of energy absorption tie rod assemblies, based on the load-bearing capacity of the target pier, the expected protection level, and the impact conditions of ships of different tonnages / speeds. This completely solves the shortcomings of existing fixed pier anti-collision devices, which have poor adaptability and cannot meet diverse engineering needs, significantly improving the versatility and engineering applicability of the device.

[0035] 3. Improved overall reliability and reset performance: The bridge pier anti-collision device of this invention efficiently and reliably converts the lateral displacement generated by ship impact into axial tensile deformation of the sequential energy dissipation chain through a diamond-shaped kinematic system (composed of struts, fixed hinge seats, and connecting hinge shafts), ensuring the stable triggering of the energy dissipation mechanism. Simultaneously, the integrated unidirectional compression spring assembly provides elastic buffering during the initial collision phase and, after the collision, utilizes its elastic restoring force to assist the crossbeam and anti-collision body in returning to their initial positions. Since the sequential energy dissipation process mainly relies on the plastic deformation of the tie rods, while the main load-bearing structures such as the force transmission chain and struts remain within the elastic range, the device can restore its function after experiencing one impact within the design standard by simply replacing the yielded energy dissipation tie rod assembly, making maintenance convenient and cost-effective. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a sequential energy dissipation chain.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the energy absorption component.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-collision device for a bridge pier with a beam-type internal support structure.

[0040] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the anti-collision device for a ring-shaped inner beam bridge pier.

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the track ring structure;

[0042] In the diagram: 1. Pier; 2. Pier anti-collision device; 21. Energy absorption component; 22. Anti-collision body; 23. Crossbeam; 24. One-way compression spring assembly; 211. Sequential energy dissipation chain; 212. Fixed hinge seat; 213. Support rod; 214. Connecting hinge shaft; 2111. Force transmission chain; 2112. Energy dissipation tie rod assembly; 21111. Fixed end; 21112. Chain link; 21113. Chain link pin; 21121. Tie rod; 21122. Chain link between tie rods; 25. Inner beam; 26. Track ring; 261. Track plate; 262. Stiffening plate; 263. Anchor bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0044] See Figure 1 This application provides a sequential energy dissipation chain 211, including: two force transmission chains 2111, two fixed ends 21111, and several energy dissipation tie rod assemblies 2112.

[0045] The force transmission chain 2111 includes multiple chain links 21112 and chain link pins 21113, with adjacent chain links 21112 hinged together by the chain link pins 21113; a plurality of energy dissipation tie rod assemblies 2112, the two ends of which are respectively hinged to the two force transmission chains 2111, and each energy dissipation tie rod assembly 2112 is configured such that when the fixed ends 21111 of the two force transmission chains 2111 are subjected to force and undergo relative tension, each energy dissipation tie rod assembly 2112 is stretched sequentially to dissipate energy; and the design yield load of each chain link 21112 and chain link pin 21113 is greater than the design yield load of the energy dissipation tie rod assembly 2112.

[0046] In this embodiment of the application, a sequential energy dissipation chain 211 is provided, the structure of which includes two force transmission chains 2111 and several energy dissipation tie rod assemblies 2112; wherein, each force transmission chain 2111 is composed of multiple chain links 21112 sequentially hinged together by chain link pins 21113, and adjacent chain links 21112 can rotate relative to each other around the chain link pins 21113; the two ends of each energy dissipation tie rod assembly 2112 are respectively hinged to the corresponding chain links 21112 of the two force transmission chains 2111, and are configured such that: when the fixed ends of the two force transmission chains 2111 are subjected to external force, When relative tensile displacement occurs, each energy-dissipating tie rod assembly 2112 enters the tensile yield state sequentially according to its arrangement order, thereby realizing the gradual and orderly dissipation of energy. Among them, the design yield loads of the chain link 21112 and the chain link pin 21113 are higher than the design yield loads of the energy-dissipating tie rod assembly 2112, so as to ensure that the force transmission chain 2111 only undertakes the function of force transmission without plastic deformation during the stress process, while the energy dissipation function is entirely undertaken by the low yield and high ductility energy-dissipating tie rod assembly 2112, thereby realizing a controllable, stable and predictable sequential energy dissipation mechanism.

[0047] In some optional embodiments, the energy-dissipating tie rod assembly 2112 includes at least two tie rods 21121, with adjacent tie rods 21121 hinged together by tie rod links 21122. The purpose is twofold: firstly, the multi-segment hinged structure enhances the flexibility and installation adaptability of the assembly in its non-working state, facilitating the arrangement and matching of the geometric configuration of the force transmission chain 2111 within a limited space; secondly, during tensile yielding, multiple tie rods 21121 collaboratively bear the axial load, effectively adjusting the overall stiffness, delaying local necking, and improving the uniformity of plastic deformation and ductile energy dissipation capacity; furthermore, the segmented tie rod structure facilitates more precise yielding sequence control, and, combined with the link spacing design of the force transmission chain 2111, ensures the temporal logic of the sequential energy dissipation process is stable and reliable, thereby improving the energy absorption efficiency and predictability of the mechanical response of the entire bridge pier anti-collision device under ship collision impact.

[0048] In some optional embodiments, the two ends of the energy-dissipating tie rod assembly 2112 can be connected to the force transmission chain 2111 through different hinge methods: First, it can be directly hinged to the link pin 21113 shared by adjacent link 21112, that is, the original link pin 21113 of the force transmission chain 2111 is used as the rotation fulcrum of the end of the energy-dissipating tie rod assembly 2112, thereby simplifying the structure, reducing the number of parts and ensuring motion coordination; Second, a special pin is set on the body of the link 21112, and the end of the energy-dissipating tie rod assembly 2112 is hinged to the predetermined connection part of the link 21112 through the special pin, so as to provide greater design freedom and facilitate independent adjustment of the installation position, angle and force direction of the energy-dissipating tie rod assembly 2112. Both of the above-mentioned hinge methods ensure that the energy dissipation tie rod assembly 2112 and the force transmission chain 2111 form a low-constraint connection that can rotate relative to each other, avoiding the introduction of additional bending moment, so that the tie rod mainly bears axial tensile load during the force process, thereby ensuring that it can reliably perform the sequential energy dissipation function according to the preset yield mechanism.

[0049] In this embodiment, in order to ensure that the energy dissipation tie rod assembly 2112 is strictly tensioned and yielded in a preset order under the action of external force, and to ensure the temporal controllability and mechanical stability of the sequential energy dissipation mechanism, the structural layout of the two force transmission chains 2111 is precisely configured: taking the fixed end as the starting end, the chain link pins 21113 on the two force transmission chains 2111 are sequentially numbered in ascending order along the force transmission direction; the two ends of each energy dissipation tie rod assembly 2112 are respectively hinged to the chain link pins 21113 of the two force transmission chains 2111 on both sides, and satisfy any of the following geometric connection relationships: (1) the two ends are The connecting link pins 21113 have the same number, that is, the energy dissipation tie rod assembly 2112 is laterally connected between the "alignment" nodes of the two chains, forming an equidistant parallel arrangement, which is suitable for symmetrical force and uniform deformation conditions; or (2) the number of the link pins 21113 connected at both ends is set in ascending order along the force transmission direction, that is, one side is connected to the i-th pin and the other side is connected to the j-th pin (where j>i), so that the energy dissipation tie rod assembly 2112 is arranged at an angle, so that during the relative stretching of the force transmission chain 2111, different tie rods are activated step by step due to the difference in initial relaxation length. Both of the above connection modes can accurately control the triggering sequence and effective elongation of each energy dissipation tie rod assembly 2112 by reasonably designing the number difference and the link spacing, thereby realizing a smooth transition and controllable staged energy dissipation in the energy absorption process, significantly improving the device's adaptability to different impact conditions and the accuracy of ship impact force control.

[0050] Furthermore, the link pins 21113 connected to both ends of each energy-dissipating tie rod assembly 2112 have the same number. The energy-dissipating tie rod assembly 2112 includes two tie rods 21121, where the length of the tie rod 21121 is L and the elongation at break is α. L×α represents the maximum effective elongation that the tie rod 21121 can provide before being stretched to break; while the center distance c between adjacent link pins 21113 on the force-transmitting chain 2111 determines the relative displacement threshold required for the tie rod to be activated (i.e., changed from the relaxed state to the tensioned state). Tests show that if c < L×α, before the previous tie rod is fully yielded and dissipates energy, the subsequent tie rod may be prematurely stressed and participate in work in advance, resulting in multiple tie rods being stressed simultaneously or even unexpected "bouncing" phenomena (i.e., discontinuous force and unstable energy absorption process), destroying the sequential logic of energy dissipation. Therefore, to ensure the step-by-step and orderly progress of the energy dissipation process, it is necessary to satisfy c≥L×α; in the preferred embodiment, c = L×α is further set, so that each tie rod is precisely triggered to be tensioned just when its previous tie rod reaches the limit elongation (about to exit the effective load-bearing), thereby achieving a smooth connection and efficient utilization of the energy absorption process, maximizing the controllability, predictability, and energy dissipation efficiency of the device.

[0051] The energy-dissipating tie rod assembly 2112 is made of a material with high ductility and low yield point; the material is selected from at least one of low yield point steel, pure lead, annealed pure copper, and annealed pure aluminum to ensure that it undergoes controllable plastic deformation prior to the force-transmitting chain 2111 under seismic or impact loads, thereby dissipating the input energy efficiently and stably.

[0052] In a second aspect, referring to Figure 2 , an energy absorption assembly 21 provided in an embodiment of the present application includes: fixed hinge seats 212, struts 213, connecting hinge shafts 214, and the above-mentioned sequential energy dissipation chain 211; the number of struts 213 is four, forming a rhombus structure; the number of fixed hinge seats 212 is two, which are arranged on a pair of diagonals of the rhombus structure and are hinged to the struts 213; the number of connecting hinge shafts 214 is two, which are arranged on the other pair of diagonals of the rhombus structure and are hinged to the struts 213 and the fixed ends 21111 of the sequential energy dissipation chain 211.

[0053] The working principle is as follows: Under external impact load, the connecting hinge 214 moves towards each other along the diagonal direction of the rhomboid structure, causing geometric deformation of the rhomboid structure composed of four struts 213. This deformation is transmitted to the fixed end of the sequential energy dissipation chain 211 through the connecting hinge 214, causing the two force transmission chains to generate relative tensile motion, thereby sequentially tensioning and activating each energy dissipation tie rod assembly 2112; since the energy dissipation tie rod assembly 2112 is made of a high-ductility, low-yield-point material, and its design yield load is lower than that of the chain link 211. 12 and the chain link pin 21113, therefore, plastic tensile deformation occurs preferentially during the stress process, and the impact energy is dissipated step by step in a preset sequence; while the fixed hinge seat 212, as the supporting reaction end, is fixedly connected to the structural foundation or the protected main body to ensure effective load transmission and maintain the overall stability of the mechanism; the entire energy absorption process achieves stable, controllable and efficient absorption of input energy through the geometric amplification effect of the rhomboid strut mechanism and the graded yielding mechanism of the sequential energy dissipation chain 211, significantly reducing the peak impact force and extending the energy dissipation stroke.

[0054] This application also provides a bridge pier anti-collision device, including:

[0055] The anti-collision body (22) is used to withstand ship impacts; the inner support member is disposed inside the anti-collision body (22) and connected to or arranged adjacent to the pier (1); and the energy dissipation component is disposed in the internal installation space, with its two ends fixed to the anti-collision body (22) and the inner support member respectively, and is configured to generate controllable deformation when the anti-collision body (22) is impacted and displaced relative to the inner support member, so as to dissipate the impact kinetic energy.

[0056] In this embodiment, when a ship collides with the anti-collision body, the anti-collision body is displaced inward by the external force, while the inner support component, due to its connection with or proximity to the bridge pier, remains relatively fixed or undergoes only limited movement. During this relative motion, the energy dissipation component connected between the anti-collision body and the inner support component is stretched, thereby triggering its internal controllable deformation mechanism. Since the energy dissipation component adopts a structure with graded yielding characteristics, such as a sequential energy dissipation chain, it gradually and smoothly converts the enormous kinetic energy generated by the ship collision into plastic deformation energy for dissipation through the successive yielding of low-yield, high-ductility elements (such as energy dissipation tie rod components) during the stretching process. At the same time, the force transmission structure (such as chain links, pins, or strut mechanisms) maintains an elastic working state, ensuring the effective transmission of force and the predictability of the energy dissipation process. Thus, the entire device achieves active limitation and precise control of the impact force during the displacement of the anti-collision body, effectively reducing the peak impact force transmitted to the bridge pier and ensuring the safety of the bridge structure.

[0057] In one implementation, see Figure 3The anti-collision body (22) has a first space in the middle; the inner support member is a crossbeam (23), there are two crossbeams (23), which are installed in the first space and divide the first space into a second space between the inner wall of the first space and the crossbeam (23), and a third space between the two crossbeams (23), wherein the bridge pier is set in the third space; the energy dissipation component is the energy absorption component mentioned above, one end of which is anchored to the anti-collision body (22) and the other end of which is anchored to the crossbeam (23).

[0058] Furthermore, the two ends of the crossbeam (23) are respectively placed in the grooves provided inside the anti-collision body (22) and can move horizontally in the grooves. A one-way compression spring assembly (24) is provided in the grooves, one end of which is connected to the anti-collision body (22) and the other end of which is connected to the crossbeam (23).

[0059] In this embodiment, when a ship collides with the crash barrier, the crash barrier is displaced inward by the impact force, causing the two internal crossbeams to move horizontally relative to each other along the direction in which their ends are embedded in the grooves of the crash barrier. Since the crossbeams are arranged adjacent to the piers and located in a third space, their overall movement is restricted, thus creating a relative displacement between the crash barrier and the crossbeams. This displacement is transmitted through anchoring connections to the energy-absorbing components located in the second space, subjecting their internal sequential energy-dissipating chains to axial tension. During the tensioning process, because the energy-dissipating tie rod components are made of a high-ductility, low-yield-point material, and their design yield load is lower than the design yield load of the links and pins in the force transmission chain, each energy-dissipating tie rod component moves according to its geometric arrangement. The energy dissipation is achieved by sequentially tensioning and controlling plastic yielding, thus dissipating the collision kinetic energy in a step-by-step and orderly manner. At the same time, the unidirectional compression spring assembly set in the groove of the anti-collision body deforms under pressure on the side of the crossbeam near the inner wall of the anti-collision body, providing elastic buffering in the initial stage. After the collision, it assists the crossbeam and anti-collision body to return to their initial positions by relying on its restoring force. Under the tensile condition, it does not participate in the force, thus avoiding interference with the sequential energy dissipation process. In this way, the entire device efficiently converts the lateral impact displacement into the axial tensile deformation of the sequential energy dissipation chain through the energy absorption component. Combined with the graded yielding mechanism and unidirectional elastic support, it achieves active limitation, precise control and efficient reduction of the ship impact force, ensuring that the impact force transmitted to the bridge pier is stably maintained within the safe threshold.

[0060] In one implementation, see Figure 4 The crash barrier (22) has an installation space inside; the inner supporting member is an inner beam (25), coaxially arranged within the installation space, and its hollow interior is used to accommodate the bridge pier (1). See also Figure 5A track ring (26) is provided in the annular gap between the anti-collision body (22) and the inner beam (25). The track ring (26) includes a track plate (261). The track plate (261) is a closed rectangular plate with a round end or a rectangular plate with a round end composed of two C-shaped plates. A stiffening plate (262) is provided on its outer side, and it is connected to the anti-collision body (22) and the inner beam (25) respectively by anchor bolts (263). When the anti-collision body (22) and the inner beam (25) undergo relative displacement, the track plate (261) deforms.

[0061] The energy dissipation component is the sequential energy dissipation chain (211) mentioned above, which is set in the annular gap. Its two ends are respectively installed to the anti-collision body (22) and the inner beam (25) through anchor supports. It is configured to generate tensile deformation when the anti-collision body (22) is subjected to external force impact, so as to dissipate the impact kinetic energy step by step.

[0062] In this embodiment, the bridge pier anti-collision device includes an anti-collision body and an inner beam arranged coaxially. The inner beam is located within the installation space formed inside the anti-collision body, and an annular gap is formed between the two. An energy-dissipating component and a track ring are provided in the annular gap. The energy-dissipating component is the aforementioned sequential energy-dissipating chain, and its two ends are respectively connected to the anti-collision body and the inner beam through anchor supports. The track ring includes a round-ended rectangular plate composed of an integral round-ended rectangular plate or a combination of two C-shaped plates. The round-ended rectangular plate is made of a material with low bending stiffness. A stiffening plate is provided on the outside of the round-ended rectangular plate, and is respectively connected to the anti-collision body and the inner beam through anchor bolts. The impact body and the inner beam are fixedly connected. When the impact body is subjected to an external impact and undergoes relative displacement with respect to the inner beam, the sequential energy dissipation chain is stretched and yields step by step in a preset order to dissipate the impact kinetic energy. At the same time, the track plates deform at their two ends of the arc section to assist in dissipating energy, and their deformation characteristics do not hinder the stretching of the sequential energy dissipation chain. In addition, under conventional loads such as wind, water flow or waves, the track plates maintain the structural integrity between the impact body and the inner beam through connection, ensuring that the internal and external components are subjected to forces in a coordinated manner, thereby achieving the dual technical effects of efficient and controllable energy dissipation and overall stability of the device.

[0063] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0064] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0065] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A sequential energy dissipation chain, characterized in that, include: Two power transmission chains (2111) include multiple chain links (21112) and chain link pins (21113), and two adjacent chain links (21112) are hinged through the chain link pins (21113); Two fixed ends (21111) are hinged to the ends of the force transmission chain (2111); A plurality of energy-dissipating tie rod assemblies (2112), the two ends of which are respectively hinged to two force transmission chains (2111), and each energy-dissipating tie rod assembly (2112) is configured to stretch sequentially to dissipate energy when the fixed ends (21111) of the two force transmission chains (2111) are subjected to force and undergo relative tension. The design yield loads of the chain link (21112) and the chain link pin (21113) are both greater than the design yield load of the energy dissipation tie rod assembly (2112); Taking the fixed end (21111) as the starting end, the link pins (21113) of the two force transmission chains (2111) are sequentially numbered in ascending order along the length direction. The two ends of the energy dissipation tie rod assembly (2112) are respectively hinged to the link pins (21113) of the two force transmission chains (2111). The link pins (21113) connected to both ends of each energy dissipation tie rod assembly (2112) have the same number. The energy dissipation tie rod assembly (2112) includes two tie rods (21121), wherein the length of the tie rod (21121) is L, the elongation at break is α, and the center distance between the link pins (21113) is c, satisfying: c≥L×α.

2. The sequential energy dissipation chain as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the energy-dissipating tie rod assembly (2112) are hinged to the chain link pin (21113), or hinged to the chain link (21112) via an additional pin.

3. An energy-absorbing component, characterized in that, include: Fixed hinge (212), strut (213), connecting hinge shaft (214), and sequential energy dissipation chain as described in any one of claims 1-2; The number of the support rods (213) is four, forming a rhomboid structure; There are two fixed hinge seats (212), which are set at a pair of opposite corners of the rhomboid structure and are hinged to the strut (213); There are two connecting hinges (214), which are set on the other pair of opposite corners of the rhomboid structure and are hinged to the strut (213) and the fixed end (21111) of the sequential energy dissipation chain.

4. A bridge pier anti-collision device, characterized in that, include: Collision shield (22) is used to withstand ship impacts; The inner support member is located inside the anti-collision body (22) and is connected to or arranged adjacent to the bridge pier (1); The sequential energy dissipation chain as described in any one of claims 1-2 is fixed between the crash barrier (22) and the inner support member and is configured such that when the crash barrier (22) is impacted and displaced relative to the inner support member, the sequential energy dissipation chain undergoes controllable deformation.

5. The bridge pier anti-collision device as described in claim 4, characterized in that: A first space is formed in the middle of the anti-collision body (22); The inner support component is a crossbeam (23), there are two crossbeams (23), which are installed in the first space and divide the first space into a second space between the inner wall of the first space and the crossbeam (23), and a third space between the two crossbeams (23), wherein the bridge pier is set in the third space; The two fixed ends (21111) of the sequential energy dissipation chain are hinged to two connecting hinge shafts (214), and the four struts (213) are hinged to form a rhombus structure. The two connecting hinge shafts (214) are set on a pair of opposite corners of the rhombus structure and are hinged to the struts (213). The two fixed hinge seats (212) are set on the remaining pair of opposite corners and are hinged to the struts (213). One of the fixed hinge seats (212) is anchored to the anti-collision body (22), and the other is anchored to the crossbeam (23).

6. The bridge pier anti-collision device as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The two ends of the crossbeam (23) are respectively placed in the grooves provided inside the anti-collision body (22) and can move horizontally in the grooves. A one-way compression spring assembly (24) is provided in the grooves, one end of which is connected to the anti-collision body (22) and the other end of which is connected to the crossbeam (23).

7. The bridge pier anti-collision device as described in claim 4, characterized in that: An installation space is formed inside the anti-collision body (22); The inner support member is an inner beam (25), which is coaxially arranged in the installation space, and its hollow area is used to accommodate the pier (1). A track ring (26) is provided in the annular gap between the anti-collision body (22) and the inner beam (25). The track ring (26) includes a track plate (261). The track plate (261) is a closed rectangular plate with a round end or a rectangular plate with a round end composed of two C-shaped plates. A stiffening plate (262) is provided on its outer side, and it is connected to the anti-collision body (22) and the inner beam (25) respectively by anchor bolts (263). When the anti-collision body (22) and the inner beam (25) undergo relative displacement, the round end of the track plate (261) deforms. The sequential energy dissipation chain is set in the annular gap, and its two ends are respectively installed to the anti-collision body (22) and the inner beam (25) through anchor supports.

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