Application of compounds in attracting or controlling midges

Abstract

This invention provides the application of compounds in attracting or controlling midges, relating to the field of midge control technology. Through screening and identification, this invention has obtained five compounds (butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone, and acetophenone) with significant attractant activity against Formosan midge. These compounds can be used alone or in combination, are environmentally friendly and have a high affinity for non-target organisms, greatly enriching the candidate resource of midge attractants. They can be directly applied to the monitoring and large-scale trapping of midges, effectively reducing midge population density, thereby reducing midge bites and the spread of midge-borne diseases, which has significant public health implications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of midge control technology, and in particular to the application of compounds in attracting or controlling midges. Background Technology

[0002] Midges are an important group of sanitary insects. Their bites can cause dermatitis and systemic allergic reactions, and they can also carry and transmit various pathogens such as Oropuch virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, posing a significant threat to human health. Currently, the main method for controlling midges is large-scale spraying of broad-spectrum chemical insecticides to control their population. However, large-scale use of insecticides not only harms the environment and ecological safety but also easily leads to problems such as drug resistance, making it difficult to achieve green and sustainable control of midges. As an alternative strategy for controlling midges, chemical traps, especially various chemicals based on host volatiles, have broad application prospects for the future development of midge trapping devices.

[0003] Insect responses to host volatiles can be studied using various methods. First, at the olfactory organ level, the overall potential response of insect antennae to host volatiles can be directly recorded. The more sensitive the insect is to a particular compound, the stronger the overall potential response. Second, at the cellular level, single-sensor recording methods can be used to measure the action potential response of insect olfactory nerve cells to compounds. Single-sensor recording involves inserting a microelectrode into a single olfactory sensor to record the frequency of the nerve cell's action potential. A greater change in action potential frequency under different compound stimuli indicates a more sensitive olfactory nerve cell to the corresponding host compound. Currently, antennal potential recording and single-sensor recording are widely used in research on sanitary pests such as mosquitoes, houseflies, and bedbugs to develop specific and highly effective attractants. However, research on the olfactory mechanisms of midges remains scarce.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is hereby proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The first objective of this invention is to provide the application of the compound in attracting midges, thereby solving the aforementioned technical problems.

[0006] A second objective of this invention is to provide the application of the compound in the preparation of midge attractants, in order to solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0007] A third objective of this invention is to provide the application of the compound in the prevention and control of midges, in order to solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0008] A fourth objective of this invention is to provide the application of the compound in the preparation of drugs for the prevention and treatment of midges, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the following technical solution is adopted: In a first aspect, the present invention provides the use of compounds in attracting midges, said compounds being selected from one or more of butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone, or acetophenone.

[0010] As a further technical solution, the blood-sucking midge includes the Taiwan midge.

[0011] Secondly, the present invention provides the use of compounds in the preparation of midge attractants, said compounds being selected from one or more of butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone, or acetophenone.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the attractant also includes a sustained-release agent.

[0013] As a further technical solution, the blood-sucking midge includes the Taiwan midge.

[0014] Thirdly, the present invention provides the application of compounds in the control of midges, wherein the compounds are selected from one or more of butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone or acetophenone; The compound is used as a midge attractant.

[0015] As a further technical solution, the blood-sucking midge includes the Taiwan midge.

[0016] Fourthly, the present invention provides the use of the compound in the preparation of a drug for preventing and treating midges, wherein the compound is selected from one or more of butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone or acetophenone.

[0017] As a further technical solution, the drug for controlling midges also includes an insecticide for killing midges.

[0018] As a further technical solution, the blood-sucking midge includes the Taiwan midge.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention identified five compounds (butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone, and acetophenone) with significant attractant activity against Formosan midge through screening and identification. These compounds can be used alone or in combination, are non-target organisms and environmentally friendly, greatly enriching the candidate resources of midge attractants. They can be directly applied to the monitoring and large-scale trapping of blood-sucking midges, effectively reducing the population density of blood-sucking midges, thereby reducing midge bites and the spread of midge-borne diseases, which has important public health significance. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 Antennae potential responses of female adult Formosan midges to 56 compounds; Figure 2 A diagram showing the signals recorded by a single sensory organ of a female adult Formosan midge; Figure 3 Behavioral responses of Formosan midge to different compounds; (A) Simplified diagram of a Y-type olfactory instrument; (B) Preference index of Formosan midge for different compounds (-1 for complete avoidance, 1 for complete attraction); Different letters on the column represent the differences between treatment groups in multiple comparisons using Duncan's new multiple range method. P<0.01 The differences in levels are extremely significant. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The embodiments and examples of the present invention will be described in detail below. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments and examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional products.

[0023] In a first aspect, the present invention provides the use of compounds in attracting midges, said compounds being selected from one or more of butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone, or acetophenone.

[0024] The inventors discovered that butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone, and acetophenone have an attraction effect on Formosan midges and can be used to attract blood-sucking midges.

[0025] Secondly, the present invention provides the use of compounds in the preparation of midge attractants, said compounds being selected from one or more of butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone, or acetophenone.

[0026] Butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone, and acetophenone have an attractive effect on Formosan midges, and therefore can be used as active ingredients to prepare blood-sucking midge attractants.

[0027] This invention does not impose specific limitations on the composition of the attractant. In some optional embodiments, the attractant further includes a sustained-release agent. The sustained-release agent prolongs the duration of attraction to Formosan midge.

[0028] Thirdly, the present invention provides the application of compounds in the control of midges, wherein the compounds are selected from one or more of butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone or acetophenone; The compound is used as a midge attractant.

[0029] Butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone, and acetophenone have an attractant effect on Formosan midges, and therefore can be used in combination with insecticides for the control of blood-sucking midges.

[0030] Fourthly, the present invention provides the use of the compound in the preparation of a drug for preventing and treating midges, wherein the compound is selected from one or more of butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone or acetophenone.

[0031] Butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone, and acetophenone have an attraction effect on Formosan midges, and therefore can be used in the preparation of drugs for the prevention and treatment of blood-sucking midges.

[0032] In some alternative embodiments, the midge control agent further includes an insecticide for killing midges.

[0033] By combining attractants and insecticides, the killing of blood-sucking midges can be achieved.

[0034] The present invention will be further illustrated below with specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely for the purpose of more detailed illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way.

[0035] Example 1 This invention identified five highly effective midge attractants from a candidate compound library using the antennal potential energy (EAG) test, single sensory recording (SSR) test, and Y-tube behavioral test. The specific implementation steps and experimental data are as follows: 1. Antennae potential response of volatile substances emitted by Taiwan midges Based on the GC-MS analysis results of human volatiles reported in research, individual human volatiles were purchased and diluted with DMSO, mineral oil, or water to form a laboratory human volatiles chemical library.

[0036] Antennae potential recording method: The head of a female adult Formosan midge was taken, and a small portion of the antennal tip was cut off. The head was then fixed under a stereomicroscope (>100x magnification). An internal control glass electrode (filled with 0.1 M potassium chloride conductive solution) was inserted into the posterior end of the midge's head. The antennal tip was then slightly inserted into the recording glass electrode (filled with 0.1 M potassium chloride conductive solution), thus forming a closed-loop circuit. The midge's antennae were stimulated with a 10-fold diluted single-human volatile substance. The sensitivity of the midge's antennae to the human volatile substance was determined based on the peak value of the voltage response.

[0037] The antennal potential responses of female adult Formosan midges to 56 compounds were measured. Figure 1 The study found that female adults showed significant antennal potential responses to a variety of compounds, especially to butanoic acid, butanal, and propional, with antennal potential values ​​of 0.64±0.08 mV, 0.47±0.08 mV, and 0.43±0.12 mV, respectively.

[0038] 2. Single-sensor response of different olfactory receptors of the Taiwan midge to human volatile substances. Single sensor recording method: Fix the female adult Formosan midge under a high-power microscope (>1000x), insert the internal control electrode into the compound eye of the midge, and insert the recording electrode into the base of the olfactory sensor of the midge. Adjust the depth and position of the recording electrode until a clear and clean action potential signal is obtained. Figure 2 Then, 10 μl of the compound was dropped onto a small piece of filter paper, which was then inserted into a glass Pasteur pipette. The Pasteur pipette containing the compound was connected to an air delivery device, and a 0.5-second airflow containing the compound was delivered to the midge's antennae via a foot-operated switch, while the electrophysiological responses of the olfactory receptors were recorded in real time. After stimulating one compound, the nerve responses of the olfactory receptors were allowed to return to their pre-stimulation state before stimulating the second compound, and so on, until all compounds were tested. The electrophysiological responses of various types of receptors to human volatiles were recorded one by one from the tip to the base of the antennae. The magnitude of the response of each receptor to each compound was then statistically analyzed (the frequency of the action potential after stimulation minus the frequency of the action potential before stimulation), thereby determining the sensitivity of different olfactory receptors to different human volatiles.

[0039] The electrophysiological responses of long blunt trichoid sensillum on the antennae of the Formosan midge to 34 human volatiles were measured. It was found that the long blunt trichoid sensillum exhibited a strong response to 2-hexanone and acetophenone. Figure 2 The highest reaction intensities were 92 spikes / s and 162 spikes / s, respectively.

[0040] 3. Behavioral responses of Formosan midges to human volatile substances Based on the response profiles of olfactory nerve cells and receptors of Formosan midges to human volatiles obtained in the above studies, the most strongly reacting human volatiles were selected as candidate compounds to test the behavioral responses of Formosan midges. A Y-shaped insect olfactometer was used. First, the apparatus was connected in the following order: positive and negative pressure oil-free vacuum pump, drying tower containing activated carbon, gas splitter, flow meter, gas washing bottle, and behavioral measurement device. During testing, a filter containing a single compound was placed in one odor chamber, while a filter with added solvent was placed in the other odor chamber as a control. Ten female midges were placed in the insect placement area. After 10 minutes, the number of midges in the compound-containing tube (O) and the number of midges in the control tube (C) were counted. Each treatment group was replicated at least six times. The attractiveness of the corresponding compound to midges was measured using the preference index PI = (OC) / T, where T is the number of midges used in the experiment. The preference index ranges from -1 (complete avoidance) to 1 (complete attraction).

[0041] The results show that ( Figure 3 At a concentration of 0.01%, butanoic acid, butanal, propional, 2-hexanone, and acetophenone all exhibited strong attractant effects on Formosan midge. P＜0.01 The preference indices were 0.42±0.11, 0.65±0.13, 0.33±0.17, 0.45±0.16, and 0.48±0.23, respectively.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of the compound in attracting midges, characterized in that, The compound is selected from one or more of butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone, or acetophenone.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vampire midges mentioned include the Formosan midge.

3. The application of the compound in the preparation of midge attractants, characterized in that, The compound is selected from one or more of butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone, or acetophenone.

4. The application according to claim 3, characterized in that, The attractant also includes a sustained-release agent.

5. The application according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vampire midges mentioned include the Formosan midge.

6. The application of the compound in the control of midges, characterized in that, The compound is selected from one or more of butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone, or acetophenone; The compound is used as a midge attractant.

7. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that, The vampire midges mentioned include the Formosan midge.

8. The application of the compound in the preparation of drugs for the prevention and treatment of midges, characterized in that, The compound is selected from one or more of butyric acid, butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-hexanone, or acetophenone.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The drug for controlling midges also includes insecticides used to kill midges.

10. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The vampire midges mentioned include the Formosan midge.

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