An endoscopic visualizing trephine for preventing bone loss

Abstract

The application discloses an endoscope visible ring saw for preventing bone from falling off, relates to the technical field of medical devices, and comprises a tubular saw column, a half-ring saw tooth, a rotating handle and a limiting part. The tubular saw column is provided with the half-ring saw tooth at one end, the rotating handle is installed at the other end of the tubular saw column, the limiting part is arranged on the inner side wall of the tubular saw column close to the half-ring saw tooth, and the limiting part is spiral. The limiting part is a groove arranged in the tubular saw column. The limiting part arranged on the inner side wall of the tubular saw column increases the friction between the cut bone and the inner side wall of the tubular saw column, so that the situation that the bone is easily fallen off from the ring saw and falls back to the operation field when a doctor withdraws the ring saw together with the bone in the ring saw from a narrow puncture working sleeve can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular to a spinal endoscopic visual ring saw for preventing bone dislocation. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of minimally invasive spinal surgery techniques, percutaneous endoscopic surgery has become an important means of treating diseases such as herniated discs and spinal stenosis. In this type of surgery, the spinal trephine is a core instrument used to remove part of the lamina, facet joints, or to perform discoplasty; its function is to create a working channel in the bone structure or annulus fibrosus.

[0003] However, existing spinal trephines, whether traditional or the endoscopic trephines developed in recent years, still suffer from a critical, long-standing, unresolved drawback in clinical applications: when cutting bone near nerves, a semi-toothed trephine is required. The toothed portion cuts the bone, while the untoothed portion protects the nerve and other cartilage. However, the semi-toothed trephine itself lacks the ability to reliably secure the cut bone (such as bone fragments or nucleus pulposus). Its working principle is as follows: after the trephine rotates and cuts a cylindrical or block-shaped bone, part of the bone is contained within the cavity at the trephine's tip. When the surgeon withdraws the trephine along with the bone from the narrow puncture cannula, the limited friction between the bone and the trephine's inner wall, coupled with potential obstruction from surrounding cartilage or the cannula's end, makes the bone highly susceptible to detaching from the trephine and falling back into the surgical field. If the cut bone is small and cannot fit into the trephine's inner wall, the trephine provides absolutely no gripping force.

[0004] Bone detachment can trigger a series of serious clinical problems: First, the detached bone or intervertebral disc bone may form loose bodies, remaining in the spinal canal and becoming a potential source of nerve compression or a pain trigger, affecting surgical efficacy and even requiring a second surgery. Second, to remove the detached bone, surgeons are forced to repeatedly grasp and clean it using forceps or suction devices, which greatly increases the difficulty of the procedure. In actual surgery, surgeons typically need one hand to maintain the position of the working cannula while operating the trephine with the other. When it is necessary to prevent bone detachment, an assistant is required to help fix the cannula, freeing up one hand to use forceps or suction devices to fix the bone at the trephine exit. This high dependence on the simultaneous operation of multiple instruments and the stringent requirements for skilled coordination between the surgeon and assistant greatly increase the complexity and uncertainty of the surgical procedure, prolong the learning curve, and, in emergency situations, may lead to surgical failure due to miscoordination. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above shortcomings, this invention provides a spinal endoscopic trephine saw for preventing bone dislodgement. By using a limiting part on the inner wall of the tubular saw column, the friction between the cut bone and the inner wall of the tubular saw column is increased. This prevents the bone from easily dislodging from the trephine saw and falling back into the surgical field when the surgeon removes the trephine saw along with the bone inside from the narrow puncture cannula. The specific technical solution is as follows: An endoscopic circumaredo for preventing bone dislocation includes a tubular saw column, semi-circular saw teeth, a rotating handle, and a limiting part. One end of the tubular saw column is provided with semi-circular saw teeth, the rotating handle is installed at the other end of the tubular saw column, and the limiting part is disposed on the inner side wall of the tubular saw column near the end of the semi-circular saw teeth. The limiting part is spiral in shape.

[0006] Preferably, the limiting part is a groove formed inside the tubular saw column.

[0007] Preferably, the end of the groove near the semi-circular saw tooth is connected to the tooth root gap of the semi-circular saw tooth.

[0008] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the groove is an arc.

[0009] Preferably, the two sides of the groove are rounded, and the rounded corners are tangent to the arc of the groove.

[0010] Preferably, there are multiple grooves, which are divided into two groups with opposite rotation directions.

[0011] Preferably, the groove depth is 0.08mm–0.15mm, the groove width is 0.3mm–0.6mm, and the groove pitch is 10mm–20mm.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a negative pressure section, which includes a negative pressure pipe and a negative pressure device. A first through hole is provided on the side wall of the tubular saw column near the rotating handle. One end of the negative pressure pipe is connected to the first through hole, and the other end is connected to the negative pressure device.

[0013] Preferably, the negative pressure section further includes a rotating cylinder, which is rotatably mounted on one end of the tubular saw column near the rotating handle. A second through hole is provided on the side wall of the rotating cylinder, and the negative pressure pipe is connected to the second through hole.

[0014] Preferably, there are multiple first through holes, which are distributed in a circumferential array around the axis of the tubular saw column.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention increases the friction between the cut bone and the inner wall of the tubular saw column by setting a limiting part on the inner side wall of the tubular saw column. This can prevent the bone from falling out of the trephine and back into the surgical field when the doctor removes the trephine along with the bone inside it from the narrow puncture cannula.

[0016] 2. By setting the grooves into two sets with opposite rotation directions, this invention ensures that when the doctor uses the visual ring saw to rotate forward or backward, the bone being cut and part of the groove rotate in the same direction relative to each other. This allows the bone to be better embedded in the groove, thereby increasing the friction between the bone and the tubular saw column.

[0017] 3. When the cut bone is too small to fit into the tubular saw column, this invention installs a negative pressure unit at the end of the tubular saw column near the rotating handle. The negative pressure unit draws air to create a low negative pressure inside the tubular saw column, which then adsorbs the bone, further preventing the bone from falling out of the tubular saw column. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the visual ring saw and the ring saw sleeve used in conjunction with the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the circumferential saw of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of section B in the middle.

[0020] 1. Tubular saw column; 11. Groove; 12. First through hole; 2. Semi-circular saw teeth; 3. Rotating handle; 4. Negative pressure section; 41. Negative pressure pipe; 42. Rotating drum; 43. Second through hole; 5. Ring saw sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0024] Next, refer to Figures 1 to 4 The working principle of this embodiment will be described in detail to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention: Example 1: When the cut bone can enter the tubular saw column.

[0025] An endoscopic circumaredo for preventing bone dislocation includes a tubular saw column 1, a semi-circular saw tooth 2, a rotating handle 3, and a limiting part. The tubular saw column 1 has a semi-circular saw tooth 2 at one end, the rotating handle 3 is installed at the other end of the tubular saw column 1, and the limiting part is provided on the inner side wall of the tubular saw column 1 near the end of the semi-circular saw tooth 2. The limiting part is spiral in shape.

[0026] The tubular saw column 1 is made of medical-grade 304 stainless steel, with its inner wall polished to ensure smoothness, facilitating the insertion of the spinal endoscope and the penetration of the field of vision. The semi-circular saw teeth 2 are made of tungsten steel, with a diamond coating on the tooth surface. The rotating handle 3 is integrally welded to the tubular saw column 1, and the surface of the handle has anti-slip rubber texture, conforming to ergonomics, making it convenient for doctors to hold with one hand and accurately control the rotation angle and force.

[0027] When the doctor holds the rotating handle 3 to drive the tubular saw column 1 to rotate, the semi-circular saw teeth 2 perform a circular cut on the target bone. Simultaneously, the limiting part rotates synchronously with the saw column. The bone inside the tubular saw column 1 will rub against the limiting part, preventing it from axially shifting and falling into the surgical area. When used with the trephine cannula 5, the trephine cannula 5 is first inserted into the target vertebral intervertebral space through the puncture channel. The trephine is then inserted along the inner cavity of the trephine cannula 5 to the cutting position. During the cutting process, the limiting part continuously rubs against the bone until the cutting is completed. The doctor then lifts the handle and withdraws the trephine, and the bone is taken out of the body along with the saw column. This avoids the situation where, when the doctor removes the trephine along with the bone inside from the narrow puncture cannula, the bone may easily fall out of the trephine and back into the surgical field due to insufficient friction.

[0028] The limiting part is a groove 11 formed inside the tubular saw column 1. The groove 11 increases the friction of the inner wall of the tubular saw column 1, reducing the possibility of bone loss. The end of the groove 11 near the semi-circular saw tooth 2 is connected to the tooth root gap of the semi-circular saw tooth 2. This design does not interfere with the normal cutting movement of the semi-circular saw tooth 2, and can guide the bone that has just been cut by the saw tooth to quickly enter the groove 11, and be transported into the saw column cavity by the spiral trajectory of the groove 11.

[0029] The groove 11 has a rounded cross-section. This design allows the inner wall of the groove 11 to fit more closely with the bone, preventing bone jamming or damage caused by sharp edges, which could hinder the subsequent removal of the bone from the tubular saw column 1. Furthermore, the rounded inner wall has no sharp edges or complex gaps, allowing medical staff to quickly remove residual small debris simply by rinsing with saline solution or gently brushing with a soft brush. This effectively reduces blind spots in instrument cleaning, improves cleaning efficiency and thoroughness, and ensures aseptic requirements during the reuse of the ring saw. The two edges of the groove 11 are rounded, tangent to the rounded shape of the groove 11. This rounded corner design further reduces the probability of debris adhering to the edges of the groove 11.

[0030] There are multiple grooves 11, which are divided into two groups. The two groups of grooves 11 rotate in opposite directions, so that when the doctor uses the visual ring saw to rotate forward or backward, the bone being cut and part of the grooves 11 rotate in the same direction relative to each other. This allows the bone to be better embedded in the grooves 11, thereby increasing the friction between the bone and the tubular saw column 1.

[0031] The groove 11 has a depth of 0.08mm–0.15mm. The average diameter of trabeculae in human cancellous bone is about 0.1-0.2mm. A depth of about 0.08mm is sufficient to allow the broken ends of the trabeculae to undergo plastic deformation and "lock" into the groove 11 without significantly damaging the overall structure of the bone column. The deeper the groove 11, the higher the frictional force can theoretically be. However, the trephine needs to have a certain strength to avoid deformation during cutting. If the groove 11 is too deep, it will reduce the upper limit of the torque that the trephine can withstand. Therefore, based on the torque required in conventional surgery multiplied by a safety factor, it is not recommended that the depth of the groove 11 exceed 0.15mm, which means ensuring that the thickness of the tubular saw column 1 is above 0.35mm. The width of groove 11 is set to 0.3 mm to 0.6 mm. The lower limit constraint is that it must be greater than the average particle size of bone fragments (approximately 0.2 to 0.5 mm), otherwise groove 11 will be completely filled with bone fragments, resulting in loss of embedding function. The upper limit constraint is that if the width is too large, the proportion of groove 11 in a single spiral cycle will be too high, the effective support area of ​​the inner wall of the ring saw will be reduced, and the area of ​​bone column under pressure deformation will be expanded, which may cause bone fragmentation. The pitch of groove 11 is 10 mm to 20 mm. The selection of pitch takes into account both friction and the strength of tubular saw column 1. If the pitch is less than 10 mm, the spacing between adjacent grooves 11 on the inner wall of the ring saw will be too close, which will lead to a decrease in the strength of tubular saw column 1. If the pitch is greater than 20 mm, the friction on the inner wall of tubular saw column 1 will be small, making it difficult to reliably prevent the bone column from falling off during the removal process. Therefore, setting the pitch within the range of 10mm-20mm can ensure the strength of the tubular saw column 1 and increase the friction between the inner wall of the tubular saw column 1 and the bone, thus balancing the requirements of bone anti-dislocation effect and surgical instrument stability.

[0032] In summary, the usage procedure of Example 1 is as follows: First, the circumferential saw cannula 5 is inserted into the target vertebral intervertebral space through the puncture channel. The circumferential saw is then inserted into the cutting position along the inner cavity of the circumferential saw cannula 5. Next, the doctor holds the rotating handle and uses the endoscope to visualize and locate the tubular saw column 1 through the channel, aligning the tubular saw column 1 with the target bone area of ​​the spine. Then, the doctor rotates the handle to drive the tubular saw column 1 to rotate and cut the bone. The spiral groove 11 on the inner wall of the tubular saw column 1 enhances the friction with the bone through mechanical interlocking, effectively preventing the bone from falling off, and the doctor can stably remove the bone.

[0033] Example 2: When the cut bone cannot enter the tubular saw column.

[0034] The negative pressure unit 4 includes a negative pressure pipe 41 and a negative pressure device (such as an air compressor and a vacuum pump). A first through-hole 12 is formed on the side wall of the tubular saw column 1 near the rotating handle 3. One end of the negative pressure pipe 41 is connected to the first through-hole 12, and the other end is connected to the negative pressure device. When the doctor needs to remove the bone, they can remotely turn on the negative pressure device. The device outputs a small pressure, which is transmitted through the negative pressure pipe 41 to the first through-holes 12, which are distributed in a circular array on the side wall of the tubular saw column 1. This creates a uniform negative pressure field inside the tubular saw column 1, providing an upward suction force to the bone. This weak negative pressure effect avoids excessive local suction that could deform or damage the bone column, and also prevents the bone column from falling off due to positional displacement or external disturbance during removal, ensuring the complete removal of the bone sample while improving the stability and safety of the surgical procedure. After the bone is successfully removed, the doctor can remotely turn off the negative pressure device, eliminating the negative pressure field and facilitating subsequent processing and analysis of the bone sample.

[0035] The negative pressure section 4 also includes a rotating cylinder 42, which is rotatably mounted on the end of the tubular saw column 1 near the rotating handle via a bearing. A second through hole 43 is provided on the side wall of the rotating cylinder 42, and the negative pressure pipe 41 is connected to the second through hole 43. Since the rotating cylinder 42 can rotate relative to the tubular saw column 1, in actual surgical operations, when the doctor holds the rotating handle to rotate the tubular saw column 1 to cut the bone, the rotating cylinder 42 always maintains a relatively fixed posture, and the negative pressure pipe 41 remains stationary with the rotating cylinder 42, effectively eliminating the risk of pipe entanglement. At the same time, the stability of the negative pressure field is not affected by the rotation state of the tubular saw column 1, ensuring that the bone is always subjected to uniform suction during the cutting and removal process.

[0036] There are multiple first through holes 12, which are arranged in a circular array around the axis of the tubular saw column 1. This arrangement allows a uniform negative pressure field to be generated at the end of the tubular saw column 1 near the first through hole 12, thus preventing the negative pressure from having a lateral effect on the inner diameter when the endoscope passes through the tubular saw column 1.

[0037] In summary, the usage procedure of Example 2 is as follows: First, connect the negative pressure tube 41 to the second through hole 43 on the side wall of the rotating cylinder 42, and turn on the negative pressure device for debugging to ensure that the first through holes 12 with multiple circumferential arrays at the front end of the tubular saw column 1 can generate a uniform and stable negative pressure field. Then, the circumferential saw sleeve 5 is first inserted into the target vertebral intervertebral space through the puncture channel, and the circumferential saw is inserted into the cutting position along the inner cavity of the circumferential saw sleeve 5. Next, the doctor holds the rotating handle and uses the endoscope to visualize and locate the tubular saw column 1 through the channel of the tubular saw column 1, aligning the tubular saw column 1 with the target bone area of ​​the spine. Then, the doctor rotates the handle to drive the tubular saw column 1 to rotate and cut the bone. At this time, the rotating cylinder 42 maintains a relatively fixed posture due to the bearing action, and the negative pressure tube 41 remains stationary with the rotating cylinder 42 without the risk of entanglement. The negative pressure field effectively prevents the bone from falling off. After the bone is successfully cut and removed, the doctor remotely turns off the negative pressure device, and the negative pressure field disappears.

[0038] Example 3: When the cut bone can enter the tubular saw column, but cannot form effective stability.

[0039] At this point, the doctor can use a dual anti-dislocation mechanism, combining the limiting part with the negative pressure part 4, to fix the bone. The usage procedure of Example 3 is as follows: First, connect the negative pressure tube 41 to the second through hole 43 on the side wall of the rotating cylinder 42, and turn on the negative pressure device for debugging to ensure that the first through holes 12 with multiple circumferential arrays at the front end of the tubular saw column 1 can generate a uniform and stable negative pressure field. Then, the ring saw sleeve 5 is first inserted into the target vertebral intervertebral space through the puncture channel, and the ring saw is inserted into the cutting position along the inner cavity of the ring saw sleeve 5. Next, the doctor holds the rotating handle and uses the endoscope to pass through the channel of the tubular saw column 1 for visual positioning, and aligns the tubular saw column 1 with the target tissue area of ​​the spine. Then, the doctor rotates the handle to drive the tubular saw column 1 to rotate and cut the tissue. At this time, the rotating cylinder 42 maintains a relatively fixed posture due to the bearing. The negative pressure tube 41 remains stationary with the rotating cylinder 42 without the risk of entanglement. At the same time, the spiral groove 11 on the inner side wall of the tubular saw column 1 enhances the friction with the tissue block through mechanical interlocking, forming a double anti-dislodgement mechanism with the negative pressure field, effectively preventing the tissue block from falling off. After the tissue block is successfully cut and removed, the doctor remotely turns off the negative pressure device, and the negative pressure field disappears.

[0040] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A spinal endoscopic visual trephine for preventing bone dislocation, characterized in that, It includes a tubular saw column (1), a semi-circular saw tooth (2), a rotating handle (3) and a limiting part. One end of the tubular saw column (1) is provided with a semi-circular saw tooth (2), the rotating handle (3) is installed at the other end of the tubular saw column (1), and the limiting part is provided on the inner side wall of the tubular saw column (1) near the end of the semi-circular saw tooth (2). The limiting part is spiral.

2. The spinal endoscopic trephine for preventing bone dislocation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting part is a groove (11) opened inside the tubular saw column (1).

3. The spinal endoscopic circumferential saw for preventing bone dislocation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The end of the groove (11) near the semi-circular saw tooth (2) is connected to the tooth root gap of the semi-circular saw tooth (2).

4. The spinal endoscopic trephine for preventing bone dislocation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the groove (11) is arc-shaped.

5. A spinal endoscopic trephine for preventing bone dislocation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The two sides of the groove (11) are rounded, and the rounded corners are tangent to the arc of the groove (11).

6. A spinal endoscopic visual ring saw for preventing bone dislocation according to claim 2, characterized in that, There are multiple grooves (11), and the multiple grooves (11) are divided into two groups with opposite rotation directions.

7. A spinal endoscopic trephine for preventing bone dislocation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The groove (11) has a depth of 0.08mm–0.15mm, a width of 0.3mm–0.6mm, and a pitch of 10mm–20mm.

8. A spinal endoscopic trephine for preventing bone dislocation according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a negative pressure section (4), which includes a negative pressure pipe (41) and a negative pressure device. A first through hole (12) is provided on the side wall of the tubular saw column (1) near the rotating handle (3). One end of the negative pressure pipe (41) is connected to the first through hole (12), and the other end is connected to the negative pressure device.

9. A spinal endoscopic trephine for preventing bone dislocation according to claim 8, characterized in that, The negative pressure section (4) also includes a rotating cylinder (42), which is rotatably mounted on one end of the tubular saw column (1) near the rotating handle. A second through hole (43) is provided on the side wall of the rotating cylinder (42), and the negative pressure pipe (41) is connected to the second through hole (43).

10. A spinal endoscopic trephine for preventing bone dislocation according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first through hole (12) is multiple and is distributed in a circumferential array around the axis of the tubular saw column (1).

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