An unmanned ship fire management system
By employing a fire early warning module combining aerosol detection devices and point-type temperature detectors on unmanned vessels, along with laser detection and temperature monitoring, multi-level fire alarms are generated and fire extinguishing actions are executed. This solves the problem of unmanned vessel fire management systems being unable to achieve very early fire warnings and false alarms, thus improving the safety of unmanned vessels.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- JIUJIANG LANZHIRUI INSTALLATION TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
Existing unmanned vessel fire management systems cannot provide early warnings of fires and are prone to false alarms, leading to a waste of resources.
The fire early warning module combines an aerosol detection device and a point-type temperature sensor with laser detection and temperature monitoring. It generates fire extinguishing commands through a multi-level fire alarm decision module and executes fire extinguishing actions through a fire extinguishing execution module.
It enables early warning of fires, avoids false alarms, ensures the effective use of firefighting resources, and improves the safety of unmanned vessels.
Smart Images
Figure CN122097906A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of unmanned vessel technology, and in particular to an unmanned vessel fire management system. Background Technology
[0002] Unmanned vessels can achieve autonomous navigation using satellite positioning and sensing systems, and execute preset tasks through intelligent control systems, without the need for crew operation. However, unmanned vessels employ aluminum alloy hull structures, and their main generator room, propulsion motor room, control room, and other compartments contain numerous flammable materials, posing a risk of electrical fires. Therefore, a fire management system is needed to monitor fire threats or potential threats and promptly eliminate them to ensure the safe navigation of unmanned vessels.
[0003] The gas quality varies in different compartments of unmanned vessels. When using smoke detectors for fire early warning, the exhaust gas from diesel engines and the fumes from fuel and lubricating oil are prone to causing false alarms. Similarly, heat detectors are also prone to false alarms due to high-temperature components of diesel engines, steam pipes, and other heat sources. As a result, the existing fire management system of unmanned vessels cannot achieve early fire warning and is prone to false alarms, leading to a waste of firefighting resources. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an unmanned ship fire management system to solve the problems of existing fire management systems being unable to provide early warning of fires and being prone to false alarms.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an unmanned vessel fire protection management system, comprising: The fire early warning module includes an aerosol detection device and a point-type temperature sensor. One aerosol detection device is installed in each compartment of the unmanned vessel. The aerosol detection device includes a sampling pipeline network, a filter, and a laser detection cavity. The sampling pipeline network includes a main pipeline and several branch pipelines arranged along the centerline of the compartment. A vacuum pump generates suction in the main pipeline. The branch pipelines are perpendicular to the main pipeline. One end of the branch pipeline is connected to the main pipeline and the other end is connected to the sampling hole. A flow-limiting valve is installed at the front end of the sampling hole. The filter is used to filter out interfering particles with a diameter greater than 0.5μm in the compartment air sample sucked in by the main pipeline and pass them into the laser detection cavity. The laser detection cavity is used to detect the concentration of aerosol particles in the compartment air sample. The point-type temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature rise rate and absolute temperature of the main generator compartment. The fire alarm decision module is used to generate multi-level fire alarms based on the aerosol concentration and temperature monitoring results of the cabin by the fire early warning module, and to generate fire extinguishing instructions according to the level of the fire alarm. The fire extinguishing execution module is used to execute fire extinguishing actions according to the fire extinguishing command.
[0006] As a further description of the above technical solution: The fire early warning module also includes an infrared thermal imager, which is used to generate real-time images of the thermal distribution of the cabin.
[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution: The branch pipes are arranged at an angle, with the bottom of the branch pipes facing the bottom of the lower compartment.
[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution: The filter includes a primary filter and a secondary filter arranged in series. The primary filter is used to filter dust particles with a diameter greater than 5 μm in the cabin air sample, and the secondary filter is used to filter dust particles with a diameter greater than 0.5 μm in the cabin air sample.
[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution: The fire extinguishing module includes a ventilation management unit and a fire extinguishing agent release unit. The ventilation management unit is used to control the opening and closing of the cabin ventilation ducts, and the fire extinguishing agent release unit is used to release the fire extinguishing agent.
[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution: The fire extinguishing module also includes an inert gas supply unit, which is used to introduce inert gas into the compartment.
[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution: The fire suppression module also includes a high-pressure foam spraying unit, which is used to spray high-expansion foam into the cabin.
[0012] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. In this invention, different fire detection methods are adopted for different compartments based on their specific characteristics. For control rooms and main power distribution panel compartments with high air quality, the fire early warning module uses an aerosol detection device to actively absorb air and perform laser detection, collecting air samples from each compartment of the unmanned vessel in real time. This analyzes the invisible aerosol particles generated during the very early pyrolysis stage of a fire, enabling very early fire warnings. For the main generator compartment, which has diesel engine exhaust leaks and fuel and lubricating oil volatilization, to avoid false alarms from the aerosol detection device, on the one hand, the aerosol detection device uses multi-stage filtration to intercept interfering particles with a diameter greater than 0.5μm, improving the accuracy of aerosol particle concentration detection. On the other hand, the fire alarm decision module combines the temperature monitoring results from point-type heat sensors for fusion judgment, avoiding false fire alarms.
[0013] 2. In this invention, the fire alarm decision module classifies the fire alarm based on the aerosol concentration monitoring results and temperature monitoring results of the cabin by the fire early warning module, and takes appropriate fire extinguishing actions according to the alarm level to achieve dynamic adjustment of fire extinguishing intensity and ensure the continuous fire extinguishing capability of the fire protection system.
[0014] 3. In this invention, in order to avoid the problems of insufficient early fire sensitivity and weak resistance to environmental interference in early warning based on infrared thermal imagers, the fire alarm decision module activates the infrared thermal imager after verifying the fire risk based on aerosol concentration monitoring results and temperature monitoring results to form a two-layer fire alarm confirmation mechanism of "early warning + precise positioning". Attached Figure Description
[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0016] Figure 1 This is a system architecture diagram of an unmanned ship fire management system. Detailed Implementation
[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0018] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention. Example 1
[0019] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: an unmanned vessel fire management system, comprising: The fire early warning module includes an aerosol detection device and a point-type temperature detector. One aerosol detection device is installed in each compartment of the unmanned vessel. The aerosol detection device includes a sampling pipeline network, a filter, and a laser detection chamber. The sampling pipeline network includes a main pipe arranged along the centerline of the compartment and several branch pipes. A vacuum pump generates suction in the main pipe. The branch pipes are perpendicular to the main pipe. The main pipe is preferably made of Ø25mm corrosion-resistant 316L stainless steel, and the branch pipes are preferably made of Ø8mm flame-retardant ABS branch pipes. One end of each branch pipe connects to the main pipe, and the other end connects to a sampling port. A flow-limiting valve is installed at the front end of the sampling port. The filter is used to filter out air samples from the compartment with a diameter greater than 0.5μm drawn in by the main pipe. Interference is introduced into the laser detection cavity, which is used to detect the concentration of aerosol particles in the cabin air sample. The laser emitting end in the laser detection cavity emits a high-energy laser beam. When nano-sized aerosol particles in the cabin air sample pass through, they induce the Mie scattering effect. The photoelectric sensor at the receiving end converts the scattered light signal into an electrical signal, and the particle concentration value is analyzed by the algorithm. A point-type temperature sensor is set in the main generator compartment. The point-type temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature rise rate and absolute temperature of the main generator compartment. The point-type temperature sensor monitors the temperature changes at the top of the monitoring compartment and key monitoring locations (near the fuel line or lubricating oil line). The response threshold is set to a temperature rise rate ≥ 5℃ / min or an absolute temperature ≥ 85℃. The fire alarm decision module is used to generate multi-level fire alarms based on the aerosol concentration and temperature monitoring results of the cabin by the fire early warning module, and to generate fire extinguishing instructions according to the level of the fire alarm. The fire extinguishing execution module is used to execute fire extinguishing actions according to the fire extinguishing command.
[0020] The fire alarm decision module classifies fire alarms based on the aerosol concentration and temperature monitoring results of the cabin obtained by the fire early warning module, and takes appropriate fire extinguishing actions according to the alarm level to achieve dynamic adjustment of fire extinguishing intensity and ensure the continuous fire extinguishing capability of the fire protection system.
[0021] The branch pipes are laid at an angle, with their bottom ends pointing downwards towards the bottom of the compartment. This angled installation prevents internal condensate buildup from affecting test results.
[0022] The filter includes a primary filter and a secondary filter arranged in series. The primary filter is used to filter dust particles with a diameter greater than 5 μm in the air sample from the chamber, and the secondary filter is used to filter dust particles with a diameter greater than 0.5 μm in the air sample from the chamber, ensuring that the air quality sent into the detection chamber meets the requirements of laser detection.
[0023] During aerosol detection, air is drawn into various parts of the cabin through a distributed sampling network. A Venturi-type flow restrictor valve is installed at the front end of the sampling port to adjust the flow rate by changing the cross-sectional area of the pipe, ensuring that the airflow velocity in each branch pipe is stable at 1.2-1.5 m / s, achieving stable and leak-free aerosol sampling. Then, the purity of the aerosol sample is ensured by graded filtration (>5μm→>0.5μm). Combined with laser scattering analysis, a detection sensitivity of 0.001% obs / m is achieved, meeting the requirements for precise and advanced early warning of fires in ship cabins.
[0024] The fire extinguishing module includes a ventilation management unit and a fire extinguishing agent release unit. The ventilation management unit is used to control the opening and closing of the cabin ventilation ducts, and the fire extinguishing agent release unit is used to release the fire extinguishing agent, which can be a thermal aerosol.
[0025] For a Level 1 alarm, the ventilation management unit of the fire suppression execution module controls the ventilation valve in the ventilation duct of the compartment that triggered the fire to reduce the opening degree, such as reducing the opening degree to 20%-30%, and at the same time controls the fan in the gas compartment adjacent to the fire compartment to increase the exhaust volume to achieve heat dissipation. For a level 2 alarm, the ventilation management unit of the fire extinguishing execution module controls the closure of the ventilation ducts of the fire alarm compartment, controls the fans in the gas compartments adjacent to the fire alarm compartment to increase the exhaust volume, and at the same time, the fire extinguishing agent release unit controls the spraying of fire extinguishing agent according to the set supply rate and supply amount to meet the fire extinguishing requirements of the level 2 alarm, while controlling the fire extinguishing dosage. The difference between the fire extinguishing actions for a Level 3 alarm and a Level 2 alarm lies in the fact that the fire extinguishing agent is supplied at the maximum rate and in unlimited quantities to prioritize the fire extinguishing effect.
[0026] Working Principle: In terms of fire detection, different fire monitoring methods are adopted according to the actual characteristics of different compartments. For control rooms and main power distribution panel compartments with high air quality, the fire early warning module uses an aerosol detection device to actively absorb air and perform laser detection, collecting air samples from each compartment of the unmanned vessel in real time. This analyzes the invisible aerosol particles generated during the very early pyrolysis stage of a fire, enabling very early fire warnings. For the main generator compartment, where there is diesel engine exhaust leakage and fuel and lubricating oil evaporation, to avoid false alarms from the aerosol detection device, on the one hand, the aerosol detection device uses multi-stage filtration to intercept interfering particles with a diameter greater than 0.5μm, improving the accuracy of aerosol particle concentration detection. On the other hand, the fire alarm decision module combines the temperature monitoring results from point-type heat sensors to make a fusion judgment, avoiding false fire alarms. The fire alarm decision module implements a graded response based on the real-time monitoring results of aerosol concentration, temperature rise rate, and absolute temperature in the compartment. If any one of these conditions is met, a level one alarm is triggered. Similarly, for situations with higher aerosol concentration, faster temperature rise rate, and higher absolute temperature, a level 2 alarm and a level 3 alarm will be generated. Example 2
[0027] This embodiment further improves upon the above embodiments by incorporating the following technical solutions: The fire early warning module also includes an infrared thermal imager, which is used to generate real-time thermal distribution images of the cabin. After the fire alarm decision module generates a fire alarm based on the aerosol concentration monitoring results and temperature monitoring results of the cabin from the fire early warning module, the fire alarm decision module generates a fire extinguishing command based on the cabin thermal distribution image generated by the infrared thermal imager. This allows the fire extinguishing execution module to accurately locate the fire source or fire risk location, thereby effectively extinguishing the fire.
[0028] To avoid the problems of insufficient early fire sensitivity and weak resistance to environmental interference (false alarms are easily triggered by normal heat sources) in early warning based on infrared thermal imagers, the fire alarm decision module activates the infrared thermal imager after verifying the fire risk based on aerosol concentration monitoring results and temperature monitoring results, so as to form a two-layer fire alarm confirmation mechanism of "early warning + precise positioning". Example 3
[0029] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further improves upon the following technical solution: the fire extinguishing execution module also includes an inert gas supply unit, which is used to introduce inert gas into the cabin.
[0030] To expedite fire suppression, the fire suppression module also introduces inert gas to reduce the oxygen concentration inside the compartment, thus facilitating firefighting. Similar to the extinguishing agent supply, the inert gas supply unit controls the flow rate during a level two alarm and supplies full power during a level three alarm. Example 4
[0031] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further improves upon the following technical solution: the fire extinguishing execution module also includes a high-pressure foam spraying unit, which is used to spray high-expansion foam into the cabin with an expansion ratio of 500-1000 times.
[0032] Similarly, for compartments with complex structures, a high-pressure foam injection device can be added. By coordinating the high-pressure foam injection unit with the inert gas supply unit, a dual asphyxiation effect can be achieved, improving the quality of asphyxiation fire extinguishing.
[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. An unmanned vessel fire management system, characterized in that, include: The fire early warning module includes an aerosol detection device and a point-type temperature sensor. One aerosol detection device is installed in each compartment of the unmanned vessel. The aerosol detection device includes a sampling pipeline network, a filter, and a laser detection cavity. The sampling pipeline network includes a main pipe arranged along the centerline of the compartment and several branch pipes. A vacuum pump generates suction in the main pipe. The branch pipes are perpendicular to the main pipe, with one end connected to the main pipe and the other end connected to a sampling port. A flow-limiting valve is installed at the front end of the sampling port. The filter is used to filter out interfering particles with a diameter greater than 0.5 μm from the air sample drawn in by the main pipe and introduce them into the laser detection cavity. The laser detection cavity is used to detect the concentration of aerosol particles in the air sample. The point-type temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature rise rate and absolute temperature of the main generator compartment. The fire alarm decision module is used to generate multi-level fire alarms based on the aerosol concentration and temperature monitoring results of the cabin by the fire early warning module, and to generate fire extinguishing instructions according to the level of the fire alarm. The fire extinguishing execution module is used to execute fire extinguishing actions according to the fire extinguishing command.
2. The unmanned vessel fire management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire early warning module also includes an infrared thermal imager, which is used to generate real-time thermal distribution images of the cabin.
3. The unmanned vessel fire management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The branch pipe is arranged at an angle, with its bottom end facing downwards towards the bottom surface of the compartment.
4. The unmanned vessel fire management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter includes a primary filter and a secondary filter arranged in series. The primary filter is used to filter dust particles with a diameter greater than 5 μm in the cabin air sample, and the secondary filter is used to filter dust particles with a diameter greater than 0.5 μm in the cabin air sample.
5. The unmanned vessel fire management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing execution module includes a ventilation management unit and a fire extinguishing agent release unit. The ventilation management unit is used to control the opening and closing of the cabin ventilation ducts, and the fire extinguishing agent release unit is used to release the fire extinguishing agent.
6. The unmanned vessel fire management system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing module also includes an inert gas supply unit, which is used to introduce inert gas into the cabin.
7. An unmanned vessel fire management system according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing module also includes a high-pressure foam spraying unit, which is used to spray high-expansion foam into the cabin.