A method and device for adjusting the trajectory of a horizontal well

Abstract

The application discloses a method and device for adjusting a drilling trajectory of a horizontal well. First, a standard well used for stratum comparison with a well to be drilled is determined, and a horizontal well geosteering model is established in combination with geological data and drilling engineering data. A current well resistivity while drilling and a while drilling gamma curve are compared with a standard well logging curve, and a target point vertical depth is calculated. In combination with a real-time response of a while drilling azimuthal resistivity boundary detection curve, a landing point of a target layer is determined, and a suitable hole inclination angle is used to enter the layer. A drilling trajectory and a relative position relationship with a stratum interface are determined by fitting a while drilling simulation curve of the horizontal well geosteering model with a current well actual drilling curve. A stratum interface azimuth and a distance from the trajectory to the interface are determined in real time by developing a while drilling azimuthal resistivity boundary detection rapid inversion, and the horizontal section drilling trajectory is adjusted. In combination with logging data and directional actual drilling characteristics, a layer position where the trajectory is located is judged, and a sand body distribution and a stratum change trend are predicted in combination with a regional seismic profile, so that the drilling trajectory is pre-adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of oil exploration and development, and in particular to a method and apparatus for adjusting the drilling trajectory of a horizontal well. Background Technology

[0002] Geological steering technology while drilling is a measurement and control technology that adjusts the wellbore trajectory in real time based on geological engineering data, logging while drilling, and measurement data during horizontal well drilling.

[0003] Traditional geological steering technology typically establishes a horizontal well geological steering model based on geological engineering data and data such as gamma ray and resistivity during drilling. By comparing the formation with data from adjacent wells and fitting curves during actual drilling, the position of the trajectory in the formation is determined. However, due to the shallow detection depth and insufficient azimuth sensitivity of the instruments, adjustments are often only made after the trajectory has exited the formation, which can easily lead to the loss of horizontal sections of the reservoir.

[0004] Therefore, how to proactively optimize and adjust the drilling trajectory of horizontal wells to improve the target formation encounter rate while reducing drilling risks is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, this application provides a method and apparatus for adjusting the drilling trajectory of a horizontal well, which aims to improve the target formation drilling rate while reducing drilling risks.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for adjusting the drilling trajectory of a horizontal well, the method comprising:

[0007] Based on the reservoir geological data and drilling engineering design data of the well to be drilled, a standard well is determined for formation comparison with the well to be drilled. The standard well has the same structure and similar sediments as the well to be drilled. The standard well includes a marker layer, which is used to determine the target layer of the well to be drilled.

[0008] Using the reservoir geological data, the drilling engineering design data, the regional seismic data of the well to be drilled, and the standard well data, a horizontal well geological steering model of the well to be drilled is established; and numerical simulation of the pre-drilling curve is carried out to formulate a geological steering construction plan.

[0009] During the actual drilling process, the current well resistivity and gamma ray curves are compared with the resistivity and gamma ray curves of the standard well to predict the vertical depth of the target point; and the landing point of the target layer is determined by combining the real-time response of the azimuth resistivity boundary detection curve during drilling.

[0010] The horizontal well geological steering model is windowed, and control nodes are added to adjust the model. The drilling simulation curve of the model is calculated. By fitting the drilling simulation curve with the actual drilling curve of the current well, and combining the drilling azimuth gamma data, the vertical tangency of the drilling trajectory and the formation interface is determined, and the relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface is determined. The drilling simulation curve includes the drilling simulation resistivity and the drilling simulation gamma curve, and the actual drilling curve includes the drilling resistivity and the actual drilling gamma curve.

[0011] By conducting rapid inversion of azimuth resistivity boundary detection while drilling, the azimuth of the formation interface and the distance between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface are determined in real time, thereby adjusting and optimizing the drilling trajectory.

[0012] Based on well logging data and directional drilling characteristics to help determine the stratigraphic position, and combined with regional seismic data to predict sand body distribution and stratigraphic change trends, the drilling trajectory is pre-adjusted.

[0013] Optionally, the step of determining a standard well for formation comparison with the well to be drilled, based on the reservoir geological data and drilling engineering design data, includes:

[0014] Based on the reservoir geological data and the drilling engineering design data, regional data collection and analysis are carried out to obtain the regional geological data, regional seismic data, adjacent well data and well area oil and gas testing data of the well to be drilled;

[0015] Based on the regional geological data, regional seismic data, adjacent well data, and well area oil and gas testing data, a standard well is determined for formation comparison with the well to be drilled.

[0016] Optionally, the standard well data includes resistivity and gamma curves;

[0017] The process of establishing a horizontal well geological steering model for the well to be drilled using the drilling engineering design data, the reservoir geological data, the regional seismic data of the well to be drilled, and the standard well data includes:

[0018] Based on the drilling engineering design data, determine the drilling trajectory data of the well to be drilled;

[0019] The formation dip angle data of the well to be drilled is extracted using the regional seismic data.

[0020] Based on the standard well data, determine the formation thickness resistivity information of the well to be drilled;

[0021] Based on the regional geological data of the well to be drilled, the drilling trajectory data, the formation dip angle data, and the formation thickness resistivity information data, a horizontal well geological steering model for the well to be drilled is established.

[0022] Optionally, during the actual drilling process, the current well's resistivity and gamma-ray resistivity curves are compared with those of the standard well to predict the target depth; and the landing point of the target layer is determined by combining the real-time response of the azimuth resistivity boundary detection curve during drilling, including:

[0023] The resistivity of the well to be drilled is compared with that of the standard well in real time, and the gamma ray logging curve of the well to be drilled is compared with that of the standard well in real time. The actual formation thickness is obtained by using the vertical thickness and dip angle logging data of the adjacent wells. Combined with the formation dip angle data of the current well, the vertical depth of the target point is calculated.

[0024] Before reaching the predicted target depth, the landing point of the target layer is determined by combining the real-time response of the azimuth resistivity boundary detection curve during drilling and the gradual increase of the boundary detection curve response as the target layer approaches, and preparation is made to enter the layer at a suitable well inclination angle.

[0025] Optionally, the step of opening windows in the horizontal well geological steering model and adding control nodes to adjust the horizontal well geological steering model, and calculating the drilling simulation curve of the horizontal well geological steering model; by fitting the drilling simulation curve with the actual drilling curve of the current well, and combining the drilling azimuth gamma data to determine the vertical tangency of the drilling trajectory and the formation interface, the relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface is determined, including:

[0026] The horizontal well geological steering model is vented using a uniform or non-uniform venting method. The horizontal well geological steering model is adjusted by adjusting the position of the longitudinal control node. The drilling simulation curve of the horizontal well geological steering model is calculated. The drilling simulation curve is fitted with the current well actual drilling curve. The vertical tangency of the trajectory and the formation is determined by combining the drilling azimuth gamma data. The relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface is determined.

[0027] Optionally, the step of rapidly inverting the drilling trajectory by conducting azimuth resistivity boundary detection during drilling to determine the azimuth of the formation interface and the distance between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface in real time, thereby adjusting and optimizing the drilling trajectory, includes:

[0028] A 1D horizontal layered inversion model is established, and gradient inversion or stochastic inversion methods are used to carry out rapid inversion of azimuth resistivity boundary detection while drilling. The relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface, as well as the distance between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface, are determined in real time, thereby adjusting and optimizing the drilling trajectory.

[0029] Optionally, the drilling trajectory is pre-adjusted by using logging data and directional drilling characteristics to help determine the stratigraphic position of the drilling trajectory, and by combining regional seismic data to predict sand body distribution and stratigraphic change trends.

[0030] Secondly, this application provides a drilling trajectory adjustment device, the device comprising:

[0031] Geological guidance software module: used to determine a standard well for formation comparison with the well to be drilled based on the reservoir geological data and drilling engineering design data of the well to be drilled. The standard well and the well to be drilled have the same structure and similar sediments. The standard well includes a marker layer. The marker layer is used to determine the target layer of the well to be drilled.

[0032] Using the reservoir geological data, the drilling engineering design data, the regional seismic data of the well to be drilled, and the standard well data, a horizontal well geological steering model of the well to be drilled is established; and numerical simulation of the pre-drilling curve is carried out to formulate a geological steering construction plan.

[0033] During actual drilling, the current well resistivity and gamma ray curves are compared with the resistivity and gamma ray curves of the standard well to predict the vertical depth of the target point.

[0034] The horizontal well geological steering model is windowed, and control nodes are added to adjust the model. The drilling simulation curve of the model is calculated. By fitting the drilling simulation curve with the actual drilling curve of the current well, and combining the drilling azimuth gamma data, the vertical tangency of the drilling trajectory and the formation interface is determined, and the relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface is determined. The drilling simulation curve includes the drilling simulation resistivity and the drilling simulation gamma curve, and the actual drilling curve includes the drilling resistivity and the actual drilling gamma curve.

[0035] Based on well logging data and directional drilling characteristics to help determine the stratigraphic position, and combined with regional seismic data to predict sand body distribution and stratigraphic change trends, the drilling trajectory is pre-adjusted.

[0036] Drilling azimuth resistivity boundary detection instrument module: used for measuring drilling resistivity curves, boundary detection curves, and azimuth gamma curves.

[0037] Drilling azimuth resistivity inversion software module: used to determine the landing point of the target layer by combining the real-time response of the drilling azimuth resistivity boundary probe curve;

[0038] By conducting rapid inversion of azimuth resistivity boundary detection while drilling, the azimuth of the formation interface and the distance between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface can be determined in real time, thereby adjusting and optimizing the drilling trajectory.

[0039] Optionally, the geological guidance software module is specifically used to collect and analyze regional data based on the reservoir geological data and the drilling engineering design data, to obtain the regional geological data, regional seismic data, adjacent well data, and well area oil and gas testing data of the well to be drilled;

[0040] Based on the regional geological data, regional seismic data, adjacent well data, and well area oil and gas testing data, a standard well is determined for formation comparison with the well to be drilled.

[0041] Optionally, the standard well data includes drilling resistivity and drilling gamma ray performance curves.

[0042] The geological guidance software module is specifically used to determine the drilling trajectory data of the well to be drilled based on the drilling engineering design data.

[0043] The formation dip angle data of the well to be drilled is extracted using the regional seismic data.

[0044] Based on the standard well data, determine the formation thickness resistivity information of the well to be drilled;

[0045] Based on the regional geological data of the well to be drilled, the drilling trajectory data, the formation dip angle data, and the formation thickness resistivity information data, a horizontal well geological steering model for the well to be drilled is established.

[0046] The above technical solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] This application provides a method for adjusting the drilling trajectory of a horizontal well. The method includes: first, determining a standard well for formation comparison with the well to be drilled based on the reservoir geological data and drilling engineering design data of the well to be drilled. The standard well and the well to be drilled have the same structure and similar sedimentation. The standard well includes a marker layer, which is used to determine the target layer of the well to be drilled; second, establishing a horizontal well geological steering model for the well to be drilled using the reservoir geological data, the drilling engineering design data, the regional seismic data of the well to be drilled, and the data of the standard well; and conducting pre-drilling numerical simulation of the drilling curve to formulate a geological steering construction plan; then, during the actual drilling process, comparing the current well's drilling resistivity and drilling gamma ray curves with the resistivity and gamma ray curves of the standard well to predict the vertical depth of the target point. By combining the real-time response of the azimuth resistivity boundary probing curve during drilling, the landing point of the target layer is determined. Further, the horizontal well geological steering model is windowed, and control nodes are added to adjust the model, calculating the drilling simulation curve of the model. The relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface is determined by fitting the simulation curve with the actual drilling curve of the current well. Then, through rapid inversion of the azimuth resistivity boundary probing during drilling, the azimuth of the formation interface and the distance between the drilling trajectory and the interface are determined in real time, thereby adjusting and optimizing the drilling trajectory. Finally, based on logging data and directional drilling characteristics, the stratigraphic position is determined, and combined with regional seismic data, sand body distribution and stratigraphic change trends are predicted to pre-adjust the drilling trajectory. Through the above scheme, this application uses stratigraphic correlation and drilling boundary detection curves to accurately locate the "landing point" and enter the layer with a suitable well inclination angle; after entering the layer, the interface orientation and distance are obtained in real time to optimize the drilling trajectory; at the same time, the trajectory is pre-adjusted in combination with seismic profiles to improve the drilling rate of the target layer while reducing drilling risks. Attached Figure Description

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this embodiment or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiment or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0049] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for adjusting the drilling trajectory of a horizontal well as provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 2 Example diagram of standard well formation comparison provided for embodiments of this application;

[0051] Figure 3A schematic diagram illustrating an example of a horizontal well geological steering model provided in this application embodiment;

[0052] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a drilling azimuth resistivity boundary detection instrument provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 5 An example diagram illustrating a comprehensive geological steering method for a horizontal well provided in this application embodiment;

[0054] Figure 6 An inversion effect diagram of a three-layer model of azimuth resistivity provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 7 This is an example diagram of a real-time edge detection inversion of a horizontal well provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0056] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a drilling trajectory adjustment device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0058] To facilitate a further understanding of the technical solutions provided in this application, the background technology involved in this application will be explained below.

[0059] Drilling highly deviated and horizontal wells requires determining the location of formations and oil-water interfaces to guide real-time trajectory adjustments, ensuring accurate target entry into the desired layer and continuous tracking of the horizontal section. Drilling boundary detection technology utilizes azimuth resistivity boundary detection instruments to probe formations and oil-water interfaces. Data inversion determines the interface azimuth and the distance from the trajectory to the interface in real time, guiding drilling trajectory adjustments. Traditional geosteering technology typically establishes a geosteering model based on geological engineering data and drilling gamma ray and resistivity data. By comparing formation data with adjacent wells and fitting curves during actual drilling, the trajectory's position within the formation is determined. However, due to shallow instrument depth and insufficient azimuth sensitivity, adjustments are often only made after the trajectory has exited the formation; therefore, this technology is also known as "passive" geosteering technology.

[0060] The main shortcomings of existing horizontal well trajectory adjustment technologies based on traditional geological steering are:

[0061] (1) In cases where regional geological conditions vary greatly and there are no obvious marker layers in front of the target, the target selection method based on stratigraphic correlation is no longer applicable.

[0062] (2) By manually adjusting the geological guidance model, the simulated curve and the measured curve are fitted. There are many human interference factors, which reduces the accuracy of trajectory position judgment.

[0063] (3) Existing technologies mainly rely on logging data such as azimuth gamma and resistivity while drilling. These instruments have shallow detection depth and insufficient azimuth sensitivity. They can only make corresponding adjustments after the trajectory has left the layer, which is not proactive enough and causes the horizontal section of the target layer to be missed.

[0064] To overcome the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a method for adjusting the drilling trajectory of horizontal wells based on integrated drilling boundary detection and geological steering. The drilling azimuth resistivity boundary detection instrument has a large detection depth and strong azimuth sensitivity. By comparing formations and drilling boundary detection curves, the "landing point" is accurately located, and the well enters the formation at a suitable inclination angle. After entering the formation, the interface azimuth and distance are obtained in real time for drilling trajectory optimization. Simultaneously, the trajectory is pre-adjusted by combining seismic profiles. The results of drilling boundary detection and geological steering support and corroborate each other, reducing the uncertainty of trajectory adjustment decisions.

[0065] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for adjusting the drilling trajectory of a horizontal well, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0066] The method may include:

[0067] Step S101: Based on the reservoir geological data and drilling engineering design data of the well to be drilled, determine a standard well for formation comparison with the well to be drilled. The standard well and the well to be drilled have the same structure and similar sedimentation. The standard well includes a marker layer, which is used to determine the target layer of the well to be drilled.

[0068] In this step, based on the reservoir geological data and drilling engineering design data of the well to be drilled, regional data collection and analysis are carried out. According to the collected data, standard wells for stratigraphic correlation are selected. The standard wells should be adjacent exploration wells or pilot wells in the region, preferably adjacent wells with the same structure, source material and similar sedimentary facies.

[0069] Further identification of marker layers in standard wells is necessary. These marker layers should be rock formations with distinct logging curve characteristics that are easily identifiable. It is understood that marker layers are used to determine the target formation for the well to be drilled.

[0070] In one possible implementation, determining the standard well for formation comparison with the well to be drilled, based on the reservoir geological data and drilling engineering design data, includes:

[0071] Based on the reservoir geological data and the drilling engineering design data, regional data collection and analysis are carried out to obtain the regional geological data, regional seismic data, adjacent well data and well area oil and gas testing data of the well to be drilled;

[0072] Based on the regional geological data, regional seismic data, adjacent well data, and well area oil and gas testing data, a standard well is determined for formation comparison with the well to be drilled.

[0073] Specifically, based on the reservoir geological design and drilling engineering design data of the well to be drilled, regional data collection and analysis are carried out, including regional geological data, regional seismic data, adjacent well data, well area oil and gas testing data, etc. Based on the collected data, standard wells for stratigraphic correlation are selected. Standard wells should be adjacent exploratory wells or pilot wells within the region, preferably those with similar structures, provenance, and sedimentary facies.

[0074] like Figure 2 The diagram shown is an example of standard well formation comparison provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0075] It should be noted that drilling engineering design data is used to characterize the underground spatial location of the drilling trajectory.

[0076] Step S102: Using the reservoir geological data, the drilling engineering design data, the regional seismic data of the well to be drilled, and the standard well data, establish a horizontal well geological steering model for the well to be drilled; and conduct pre-drilling and drilling curve numerical simulation to formulate a geological steering construction plan.

[0077] In this step, using the engineering design data of the well to be drilled, combined with regional geological data, regional seismic data of the well to be drilled, and standard well data, a geological steering model for the horizontal well is established. Numerical simulation of the pre-drilling and drilling curves is carried out to determine the actual drilling resistivity and gamma ray curve of the well to be drilled, and a geological steering construction plan for the well to be drilled is formulated.

[0078] In one possible implementation, step S102 may specifically include:

[0079] Based on the drilling engineering design data, determine the drilling trajectory data of the well to be drilled;

[0080] The formation dip angle data of the well to be drilled is extracted using the regional seismic data.

[0081] Based on the standard well data, determine the formation thickness resistivity information of the well to be drilled;

[0082] Based on the regional geological data of the well to be drilled, the drilling trajectory data, the formation dip angle data, and the formation thickness resistivity information data, a horizontal well geological steering model for the well to be drilled is established.

[0083] Specifically, drilling trajectory data of the well to be drilled is obtained using engineering design data of the well to be drilled, formation dip angle is extracted using seismic data of the area to be drilled, formation information data such as layer thickness and resistivity are obtained using data from adjacent wells, and a geological steering model of the well to be drilled is established by combining regional geological data of the well to be drilled.

[0084] Numerical simulation of pre-drilling curves is conducted to predict curves such as resistivity and gamma along the designed trajectory, guiding subsequent adjustments to the drilling trajectory. Furthermore, a geological steering construction plan is developed for the well to be drilled, including the landing of the drilling trajectory, the control plan for the horizontal section trajectory, and the analysis of geological steering difficulties.

[0085] like Figure 3 The above is a schematic diagram of an example of a horizontal well geological steering model provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0086] Step S103: During the actual drilling process, the current well resistivity and gamma ray curves are compared with the resistivity and gamma ray curves of the standard well to predict the vertical depth of the target point; and the landing point of the target layer is determined by combining the real-time response of the azimuth resistivity boundary detection curve during drilling.

[0087] In this step, the current well's resistivity while drilling is compared in real time with that of the standard well, and the current well's gamma ray curve while drilling is compared in real time with that of the standard well to calculate the vertical depth of the target point. Simultaneously, the landing point of the target layer is determined by combining the real-time response of the azimuth resistivity boundary detection curve while drilling, allowing for entry into the layer at a reasonable well inclination angle.

[0088] Specifically, in one possible implementation, step S103 may include:

[0089] The resistivity of the well to be drilled is compared with that of the standard well in real time, and the gamma ray logging curve of the well to be drilled is compared with that of the standard well in real time. The actual formation thickness is obtained by using the vertical thickness and dip angle logging data of the adjacent wells. Combined with the formation dip angle data of the current well, the vertical depth of the target point is calculated.

[0090] Before reaching the predicted target depth, the landing point of the target layer is determined by combining the real-time response of the azimuth resistivity boundary detection curve during drilling and the gradual increase of the boundary detection curve response as the target layer approaches, and preparation is made to enter the layer at a suitable well inclination angle.

[0091] In this embodiment, the resistivity of the current well while drilling is compared with that of the standard well, and the gamma ray curve of the current well while drilling is compared with that of the standard well in real time. The actual formation thickness is obtained by using the vertical thickness and dip angle logging data of the adjacent wells. Combined with the formation dip angle of the current well, the vertical depth of the target point is calculated.

[0092] Before reaching the predicted target depth, the landing point of the target layer is determined by combining the real-time response of the azimuth resistivity boundary detection curve during drilling and the gradual increase of the boundary detection curve response as the target layer approaches, and preparation is made to enter the layer at a suitable well inclination angle.

[0093] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a drilling azimuth resistivity boundary detection instrument provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0094] The instrument operates at frequencies of 2MHz and 400kHz, measuring both resistivity and boundary detection curves. When T1, T3, T2, and T4 transmit symmetrically along the axial direction, and R1 and R2 receive symmetrically along the axial direction, it measures the amplitude ratio and phase difference resistivity curves between long and short source distances. When T2 and T5 transmit symmetrically along the axial direction, and Rcxy receives horizontally, it measures the boundary detection signal. Notably, Rcxy includes two sets of orthogonal horizontal antennas, ensuring that the instrument can measure boundary detection signals (zx and zy components) in at least two sectors during rotary or sliding drilling. Therefore, the interface orientation can be obtained through further data fitting. When encountering the target layer interface during drilling, the boundary detection curve will respond. By comparing the curves of adjacent standard wells in real time, combined with the real-time response of the azimuth resistivity boundary detection curve, a reasonable landing point can be determined, allowing for entry into the layer at a reasonable well inclination angle. Moreover, for situations where there are no marker layers or the marker layer characteristics are not obvious, the boundary detection response during drilling can serve as an important basis for accurate landing of the drilling trajectory.

[0095] Step S104: Window the horizontal well geological steering model and add control nodes to adjust the horizontal well geological steering model, and calculate the drilling simulation curve of the horizontal well geological steering model; by fitting the drilling simulation curve with the actual drilling curve of the current well, and combining the drilling azimuth gamma data, determine the vertical tangency of the drilling trajectory and the formation interface, and determine the relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface.

[0096] The simulated curves during drilling include simulated resistivity and simulated gamma curves during drilling, while the actual drilling curves include actual resistivity and gamma curves during drilling.

[0097] In this step, by opening windows in the horizontal well geological steering model and adding control nodes to adjust the horizontal well geological steering model, the simulation curve of the model can be quickly calculated. By fitting it with the actual drilling curve, the relative positional relationship between the trajectory and the interface can be determined.

[0098] Specifically, in one possible implementation, step S104 may include:

[0099] The horizontal well geological steering model is vented using a uniform or non-uniform venting method. The horizontal well geological steering model is adjusted by adjusting the position of the longitudinal adjustment control node. The drilling simulation curve of the horizontal well geological steering model is calculated. The drilling simulation curve is fitted with the current well actual drilling curve to determine the relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface.

[0100] In this embodiment, the previously established horizontal well geological steering model is windowed, which can be done using a uniform or non-uniform windowing method. The windows are the control nodes of each formation. The formation model is adjusted by adjusting the position of the control nodes vertically. Then, the drilling simulation curve of the horizontal well geological steering model is calculated.

[0101] The geological steering model is further adjusted by matching the simulated curve with the actual drilling curve. When the simulated curve matches the actual drilling curve, it is determined that the adjusted geological steering model is consistent with the actual formation conditions. This allows us to obtain the relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface, providing a basis for locating the drill bit's position in the subsequent drilling process and adjusting the subsequent drilling direction.

[0102] It should be noted that traditional drilling resistivity and gamma curves do not have azimuth characteristics. They usually produce the same simulated curve when moving upward or downward toward the formation interface. If drilling azimuth gamma data is available, the contact or vertical shear relationship between the trajectory and the formation can be determined by the azimuth gamma, reducing the uncertainty of wellbore trajectory adjustment.

[0103] Figure 5 This is an example diagram of a comprehensive geological steering method for a horizontal well provided in an embodiment of this application. By using stratigraphic correlation and comparing and fitting simulated curves and actual drilling curves, it was determined that the trajectory was close to the upper interface at around 1400m. To avoid jacking out, a deflection decision was made, and the subsequent trajectory gradually returned to the middle of the target layer.

[0104] Step S105: By conducting rapid inversion of azimuth resistivity boundary detection while drilling, the azimuth of the formation interface and the distance between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface are determined in real time, thereby adjusting and optimizing the drilling trajectory.

[0105] In this step, by conducting rapid inversion of azimuth resistivity boundary detection while drilling, the relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface, as well as the distance between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface, can be determined in real time, guiding the adjustment and optimization of the drilling trajectory in the horizontal section.

[0106] Specifically, in one possible implementation, step S105 may include:

[0107] A 1D horizontal layered inversion model is established, and gradient inversion or stochastic inversion methods are used to carry out rapid inversion of azimuth resistivity boundary detection while drilling. The relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface, as well as the distance between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface, are determined in real time, thereby adjusting and optimizing the drilling trajectory.

[0108] In this embodiment, for azimuth resistivity logging while drilling, a sliding window approach is typically used to convert the formation model into a series of 1D horizontal layered models, followed by a 1D inversion method. Commonly used inversion models for azimuth resistivity logging while drilling include: single-interface inversion models, two-interface inversion models, and multi-interface inversion models. Single-interface and two-interface inversion models generally employ gradient inversion methods, such as the Gauss-Newton inversion algorithm, while multi-interface inversion models generally employ stochastic inversion methods, such as the Bayesian inversion algorithm.

[0109] Taking the dual-interface inversion model as an example, the parameters to be inverted include the resistivity of the intermediate target layer, the resistivity of the upper and lower surrounding rocks, the distance from the instrument to the upper and lower strata interfaces, and the angle (relative dip) between the instrument axis and the strata normal. The inversion objective function is then constructed as follows:

[0110]

[0111] Where m represents the parameter vector to be inverted, and the first term on the right side of the equals sign represents the forward modeling response d(m) of the azimuth resistivity during drilling and the measured data d. obs The L2 norm of the vector difference, W represents the weight matrix; the second term on the right is the regularization term, including the regularization parameter λ, the parameter vector m to be inverted, and the model reference vector m. ref The difference between them. A Taylor expansion is performed on the objective function in the above formula, and the Gauss-Newton method is used to solve the minimum problem of the objective function. After multiple iterations, the fitting error continuously decreases, and finally the optimal solution satisfying the convergence condition is obtained.

[0112] Figure 6 This is an inversion effect diagram of a three-layer model of azimuth resistivity provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 6As shown, the thickness of the target layer in the upper forward model is 3m, and the resistivity of the upper, middle, and lower layers is 2Ω·m, 20Ω·m, and 4Ω·m, respectively, with a relative dip angle of 80°. The intermediate simulation curves include instrument resistivity curves and boundary detection curves. For simplicity, only the phase difference resistivity curve at a 2MHz long-short source distance and the boundary detection curve at 400kHz are plotted. The simulated forward model curves are used as input and substituted into the inversion algorithm for processing. The resistivity of the target layer, the resistivity of the upper and lower surrounding rocks, and the distance from the instrument to the upper and lower strata interfaces are plotted to obtain the results. Figure 6 The curtain diagram of the inversion results below shows that the inversion results have basically achieved the reconstruction of the forward model.

[0113] Figure 7 This is an example diagram of a real-time edge detection inversion of a horizontal well provided in an embodiment of this application. The well is compared with... Figure 5 For the same horizontal well, the edge detection signal gradually showed a significant negative difference around 1310m, indicating that the wellbore trajectory was gradually moving from low-resistivity mudstone into the target sandstone layer. After entering the layer, the resistivity stabilized, and the edge detection signal was basically zero, indicating that the wellbore trajectory was drilling in the middle of the target layer. Around 1400m, the edge detection signal showed a significant negative difference, indicating that the trajectory was close to the upper low-resistivity interface. In order to prevent push-out, an engineering deflection strategy was adopted, and the subsequent edge detection signal decreased, and the trajectory gradually returned to the middle of the target layer. Around 1440m, the edge detection signal showed a positive anomaly again, indicating that the trajectory was close to the lower low-resistivity interface, indicating that the thickness of the target layer was thinning at this point. Finally, the well was completed at 1447m.

[0114] Figure 7 The provided real-time edge exploration inversion example diagram and Figure 5 The trajectory adjustment process in the provided comprehensive geological steering example map is basically the same. In actual construction, the target layer is roughly found through stratigraphic comparison, and the "landing point" is accurately located by combining the drilling boundary probing curve. After entering the layer, the interface azimuth and distance are obtained in real time by using the drilling azimuth resistivity inversion, and the drilling trajectory is optimized in a timely manner. Moreover, the two can support and verify each other, and jointly reduce the uncertainty of trajectory adjustment decisions.

[0115] Step S106: Based on logging data and directional drilling characteristics, determine the stratigraphic position, and combine regional seismic data to predict sand body distribution and stratigraphic change trends, and pre-adjust the drilling trajectory.

[0116] In this step, the drilling trajectory is pre-adjusted by combining well logging data and directional drilling characteristics to help determine the stratigraphic position of the trajectory. At the same time, regional seismic data is used to predict the distribution of sand bodies and the trend of stratigraphic changes.

[0117] Specifically, in one possible implementation, step S106 may include:

[0118] Based on the logging data and directional drilling characteristics, the stratigraphic position of the drilling trajectory is determined, and the sand body distribution and stratigraphic change trend are predicted by combining the seismic profile of regional seismic data, and the drilling trajectory is pre-adjusted.

[0119] In this implementation, logging data, such as cuttings and total hydrocarbon displays, as well as the actual drilling characteristics of directional drilling, are used to help determine the stratigraphic position of the empirical trajectory. At the same time, seismic profiles are combined to analyze the relative changes in formation dip angles and the distribution and extension of sand bodies to pre-adjust the drilling trajectory and ensure the reservoir encounter rate of the entire well section.

[0120] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the embodiments of this application first determine a standard well for formation comparison with the well to be drilled based on the reservoir geological data and drilling engineering design data of the well to be drilled. The standard well and the well to be drilled have the same structure and similar sedimentation. The standard well includes a marker layer, which is used to determine the target layer of the well to be drilled. Second, using the reservoir geological data, the drilling engineering design data, the regional seismic data of the well to be drilled, and the data of the standard well, a horizontal well geological steering model of the well to be drilled is established. Numerical simulation of the pre-drilling curve is carried out to formulate a geological steering construction plan. Then, during the actual drilling process, the current well's pre-drilling resistivity and pre-drilling gamma ray curves are compared with the resistivity and gamma ray curves of the standard well to predict the vertical depth of the target point. And combined with the pre-drilling azimuth resistivity boundary detection curve... The system responds in real time to determine the landing point of the target layer; further, it opens windows in the horizontal well geological steering model and adds control nodes to adjust the model, calculating the drilling simulation curve of the model; by fitting the drilling simulation curve with the current well's drilling gamma ray curve, and combining the drilling azimuth gamma ray data, it determines the vertical tangency of the trajectory and the formation, and the relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface; then, by conducting rapid inversion of the drilling azimuth resistivity boundary detection, it determines the azimuth of the formation interface and the distance between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface in real time, thereby adjusting and optimizing the drilling trajectory; finally, it uses logging data and directional drilling characteristics to help determine the stratigraphic position, and combines regional seismic data to predict sand body distribution and formation change trends, pre-adjusting the drilling trajectory. Through the above scheme, this application uses stratigraphic correlation and drilling boundary detection curves to accurately locate the "landing point" and enter the layer with a suitable well inclination angle; after entering the layer, the interface orientation and distance are obtained in real time to optimize the drilling trajectory; at the same time, the trajectory is pre-adjusted in combination with seismic profiles to improve the drilling rate of the target layer while reducing drilling risks.

[0121] For the foregoing method embodiments, in order to simplify the description, they are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the present invention, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present invention.

[0122] The above are some specific implementations of the horizontal well drilling trajectory adjustment method provided in the embodiments of this application. Based on this, this application also provides a corresponding device. The horizontal well drilling trajectory adjustment device provided in the embodiments of this application will be described below from the perspective of functional modularity.

[0123] See Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a horizontal well drilling trajectory adjustment device provided in an embodiment of this application. The device includes:

[0124] Geological guidance software module 801: used to determine a standard well for formation comparison with the well to be drilled based on the reservoir geological data and drilling engineering design data of the well to be drilled. The standard well and the well to be drilled have the same structure and similar sedimentation. The standard well includes a marker layer. The marker layer is used to determine the target layer of the well to be drilled.

[0125] Using the reservoir geological data, the drilling engineering design data, the regional seismic data of the well to be drilled, and the standard well data, a horizontal well geological steering model of the well to be drilled is established; and numerical simulation of the pre-drilling curve is carried out to formulate a geological steering construction plan.

[0126] During actual drilling, the current well resistivity and gamma ray curves are compared with the resistivity and gamma ray curves of the standard well to predict the vertical depth of the target point.

[0127] The horizontal well geological steering model is windowed, and control nodes are added to adjust the model. The drilling simulation curve of the model is calculated. By fitting the drilling simulation curve with the actual drilling curve of the current well, and combining the drilling azimuth gamma data, the vertical tangency of the drilling trajectory and the formation interface is determined, and the relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface is determined. The drilling simulation curve includes the drilling simulation resistivity and the drilling simulation gamma curve, and the actual drilling curve includes the drilling resistivity and the actual drilling gamma curve.

[0128] Based on well logging data and directional drilling characteristics to help determine the stratigraphic position, and combined with regional seismic data to predict sand body distribution and stratigraphic change trends, the drilling trajectory is pre-adjusted.

[0129] The 802 azimuth resistivity boundary detection instrument module is used for measuring the resistivity curve, boundary detection curve, and azimuth gamma curve while drilling.

[0130] Drilling azimuth resistivity inversion software module 803: used to determine the landing point of the target layer by combining the real-time response of the drilling azimuth resistivity boundary detection curve;

[0131] By conducting rapid inversion of azimuth resistivity boundary detection while drilling, the azimuth of the formation interface and the distance between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface are determined in real time, thereby adjusting and optimizing the drilling trajectory.

[0132] Optionally, the geological guidance software module is specifically used to collect and analyze regional data based on the reservoir geological data and the drilling engineering design data, to obtain the regional geological data, regional seismic data, adjacent well data, and well area oil and gas testing data of the well to be drilled;

[0133] Based on the regional geological data, regional seismic data, adjacent well data, and well area oil and gas testing data, a standard well is determined for formation comparison with the well to be drilled.

[0134] Optionally, the standard well data includes drilling resistivity and drilling gamma ray performance curves.

[0135] The geological guidance software module is specifically used to determine the drilling trajectory data of the well to be drilled based on the drilling engineering design data.

[0136] The formation dip angle data of the well to be drilled is extracted using the regional seismic data.

[0137] Based on the standard well data, determine the formation thickness resistivity information of the well to be drilled;

[0138] Based on the regional geological data of the well to be drilled, the drilling trajectory data, the formation dip angle data, and the formation thickness resistivity information data, a horizontal well geological steering model for the well to be drilled is established.

[0139] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the embodiments of this application first determine a standard well for formation comparison with the well to be drilled based on the reservoir geological data and drilling engineering design data of the well to be drilled. The standard well and the well to be drilled have the same structure and similar sedimentation. The standard well includes a marker layer, which is used to determine the target layer of the well to be drilled. Second, using the reservoir geological data, the drilling engineering design data, the regional seismic data of the well to be drilled, and the data of the standard well, a horizontal well geological steering model of the well to be drilled is established. Numerical simulation of the pre-drilling curve is carried out to formulate a geological steering construction plan. Then, during the actual drilling process, the current well's pre-drilling resistivity and pre-drilling gamma ray curves are compared with the resistivity and gamma ray curves of the standard well to predict the vertical depth of the target point. The real-time azimuth resistivity boundary detection curve during drilling is also combined with the data. In response, the landing point of the target layer is determined; further, the horizontal well geological steering model is windowed, and control nodes are added to adjust the horizontal well geological steering model, and the drilling simulation curve of the horizontal well geological steering model is calculated; by fitting the drilling simulation curve with the current well's drilling gamma ray curve, and combining the drilling azimuth gamma ray data, the vertical tangency of the trajectory and the formation is determined, and the relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface is determined; then, by conducting rapid inversion of the drilling azimuth resistivity boundary detection, the azimuth of the formation interface and the distance between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface are determined in real time, thereby adjusting and optimizing the drilling trajectory; finally, based on the logging data and directional drilling characteristics, the layer is determined, and combined with regional seismic data, the sand body distribution and formation change trend are predicted, and the drilling trajectory is pre-adjusted. Through the above scheme, this application uses stratigraphic correlation and drilling boundary detection curves to accurately locate the "landing point" and enter the layer with a suitable well inclination angle; after entering the layer, the interface orientation and distance are obtained in real time to optimize the drilling trajectory; at the same time, the trajectory is pre-adjusted in combination with seismic profiles to improve the drilling rate of the target layer while reducing drilling risks.

[0140] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "first" and "second" (if they exist) are used only as name identifiers and do not represent the order of first and second.

[0141] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0142] Those skilled in the art will understand that the flowchart shown is merely an example in which the embodiments of this application can be implemented, and the scope of application of the embodiments of this application is not limited by any aspect of the flowchart.

[0143] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting the drilling trajectory of a horizontal well, characterized in that, The method includes: Based on the reservoir geological data and drilling engineering design data of the well to be drilled, a standard well is determined for formation comparison with the well to be drilled. The standard well has the same structure and similar sediments as the well to be drilled. The standard well includes a marker layer, which is used to determine the target layer of the well to be drilled. Using the reservoir geological data, the drilling engineering design data, the regional seismic data of the well to be drilled, and the standard well data, a horizontal well geological steering model of the well to be drilled is established; and numerical simulation of the pre-drilling curve is carried out to formulate a geological steering construction plan. During the actual drilling process, the current well resistivity and gamma ray curves are compared with the resistivity and gamma ray curves of the standard well to predict the vertical depth of the target point; and the landing point of the target layer is determined by combining the real-time response of the azimuth resistivity boundary detection curve during drilling. The horizontal well geological steering model is windowed, and control nodes are added to adjust the model. The drilling simulation curve of the model is calculated. By fitting the drilling simulation curve with the actual drilling curve of the current well, and combining the drilling azimuth gamma data, the vertical tangency of the drilling trajectory and the formation interface is determined, and the relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface is determined. The drilling simulation curve includes the drilling simulation resistivity and the drilling simulation gamma curve, and the actual drilling curve includes the drilling resistivity and the actual drilling gamma curve. By conducting rapid inversion of azimuth resistivity boundary detection while drilling, the azimuth of the formation interface and the distance between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface are determined in real time, thereby adjusting and optimizing the drilling trajectory. Based on well logging data and directional drilling characteristics to help determine the stratigraphic position, and combined with regional seismic data to predict sand body distribution and stratigraphic change trends, the drilling trajectory is pre-adjusted.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The standard wells used for formation comparison with the well to be drilled, determined based on the reservoir geological data and drilling engineering design data, include: Based on the reservoir geological data and the drilling engineering design data, regional data collection and analysis are carried out to obtain the regional geological data, regional seismic data, adjacent well data and well area oil and gas testing data of the well to be drilled; Based on the regional geological data, regional seismic data, adjacent well data, and well area oil and gas testing data, a standard well is determined for formation comparison with the well to be drilled.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The standard well data includes resistivity and gamma curves; The process of establishing a horizontal well geological steering model for the well to be drilled using the drilling engineering design data, the reservoir geological data, the regional seismic data of the well to be drilled, and the standard well data includes: Based on the drilling engineering design data, determine the drilling trajectory data of the well to be drilled; The formation dip angle data of the well to be drilled is extracted using the regional seismic data. Based on the standard well data, determine the formation thickness resistivity information of the well to be drilled; Based on the regional geological data of the well to be drilled, the drilling trajectory data, the formation dip angle data, and the formation thickness resistivity information data, a horizontal well geological steering model for the well to be drilled is established.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the actual drilling process, the current well resistivity and gamma ray curves are compared with the resistivity and gamma ray curves of the standard well to predict the vertical depth of the target point. By combining the real-time response of the drilling azimuth resistivity boundary probing curve, the landing point of the target layer is determined, including: The resistivity of the well to be drilled is compared with that of the standard well in real time, and the gamma ray logging curve of the well to be drilled is compared with that of the standard well in real time. The actual formation thickness is obtained by using the vertical thickness and dip angle logging data of the adjacent wells. Combined with the formation dip angle data of the current well, the vertical depth of the target point is calculated. Before reaching the predicted target depth, the landing point of the target layer is determined by combining the real-time response of the azimuth resistivity boundary detection curve during drilling and the gradual increase of the boundary detection curve response as the target layer approaches, and preparation is made to enter the layer at a suitable well inclination angle.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves opening windows in the horizontal well geological steering model and adding control nodes to adjust the model, calculating the drilling simulation curve of the model, and fitting the simulation curve to the actual drilling curve of the current well. This is combined with drilling azimuth gamma data to determine the vertical tangency of the drilling trajectory and the formation interface, thus establishing the relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface. The horizontal well geological steering model is vented using a uniform or non-uniform venting method. The horizontal well geological steering model is adjusted by adjusting the position of the longitudinal adjustment control node. The drilling simulation curve of the horizontal well geological steering model is calculated. The drilling simulation curve is fitted with the current well actual drilling curve. The vertical tangency of the drilling trajectory and the formation interface is determined by combining the drilling azimuth gamma data. The relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface is determined.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of rapidly inverting the formation interface by conducting azimuth resistivity boundary detection while drilling, and determining the azimuth of the formation interface and the distance between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface in real time, thereby adjusting and optimizing the drilling trajectory, includes: A 1D horizontal layered inversion model is established, and gradient inversion or stochastic inversion methods are used to carry out rapid inversion of azimuth resistivity boundary detection while drilling. The relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface, as well as the distance between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface, are determined in real time, thereby adjusting and optimizing the drilling trajectory.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of pre-adjusting the drilling trajectory based on well logging data and directional drilling characteristics to help determine the stratigraphic position, combined with regional seismic data to predict sand body distribution and stratigraphic change trends, includes: Based on the logging data and directional drilling characteristics, the stratigraphic position of the drilling trajectory is determined, and the sand body distribution and stratigraphic change trend are predicted by combining the seismic profile of regional seismic data, and the drilling trajectory is pre-adjusted.

8. A device for adjusting the drilling trajectory of a horizontal well, characterized in that, The device includes: Geological guidance software module: used to determine a standard well for formation comparison with the well to be drilled based on the reservoir geological data and drilling engineering design data of the well to be drilled. The standard well and the well to be drilled have the same structure and similar sediments. The standard well includes a marker layer. The marker layer is used to determine the target layer of the well to be drilled. Using the reservoir geological data, the drilling engineering design data, the regional seismic data of the well to be drilled, and the standard well data, a horizontal well geological steering model of the well to be drilled is established; and numerical simulation of the pre-drilling curve is carried out to formulate a geological steering construction plan. During actual drilling, the current well resistivity and gamma ray curves are compared with the resistivity and gamma ray curves of the standard well to predict the vertical depth of the target point. The horizontal well geological steering model is windowed, and control nodes are added to adjust the model. The drilling simulation curve of the model is calculated. By fitting the drilling simulation curve with the actual drilling curve of the current well, and combining the drilling azimuth gamma data, the vertical tangency of the drilling trajectory and the formation interface is determined, and the relative positional relationship between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface is determined. The drilling simulation curve includes the drilling simulation resistivity and the drilling simulation gamma curve, and the actual drilling curve includes the drilling resistivity and the actual drilling gamma curve. Based on well logging data and directional drilling characteristics to help determine the stratigraphic position, and combined with regional seismic data to predict sand body distribution and stratigraphic change trends, the drilling trajectory is pre-adjusted. Drilling azimuth resistivity boundary detection instrument module: used for measuring drilling resistivity curves, boundary detection curves, and azimuth gamma curves. Drilling azimuth resistivity inversion software module: used to determine the landing point of the target layer by combining the real-time response of the drilling azimuth resistivity boundary probe curve; By conducting rapid inversion of azimuth resistivity boundary detection while drilling, the azimuth of the formation interface and the distance between the drilling trajectory and the formation interface can be determined in real time, thereby adjusting and optimizing the drilling trajectory.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, The geological guidance software module is specifically used to collect and analyze regional data based on the reservoir geological data and the drilling engineering design data, and to obtain the regional geological data, regional seismic data, adjacent well data and well area oil and gas testing data of the well to be drilled. Based on the regional geological data, regional seismic data, adjacent well data, and well area oil and gas testing data, a standard well is determined for formation comparison with the well to be drilled.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The standard well data includes drilling resistivity and drilling gamma ray curves. The geological guidance software module is specifically used to determine the drilling trajectory data of the well to be drilled based on the drilling engineering design data. The formation dip angle data of the well to be drilled is extracted using the regional seismic data. Based on the standard well data, determine the formation thickness resistivity information of the well to be drilled; Based on the regional geological data of the well to be drilled, the drilling trajectory data, the formation dip angle data, and the formation thickness resistivity information data, a horizontal well geological steering model for the well to be drilled is established.

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