A recessive shallow rainfall type landslide geological disaster surveying device and installation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of implicit shallow rainfall type landslide geological disaster survey equipment, including monitoring system, main control cabin, power supply unit and early warning platform, the monitoring system includes soil tensiometer system, soil moisture monitoring module and deformation monitoring module, the sensor of soil tensiometer system, soil moisture monitoring module and deformation monitoring module is arranged on the same probe.The multi-parameter cooperative monitoring mechanism of the application is disclosed by the coaxial arrangement and synchronous acquisition of matrix suction-moisture-deformation-pore water pressure sensor, the disaster mechanism of shallow landslide in rainfall infiltration process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a geological hazard detection device for landslides caused by hidden shallow rainfall and its installation method. Background Technology

[0002] Approximately 90% of landslide disasters are related to rainfall. Among these, hidden shallow landslides, due to their shallow depth (1-3 meters), sudden onset, and high degree of concealment, pose a severe challenge to traditional monitoring technologies. Existing technologies mainly suffer from the following shortcomings: 1. Isolated parameter monitoring: Traditional equipment often uses single-parameter monitoring (such as rain gauges or displacement sensors), making it difficult to capture the coupling mechanism between water transport and changes in matrix suction during landslide formation. For hidden shallow landslides, matrix suction is a key parameter reflecting soil stability, but its dynamic changes are often overlooked; 2. Insufficient accuracy of early warning models: Existing early warning systems mostly rely on rainfall intensity thresholds, failing to fully consider the actual soil response. For example, patent CN113916305A only monitors rainfall through a water storage tank, failing to reflect the impact of water infiltration on landslide stability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the above shortcomings, the purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-parameter detection device for hidden shallow rainfall-induced landslide geological hazards with higher early warning accuracy, and its installation method.

[0004] Therefore, the technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a hidden shallow rainfall-type landslide geological hazard surveying device, including a monitoring system, a main control cabin, a power supply unit and an early warning platform. The monitoring system includes a soil tensiometer system, a soil moisture monitoring module and a deformation monitoring module. The sensors of the soil tensiometer system, the soil moisture monitoring module and the deformation monitoring module are set on the same probe.

[0005] Furthermore, the soil moisture monitoring module includes a microtube moisture meter, which is coaxially arranged with a soil tensiometer.

[0006] Furthermore, the deformation monitoring module integrates a triaxial accelerometer and / or a micro pore water pressure gauge, with the probes arranged from bottom to top in the order of pore water pressure gauge, triaxial accelerometer, microtubule moisture meter, and soil tensiometer.

[0007] Furthermore, the early warning platform is based on a three-level early warning model of "infiltration-suction-deformation". It processes multi-source data through a fusion algorithm. Survey equipment is distributed and deployed on potential landslide bodies, with monitoring probes in close contact with the soil. When rainfall occurs, the moisture monitoring module captures the infiltration process in real time, and the matrix suction sensor simultaneously measures the suction decay. When the suction drops to a threshold, the deformation monitoring module is triggered to encrypt sampling. After the data is processed by the main control cabin, it is wirelessly transmitted to the cloud platform. The platform assesses the risk through the three-level early warning model: Infiltration warning level: Moisture rises sharply and suction begins to decay, issuing a warning; Suction critical level: Suction drops to 60% of the stable value, issuing a warning; Deformation acceleration level: Accelerometer detects continuous deformation, issuing an evacuation warning.

[0008] Furthermore, the main control cabin includes a core processor, a communication module, and a storage unit to realize multi-channel data acquisition, transmission, and local data backup; the power supply unit includes a solar panel, a lithium battery pack, and a power manager.

[0009] The present invention also includes an installation method for a hidden shallow rainfall-type landslide geological hazard detection device, comprising the above-mentioned hidden shallow rainfall-type landslide geological hazard detection device, comprising the following steps: S1: drilling a hole in the soil; S2: inserting the rod of the detection device into the hole and filling the hole with soil so that the probe contacts the soil; S3: setting up a support on the ground, installing the main control chamber and power supply unit, and connecting the power supply unit, the main control chamber and the sensors of the monitoring system with wires.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S1, a hole is drilled to the bottom of the hidden shallow soil, and a concrete base is poured below the shallow soil. The support is inserted into the unhardened concrete base. The support includes a pipe body, the rod body of the surveying equipment is fixed to the connecting rod, the lower end of the connecting rod is connected to the base plate, the base plate is movably set in the pipe body, the base plate and the pipe body are sealed, the space between the base plate and the probe is filled with soil, and the rod body or connecting rod is connected to the drive structure.

[0011] Furthermore, several rods are connected to the base plate, and the rods are connected by a grid. The upper end of each rod is connected to a rack, which is located in a guide plate. The rack cooperates with a gear, which is driven by a motor.

[0012] Furthermore, multiple surveying devices are distributed in a distributed array within the target monitoring area, and the probe depths of the surveying devices are distributed in a stepped manner.

[0013] Beneficial technical effects of the present invention: (1) The multi-parameter collaborative monitoring mechanism of the present invention: by coaxial arrangement and synchronous acquisition of matrix suction-moisture-deformation-pore water pressure sensors, the disaster-causing mechanism of shallow landslides during rainfall infiltration is revealed.

[0014] (2) Adaptive monitoring strategy: The device automatically adjusts the sampling frequency (adjustable from 1 to 60 minutes) based on real-time rainfall data and changes in matrix suction, balancing power consumption and data validity.

[0015] (3) Three-level early warning model: Breaking through the traditional single rainfall threshold method, a hierarchical early warning system is established through multi-parameter fusion, which improves the early warning accuracy by about 35%. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the coaxial arrangement of suction, moisture, deformation, and pore water pressure sensors; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the support and the rod. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the driving structure of the rod; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the distributed setup of surveying equipment.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Power supply unit; 2. Main control compartment; 3. Rod body; 301. Pore water pressure gauge; 302. Triaxial accelerometer; 303. Microtubule moisture meter; 304. Soil tensiometer; 4. Concrete base; 5. Tube body; 6. Connecting rod; 7. Base plate; 8. Guide structure; 9. Grid. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0019] Reference Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this invention discloses a hidden shallow rainfall-induced landslide geological hazard detection device, comprising a monitoring system, a main control cabin 2, a power supply unit 1, and an early warning platform. The monitoring system includes a soil tensiometer system, a soil moisture monitoring module, and a deformation monitoring module. The sensors of the soil tensiometer system, soil moisture monitoring module, and deformation monitoring module are mounted on the same probe. In this embodiment, the overall structure of the detection device is a slender cylindrical shape with a diameter of approximately tens of millimeters. The length is set according to the actual needs of shallow soil monitoring, generally ranging from several hundred to over one thousand millimeters. The probe is conical or circular, suitable for embedding in shallow soil. (Refer to...) Figure 2 As shown, the monitoring system is coaxially configured with a matrix suction monitoring module, a soil moisture monitoring module, and a deformation monitoring module.

[0020] Matrix suction monitoring module: Employs a soil tensiometer system, including a ceramic head and a water-conducting glass tube, which directly contacts the soil. The measurement range is 0-100 kPa, with an accuracy of ±0.5 kPa. It is used to monitor the dynamic changes in matrix suction in unsaturated soil.

[0021] Soil moisture monitoring module: Microtubule moisture meter 303 based on frequency domain reflectance (FDR) principle, measuring 0-50% volumetric moisture content with an accuracy of ±1%. It is coaxially arranged with the matrix suction sensor to achieve simultaneous measurement of moisture and suction.

[0022] Deformation monitoring module: integrates MEMS triaxial accelerometer 302, with a range of ±8g and a resolution of 0.005g. It calculates the change in soil inclination by measuring the change in acceleration and identifies shallow displacement.

[0023] Pore ​​water pressure monitoring module: Miniature pore water pressure gauge 301, range -10~200kPa, accuracy 0.1%FS, used to monitor changes in saturated layer water pressure.

[0024] The surveying equipment is arranged coaxially from bottom to top in the following order: pore water pressure gauge 301, triaxial accelerometer 302, microtubular moisture meter 303, and soil tensiometer 304.

[0025] The main control compartment 2 includes a core processor: an ARM Cortex-M4 architecture microcontroller with an integrated 12-bit ADC converter for multi-channel data acquisition; a communication module: supporting 4G / 5G and LoRa dual-mode transmission, with a built-in SIM card slot for remote configuration and firmware upgrades; and a storage unit: equipped with 64Mbit non-volatile memory for local data backup.

[0026] Power supply unit 1 includes a solar panel: a flexible solar panel with a power of 10W, featuring a surface guide plate and sponge strip structure for self-cleaning. Power management: a built-in lithium battery pack (26Ah capacity) and power manager, supporting intelligent charging and discharging regulation to ensure a battery life of ≥30 days under continuous rainfall conditions.

[0027] The early warning platform possesses cloud-based data analysis capabilities: based on a three-level early warning model of "penetration-suction-deformation," it processes multi-source data through a fusion algorithm. It features a visual interface: providing landslide risk levels, parameter change curves, and early warning information push notifications.

[0028] In a typical potential landslide area, an array of devices is deployed in a 20×20m grid. The probes are vertically embedded in the soil, while the main control cabin is fixed to the ground surface. Monitoring parameters are configured via a remote platform: a sampling interval of 60 minutes during dry periods, automatically switching to 10 minutes after rainfall begins; if the suction change rate is >5% / hour, the interval is further increased to 1 minute. Data is transmitted to the local gateway via LoRa and then sent to the cloud via a 4G network. When the platform issues an alert, it automatically sends an alarm message to the management terminal. In this embodiment, the probes in the array can be vertically embedded in the soil at a uniform, fixed depth, such as 2m. In other embodiments, refer to... Figure 5 As shown, two, three, or several rows can also be arranged in a stepped depth. This embodiment can monitor data at different depths and gain a more comprehensive understanding of the soil conditions.

[0029] The working principle of the above-mentioned surveying equipment is as follows: The equipment is distributed across potential landslide bodies, with monitoring probes in close contact with the soil. After initialization, the equipment enters a multi-parameter synchronous acquisition phase, transmitting data via 4G / LoRa dual-mode communication. During rainfall, the moisture monitoring module captures the infiltration process in real time, while the matrix suction sensor simultaneously measures suction attenuation. The real-time data analysis module monitors rainfall signals, and a closed-loop feedback mechanism dynamically adjusts the monitoring status based on parameter changes. Specifically, it triggers an adaptive sampling strategy adjustment based on the monitoring and analysis results; for example, when suction drops to a threshold, the deformation monitoring module is triggered to encrypt sampling. After processing by the main control cabin 2, the data is wirelessly transmitted to the cloud platform, which assesses the risk using a three-level early warning model: 3. The three-level early warning assessment is based on the multi-parameter fusion results, and warnings are issued in stages. 1. Permeability Warning Level: Moisture content rises sharply and suction begins to weaken, issuing a warning.

[0030] 2. Critical suction level: When the suction drops to 60% of the stable value, a warning is issued.

[0031] 3. Deformation Acceleration Stage: The accelerometer detects continuous deformation and issues an evacuation warning.

[0032] The present invention also includes an installation method for a hidden shallow rainfall-induced landslide geological hazard detection device, comprising the above-mentioned hidden shallow rainfall-induced landslide geological hazard detection device, and including the following steps: S1: Drilling holes in the soil; S2: Insert the rod 3 of the surveying equipment into the borehole and fill the borehole with soil so that the probe comes into contact with the soil. S3: Set up a support frame on the ground, install the main control cabin and power supply unit 1, and connect the power supply unit 1, the main control cabin and the sensors of the monitoring system with wires.

[0033] Furthermore, refer to Figure 3As shown, in step S1 above, a hole is drilled below the hidden shallow soil layer, and a concrete base 4 is poured below the shallow soil layer. The support is inserted into the unhardened concrete base 4. The support includes a pipe body 5, with the rod body 3 of the surveying equipment fixed to the connecting rod 6. The lower end of the connecting rod 6 is connected to a base plate 7, which is movably disposed within the pipe body 5. A seal is formed between the base plate 7 and the pipe body 5. The cavity of the pipe body 5 below the base plate 7 can be filled with elastic material. Through holes can be provided on the side wall of the pipe body 5 to communicate with the soil. The upper end of the pipe body 5 is connected to two guide structures 8, which can be arc-shaped plates. Soil is filled between the base plate 7 and the probe. The rod body 3 or the connecting rod 6 is connected to the drive structure. In this embodiment, by setting the pipe body 5, the probe can change its depth, allowing it to be adjusted as needed to monitor soil conditions at different depths. The problem is that water may accumulate in the pipe body 5, and the movement of the surveying equipment may lead to poor contact with the soil, thus affecting the accuracy of the monitoring data. In this embodiment, a connecting rod 6 is provided to prevent the probe from being blocked by the pipe body 5 and unable to contact the lateral soil. A sealing structure is provided on the base plate 7 to prevent the surveying equipment from directly contacting the water accumulated in the pipe body 5 when it moves down, thus affecting the monitoring results. The purpose of filling with elastic material is also to prevent water accumulation in the pipe body 5. The soil layer set on the base plate 7 can move synchronously with the probe to prevent the bottom of the probe from losing contact with the soil during the movement. Water in soil layers of different depths can permeate through the soil on the base plate 7, eventually making the soil consistent with the moisture content of the soil layer, without affecting the monitoring of the soil at that depth.

[0034] In the above embodiments, reference is made to Figure 4 As shown, several rods 3 are connected to the base plate 7, and the rods 3 are connected by a grid 9. A rack is connected to the upper end of each rod 3, and the rack is located in a guide plate. The rack meshes with a gear, which is driven by a motor. Soil is wrapped around the outside of the rods 3 of the surveying equipment, mainly to solve the problem of poor contact between the lateral soil and the rods 3. Furthermore, the grid 9 facilitates its movement, and it does not affect water penetration or alter the soil's suction.

[0035] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A detection device for landslide geological hazards caused by hidden shallow rainfall, comprising a monitoring system, a main control cabin, a power supply unit, and an early warning platform, characterized in that: The monitoring system includes a soil tensiometer system, a soil moisture monitoring module, and a deformation monitoring module, with the sensors of the soil tensiometer system, soil moisture monitoring module, and deformation monitoring module mounted on the same probe.

2. The landslide geological hazard detection equipment for hidden shallow rainfall as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The soil moisture monitoring module includes a microtube moisture meter, which is coaxially arranged with a soil tensiometer.

3. A landslide geological hazard detection device for hidden shallow rainfall as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The deformation monitoring module integrates a triaxial accelerometer and / or a micro pore water pressure gauge. The probes are arranged from bottom to top in the following order: pore water pressure gauge, triaxial accelerometer, microtubule moisture meter, and soil tensiometer.

4. A landslide geological hazard detection device for hidden shallow rainfall as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The early warning platform is based on a three-level early warning model of "infiltration-suction-deformation". It processes multi-source data through a fusion algorithm. Survey equipment is distributed in the potential landslide body, and the monitoring probes are in close contact with the soil. When rainfall occurs, the moisture monitoring module captures the infiltration process in real time, and the matrix suction sensor measures the suction decay simultaneously. When the suction drops to the threshold, the deformation monitoring module is triggered to encrypt the sampling. After the data is processed by the main control room, it is wirelessly transmitted to the cloud platform. The platform assesses the risk through the three-level early warning model: Infiltration early warning level: moisture rises sharply and suction begins to decay, and a warning is issued. Suction power critical level: When the suction power drops to 60% of the stable value, a warning is issued; Deformation acceleration stage: The accelerometer detects continuous deformation and issues an evacuation warning.

5. A landslide geological hazard detection device for hidden shallow rainfall as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The main control cabin includes a core processor, a communication module, and a storage unit, enabling multi-channel data acquisition, transmission, and local data backup; the power supply unit includes a solar panel, a lithium battery pack, and a power manager.

6. A method for installing a hidden shallow rainfall-type landslide geological hazard detection device, comprising the hidden shallow rainfall-type landslide geological hazard detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Drilling holes in the soil; S2: Insert the rod of the surveying equipment into the borehole and fill the borehole with soil so that the probe comes into contact with the soil. S3: Set up a bracket on the ground, install the main control compartment and power supply unit, and connect the power supply unit, main control compartment and sensors of the monitoring system with wires.

7. The installation method of the hidden shallow rainfall-type landslide geological hazard detection equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S1, a hole is drilled to the bottom of the hidden shallow soil, and a concrete base is poured below the shallow soil. The support is inserted into the unhardened concrete base. The support includes a pipe body, the rod body of the surveying equipment is fixed with a connecting rod, the lower end of the connecting rod is connected to a base plate, the base plate is movably set in the pipe body, a seal is set between the base plate and the pipe body, and soil is filled between the base plate and the probe. The rod body or connecting rod is connected to the drive structure.

8. The installation method of the landslide geological hazard detection equipment for hidden shallow rainfall as described in claim 7, characterized in that: Several rods are connected to the base plate, and the rods are connected by a grid. The upper end of each rod is connected to a rack, which is located in a guide plate. The rack cooperates with a gear, which is driven by a motor.

9. The installation method of a landslide geological hazard detection device for hidden shallow rainfall as described in any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that: In the target monitoring area, multiple surveying devices are set up in a distributed manner, and the probe depths of the surveying devices in the distributed array are distributed in a stepped manner.

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