A pre-controlled roof bench staggered rise type filling mining method
By using the pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method, and combining roadways and risers with lifting structures, efficient mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies was achieved. This solved the problem of excessive mining and cutting work in the layered filling method and improved mining efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NORTHEASTERN UNIV CHINA
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-03
Smart Images
Figure CN122129263B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a pre-controlled roof bench staggered ascending filling mining method. Background Technology
[0002] Steeply dipping thin ore bodies are a typical type of complex and difficult-to-mine ore bodies in metal mining. Their morphology often exhibits significant geometric irregularities, and the vein strike and occurrence state are unstable, with frequent geological phenomena such as branching, pinching out and reappearance.
[0003] To ensure safe mining, the layered backfilling method is commonly used. The layered backfilling method mainly involves dividing the ore body into several layers along the vertical direction and mining them layer by layer. After the mining of the previous layer is completed, the goaf is immediately filled with backfilling materials (tailings, waste rock, concrete, etc.), and the resulting backfill body serves as the working floor and surrounding rock support for the next layer.
[0004] However, when using the layered backfilling method for mining, each layer requires additional mining on both sides of the ore body to create connecting roadways for equipment or personnel access. This results in excessive mining and cutting work, leading to low mining efficiency. Therefore, how to achieve efficient mining of steeply dipping thin ore bodies is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method, which aims to solve the problem of how to achieve efficient ore body mining.
[0006] This application provides a pre-controlled, staggered, ascending backfilling mining method, including:
[0007] S1: First transport roadways with one end connected to the outside are formed by mining on opposite sides along the length of the ore body to be mined, and vertically extending skylights are formed on opposite sides above the first transport roadways of the ore body to be mined; wherein the bottom end of the skylight is connected to the other end of the corresponding first transport roadway.
[0008] S2: The mining equipment is used to excavate from the first transport roadway on one side to the first transport roadway on the other side to the corresponding riser, so as to form a connected lower layer and an upper layer with a slope, and the mined ore body is transported out through the first transport roadway on the other side.
[0009] S3: The ore body located between the upper layer and the plane flush with the bottom wall of the lower layer is mined out by mining equipment and transported out through the first transport roadway on the other side;
[0010] S4: A lifting structure is installed in the space below the upper layer to lift the mining equipment to the height of the upper layer, and the space of the lower layer is backfilled to form a filling layer; and a preset space is excavated into the side wall of the upper layer to form a chamber with both avoidance and return functions;
[0011] S5: The mining equipment is used to excavate the ore body to be mined on the other side of the upper layer to form another upper layer with a slope, and the mined ore body is transported out through the raise and the first transport roadway on one side.
[0012] S6: The ore body between the upper layer and the filling layer is mined out using mining equipment and transported out through the raise and the first transport roadway on one side;
[0013] S7: Repeat steps S4-S6 until the ore body to be mined is completely mined.
[0014] In some embodiments, step S1, the step of mining on opposite sides along the length of the ore body to be mined to form a first transport roadway with one end connected to the outside, includes:
[0015] Roadways extending along the width direction of the ore body are formed by mining on opposite sides along the length direction of the ore body, wherein one end of the roadway extends to the outer wall of the ore body and communicates with the outside.
[0016] A connecting roadway is formed at the other end of the roadway, allowing the mining equipment to rotate. The connecting roadway connects with the roadway to form the first transport roadway.
[0017] In some embodiments, in step S2, the method of excavating from one side of the first transport roadway to the other side of the first transport roadway using mining equipment to the corresponding raise to form a sequentially connected lower layer and an upper layer with a slope includes:
[0018] The lower layer is formed by horizontally excavating from the first transport roadway on one side to the first transport roadway on the other side using mining equipment;
[0019] The mining equipment is used to excavate upwards from the lower layer to form a sloping section of the upper layer;
[0020] The mining equipment is used to excavate horizontally from the slope section to the first transport roadway on the other side to the well, so as to form an upper-level horizontal space.
[0021] In some embodiments, the slope segment is located at the middle of the ore body along its length.
[0022] In some embodiments, step S3, the step of mining the ore body located between the upper layer and the plane flush with the bottom wall of the lower layer using mining equipment, includes:
[0023] For the ore body with a slope, vertical holes are drilled downwards and the ore is mined by caving from the slope of the ore body.
[0024] The remaining ore body was mined using horizontal shallow-hole mining.
[0025] In some embodiments, in step S4, the method of providing a lifting structure in the space below the upper layer to lift the mining equipment to the height of the upper layer space includes:
[0026] Waste rock is transported to a predetermined location below the upper layer using mining equipment to form a cushion layer, and the mining equipment is parked on the cushion layer.
[0027] Alternatively, a support structure may be provided on the top wall of the upper layer to suspend the mining equipment.
[0028] In some embodiments, in step S4, the step of backfilling the space below the upper layer using the mining equipment to form a filling layer specifically involves:
[0029] When the padding layer is set below the upper layer, the backfill material is transported to the space below the upper layer via the first transport tunnel for filling, and mixed with the waste rock pile to form the filling layer.
[0030] In some embodiments, in step S5, the step of excavating the ore body to be mined on the other side of the upper layer using the mining equipment to form another upper layer with a slope includes:
[0031] The ore body to be mined on the other side of the upper layer is excavated upwards at an angle to form another upper layer slope section;
[0032] The slope section continues to be horizontally excavated to form another upper-level horizontal space for the ore body to be mined.
[0033] In some embodiments, the slope of the ramp section ranges from 10% to 15%.
[0034] In some embodiments, the top wall of the filling layer is flush with the top wall of the lower layer;
[0035] The height range of the upper or lower layer is 3m-4.5m;
[0036] The first transport roadway has a predetermined distance from the bottom of the ore body to be mined;
[0037] The pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method further includes: mining to form a second transport roadway with one end connected to the outside on opposite sides of the length direction of the ore body to be mined; wherein the second transport roadway is located above the first transport roadway and the other end of the second transport roadway is connected to the top of the corresponding well.
[0038] The beneficial effects of this invention are:
[0039] This application provides a pre-controlled roof bench staggered upward filling mining method, which uses staggered upward filling for tunneling and is applicable to the mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies. Specifically, the pre-controlled roof bench staggered upward filling mining method includes: firstly, forming first haulage roadways with one end connected to the outside by mining on opposite sides along the length of the ore body; and secondly, forming vertically extending raises connected to the first haulage roadways on opposite sides above the ore body, allowing operators to ascend to different tunneling heights, providing ventilation, and facilitating the transfer of mined ore to the haulage roadways. Then, mining equipment tunnels from one side of the first haulage roadway to the corresponding raise, forming a connected lower layer and an upper layer with a slope, and the mined ore is transported out through the other side of the first haulage roadway. The ore body located between the upper layer and the bottom wall of the lower layer is then mined out using mining equipment and transported out through the first transport roadway on the other side, thus realizing the mining operation of the ore body to be mined at the first height layer.
[0040] Then, a lifting structure is installed in the space below the upper layer to elevate the mining equipment to the height of the upper layer. The space of the lower layer is backfilled to form a filling layer. A pre-set space is excavated into the sidewall of the upper layer to form a chamber that serves as both a shelter and a turnaround area for the mining equipment to turn around or take shelter. The mining equipment excavates the ore body to be mined on the other side of the upper layer to form another upper layer with a slope, and the mined ore body is transported out through a raise and a first haulage roadway on one side. The ore body between the upper layer and the filling layer is mined out by the mining equipment and transported out sequentially through a raise and a first haulage roadway on one side to realize the mining operation of the ore body to be mined at the second height layer. The above steps are repeated to complete the mining operation at multiple consecutive height layers until the ore body to be mined is completely mined.
[0041] In other words, the pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method of this application sets up lifting structures in the space below the upper layer at each height, so the mining equipment does not need to be moved out of the ore body to be mined. That is, there is no need to set up additional connecting roadways on the outside of the ore body to be mined at the height position corresponding to the upper layer for the mining equipment to be temporarily moved out. Therefore, the amount of mining and cutting work required to build connecting roadways outside each layer in layered mining is reduced, and thus mining efficiency can be effectively improved. Attached Figure Description
[0042] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a ore body to be mined using the pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method as shown in an embodiment of this application.
[0044] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along BB;
[0045] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along CC;
[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of step one of the mining process of the pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method shown in the embodiment of this application;
[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of step two of the mining process in the pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method shown in the embodiment of this application;
[0048] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of step three of the mining process in the pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method shown in the embodiment of this application;
[0049] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of step four of the mining process in the pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method shown in the embodiment of this application;
[0050] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of step five of the mining process in the pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method shown in the embodiment of this application;
[0051] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of step six in the mining process of the pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method shown in the embodiment of this application;
[0052] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of step seven of the mining process of the pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method shown in the embodiment of this application;
[0053] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of step eight of the mining process of the pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method shown in the embodiment of this application;
[0054] Figure 12 This is a flowchart of the pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method shown in the embodiments of this application.
[0055] Figure label:
[0056] 100. Ore body to be mined; 110. First transport roadway; 111. Roadway; 112. Connecting roadway; 120. Raised shaft; 130. Lower layer; 140. Upper layer; 141. Sloping section; 142. Horizontal space; 150. Filling layer; 160. Chamber with both shelter and turning functions; 170. Second transport roadway; 171. Passage; 172. Connecting roadway; 200. Lifting structure; 300. Mining equipment; 400. Remaining ore body; 500. Part of the ore body with a slope. Detailed Implementation
[0057] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," "fifth," and "sixth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," "third," "fourth," "fifth," and "sixth" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
[0058] In embodiments of this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.
[0059] Reference Figures 1 to 12 As shown, this application provides a pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method, including:
[0060] S1: First transport roadways 110 with one end connected to the outside are formed by mining on opposite sides along the length of the ore body 100, and vertically extending raises 120 are formed on opposite sides above the first transport roadways 110 of the ore body 100; wherein the bottom end of the raise 120 is connected to the other end of the corresponding first transport roadway 110.
[0061] S2: The mining equipment 300 advances from the first transport roadway 110 on one side to the first transport roadway 110 on the other side to the corresponding riser 120 to form a connected lower layer 130 and an upper layer 140 with a slope, and the mined ore body is transported out through the first transport roadway 110 on the other side.
[0062] S3: The ore body located between the upper layer 140 and the bottom wall of the lower layer 130 is mined by the mining equipment 300 and transported out through the first transport roadway 110 on the other side.
[0063] S4: A lifting structure 200 is installed in the space below the upper layer 140 to lift the mining equipment 300 to the height of the upper layer 140, and backfill the space of the lower layer 130 to form a filling layer 150; and a chamber 160 with both avoidance and return functions is formed by excavating a preset space towards the side wall in the upper layer 140.
[0064] S5: The mining equipment 300 excavates the ore body 100 to be mined on the other side of the upper layer 140 to form another upper layer 140 with a slope, and the mined ore body is transported out through the raise 120 and the first transport roadway 110 on one side.
[0065] S6: The ore body between the upper layer 140 and the filling layer 150 is mined out by the mining equipment 300 and transported out in sequence through the raise 120 and the first transport roadway 110 on one side.
[0066] S7: Repeat steps S4-S6 until the ore body to be mined is 100 mined.
[0067] Reference Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the ore body to be mined is 100 (see figure). Figure 1 The structure contains cross-sectional lines; see the length direction of the ore body 100 to be mined. Figure 1 The left and right directions within the [location]. The length of the ore body 100 to be mined can be within 100m, and the height can be between 50m and 60m.
[0068] In specific implementation, in step S1, firstly, first transport roadways 110 are formed on the left and right sides of the ore body 100 to be mined. The first transport roadways 110 can provide access for mining equipment 300 or operators. Then, using drilling equipment, a vertical (refer to...) roadway is excavated on the left and right sides of the mining equipment 300. Figure 1 A ceiling 120 extends in the vertical direction (within the vertical direction), and the bottom end of the ceiling 120 is connected to the other end of the corresponding first transport roadway 110. A staircase is provided in the ceiling 120 for operators to climb.
[0069] For example, the first transport roadway 110 can be reinforced and supported by methods such as anchor cables, anchor bolts, metal mesh, and shotcrete.
[0070] After the first transport roadway 110 and the well 120 were completed, refer to Figure 4 As shown, in step S2, for example, excavation can proceed from the first transport roadway 110 on the left to the right until reaching the right-side lift 120, forming a lower layer 130 and an upper layer 140 with a slope. At this point, the upper layer 140 is located to the upper right of the lower layer 130, and the mined ore body is transported out through the first transport roadway 110 on the other side (i.e., the right side). Alternatively, excavation can proceed from the first transport roadway 110 on the right to the left until reaching the left-side lift 120, forming a lower layer 130 and an upper layer 140 with a slope. At this point, the upper layer 140 is located to the upper left of the lower layer 130, and the mined ore body is transported out through the first transport roadway 110 on the other side (i.e., the left side).
[0071] Specifically, the height difference between the upper layer 140 and the lower layer 130 depends on the slope angle and the sloping portion of the upper layer 140 along... Figure 1 The length in the left and right directions is determined as shown. The slope angle can be set according to actual needs. For example, a gentler slope is beneficial for the upward movement of the mining equipment 300, but a gentler slope will increase the amount of tunneling work. Therefore, in this embodiment, the slope is set to 10%-15% to reasonably set the slope range, thereby effectively balancing the smoothness of the upward movement of the mining equipment 300 and the amount of tunneling work.
[0072] It's important to note that a slope of 10%-15% refers to the percentage ratio of the height difference between the bottom and top of the slope to the horizontal distance between them. For example, a 10% slope means that for every 100m of horizontal movement, the vertical height increases / decreases by 10m, with an inclination angle of approximately 5.7°. Conversely, a 15% slope means that for every 100m of horizontal movement, the vertical height increases / decreases by 15m, with an inclination angle of approximately 8.5°.
[0073] Generally speaking, if the height of the upper layer 140 and the lower layer 130 is too large, it can easily lead to safety loss of control and filling collapse, while if the height of the upper layer 140 and the lower layer 130 is too small, it will result in a high mining-to-cut ratio and high economic costs. Therefore, in this embodiment, the height range of the upper layer 140 and the lower layer 130 can be set to 3m-4m to balance the dual requirements of safety and economy.
[0074] For example, the height of the upper layer 140 and the lower layer 130 can both be 3m, or both be 3.5m, or both be 4m.
[0075] In this embodiment, it can be configured such that when tunneling from the first transport roadway 110 on the left to the first transport roadway 110 on the right, the ore body mined during the tunneling process can be transported out through the first transport roadway 110 on the right, so as to shorten the transport path and improve the mining efficiency.
[0076] Then, in step S3, refer to Figure 5 As shown, specifically, the ore body located between the upper layer 140 and the bottom wall of the lower layer 130 can be extracted using mining equipment 300 (this part of the ore body can be referred to...). Figure 5 The ore body 100 at the first stratification height is mined out (as indicated by 500 and 400 in the diagram) and then transported out through the first transport roadway 110 on the other side (i.e., the right side), thereby realizing the mining operation of the ore body 100 at the first stratification height.
[0077] Next, in step S4, refer to Figure 6 As shown, after the ore body between the upper layer 140 and the plane flush with the bottom wall of the lower layer 130 is mined, a goaf will be formed at the original location of the ore body. This goaf can be considered to be flush with the lower layer 130 and arranged sequentially in the left-right direction. At this time, when the lifting structure 200 is set in the space below the upper layer 140, since the upper layer 140 is directly above the goaf, the height space here is relatively large. Therefore, the lifting structure 200 can be set in the goaf, so that the mining equipment 300 can be parked on the lifting structure 200 for subsequent filling operations without having to move the mining equipment 300 out of the stope or the ore body 100 to be mined.
[0078] Then, refer to Figure 7 As shown, the space below the upper layer 140 is backfilled by the mining equipment 300 to form the filling layer 150.
[0079] Furthermore, refer to Figure 7 As shown, the top wall of the filling layer 150 can be set to be flush with the top wall of the lower layer 130, thus achieving top filling and forming a continuous and stable support surface, eliminating structural weaknesses, and ensuring safe and efficient operation.
[0080] It should be noted that when performing roof filling, the upper surface of the filling layer 150 can be made flush with the ground surface, thereby providing a flat and stable working base for the mining operation of the upper layer. At this time, the space below the upper layer 140 includes not only the space of the lower layer 130 and the goaf, but also half of the sloping space of the upper layer 140.
[0081] For example, the filling material of the filling layer 150 may be, for example, crushed stone, concrete, or a mixture of crushed stone and concrete.
[0082] Reference Figure 7 As shown, next, a chamber 160 with both shelter and turning functions is mined on the sidewall of the upper layer 140 for blast avoidance and turning of the main mining equipment 300. The size of the chamber 160 with shelter and turning functions needs to meet the size of the mining equipment 300 and the turning requirements. The location of the chamber 160 with shelter and turning functions should, while meeting the safety distance requirements for blasting vibration, be placed in the thicker areas of the ore body 100 to be mined, in order to reduce the amount of tunneling.
[0083] Then, in step S5, refer to Figures 7-8 As shown, the mining equipment 300 excavates the ore body 100 to be mined on one side of the upper layer 140 to form another upper layer 140 with a slope, and the mined ore body is transported out through the raise 120 and the first haulage roadway 110 on one side (i.e., the left side). In step S6, the mining equipment 300 extracts the ore body between the upper layer 140 and the filling layer 150 and transports it out sequentially through the raise 120 and the first haulage roadway 110 on one side (i.e., the left side).
[0084] For example, when the aforementioned upper layer 140 is located to the right of the lower layer 130, the mining equipment 300 can start tunneling from the rightmost side of the upper layer 140 to the left, thereby forming another upper layer 140 with a slope above the upper layer 140 on the left side. At the same time, the mined ore body is transported out through the left-side raise 120 and the left-side first transport roadway 110. Then, the ore body between the other upper layer 140 and the filling layer 150 is mined and transported through the left-side raise 120 and the left-side first transport roadway 110.
[0085] Repeat steps S4-S6 above until the ore body 100 to be mined is completely mined.
[0086] For example, after the ore body between the upper layer 140 and the filling layer 150 is mined and transported, refer to Figure 9 As shown, a lifting structure 200 is installed in the space below another upper layer 140 to lift the mining equipment 300. Then refer to... Figure 10As shown, the space below another upper layer 140 is backfilled using the mining equipment 300 to form a filling layer 150. At this point, the mining of two layers has been completed, and two stacked filling layers 150 have been formed. Next, a chamber 160 with both shelter and return functions is formed by mining on the side wall of the other upper layer 140.
[0087] Reference Figure 11 As shown, the mining equipment 300 then excavates the ore body 100 to be mined on the left side of another upper layer 140 to form a second upper layer 140 with a slope, and the mined ore body is transported out through the raise 120 and the first haulage roadway 110 on the left. The mining equipment 300 extracts the ore body between the second upper layer 140 and the filling layer 150 and transports it out through the raise 120 and the first haulage roadway 110 on the left in sequence. The above steps are repeated until mining is completed. The subsequent mining process will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
[0088] For example, the mining equipment 300 may include a rock drilling rig, a loader, etc.
[0089] Based on the above description, the pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method of this embodiment, by setting up the lifting structure 200 in the space below the upper layer 140 at each height, does not require the mining equipment 300 to be moved outside the ore body 100 to be mined. That is, it does not require setting up an additional connecting roadway 112 outside the ore body 100 to be mined at the height position corresponding to the upper layer 140 for the mining equipment 300 to be temporarily moved out. Therefore, it reduces the amount of mining and cutting work required to build an additional connecting roadway 112 outside each layer from bottom to top in layered mining, and thus can effectively improve mining efficiency.
[0090] Reference Figures 1 to 3 As shown, where, Figure 1 for Figure 3 Sectional view along AA, Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view along BB. Figure 3 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view along CC. In step S1, the step of mining on opposite sides along the length of the ore body 100 to be mined, forming a first transport roadway 110 with one end connected to the outside, includes:
[0091] Mining is carried out on opposite sides of the length of the ore body 100 to be mined, forming a structure along the width of the ore body 100 (refer to...). Figure 3 A tunnel 111 extends in the y direction, wherein one end of the tunnel 111 extends to the outer wall of the ore body 100 to be mined and connects to the outside.
[0092] At the other end of tunnel 111, a connecting tunnel 112 is formed by mining, which allows mining equipment to rotate 300 degrees. The connecting tunnel 112 is connected to tunnel 111 to form the first transport tunnel 110.
[0093] In specific implementation, the first transport roadway 110 includes a roadway 111 extending along the width of the ore body 100 to be mined and a connecting roadway 112. The roadway 111 and the connecting roadway 112 are connected to form the complete first transport roadway 110. At the same time, the connecting roadway 112 can be used as a space for turning around or avoiding obstacles. That is to say, for the entire mining process, only the lowest level of excavation requires the setting of the connecting roadway 112 for the mining equipment 300 to move out or turn around. When continuing to mine upwards, it is not necessary to set up the connecting roadway 112 when excavating the second, second, and up to the nth level. Instead, the operation of the mining equipment 300 without leaving the mining area is achieved through the lifting structure 200.
[0094] Reference Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, in step S2, the method of excavating from one side of the first transport roadway 110 to the other side of the first transport roadway 110 using mining equipment 300 to the corresponding riser 120 to form a sequentially connected lower layer 130 and an upper layer 140 with a slope includes:
[0095] The lower layer 130 is formed by horizontally excavating from the first transport roadway 110 on one side to the first transport roadway 110 on the other side using the mining equipment 300;
[0096] The mining equipment 300 advances inclinedly upward from the lower layer 130 to form the upper layer 140 slope section 141;
[0097] The mining equipment 300 continues to excavate horizontally from the slope section 141 to the first transport roadway 110 on the other side to the well 120, so as to form the horizontal space 142 of the upper layer 140.
[0098] In practice, for example, the mining equipment 300 can horizontally excavate from the first transport roadway 110 on the left to the right, thus forming a horizontally extending lower layer 130. Then, it can inclined its excavation upwards and to the right, forming a slope section 141. Then, it can horizontally excavate from the right end of the slope section 141 to the right-side well 120, thus forming a horizontal space 142, thereby completing the excavation operation of the lowest layer.
[0099] Reference Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments, the slope section 141 is located in the middle along the length direction of the ore body 100 to be mined. At this time, the horizontal space 142 of the upper layer 140 and the lower layer 130 can be considered to have the same length along the length direction of the ore body 100 to be mined. In this way, the ore body 100 to be mined can be divided into two parts with approximately the same length along its length direction, which is conducive to realizing the mining rhythm of "alternating layers and continuous advancement".
[0100] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, where, Figure 5 This diagram illustrates a section of the ore body with a sloping surface, where caving and mining have not yet been completed (section 500). Figure 8 This diagram illustrates a portion of the ore body 500 with a sloping surface that has been mined by caving, while the remaining ore body 400 has not yet been mined. Step S3, the process of mining the ore body located between the upper layer 140 and the plane flush with the bottom wall of the lower layer 130 using mining equipment 300, includes:
[0101] For the ore body with a slope, a vertical hole is drilled 500 meters downwards and the ore is mined from the slope. That is, the ore body in the slope area is mined by vertical deep hole mining, which utilizes gravity to fall, so that the boundary ore volume can be recovered quickly.
[0102] For the remaining 400 mm of ore body, horizontal shallow-hole mining can be used to precisely control block size and dilution. In other words, during mining, the advantages of the two technologies can be complemented by adapting to local conditions to achieve safe and efficient mining of complex ore bodies.
[0103] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, in step S4, the method of providing a lifting structure 200 in the space below the upward layer 140 to lift the mining equipment 300 includes:
[0104] By transporting waste rock piles to a predetermined position below the upper layer 140 of the mining equipment 300 to form a lifting structure 200, and parking the mining equipment 300 on the lifting structure 200, the mining equipment 300 does not need to leave the mining area, thus avoiding the problem of excessive mining volume caused by the need to set up an additional connecting roadway 112, thereby improving mining efficiency.
[0105] In other words, by setting up a lifting structure 200 in the mining area, the mining equipment 300 can be moved to a different layer in situ, eliminating the need for connecting roadways and avoiding the need for the mining equipment 300 to travel back and forth, thus improving mining efficiency.
[0106] Alternatively, in other implementations, a load-bearing structure can be installed on the top wall of the upper layer 140 to suspend the mining equipment 300. The load-bearing structure could be, for example, a hook or a lifting ring.
[0107] In some embodiments, the step of backfilling the space below the upper layer 140 to form the filling layer 150 using mining equipment in step S4 specifically involves:
[0108] When a lifting structure 200 is provided below the upper layer 140, the filling material is transported to the space below the upper layer 140 via the first transport roadway 110 for filling, and mixed with the waste rock pile to form a filling layer 150.
[0109] In other words, when a lifting structure 200 is provided, the lifting structure 200 can be used directly as the material for laying the filling layer 150, or a suitable filling material can be transported out and then transported in as the filling layer 150, or the filling material can be transported in and mixed with the lifting structure 200 before filling, so as to improve the flexibility of operation.
[0110] Reference Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, in step S5, the step of excavating the ore body 100 on one side of the upper layer 140 using the mining equipment 300 to form another upper layer 140 includes:
[0111] The ore body on one side of the upper layer 140 is excavated upwards to form the slope section 141 of the upper layer 140;
[0112] Continuing from the slope section 141, horizontal excavation is carried out on one side of the ore body of the upper layer 140 to form the horizontal space 142 of the upper layer 140.
[0113] Specifically, the upper layer 140 can be excavated at an angle from the left side to the upper left to form a slope section 141, and then the horizontal excavation can continue from the left end of the slope section 141 to the left to form a horizontal space 142, thereby forming another complete upper layer 140.
[0114] Reference Figure 1 , Figures 4 to 11 As shown, there is a preset distance between the first transport roadway 110 and the bottom of the ore body 100 to be mined, that is, the first transport roadway 110 is not set close to the bottom of the ore body 100 to be mined, so as to reserve a safe protection distance, isolate the impact of mining, and ensure stable and smooth transport.
[0115] Reference Figures 1 to 11As shown, the pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method also includes: mining on opposite sides of the length direction of the ore body 100 to be mined to form a second transport roadway 170 with one end connected to the outside; wherein, the second transport roadway 170 is located above the first transport roadway 110 and the other end of the second transport roadway 170 is connected to the top of the corresponding lift 120, that is, the second transport roadway 170 on both sides is connected to the top of the lift 120, constructing a multi-channel three-dimensional ore extraction system to achieve efficient ventilation, transportation and personnel passage in layered filling mining.
[0116] In specific implementation, refer to Figure 3 As shown, the second transport roadway 170 includes a passage 171 extending along the width of the ore body 100 to be mined and a connecting roadway 172. The two roadways are connected to form a complete second transport roadway 170, while the connecting roadway 172 can be used as a space for turning around or avoiding obstacles.
[0117] In the description of the embodiments of this application, specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.
[0118] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A pre-controlled top bench staggered rise and fill mining method characterized in that, include: S1: First transport roadways with one end connected to the outside are formed by mining on opposite sides along the length of the ore body to be mined, and vertically extending skylights are formed on opposite sides above the first transport roadways of the ore body to be mined; wherein the bottom end of the skylight is connected to the other end of the corresponding first transport roadway. S2: The mining equipment is used to excavate from the first transport roadway on one side to the first transport roadway on the other side to the corresponding riser, so as to form a connected lower layer and an upper layer with a slope, and the mined ore body is transported out through the first transport roadway on the other side. S3: The ore body located between the upper layer and the plane flush with the bottom wall of the lower layer is mined out by the mining equipment and transported out through the first transport roadway on the other side; S4: A lifting structure is installed in the space below the upper layer to lift the mining equipment to the height of the upper layer, and the space of the lower layer is backfilled to form a filling layer; and a preset space is excavated into the side wall of the upper layer to form a chamber with both avoidance and return functions; S5: The mining equipment is used to excavate the ore body to be mined on the other side of the upper layer to form another upper layer with a slope, and the mined ore body is transported out through the raise and the first transport roadway on one side. S6: The ore body between the upper layer and the filling layer is mined out using mining equipment and transported out through the raise and the first transport roadway on one side; S7: Repeat steps S4-S6 until the ore body to be mined is completely mined.
2. The pre-controlled roof bench step-up ascending fill mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the step of mining on opposite sides along the length of the ore body to be mined to form a first transport roadway with one end connected to the outside includes: Roadways extending along the width direction of the ore body are formed by mining on opposite sides along the length direction of the ore body, wherein one end of the roadway extends to the outer wall of the ore body and communicates with the outside. A connecting roadway is formed at the other end of the roadway, allowing the mining equipment to rotate. The connecting roadway connects with the roadway to form the first transport roadway.
3. The pre-controlled roof bench step-up ascending fill mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the step of excavating from one side of the first transport roadway to the other side of the first transport roadway using mining equipment to the corresponding raise to form a connected lower layer and an upper layer with a slope includes: The lower layer is formed by horizontally excavating from the first transport roadway on one side to the first transport roadway on the other side using mining equipment; The mining equipment is used to excavate upwards from the lower layer to form the sloping section of the upper layer; The mining equipment is used to horizontally excavate from the slope section to the first transport roadway on the other side to the well, thereby forming the upper-layered horizontal space.
4. The pre-controlled roof bench step-up ascending fill mining method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Along the length of the ore body to be mined, the slope section is located at the middle position of the ore body to be mined.
5. The pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the step of extracting the remaining ore body to be mined from the lower layer using the mining equipment includes: For the ore body with a slope, vertical holes are drilled downwards and the ore is mined by caving from the slope of the ore body. The remaining ore body was mined using horizontal shallow-hole mining.
6. The pre-controlled roof bench step-up ascending fill mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the method of installing a lifting structure in the space below the upper layer to lift the mining equipment to the height of the upper layer includes: The mining equipment is used to transport waste rock piles to a predetermined position below the upper layer to form a cushion layer, and the mining equipment is parked on the cushion layer. Alternatively, a support structure may be provided on the top wall of the upper layer to suspend the mining equipment.
7. The pre-controlled roof bench step-up ascending fill mining method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, the step of backfilling the space below the upper layer using the mining equipment to form a filling layer specifically involves: When the upper layer is provided below the cushion layer, the filling material is transported through the first transport tunnel to the space below the upper layer for filling, and mixed with the waste rock pile to form the filling layer.
8. The pre-controlled roof bench step-up ascending fill mining method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the step of excavating the ore body to be mined on the other side of the upper layer using the mining equipment to form another upper layer with a slope includes: The ore body to be mined on the other side of the upper layer is excavated upwards at an angle to form another upper layer slope section; The slope section continues to be horizontally excavated to form another upper-level horizontal space for the ore body to be mined.
9. The pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The slope of the slope section ranges from 10% to 15%.
10. Pre-controlled roof bench cut and fill stoping method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The top wall of the filling layer is flush with the top wall of the lower layer; The height range of the upper or lower layer is 3m-4.5m; The first transport roadway has a predetermined distance from the bottom of the ore body to be mined; The pre-controlled top bench staggered upward filling mining method further includes: mining to form a second transport roadway with one end connected to the outside on opposite sides of the length direction of the ore body to be mined; wherein the second transport roadway is located above the first transport roadway and the other end of the second transport roadway is connected to the top of the corresponding well.