A four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capabilities.

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of electronic testing and power management technology. Specifically, it is a four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capabilities. It includes a voltage detection unit, a current detection unit, a signal preprocessing unit, a trend calculation unit, a multi-dimensional trend fusion unit, a predictor, an adjustable power rail unit, a power rail control unit, an energy recovery management unit, a recovery execution unit, and control logic devices. Through dynamic adjustment of the power rail based on trend prediction, the positive and negative power rail voltages are matched with the output voltage in advance and a controlled small voltage difference is maintained. This avoids the large voltage difference linear loss under traditional fixed power rail or passive following methods. Especially in high current output or long-term stable output scenarios, it can reduce output stage power consumption, reduce heat generation, and improve system energy efficiency and reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electronic testing and power management technology, specifically a four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional power recovery capabilities. Background Technology

[0002] In systems such as automated test equipment (ATE), source measurement units (SMU), programmable power supplies, and precision electronic instruments, it is usually necessary to provide controllable voltage or current output to the object under test and have bidirectional source and sink capabilities, i.e., four-quadrant output characteristics.

[0003] Existing VI source or SMU systems typically employ a fixed or semi-fixed power rail structure, using a combination of linear regulators or switching power supplies and linear output stages to achieve voltage and current output control. In such solutions, the voltage amplitude of the internal power rail is generally configured based on the maximum output specification or a preset level, without real-time optimization for dynamic changes in the output signal. When the output voltage or current amplitude is low, there is often a large voltage difference between the output stage and the power rail, resulting in significant linear power consumption and heat loss, reducing the overall system efficiency, and placing higher demands on device reliability and temperature rise control.

[0004] To reduce power consumption, some existing technologies attempt to introduce adjustable power rails or multi-level power supply methods, switching power rail levels by detecting the output voltage or current status. However, such solutions are mostly based on passive detection or post-event adjustment mechanisms, that is, the power rail is adjusted only after the output status changes. Due to the inherent response delay and settling time of the power rail, this method is prone to problems such as power rail adjustment lag, excessive transient voltage difference, and decreased output stability during rapid changes or cross-quadrant operation. It may even be necessary to reduce the output loop bandwidth or increase the safety margin to avoid instability, thereby sacrificing system performance.

[0005] On the other hand, in the four-quadrant operating mode, when the VI source switches from the source state to the sink state, or when the object under test feeds back energy to the system, existing technologies usually use resistive dissipation, linear absorption or simple energy clamping to handle the feedback energy. Although such solutions are simple in structure, they will directly convert the available electrical energy into heat, which not only reduces energy utilization efficiency, but may also cause local overheating, thermal stress concentration and additional heat dissipation design requirements.

[0006] Some systems have also attempted to introduce energy recovery circuits to send the recovered energy back to the power bus or energy storage unit. However, the related control relies on analog comparators or fixed threshold triggering methods, which are difficult to coordinate precisely with the dynamic changes of the output signal. In the case of rapid quadrant switching or high current transients, the recovery path opening is delayed and the switching impact is large, which can easily cause voltage and current changes, affecting the system stability and measurement accuracy.

[0007] Furthermore, with the increase in power density of the devices under test and the increasing complexity of test scenarios, VI sources often need to switch frequently between constant voltage and constant current modes, and the output waveform may have a high dynamic change rate. Existing power rail management and energy processing solutions based on analog closed loops have certain limitations in terms of response speed, predictability, and strategy flexibility, making it difficult to ensure output performance while taking into account energy efficiency optimization and system safety.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a power management method and device that can combine voltage and current state information to predict the trend of output behavior and actively adjust the power rail and energy recovery path before output changes occur, so as to achieve a four-quadrant VI output system with high efficiency, low heat dissipation, fast response and high stability.

[0009] Therefore, the present invention provides a four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail pressure regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0011] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional power recovery capability, comprising a voltage detection unit, a current detection unit, a signal preprocessing unit, a trend calculation unit, a multi-dimensional trend fusion unit, a prediction timing generation unit, an adjustable power rail unit, a power rail control unit, an energy recovery management unit, a recovery execution unit, and control logic devices. in, The voltage detection unit and the current detection unit are used to acquire the voltage signal and current signal at the output terminal of the VI source in real time, respectively. The signal preprocessing unit is connected to the voltage detection unit and the current detection unit, and is used to filter, limit or perform equivalent preprocessing on the acquired voltage and current signals to obtain effective signals for trend analysis. The trend calculation unit is connected to the signal preprocessing unit and is used to calculate the changing trend information of the output voltage and / or output current based on the effective signal. The multidimensional trend fusion unit is connected to the trend calculation unit and the VI source controller. It is used to combine the changing trend information with the current output control mode and output target to perform fusion processing on the changing trend information and generate predictive control information that characterizes the direction and intensity of output change. The prediction timing generation unit is connected to the multidimensional trend fusion unit and is used to generate prediction advance timing parameters for power rail regulation based on the prediction control information, so as to limit the advance time window of power rail regulation relative to output change. The adjustable power rail unit includes a positive power rail and a negative power rail, which are used to provide adjustable power supply to the VI source power output stage. The power rail control unit is connected to the prediction timing generation unit and the adjustable power rail unit respectively. It is used to actively adjust the voltage of the positive power rail and the negative power rail within the prediction advance time window so that the power rail voltage matches the target output state before the output change occurs, and keeps the power output stage operating within the controlled voltage difference range. The energy recovery management unit is connected to the voltage detection unit, the current detection unit and the multi-dimensional trend fusion unit respectively, and is used to identify the reverse energy state and determine the corresponding energy processing strategy when the system is in the current sinking working state or when reverse energy flow is detected. The recovery execution unit is connected to the energy recovery management unit and is used to selectively guide reverse energy into the energy storage path or the dissipation path according to the energy processing strategy. The control logic device is connected to the above-mentioned units and is used to coordinate the timing relationship of output control, power rail regulation and energy recovery process, so that the system can achieve coordinated operation of output stability, power consumption control and energy recovery in the four-quadrant working state.

[0012] Preferably, the loop input signal includes the current Pattern identifier, target The values ​​and their changing direction / rate provide a basis for control intent in fusion decision-making; the multidimensional trend fusion engine generates prediction results based on pattern adaptation weights. The predictor matches the pattern characteristics and outputs the lead time, and through dynamic... The adjustment module adaptively corrects itself based on historical responses; the target value of the power rail is calculated according to mode differences.

[0013] Preferably, the energy recovery management unit integrates three major modules: reverse energy detection and trend analysis, energy level estimation, and recovery path decision-making. It predicts the reverse energy state by analyzing the polarity and trend of voltage and current, and estimates the energy of the output voltage and current within the prediction time window and classifies them into small / medium / large levels. It then selects the recovery path based on the energy storage unit status and safety constraints.

[0014] Preferably, the recovery execution unit includes an energy storage unit and a resistive absorption unit, and enters the sinking current quadrant in advance. The recovery path is accessed via a soft-start method to reduce the impact of sudden current changes; the energy storage unit is used for high-frequency small / medium energy recovery, and the resistive unit is activated when energy storage is unavailable, energy is out of range, or the system is abnormal, to ensure the smooth recovery process and system safety.

[0015] Preferably, the system is equipped with a safety protection and backoff module to monitor the voltage / temperature of the energy storage unit, the status of the recovery path, and voltage and current anomalies in real time. When energy storage overvoltage / overtemperature, excessive temperature rise of the recovery actuator, excessive reinjection current, or path failure is detected, the system will forcibly switch to the resistive absorption path or limit the recovery current to avoid device damage and system crash.

[0016] Preferably, the control logic device integrates a VI source loop controller and a power rail manager to coordinate the synchronous operation of power rail adjustment, output control and energy recovery path, and avoid multi-loop interference; the power output stage contains at least two controlled power devices, which are powered by positive and negative power rails respectively, to ensure four-quadrant output capability; This limitation enhances the overall controllability of the system and provides hardware support for the implementation of core functions.

[0017] Preferably, the signal preprocessing unit focuses on suppressing three types of interference: high-frequency ripple of the switching power supply, transient spikes of the load, and sampling quantization noise.

[0018] Preferably, the multidimensional trend fusion unit output includes four core pieces of information: predicted output change direction, power rail adjustment direction, adjustment magnitude level, and adjustment urgency indicator. Predictive and power rail control provide comprehensive decision-making support, ensuring that rail voltage regulation accurately matches output trends.

[0019] Preferably, the system is suitable for source measurement units, programmable power supplies, and precision electronic instruments in automated test equipment.

[0020] Preferably, the system adopts a modular design, which can be flexibly expanded to different power levels, output ranges and multi-channel VI source systems.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional power recovery capability described in this invention achieves dynamic adjustment of the power rail based on trend prediction, enabling the positive and negative power rail voltages to match the output voltage in advance and maintain a controlled small voltage difference. This avoids the large voltage difference linear loss under traditional fixed power rail or passive following methods. Especially in high current output or long-term stable output scenarios, it can reduce output stage power consumption, reduce heat generation, and improve system energy efficiency and reliability.

[0022] 2. The four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capability described in this invention achieves decoupling of power rail regulation and VI source output control, as well as predictive lead time. With the introduction of this technology, power rail changes no longer depend on the passive response after output error occurs. While ensuring output stability and accuracy, it achieves more efficient energy management and can obtain good transient performance under low loop bandwidth conditions, reducing the stringent requirements on analog circuit performance.

[0023] 3. The four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capability described in this invention introduces the reinjected energy into the energy storage unit through a controlled recovery path when the VI source enters the sink current quadrant, instead of simply dissipating it as heat. This effectively utilizes the feedback energy and reduces the overall energy consumption of the system, making it particularly suitable for frequent quadrant crossing, pulse, or dynamic load testing scenarios.

[0024] 4. The four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capability described in this invention predicts the voltage and current change trends in advance, configures the power rail voltage and energy recovery path in advance before quadrant switching, avoids hysteresis, overshoot or large current impact at the moment of switching, reduces the electrical and thermal stress of power devices, improves device life and enhances the stability of the system under high-speed dynamic testing conditions.

[0025] 5. The four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capability described in this invention, through a multi-dimensional trend fusion mechanism, adjusts the current... The automatic power rail adjustment strategy prioritizes voltage stability and differential pressure margin in voltage output mode, and reduces disturbance to the current loop in current output mode, so that good dynamic response and stable output can be obtained in different output modes.

[0026] 6. The four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capability described in this invention, through digital prediction and advance adjustment mechanism, moves some of the dynamic adjustment tasks originally undertaken by the high-speed analog loop to the digital control level, reducing the dependence of the analog output stage, power supply module and detection circuit on high bandwidth and high precision, which helps to reduce the system design difficulty, cost and debugging complexity, while improving system consistency and scalability.

[0027] 7. The four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capability described in this invention can automatically switch to a safe dissipation mode to avoid risks when energy recovery benefits are insufficient or the system is abnormal, through multi-level judgment, energy level estimation and backoff mechanism; the system is implemented in a modular manner, which is easy to expand to different power levels, different output ranges and multi-channel VI source systems, and has good engineering applicability. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the dynamic rail pressure regulation four-quadrant VI source in this invention; Figure 2 This is a system structure diagram of the dynamic rail pressure regulation and energy recovery four-quadrant VI source in this invention; Figure 3 This is a hardware system block diagram of the dynamic rail pressure regulation and energy recovery four-quadrant VI source in this invention; Figure 4 This is a connection diagram of the power rail management in this invention; Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the module composition and signal input / output of the energy recovery management system in this invention; Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating the working steps and decision-making logic of energy recovery management in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capability includes a voltage detection unit, a current detection unit, a signal preprocessing unit, a trend calculation unit, and a multi-dimensional trend fusion unit. The predictor, adjustable power rail unit, power rail control unit, energy recovery management unit, recovery execution unit and control logic device are connected by signal or control link to work together to ensure that the system has four-quadrant output, dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capability. The voltage detection unit described above is used to acquire the voltage detection signal at the output terminal of the VI source in real time, which is the foundation for the system to perceive the output status. This unit adopts a high-precision voltage sampling circuit, which is directly connected to the output terminal of the power output stage. It can capture instantaneous changes in the output voltage. The sampling frequency must match the dynamic response requirements of the system to ensure the real-time performance and accuracy of signal acquisition. The acquired voltage detection signal provides raw voltage data support for subsequent trend analysis and prediction, avoiding prediction deviations caused by sampling delays. The aforementioned current detection unit is used to acquire the current detection signal at the output terminal of the VI source in real time, and works with the voltage detection unit to achieve comprehensive perception of the output status. This unit can use a series sampling resistor, Hall current sensor or shunt to achieve current sampling. It also needs to have high response speed and low measurement error, and be able to accurately identify the magnitude, polarity and trend of the current. Especially during quadrant switching, it needs to quickly capture the sudden change in current direction to provide key basis for reverse energy detection. The aforementioned signal preprocessing unit is directly connected to the voltage detection unit and current detection unit. Its core function is to filter and limit the acquired voltage and current detection signals. Since the original detection signals may contain high-frequency ripples introduced by the switching power supply, spikes caused by load transient changes, and sampling quantization noise, these interferences can affect the accuracy of subsequent trend judgment. Therefore, the preprocessing unit suppresses these interference factors by setting up a low-pass filter circuit and a limiting protection circuit, and outputs a stable and effective signal for the trend calculation unit to use. The filtering parameters can be adaptively adjusted according to the system operating mode to ensure the filtering effect while avoiding signal distortion. The aforementioned trend calculation unit is connected to the signal preprocessing unit, receives the preprocessed voltage and current signals, and performs trend calculations on them respectively. This unit calculates the voltage change rate using digital algorithms (such as the difference method, sliding window fitting, etc.). Current change rate Simultaneously, it analyzes the direction of voltage and current changes (positive increase / decrease, negative increase / decrease) and stability indicators (such as whether the signal fluctuation amplitude exceeds the preset threshold); the time window for trend calculation can be dynamically adjusted, with a short window (e.g., 10). ) is used to capture rapid changes, long windows (such as 100) It is used to determine the steady state, ensuring that it can respond to transient changes while avoiding misjudgments caused by noise; The aforementioned multi-dimensional trend fusion unit, as one of the core decision-making components of the system, is connected to the trend calculation unit and the VI source controller. It receives voltage trend information, current trend information, and loop input signals. Based on the current Force mode (voltage mode / current mode) and the output target, it weights or selectively fuses each trend information to generate a unified output trend prediction result. The core value of this unit lies in breaking through the limitations of single signal judgment in existing technologies. It achieves more accurate trend prediction through multi-dimensional information fusion: for example, it focuses on voltage trends in voltage mode and current trends in current mode. At the same time, it combines the changing direction of the output target to make the prediction result more in line with the control intention, rather than relying solely on passive detection data. The above Predictor: Connected to the multidimensional trend fusion unit, it is used to calculate the forecast lead for power rail regulation based on the fused trend information. ; It is a key parameter for achieving proactive predictive regulation, representing the time window in which the power rail needs to be adjusted in advance of the VI source output change. Its size directly affects the timeliness and accuracy of rail voltage regulation. The calculation is based on the rate, magnitude, and stability of the output change: the faster the rate of change and the larger the magnitude, the better. The larger the value, the more time the power rail has to complete the adjustment; when the rate of change is slow and the state is stable, The smaller the value, the less unnecessary premature adjustments that could cause output fluctuations; The aforementioned adjustable power rail unit, comprising a positive and a negative power rail, provides power to the VI source power output stage and forms the hardware foundation for dynamic rail voltage regulation. This unit employs an adjustable switching power supply or a linear regulated power supply structure, allowing the output voltage amplitude to be continuously adjusted under the control of the logic device. The adjustment range must cover the maximum output specifications of the VI source (e.g., the positive power rail adjustable range is 0~60V, and the negative power rail adjustable range is -60~0V), and the adjustment response time must be matched. The minimum value is used to ensure a rapid response to commands from the power rail control unit; The aforementioned power rail control unit is connected to both the prediction lead generation unit and the positive / negative adjustable power rail unit. Its core function is to generate the prediction lead. Internally, the output voltages of the positive and negative power rails are pre-adjusted to match the target output voltage and maintain a preset safe voltage difference before the VI output change occurs. .

[0032] The safety pressure difference It is used to balance the power consumption of the output stage and the stability of the system, and is a key parameter to ensure the normal operation of the linear output stage; According to the current The mode and load characteristics are dynamically set. For example, a smaller safety margin is used in voltage mode to reduce power consumption, and the safety margin is appropriately increased in current mode to enhance stability.

[0033] The power rail control unit converts the forecast lead information and the power rail target value command into control signals for the adjustable power rail unit, thereby achieving precise and advance adjustment of the rail pressure and significantly reducing the output stage differential pressure loss.

[0034] The aforementioned energy recovery management unit, connected to the voltage detection unit, current detection unit, and multi-dimensional trend fusion unit, is the core control module for achieving bidirectional energy recovery. Its functions include identifying the state of reinjected energy, estimating the energy level, and determining the recovery path: determining the presence of reinjected energy by combining the polarity of voltage and current (e.g., positive voltage and negative current or negative voltage and positive current), and predicting energy change trends by combining trend information; estimating the magnitude of reinjected energy using an integral algorithm and classifying energy levels; and selecting the optimal recovery path based on energy level, energy storage unit status, and system safety constraints to avoid energy waste or impact on the system during the recovery process. The aforementioned energy recovery execution unit, connected to the energy recovery management unit, includes an energy storage unit and a resistive absorption unit, used to perform energy recovery or safe dissipation. The energy storage unit stores recyclable energy, preferentially selecting energy storage devices with fast response speed and long cycle life, such as supercapacitors and capacitor arrays, which can quickly absorb reinjected energy and release it when the system needs it. The resistive absorption unit serves as a safety fallback path, employing a power resistor array structure to safely dissipate reinjected energy when the energy storage unit is unavailable, the energy is out of range, or the system malfunctions, preventing energy accumulation that could damage the devices. The aforementioned control logic device, connected to each of the aforementioned units, serves as the central dispatch center of the system, used to achieve coordinated control of dynamic power rail adjustment and energy recovery. This device can be implemented using an FPGA, MCU, or dedicated digital signal processor (DSP), and internally integrates a VI source loop controller and a power rail manager. It can receive output commands from the host system, coordinate the working timing of each unit, and ensure the synchronization of power rail adjustment, output control, and energy recovery path control, avoiding mutual interference between multiple control loops. For example, during quadrant switching, the control logic device synchronously schedules the power rail to adjust in advance and the energy recovery path to soft start, ensuring a smooth and shock-free switching process.

[0035] This limitation enables mode adaptation and precise parameter coordination across the entire power rail regulation chain, ensuring output stability and energy efficiency under different modes.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the energy recovery management unit integrates three major modules: reverse energy detection and trend analysis, energy level estimation, and recovery path decision-making. It predicts the reverse energy status by analyzing the polarity and trend of voltage and current, estimates the energy of output voltage and current within the prediction time window and classifies them into small / medium / large levels, and selects the recovery path in combination with the energy storage unit status and safety constraints.

[0037] This limitation addresses the issues of delayed reverse energy identification and blind recovery decisions, enabling precise control over energy recovery.

[0038] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, the above control logic device integrates a VI source loop controller and a power rail manager to coordinate the synchronous operation of power rail regulation, output control and energy recovery path, and avoid multi-loop interference; the power output stage contains at least two controlled power devices (MOSFETs / IGBTs), which are powered by positive and negative power rails respectively, to ensure four-quadrant output capability; This limitation enhances the overall controllability of the system and provides hardware support for the implementation of core functions.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the above signal preprocessing unit focuses on suppressing three types of interference: high-frequency ripple of the switching power supply, transient spikes in the load, and sampling quantization noise; By using adaptive filtering and amplitude limiting to output a stable signal, interference can be avoided that could lead to misjudgment of the trend, thus providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent forecasting and control.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this system is suitable for source measurement units (SMUs), programmable power supplies, and precision electronic instruments in automated test equipment (ATE). It specifically addresses the high requirements for output accuracy, dynamic response, and energy efficiency in such scenarios, and overcomes the pain points of existing technologies through predictive adjustment and energy recovery mechanisms, thus possessing significant application advantages.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the system adopts a modular design and can be flexibly expanded to different power levels, output ranges and multi-channel VI source systems; By using digital prediction and advance adjustment mechanisms, the reliance on the high bandwidth and high precision of analog circuits is reduced, thereby decreasing design difficulty, cost, and debugging complexity, and improving system consistency and engineering applicability.

[0042] The innovation of this invention lies in the system-level predictive power rail management and energy recovery control architecture, rather than a specific mathematical model or control algorithm; any calculation relationships involved in the specification are merely illustrative implementations used to illustrate the control concept and do not constitute a limitation on this invention.

[0043] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capabilities, characterized in that: It includes a voltage detection unit, a current detection unit, a signal preprocessing unit, a trend calculation unit, a multi-dimensional trend fusion unit, a prediction timing generation unit, an adjustable power rail unit, a power rail control unit, an energy recovery management unit, a recovery execution unit, and control logic devices; in, The voltage detection unit and the current detection unit are used to acquire the voltage signal and current signal at the output terminal of the VI source in real time, respectively. The signal preprocessing unit is connected to the voltage detection unit and the current detection unit, and is used to filter, limit or perform equivalent preprocessing on the acquired voltage and current signals to obtain effective signals for trend analysis. The trend calculation unit is connected to the signal preprocessing unit and is used to calculate the changing trend information of the output voltage and / or output current based on the effective signal. The multidimensional trend fusion unit is connected to the trend calculation unit and the VI source controller. It is used to combine the changing trend information with the current output control mode and output target to perform fusion processing on the changing trend information and generate predictive control information that characterizes the direction and intensity of output change. The prediction timing generation unit is connected to the multidimensional trend fusion unit and is used to generate prediction advance timing parameters for power rail regulation based on the prediction control information, so as to limit the advance time window of power rail regulation relative to output change. The adjustable power rail unit includes a positive power rail and a negative power rail, which are used to provide adjustable power supply to the VI source power output stage. The power rail control unit is connected to the prediction timing generation unit and the adjustable power rail unit respectively. It is used to actively adjust the voltage of the positive power rail and the negative power rail within the prediction advance time window so that the power rail voltage matches the target output state before the output change occurs, and keeps the power output stage operating within the controlled voltage difference range. The energy recovery management unit is connected to the voltage detection unit, the current detection unit and the multi-dimensional trend fusion unit respectively, and is used to identify the reverse energy state and determine the corresponding energy processing strategy when the system is in the current sinking working state or when reverse energy flow is detected. The recovery execution unit is connected to the energy recovery management unit and is used to selectively guide reverse energy into the energy storage path or the dissipation path according to the energy processing strategy. The control logic device is connected to the above-mentioned units and is used to coordinate the timing relationship of output control, power rail regulation and energy recovery process, so that the system can achieve coordinated operation of output stability, power consumption control and energy recovery in the four-quadrant working state.

2. The four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loop input signal includes the current Pattern identifier, target The values ​​and their direction / rate of change provide a basis for control intent in fusion decision-making; The multidimensional trend fusion engine generates prediction results based on pattern adaptation weights; The predictor matches the pattern characteristics and outputs the lead time, and through dynamic... The adjustment module adaptively corrects itself based on historical responses; The target value for the power rail is calculated based on the mode difference.

3. A four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy recovery management unit integrates three major modules: reverse energy detection and trend analysis, energy level estimation, and recovery path decision-making. It predicts the reverse energy status by analyzing the polarity and trend of voltage and current, estimates the energy of output voltage and current within the prediction time window and classifies them into small / medium / large levels, and selects the recovery path in combination with the energy storage unit status and safety constraints.

4. A four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The recovery execution unit includes an energy storage unit and a resistive absorption unit, and it enters the sinking current quadrant in advance. The recovery path is accessed via a soft-start method to reduce the impact of sudden current changes; the energy storage unit is used for high-frequency small / medium energy recovery, and the resistive unit is activated when energy storage is unavailable, energy is out of range, or the system is abnormal, to ensure the smooth recovery process and system safety.

5. A four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system is equipped with a safety protection and backoff module, which monitors the voltage / temperature of the energy storage unit, the status of the recovery path, and voltage and current anomalies in real time. When energy storage overvoltage / overtemperature, excessive temperature rise of the recovery actuator, excessive reinjection current, or path failure is detected, it will force a switch to the resistive absorption path or limit the recovery current to avoid device damage and system crash.

6. A four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control logic device integrates a VI source loop controller and a power rail manager to coordinate the synchronous operation of power rail adjustment, output control and energy recovery path, and avoid multi-loop interference; the power output stage contains at least two controlled power devices, which are powered by positive and negative power rails respectively, to ensure four-quadrant output capability; This limitation enhances the overall controllability of the system and provides hardware support for the implementation of core functions.

7. A four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal preprocessing unit focuses on suppressing three types of interference: high-frequency ripple from the switching power supply, transient spikes in the load, and sampling quantization noise. The multi-dimensional trend fusion unit outputs four core pieces of information: predicted output change direction, power rail adjustment direction, adjustment amplitude level, and adjustment urgency indicator. Predictive and power rail control provide comprehensive decision-making support, ensuring that rail voltage regulation accurately matches output trends.

8. A four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: This system is suitable for source measurement units, programmable power supplies, and precision electronic instruments in automated test equipment.

9. A four-quadrant VI source system with dynamic rail voltage regulation and bidirectional energy recovery capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system adopts a modular design and can be flexibly expanded to different power levels, output ranges and multi-channel VI source systems.

Images