Techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping

Abstract

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for wireless communication are described. The wireless device can perform a probabilistic shaping process using a shaping rate selected according to a rule associated with a target spectral efficiency value, modulation order, or both. Similarly, the wireless device can perform a channel decoding process, the decoding rate of which is selected according to the same rule. This rule may correspond to a relationship between the decoding rate and the shaping rate. In some cases, the wireless device can select predefined values ​​for the shaping and decoding rates based on a target spectral efficiency value. In some examples, the wireless device can select the shaping and decoding rates based on a threshold decoding rate, the number of puncturing nodes used in the channel decoding process, the number of layers corresponding to multilayer transmission, or any combination thereof.

Description

Cross-references

[0001] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 509,156, filed November 14, 2023, entitled “TECHNIQUES FORCODING RATE AND SHAPING RATE SELECTION FOR PROBABILISTICSHAPING”, which is assigned to the assignee of this patent application and is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The following relates to wireless communication, including techniques for selecting decoding rates and shaping rates for probabilistic shaping. Background Technology

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, message sending and receiving, broadcasting, and so on. These systems can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth-generation (4G) systems (such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth-generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ technologies such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication of communication devices, which may be referred to as User Equipment (UE). Summary of the Invention

[0004] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, apparatuses, and devices for supporting the selection of decoding and shaping rates for probabilistic shaping. For example, the described techniques specify that a wireless device uses a shaping rate to perform a probabilistic shaping process (e.g., a probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) process), the shaping rate being selected according to a rule associated with a target spectral efficiency value, modulation order, or both. Similarly, the wireless device can use a decoding rate to perform a channel decoding process, the decoding rate being selected according to the rule. This rule may correspond to a relationship between the decoding rate and the shaping rate. For example, the wireless device may select the shaping rate and decoding rate to be the same (e.g., having an equal ratio of input bits to output bits). For a relatively low target spectral efficiency value (e.g., for a low modulation and decoding scheme (MCS) index value), the wireless device may select a shaping rate greater than the decoding rate. In some other examples, for a relatively high target spectral efficiency value (e.g., for a high MCS index value), the wireless device may select a shaping rate less than the decoding rate. In some cases, the wireless device may select predefined values ​​for the shaping rate and decoding rate based on a target spectral efficiency value (e.g., the shaping rate may be equal to one). The wireless device may select the shaping rate and decoding rate based on a threshold decoding rate (e.g., a minimum decoding rate), the number of puncturing nodes used in the channel decoding process, or both. In some cases, for multi-layer transmission (e.g., multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication), the wireless device may select the decoding rate and shaping rate based on the number of layers corresponding to the multi-layer transmission.

[0005] A method for wireless communication by a first wireless device is described. The method may include: shaping a set of information bits according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or a modulation order, or both, the shaping rate including the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process; encoding the shaped set of information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process according to a channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to the rule and based on the shaping rate, the decoding rate including the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the channel decoding process; modulating the shaped and encoded information bits output by the channel decoding process onto a constellation symbol set, the shaped and encoded information bits being modulated onto the constellation symbol set according to the modulation order; and transmitting one or more messages via the modulated constellation symbol set.

[0006] A first wireless device for wireless communication is described. The first wireless device may include: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be able to operate individually or jointly to execute the code to enable the first wireless device to: shape a set of information bits according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or a modulation order or both, the shaping rate including the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process; encode the shaped set of information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process according to a channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to the rule and based on the shaping rate, the decoding rate including the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the channel decoding process; modulate the shaped and encoded information bits output by the channel decoding process onto a constellation symbol set, the shaped and encoded information bits being modulated onto the constellation symbol set according to the modulation order; and transmit one or more messages via the modulated constellation symbol set.

[0007] Another first wireless device for wireless communication is described. The first wireless device may include: components for shaping a set of information bits according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or a modulation order, or both, the shaping rate including the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process; components for encoding the shaped set of information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process according to a channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to the rule and based on the shaping rate, the decoding rate including the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the channel decoding process; components for modulating the shaped and encoded information bits output by the channel decoding process onto a constellation symbol set, the shaped and encoded information bits being modulated onto the constellation symbol set according to the modulation order; and components for transmitting one or more messages via the modulated constellation symbol set.

[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to: shape a set of information bits according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or a modulation order, or both, the shaping rate including the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process; encode the shaped set of information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process according to a channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to the rule and based on the shaping rate, the decoding rate including the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the channel decoding process; modulate the shaped and encoded information bits output by the channel decoding process onto a constellation symbol set, the shaped and encoded information bits being modulated onto the constellation symbol set according to the modulation order; and transmit one or more messages via the modulated constellation symbol set.

[0009] The methods described herein, examples of the first wireless device, and some examples of non-transitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: identifying a threshold decoding rate based on the modulation order; and selecting the shaping rate based on the threshold decoding rate and according to the rule.

[0010] The methods described herein, examples of the first wireless device, and some examples of nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: identifying a threshold decoding rate based on at least one of the modulation order, a first number of columns of the basemap associated with information variable nodes, a second number of columns of the basemap associated with the total number of variable nodes, or a third number of columns of the basemap associated with punched variable nodes; and selecting the shaping rate based on the threshold decoding rate and according to the rule.

[0011] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the basemap includes a low-density parity-check (LDPC) basemap associated with the channel decoding process.

[0012] The methods described herein, examples of the first wireless device, and some examples of nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: selecting the decoding rate from a set of decoding rates based on the spectral efficiency value; and selecting the shaping rate based on the decoding rate and according to the rule.

[0013] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, each decoding rate in the set of decoding rates corresponds to a corresponding number of rows in the basemap associated with the channel decoding process, and may further be based on a first number of columns in the basemap associated with information variable nodes and a second number of columns in the basemap associated with punched variable nodes.

[0014] The methods described herein, examples of first wireless devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for selecting a predefined rate for the shaping rate based on one or more modulation and decoding scheme values ​​associated with the spectral efficiency value that satisfies a threshold spectral efficiency value.

[0015] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the predefined rate may be equal to one.

[0016] The methods described herein, examples of the first wireless device, and some examples of nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: selecting the decoding rate based on the spectral efficiency value and a first MCS table, wherein the first MCS table may be associated with a number of layers satisfying a threshold number of layers for transmitting the one or more messages; and selecting the shaping rate based on the decoding rate and according to the rule.

[0017] The methods described herein, examples of the first wireless device, and some examples of non-transitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: selecting the decoding rate based on the spectral efficiency value and a second MCS table, wherein the second MCS table may be associated with a number of layers less than or equal to a threshold number of layers used to transmit the one or more messages; and selecting the shaping rate based on the decoding rate and according to the rule.

[0018] The methods described herein, examples of the first wireless device, and some examples of non-transitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for selecting the decoding rate and the shaping rate based on the spectral efficiency value and according to the rule, wherein the decoding rate and the shaping rate include the same rate.

[0019] The methods described herein, examples of the first wireless device, and some examples of non-transitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for selecting the decoding rate and the shaping rate based on the modulation order and according to the rule, wherein the decoding rate and the shaping rate include different rates.

[0020] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the shaping rate may be greater than the decoding rate based on the value of the MCS.

[0021] In some examples of the methods described herein, the first wireless device, and the nontransitory computer-readable medium, the decoding rate may be greater than the shaping rate based on the value of the MCS. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system is shown that supports techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0023] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system is shown that supports techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0024] Figure 3 An example of a process flow supporting techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0025] Figure 4 and Figure 5 A block diagram of an apparatus for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0026] Figure 6 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0027] Figure 7 A diagram is shown of a system for a UE that includes techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0028] Figure 8 A diagram is shown of a system comprising a network entity including techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0029] Figures 9 to 13 A flowchart illustrating a method for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Some wireless communication systems may include wireless devices that perform channel decoding and probabilistic shaping processes (e.g., including probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) processes) to transmit one or more signals. The probabilistic shaping and channel decoding processes may have corresponding bit rates (e.g., shaping rate and decoding rate), each bit rate comprising the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of each process. The spectral efficiency of signal transmission may be proportional to the product of the decoding rate and the shaping rate. Therefore, increasing the shaping rate and / or the decoding rate can improve spectral efficiency.

[0031] However, in some wireless communication systems, techniques for efficiently selecting the shaping rate and / or decoding rate may not be defined. Furthermore, for some modulation and decoding schemes (MCS), spectral efficiency values, or modulation orders, increasing the shaping rate may have a greater impact on spectral efficiency than increasing the decoding rate. However, for other MCS, spectral efficiency values, or modulation orders, increasing the decoding rate may have a greater impact on spectral efficiency than increasing the shaping rate. Therefore, solutions are desired for efficiently selecting the values ​​of the decoding rate and shaping rate (e.g., choosing the division between the decoding rate and the shaping rate) to improve spectral efficiency.

[0032] In some specific embodiments of this disclosure, the wireless device may use a shaping rate to perform a probabilistic shaping process, the shaping rate being selected according to a rule associated with a target spectral efficiency value, modulation order, or both. Similarly, the wireless device may perform a channel decoding process, the decoding rate of which is selected according to the rule. This rule may correspond to a relationship between the decoding rate and the shaping rate. For example, the wireless device may select the shaping rate and decoding rate to be the same (e.g., having an equal ratio of input bits to output bits). For a relatively low target spectral efficiency value (e.g., for a low MCS index value), the wireless device may select a shaping rate greater than the decoding rate. For a relatively high target spectral efficiency value (e.g., for a high MCS index value), the wireless device may select a shaping rate less than the decoding rate. In some cases, the wireless device may select the shaping rate and decoding rate to predefined values ​​based on the target spectral efficiency value (e.g., the shaping rate may be equal to one). Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may select the shaping rate and decoding rate based on a threshold decoding rate (e.g., a minimum decoding rate), the number of puncturing nodes used in the channel decoding process, or both. In some cases, for multi-layer transmission, the wireless device may select the decoding rate and shaping rate based on the number of layers corresponding to the multi-layer transmission.

[0033] The various aspects of this disclosure are first described in the context of a wireless communication system. Then, these aspects are discussed with reference to encoding processes and process flows. The various aspects of this disclosure are further illustrated and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts relating to techniques for selecting decoding rates and shaping rates for probabilistic shaping.

[0034] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating under other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0035] Network entity 105 may be distributed across a geographical area to form wireless communication system 100, and may include devices employing different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, mobility element, radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, etc. In some examples, network entity 105 and UE 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, network entity 105 may support coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographical coverage area) within which UE 115 and network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. Coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographical area within which network entity 105 and UE 115 may support the transmission of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0036] UE 115 can be distributed throughout the coverage area 110 of wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile, or stationary and mobile at different times. UE 115 can be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UE 115s are illustrated herein. The UE 115 described herein can be able to support various types of devices (such as, e.g., ...). Figure 1 It communicates with other UEs (115 or network entity 105) as shown.

[0037] As described herein, nodes of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as network nodes or wireless nodes) may be network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), network controller, apparatus, device, computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be UE 115. Alternatively, a node may be network entity 105. Furthermore, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second or third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be UE 115, the second node may be network entity 105, and the third node may be UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be UE 115, the second node may be network entity 105, and the third node may be network entity 105. In other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different from these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc., may include disclosures of UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc., as nodes. For example, a disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0038] In some examples, network entity 105 may communicate with core network 130, communicate with each other, or both. For example, network entity 105 may communicate with core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130) via backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with each other via midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., according to midhaul interface protocol) or fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., according to fronthaul interface protocol) or any combination thereof. Backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, or fronthaul communication link 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, fiber optic links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc., or various combinations thereof. UE 115 can communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155.

[0039] One or more network entities in network entity 105 described herein may include or be referred to as base station 140 (e.g., transceiver base station, radio base station, NR base station, access point, radio transceiver, node B, evolved node B (eNodeB, eNB), next-generation node B or gigabit node B (any of which may be referred to as gNB), 5G NB, next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), home node B, home evolved node B, or other suitable terms). In some examples, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as base station 140).

[0040] In some examples, network entity 105 may be implemented in a decomposed architecture (e.g., a decomposed base station architecture, a decomposed RAN architecture) that can be configured to utilize protocol stacks physically or logically distributed across two or more network entities 105, such as an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) network, an Open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a Virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a Cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a Central Unit (CU) 160, a Distributed Unit (DU) 165, a Radio Unit (RU) 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near-real-time RIC, a non-real-time RIC), a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. 170 may also be referred to as a radio headend, intelligent radio headend, remote radio headend (RRH), remote radio unit (RRU), or transmit / receive point (TRP). One or more components of network entity 105 in a decomposed RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 in a decomposed RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0041] The functional splitting among CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and can support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170. For example, a protocol stack functional splitting can be used between CU 160 and DU 165, allowing CU 160 to support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and DU 165 to support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, CU 160 can host higher protocol layer (e.g., Layer 3 (L3), Layer 2 (L2)) functionalities and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)). CU 160 can connect to one or more DU 165 or RU 170, and one or more DU 165 or RU 170 can host lower protocol layers, such as Layer 1 (L1) (e.g., Physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and each can be at least partially controlled by CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a protocol stack functional split can be employed between DU 165 and RU 170, such that DU 165 can support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and RU 170 can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. DU 165 can support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RU 170). In some cases, functional decomposition between CU 160 and DU 165, or between DU 165 and RU 170, can be performed within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of the protocol layer can be performed by one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer can be performed by different of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). CU 160 can be further functionally decomposed into CU control plane (CU-CP) functions and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. CU 160 can be connected to one or more DU 165 via midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and DU 165 can be connected to one or more RU 170 via fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, the midhaul communication link 162 or the fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented based on the interfaces (e.g., channels) between the layers of the protocol stack, which are supported by the corresponding network entities 105 communicating via such communication links.

[0042] In a wireless communication system (e.g., wireless communication system 100), the infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access can support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB node 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as donor entities or IAB donors. One or more DU 165s or one or more RU 170s may be partially controlled by one or more CU 160s associated with donor network entity 105 (e.g., donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB node 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link 120). IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by a DU 165 of a coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may include a separate set of antennas for relaying communication with UE 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., those of RU 170) for access to IAB node 104 via DU 165 of IAB node 104. (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0043] In the context of applying the techniques described herein to a decomposed RAN architecture, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture can be configured to support techniques for decoding rate and shaping rate selection for probabilistic shaping as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by UE 115 or network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., IAB node 104, DU 165, CU 160, RU 170, RIC 175, SMO 180).

[0044] UE 115 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, wireless device, remote device, handheld device, or subscriber device, or some other suitable term, wherein "device" may also be referred to as a cell, station, terminal, or client, etc. UE 115 may also include or be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer, laptop computer, or personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, Internet of Things (IoT) device, Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0045] The UE 115 described herein can communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that sometimes act as relays, network entities 105, and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 As shown.

[0046] UE 115 and network entity 105 can wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term "carrier" can refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting communication link 125. For example, a carrier for communication link 125 may include a portion of the RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) operating according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling coordinating carrier operation, user data, or other signaling. Wireless communication system 100 can support communication with UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation can be used in conjunction with both frequency division duplex (FDD) component carriers and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between network entity 105 and other devices can refer to communication between these devices and any part of network entity 105 (e.g., entity, sub-entity). For example, the terms “send,” “receive,” or “communicate” when referring to network entity 105 can refer to any part of the RAN’s network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, CU160, DU 165, RU 170) communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0047] The signal waveform transmitted via a carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform extended OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM, a resource element may refer to a resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the decoding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), such that a relatively high number of resource elements (e.g., in the transmission duration) and a relatively high modulation scheme order may correspond to a relatively high communication rate. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, temporal resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0048] The time interval for network entity 105 or UE 115 can be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, such as the sampling period. seconds, of which It can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, and This can represent the supported Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size. The time interval of the communication resources can be organized according to radio frames, each with a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame can be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0049] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may (e.g., in the time domain) be divided into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix appended to each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, time slots may be further divided into multiple micro-time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., The duration of a symbol period is associated with a (number) sampling period. The duration of a symbol period can depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0050] A subframe, time slot, micro-time slot, or symbol can be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., in the time domain) and can be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the duration of the TTI (e.g., the number of symbol periods in the TTI) can be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 can be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0051] Depending on the technology, carriers can be used to multiplex physical channels for communication. One or more of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques can be used, for example, to multiplex physical control channels and physical data channels for signaling via a downlink carrier. The control region (e.g., control resource set (CORESET)) of the physical control channel can be defined by a set of symbol periods and can extend across the system bandwidth of the carrier or a subset of that bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESET) can be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs in UE 115 can monitor or search for control regions to obtain control information based on one or more search space sets, and each search space set can include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a concatenated manner. The aggregation level of control channel candidates can refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space set may include: a common search space set configured to transmit control information to multiple UEs 115, and a UE-specific search space set used to transmit control information to a specific UE 115.

[0052] In some examples, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may be mobile, and thus provide communication coverage to mobile coverage areas 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 use the same or different radio access technologies to provide coverage for various coverage areas 110.

[0053] Wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication, or various combinations thereof. For example, wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable or low-latency or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private or group communication and may be supported by one or more services, such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general business applications. The terms “ultra-reliable,” “low-latency,” and “ultra-reliable low-latency” are used interchangeably herein.

[0054] In some examples, UE 115 may be configured to support direct communication with other UE 115s via device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocols). In some examples, one or more UE 115s performing D2D communication in a group may be within the coverage area 110 of network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communication configured (e.g., scheduled by network entity 105). In some examples, one or more UE 115s in such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of network entity 105, or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from network entity 105. In some examples, the group of UE 115s communicating via D2D communication may support a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UE 115s in the group. In some examples, network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources used for D2D communication. In other examples, D2D communication may be performed between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105.

[0055] Core network 130 provides user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. Core network 130 can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a Mobility Management Entity (MME), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a Serving Gateway (S-GW), Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW), or User Plane Function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to external networks. The control plane entity manages non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) associated with core network 130. User IP packets can be delivered through the user plane entity, which provides IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may connect to one or more network operator IP services 150. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0056] Wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Generally, the area from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band or decimeter band because the wavelength range is approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which may be referred to as clusters), but these waves are sufficient to penetrate structures so that macrocells can provide service to UE 115 located indoors. Compared to communication using smaller frequencies and longer wavelengths in the lower frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz, communication using UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 km).

[0057] Wireless communication system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, wireless communication system 100 may use unlicensed frequency bands (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band) to employ Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology. When operating with unlicensed RF spectrum, devices such as network entity 105 and UE 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operation using unlicensed frequency bands may be combined with component carriers operating with licensed frequency bands based on carrier aggregation configurations (e.g., LAA). Operation using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmission, uplink transmission, P2P transmission, or D2D transmission, etc.

[0058] Network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which can support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly (such as an antenna tower). In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. Network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a collection of multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with UE 115. Similarly, UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0059] Network entity 105 or UE 115 can use MIMO communication to leverage multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. This technique is known as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals can be transmitted, for example, by a transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, the multiple signals can be received by a receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals can be referred to as a separate spatial stream and can carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers can be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include: single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device; and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0060] Beamforming (also known as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting or receiving device (e.g., network entity 105, UE 115) to shape or guide an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting and receiving devices. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals transmitted via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along a specific orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to the signals transmitted via the antenna elements may include applying amplitude shifts, phase shifts, or both to the signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device by the transmitting or receiving device. The adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a specific orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting or receiving device or relative to some other orientation).

[0061] In wireless communication system 100, wireless devices (e.g., UE 115, network entity 105) may utilize probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) (which may also be referred to as probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS), probabilistic amplitude shaping, or similar techniques) to modulate signals. For example, transmitting and receiving devices may exchange information in the form of transport blocks (TBs), where a TB may refer to a payload passed from the Media Access Control (MAC) layer to the physical layer at the transmitting device or from the physical layer to the MAC layer at the receiving device. The transmitting device (e.g., UE 115, network entity 105) may use one or more distribution matchers to modulate and encode a set of bits corresponding to (e.g., included in, assigned to) the TB before transmitting the TB (e.g., a set of modulation symbols representing the TB) to the receiving device (e.g., UE 115, network entity 105). For example, one or more distribution matchers may modulate the set of bits (e.g., k (1 input bit) is converted into the corresponding symbol sequence (e.g., 1 input bit) n (a pool of symbols), where different symbols within the possible symbol pool may have different associated selection probabilities based on a non-uniform probability distribution. For example, different symbols may correspond to different amplitudes (e.g., the symbol could be an ASK symbol), and based on the non-uniform probability distribution, some amplitudes may be more likely to be included in the symbol sequence than others.

[0062] PAS can be used in conjunction with modulation schemes such as Amplitude and Phase Shift Keying (APSK) or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) schemes, and offers advantages compared to other unshaped modulation types. For example, when using unshaped modulation, each modulation symbol in a corresponding symbol constellation is equally likely to be used, and therefore equally frequently over time. Unshaped modulation can be based on a uniform probability distribution because the probability of use is uniform across different symbols in a symbol constellation. However, when using PAS, different modulation symbols in a corresponding symbol constellation may have different probabilities of use; therefore, the probability of use may be non-uniform across different symbols in a symbol constellation. PAS can improve spectral efficiency and allow communication to approach Shannon capacity (e.g., the theoretical maximum amount of information or data that can be transmitted over a channel or medium). Additionally or alternatively, PAS can improve power consumption. For example, modulation symbols with smaller amplitudes can be used more frequently compared to modulation symbols with larger amplitudes.

[0063] Therefore, although k The input set for the unit digit can be uniformly distributed, but it is obtained through distribution matching. n The corresponding sequence of symbols can be non-uniformly distributed, with some symbols being more likely to be included than others. n In a sequence of symbols (e.g., more often appearing together with the sequence). The non-uniform symbol sequence obtained via distribution matching can be converted into a corresponding bit sequence, and the corresponding bit sequence can be used for constellation mapping (e.g., mapping to modulation symbols such as QAM symbols to implement PAS). Symbols obtained via distribution matching may, in some cases, be referred to herein as intermediate symbols or shaped symbols (e.g., the opposite of modulation symbols that can be transmitted over the air). Similarly, at the receiving device, symbols undergoing distribution dematching (which may be the inverse process of distribution matching) to obtain a corresponding bit sequence may, in some cases, be referred to herein as intermediate symbols or shaped symbols.

[0064] The techniques described in this paper can support the generation of non-uniformly distributed QAM constellations (e.g., to improve signal power efficiency). For example, PAS (also known as distribution matching) can support the generation of non-uniformly distributed QAM constellations. In some cases, distribution matching can be an example of "reverse source decoding" (e.g., converting uniformly distributed information bits into non-uniformly distributed bits or amplitudes). In some wireless communication systems, one or more devices may use a Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) distribution (e.g., by...). The MB distribution is defined as the target distribution for PAS. The MB distribution can be defined according to the symbol (e.g., at the symbol level) and can assign higher probabilities to symbols with lower power.

[0065] In some wireless communication systems 100, a wireless device (e.g., UE 115, network entity 105) may perform various processes on one or more sets of bits to transmit information. For example, the wireless device may apply a demultiplexer to the set of information bits to shape a first subset of the information bits and avoid shaping a second subset of the information bits. The wireless device may apply probabilistic shaping to shape the first subset of the information bits. In some cases, the first subset of information bits may be referred to as shaped system bits, while the second subset of information bits may be referred to as unshaped system bits. The probabilistic shaping process may include generating a non-uniformly distributed QAM constellation, which may include points representing combinations of signal modulation parameters (e.g., amplitude, frequency, flags). The non-uniformly distributed QAM constellation may be arranged to increase the probability of signaling by using parameters corresponding to points of the QAM constellation associated with relatively low amplitude values, thereby increasing the power efficiency of signal transmission.

[0066] The wireless device may also perform channel decoding procedures (e.g., system forward error correction (FEC)) to encode shaped and unshaped system bits. For example, the wireless device may generate and output a parity bit set based on the shaped and unshaped system bits. In some cases, the channel decoding procedure may output one shaped system bit for each I / Q carrier pair of the wireless device. Similarly, the channel decoding procedure may output one unshaped system bit for each I / Q carrier pair of the wireless device. In some cases, the wireless device may apply probabilistic shaping before performing the channel decoding procedure (e.g., the wireless device may apply reverse decoding / shaping concatenation). The wireless device may preserve the shaped distribution from the probabilistic shaping during the channel decoding procedure via system coding (e.g., relatively high-rate system coding).

[0067] Wireless devices can use a QAM mapper to map shaped, unshaped, and parity bits to corresponding QAM symbol parameters. For example, shaped bits can be mapped to QAM symbol amplitude, while unshaped bits (including all unshaped and parity bits) can be mapped to QAM symbol flags. Therefore, the QAM mapper can output non-uniformly distributed QAM symbols based on the shaped, unshaped, and parity bits.

[0068] There may be trade-offs regarding probabilistic shaping and channel decoding relative to spectral efficiency. For example, in unshaped modulation (e.g., a transmission process involving a uniform QAM distribution without probabilistic shaping), spectral efficiency can be proportional to the decoding rate. The decoding rate can be defined as the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the channel decoding process. For a transmission process involving a non-uniform QAM distribution, spectral efficiency can be proportional to the product of the decoding rate and the shaping rate. The shaping rate can be defined as the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process. In some cases, a modulation process involving probabilistic shaping can operate at a higher decoding rate than an unshaped modulation process (e.g., with a uniform QAM distribution) at the same spectral efficiency and the same modulation order.

[0069] In some specific embodiments of this disclosure, a wireless device (e.g., UE 115, network entity 105) may use a shaping rate to perform a probabilistic shaping process, the shaping rate being selected according to a rule associated with a target spectral efficiency value, modulation order, or both. Similarly, the wireless device may perform a channel decoding process, the decoding rate of which is selected according to the rule. This rule may correspond to a relationship between the decoding rate and the shaping rate. For example, the wireless device may select the shaping rate and decoding rate to be the same (e.g., having an equal ratio of input bits to output bits). For a relatively low target spectral efficiency value (e.g., for a low MCS index value), the wireless device may select a shaping rate greater than the decoding rate. For a relatively high target spectral efficiency value (e.g., for a high MCS index value), the wireless device may select a shaping rate less than the decoding rate. In some cases, the wireless device may select the shaping rate and decoding rate as predefined values ​​based on the target spectral efficiency value (e.g., the shaping rate may be equal to one). Wireless devices can select the shaping rate and decoding rate based on a threshold decoding rate (e.g., a minimum decoding rate), the number of puncturing nodes used in the channel decoding process, or both. In some cases, for multi-layer transmission, wireless devices can select the decoding rate and shaping rate based on the number of layers corresponding to the multi-layer transmission.

[0070] Figure 2An example of a wireless communication system 200 supporting techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. In some cases, the wireless communication system 200 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the wireless communication system 200 may include one or more devices 205 (e.g., devices 205-a and 205-b). Devices 205 may be examples of UE 115, network entity 105, or any combination thereof. Devices 205-a and 205-b may communicate via a communication link 210, which may be an example of one or more wireless communication channels. Device 205-a may send signaling 215 to device 205-b via communication link 210.

[0071] Device 205-a executes process 220, which includes one or more procedures. For example, process 220 may include probability shaping 230, channel decoding 235, modulation 240, or any combination thereof. Process 220 may take bit vector 225 as input. Each successive procedure in the one or more procedures may take the output of the previous procedure as input. For example, channel decoding 235 may receive one or more inputs, including the output of probability shaping 230. Similarly, modulation 240 may receive one or more inputs, including the output of channel decoding 235.

[0072] Device 205-a can use the following set of information bits (e.g., bit vector 225) to perform a probabilistic shaping process (e.g., probabilistic shaping 230). For example, device 205-a can perform probabilistic shaping on a first subset of information bits. Perform reshaping to generate a set of reshaping information bits. In some cases, device 205-a can avoid the need for a second subset of information bits. (This may be referred to as the set of unshaped information bits) is shaped. The PAS process can be an example of probabilistic shaping (e.g., a specific form). For example, the PAS process may include shaping the amplitude of the modulation symbols (e.g., which may be non-uniformly distributed) while avoiding shaping the flags of the modulation symbols (e.g., which may be uniformly distributed).

[0073] In some cases, device 205-a may use the set of shaped information bits output by probability shaping 230. To perform the channel decoding process (e.g., channel decoding 235). For example, device 205-a can shape the set of information bits. Encoding is performed to produce a set of integer and encoded information bits. Device 205-a can also be based on a set of integer information bits. The parity bit set can be generated from an unshaped set of information bits or both. The device 205-a can use techniques including forward error correction (FEC) decoding, low-density parity check (LDPC) codes, other error correction codes (ECC), or any combination thereof to perform channel decoding 235.

[0074] In some cases, device 205-a can use the set of shaped and coded bits output from channel decoder 235. To perform modulation 240. For example, device 205-a can shape and encode a set of information bits according to the modulation order. Modulated to constellation symbol set Device 205-a can also modulate the set of unshaped information bits and parity bits onto the constellation symbol set. A collection of constellation symbols Examples could be QAM constellation symbols. In some cases, device 205-a may use a mapper (e.g., a QAM mapper) to shape and encode a set of information bits. Mapped to a set of constellation symbols The mapper can shape and encode information bits. Unshaped information bits and parity bits are mapped to corresponding symbol parameters. Therefore, device 205-a can be configured via a constellation symbol set. One or more messages (e.g., signaling 215) are sent via communication link 210.

[0075] The probabilistic integer 230 may have an integer shaping rate. The integer shaping rate may be the input bits of the probabilistic integer 230 (e.g., ...). ) and the output bits from probability integer 230 (e.g., The ratio of ). Therefore, the ratio This can represent the shaping rate. Similarly, the channel decoder 235 can have a decoding rate. The decoding rate can be the input bits of the channel decoder 235 (e.g., ) and the output bits from channel decoder 235 (e.g., The ratio of ). Therefore, the ratio This can represent the decoding rate. In some aspects, device 205-a can handle a first subset of information bits (e.g., The unit digit is shaped, and the second subset of information bits (e.g., ...) can be avoided. (Units digit) is reshaped to make The first subset of integer information bits. and the second subset of unshaped information bits This can be input to channel decoding 235 (e.g., here, the shaping rate). It can be defined as ,in and Alternatively, the shaping rate can be defined as... (For example, representing the rate of the probability shaper, excluding unshaped bits). Device 205-a can use any definition for the shaping rate (e.g., or ) to execute process 220.

[0076] In some cases, device 205-a can select the shaping rate based on rules associated with spectral efficiency values, modulation order, or both. and decoding rate Device 205-a may be pre-configured with rules, or may receive instructions on rules from a separate wireless device (e.g., from device 205-b). The rule may be an example rule from a set of one or more rules associated with a corresponding spectral efficiency value, modulation order, or both. The rule may define the relationship between the shaping rate and the decoding rate based on a given target spectral efficiency and modulation order. For example, the rule may constrain the decoding rate to be the same as, less than, or greater than the shaping rate based on one or more values ​​(e.g., spectral efficiency value, MCS index value, modulation order, or any combination thereof).

[0077] In some examples, device 205-a can select the shaping rate and decoding rate such that the shaping rate and decoding rate are the same (e.g., For example, for a target bit-level information rate corresponding to a given spectral efficiency and modulation order. The device 205-a allows selection of shaping rate and decoding rate, enabling... Target information rate per bit It can be defined as (For example, the number of uniform information bits) With the number of integers and coding bits (ratio).

[0078] Device 205-a can select the shaping rate and decoding rate to efficiently use (e.g., maximize) the bit-interleaved decoding modulation (BICM) capacity (e.g., on an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel). For example, for lower MCS index values ​​(e.g., as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases), device 205-a can select a shaping rate greater than the decoding rate. For higher MCS index values ​​(e.g., as the SNR decreases), device 205-a can select a shaping rate less than the decoding rate. In some cases, selecting both the shaping rate and decoding rate to efficiently use the BICM capacity, compared to selecting the same rate, can improve spectral efficiency (e.g., produce a relatively small improvement). However, in some cases, selecting the same rate provides a relatively simple solution for practical use.

[0079] In some cases, for relatively small SNR values, device 205-a can select a smaller shaping rate and decoding rate compared to the rate selected for larger SNR values. However, there may be a threshold decoding rate (e.g., an inherent lower bound on the achievable decoding rate). Threshold decoding rate It can be defined as: (1) in Indicates the modulation order of each I / Q carrier pair (e.g., For quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK); For 16 QAM; For 64 QAM; For 256 QAM; For 1024 QAM; etc.).

[0080] Device 205-a can be used for a given modulation order For a target per-bit information rate corresponding to a given spectral efficiency. and for threshold decoding rate Select (e.g., assign) the shaping rate for: (2) Target information rate per bit It can be less than a threshold (e.g., as a function of modulation order). In some cases, device 205-a selects the shaping rate according to equation (2) according to the rules described herein. For example, for a specific modulation order (e.g., for 256 QAM), when At that time, device 205-a can select the decoding rate as... (For example, limiting the decoding rate to) In such examples, device 205-a may selectively (e.g., reduce) the shaping rate to achieve a corresponding bit-of-information rate corresponding to a given spectral efficiency. .

[0081] In some examples, if the LDPC code is used for channel decoding 235 (e.g., FEC), device 205-a can determine the decoding rate of the LDPC code based on the size of the parity check matrix of the LDPC code. For example, if the LDPC code includes one or more punctured variable nodes (e.g., punctured system nodes), then the threshold decoding rate of equation (1) is... It can be modified to: (3) in This indicates the number of columns in the base graph (e.g., the LDPC base graph) corresponding to the information variable nodes, and This indicates the number of columns corresponding to the punched variable nodes in the base graph. In some cases, It can be based on the number of columns corresponding to all variable nodes in the base graph. For a given base map, device 205-a can determine (e.g., calculate) the number of columns corresponding to each set of nodes (e.g., for NR base maps). Figure 1 At R=1 / 3, device 205-a can be determined. , , ).

[0082] Device 205-a can select the decoding rate based on a given target spectral efficiency. Therefore, device 205-a can select the decoding rate from a discrete set such that the result uses an integer number of rows and columns of the LDPC code's basis graph. For example, device 205-a can select the decoding rate from a discrete set: (4) in This represents the maximum number of rows in the base graph of the corresponding LDPC code. In some cases, selecting the decoding rate from the discrete set defined in equation (4) can improve the performance of channel decoding 235 and also improve the efficiency of the decoding process at device 205-b. For example, as part of the decoding process, device 205-b can perform LDPC code boosting to obtain Information bits and One decoding bit, of which This represents the boosting factor. Device 205-b can perform boosting to generate or obtain a parity check matrix. Therefore, selecting the decoding rate from the discrete set defined in Equation 4 can ensure that the number of rows and columns in the parity check matrix is ​​[value missing]. The number of coded bits is an integer multiple of the base map, thereby avoiding situations where the number of rows or columns associated with the base map is a non-integer number, thus improving performance and efficiency. In addition, selecting the decoding rate according to Equation (4) can improve other aspects of signal processing (for example, for comparison, some QAM systems may determine the decoding rate based solely on the target spectral efficiency (channel SNR)).

[0083] Device 205-a can select the shaping rate, decoding rate, or both as a corresponding predefined rate. For example, device 205-a can select the shaping rate as a predefined rate equal to one (e.g., such that the output bits of probability shaping 230...). The input bits can be equal to the probability integer 2^30. , or In some cases, when the shaping rate is selected to a predefined rate equal to one (1), device 205-a may avoid performing probabilistic shaping 230 (e.g., device 205-a may “turn off” probabilistic shaping). When the shaping rate is selected to At that time, device 205-a can select the decoding rate as equal to the bit information rate corresponding to a given spectral efficiency. (For example, In some cases, the spectral efficiency can reach the threshold (e.g., maximum) per-bit information rate provided by modulation. (For example, For each IQ modulation order In such cases, the target (e.g., optimal) decoding rate may be greater than the target shaping rate (e.g., in some examples, the target decoding rate may saturate rapidly). Therefore, for some MCS index values ​​(e.g., for relatively high or "peak" MCS index values, or MCS index values ​​that produce relatively large spectral efficiency in the MCS table), device 205-a can select the shaping rate and decoding rate such that... and As described in this article.

[0084] In some cases, device 205-a can select the shaping rate and decoding rate based on one or more MCS tables. Transmissions involving AWGN channels and MIMO channels can correspond to unique target decoding rates and target shaping rates. For example, for AWGN channel transmissions, device 205-a can select the shaping rate and decoding rate as described herein (e.g., based on the relationship between the shaping rate and decoding rate, a threshold based on the decoding rate, according to a discrete set, etc.).

[0085] For MIMO channel transmission, device 205-a can select the shaping rate and decoding rate based on the number of layers in the MIMO channel transmission (e.g., to reduce interference between different layers). For example, compared to AWGN channel transmission with similar target spectral efficiency, the device can select a lower shaping rate and a higher decoding rate for MIMO channel transmission (e.g., to achieve the same or similar per-layer spectral efficiency). Therefore, device 205-a can select the shaping rate and decoding rate based on one or more MCS table designs that take into account the number of layers in the MIMO transmission. Specifically, device 205-a can select the rate based on MCS tables in the MCS table set (e.g., selecting the division between decoding rate and shaping rate). Each MCS table in the MCS table set can have a unique design and can map spectral efficiency values, MCS index values, modulation order, number of multi-layer (e.g., MIMO) transmission layers, or any combination thereof, to decoding rate, shaping rate, or both.

[0086] In some cases, device 205-a may select the MCS table to use based on the number of layers in the MIMO channel transmission (e.g., as a function of the number of layers in the MIMO channel transmission). For example, MCS table 1 may be suitable for cases where the number of layers is less than or equal to a layer number threshold, while MCS table 2 may be suitable for cases where the number of layers is greater than the layer number threshold. For instance, a first MCS table design for relatively high multi-layer transmission (e.g., with a relatively high number of layers) may map a target spectral efficiency to a decoding rate greater than the corresponding decoding rate mapped to the same target spectral efficiency by a second MCS table design for relatively low multi-layer transmission. The threshold number of layers may correspond to the number of layers in a single-layer or multi-layer transmission. In some cases, the threshold number of layers may be quanta one (e.g., one layer). In such cases, device 205-a may select one MCS table for single-layer transmission and another MCS table for transmissions associated with more than one layer. Therefore, for multi-layer transmissions with a number of layers exceeding the threshold number (e.g., within a single codeword), device 205-a can select a first decoding rate based on a selected MCS table, and for multi-layer transmissions with a number of layers equal to or less than the threshold number, device 205-a can select a second decoding rate based on the selected MCS table. For the same target per-layer spectral efficiency, the first decoding rate can be greater than the second decoding rate. Similarly, for multi-layer transmissions with a number of layers exceeding the threshold number, device 205-a can select a first shaping rate, and for multi-layer transmissions with a number of layers equal to or less than the threshold number, device 205-a can select a second shaping rate. For the same target per-layer spectral efficiency, the first shaping rate can be less than the second shaping rate.

[0087] Figure 3 An example of a process flow 300 supporting techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Process flow 300 includes a first device 305-a and a second device 305-b. The first wireless device 305-a and the second wireless device 305-b may be as follows relative to… Figure 1 and Figure 2 Examples of the corresponding devices described (e.g., one or more UEs 115 or one or more network entities 105). In the following description of process flow 300, operations between the first device 305-a and the second device 305-b may be performed or transmitted in a different order than the example order shown. Some operations may also be omitted from process flow 300, and other operations may be added to process flow 300. Furthermore, although some operations or signaling are shown to occur at different times for discussion purposes, these operations may actually occur simultaneously.

[0088] At 310, device 305-a may select the decoding rate of the channel decoding process, the shaping rate of the probability shaping process, or both, based on (e.g., according to) rules associated with a spectral efficiency value or modulation order, or both. In some cases, device 305-a may receive instructions on rules from a separate device (e.g., device 305-b or network entity 105). Device 305-a may be pre-configured with a set of one or more rules (including at least the aforementioned rules). In some cases, the device may select a rule from a set of one or more rules based on one or more instructions from a second device. The device may also select a rule based on one or more channel conditions.

[0089] In some cases, this rule can indicate a mapping or relationship between a set of threshold decoding rates and a set of modulation orders. For example, device 305-a can identify the threshold decoding rate based on the modulation order associated with the rule. Device 305-a can select the shaping rate based on the threshold decoding rate and according to the rule.

[0090] In some cases, this rule can indicate a mapping or relationship between the set of threshold decoding rates, the set of modulation orders, and the set of column counts in the basemap. The basemap can be an example of an LDPC basemap associated with the channel decoding process. Device 305-a can identify the threshold decoding rate based on one or more of the following: the modulation order, a first number of columns in the basemap associated with information variable nodes, a second number of columns in the basemap associated with the total number of variable nodes, or a third number of columns in the basemap associated with punctured variable nodes. Device 305-a can select the shaping rate based on the threshold decoding rate and according to this rule.

[0091] In some cases, this rule can indicate a mapping or relationship between a set of decoding rates and a set of spectral efficiency values. Each decoding rate in the set of decoding rates can correspond to a corresponding number of rows in the basemap associated with the channel decoding process. Furthermore, each decoding rate in the set of decoding rates can be based on a first number of columns in the basemap associated with information variable nodes and a second number of columns in the basemap associated with punctured variable nodes. Device 305-a can select a decoding rate from the set of decoding rates based on the spectral efficiency values ​​associated with this rule. Device 305-a can select a shaping rate based on the decoding rate and according to the rule.

[0092] In some cases, the rule may indicate a predefined rate for the decoding rate, the shaping rate, or both. For example, device 305-a may select a predefined rate for the shaping rate based on one or more MCS values ​​(e.g., MCS index values) associated with a spectral efficiency value that satisfies a threshold spectral efficiency value. For example, the predefined rate may be equal to one (e.g., the input bits of a probabilistic shaping process may be equal to the output bits of a probabilistic shaping process).

[0093] This rule can be associated with one or more spectral efficiency values ​​and an MCS table. For example, in some cases, device 305-a can select the decoding rate based on the spectral efficiency value and a first MCS table. The first MCS table can be associated with a number of layers that satisfies a threshold number of layers for transmitting one or more messages (e.g., in MIMO transmission). In such cases, device 305-a can select the shaping rate based on the decoding rate and according to the rule. In some cases, device 305-a can select the decoding rate based on the spectral efficiency value and a second MCS table. The second MCS table can be associated with a number of layers less than or equal to a threshold number of layers for transmitting one or more messages. In other words, device 305-a can use the first MCS table based on the number of layers in its transmission that are greater than the threshold number of layers. Similarly, device 305-a can use the second MCS table based on the number of layers in its transmission that are less than or equal to the threshold number of layers.

[0094] This rule indicates the relationship between the decoding rate and the shaping rate. In some cases, device 305-a can select the decoding rate and shaping rate based on the spectral efficiency value and according to this rule. In such cases, the decoding rate and shaping rate may have the same rate (e.g., the rates may be equal). In some cases, device 305-a can select the decoding rate and shaping rate based on the modulation order and according to this rule. In such cases, the decoding rate and shaping rate may have different rates. Based on the MCS value (e.g., the MCS index value), the shaping rate may be greater than the decoding rate. Based on the MCS value, the decoding rate may be greater than the shaping rate. For example, device 305-a can select a shaping rate greater than the decoding rate based on an MCS value below a threshold. Similarly, device 305-a can select a decoding rate greater than the shaping rate based on an MCS value above a threshold.

[0095] At 315, device 305-a may perform a probabilistic shaping process. For example, device 305-a may shape a set of information bits according to the probabilistic shaping process. As described herein, device 305-a may select the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or modulation order, or both. The shaping rate may be an example of the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process, or may include the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process. The PAS process may be an example of probabilistic shaping (e.g., a particular form). In some cases, the PAS process may include shaping the amplitude of modulation symbols (e.g., non-uniformly distributed) while avoiding shaping the flags of modulation symbols (e.g., uniformly distributed).

[0096] At 320, device 305-a can perform a channel decoding process. For example, device 305-a can encode the set of shaped information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process according to the channel decoding process. As described herein, device 305-a can select the decoding rate of the channel decoding process according to this rule and based on the shaping rate. The decoding rate can be an example of the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the channel decoding process, or may include the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the channel decoding process.

[0097] At position 325, device 305-a can perform a modulation process. For example, device 305-a can modulate the shaped and encoded information bits output from the channel decoding process onto a constellation symbol set. Device 305-a can modulate the shaped and encoded information bits onto the constellation symbol set according to the modulation order described herein.

[0098] At 330, device 305-a can transmit one or more messages to device 305-b via a modulated constellation symbol set. Device 305-a can transmit one or more messages via a MIMO channel or an AWGN channel. As described herein, device 305-a can select the decoding rate and shaping rate based on the number of layers transmitted via the MIMO channel.

[0099] Figure 4 A block diagram 400 illustrates a device 405 supporting techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. Device 405 may be an example of aspects of the wireless devices described herein (e.g., UE 115, network entity 105). Device 405 may include a receiver 410, a transmitter 415, and a communication manager 420. Device 405, or one or more components of device 405 (e.g., receiver 410, transmitter 415, and communication manager 420), may include at least one processor coupled to at least one memory to individually or jointly support or implement the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0100] Receiver 410 may provide components for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, control channels, and data channels associated with techniques for selecting decoding rates and shaping rates for probability shaping). The information may be passed to other components of device 405. Receiver 410 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0101] Transmitter 415 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 405. For example, transmitter 415 may transmit information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, etc., related to techniques for selecting decoding and shaping rates for probability shaping). In some examples, transmitter 415 may be co-located with receiver 410 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 415 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0102] The communication manager 420, receiver 410, transmitter 415, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of components for performing various aspects of the techniques described herein for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping. For example, the communication manager 420, receiver 410, transmitter 415, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may be able to perform one or more of the functions described herein.

[0103] In some examples, the communication manager 420, receiver 410, transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communication management circuitry). The hardware may include at least one of the following: a processor, digital signal processor (DSP), central processing unit (CPU), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic component, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, configured as or otherwise individually or collectively to support components for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to said at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., instructions stored in at least one memory are executed individually or collectively by one or more processors).

[0104] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 420, receiver 410, transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communication management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor. If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functionality of the communication manager 420, receiver 410, transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise individually or jointly to support components for performing the functions described in this disclosure).

[0105] In some examples, the communication manager 420 may be configured to use a receiver 410, a transmitter 415, or both, or otherwise cooperate with them to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, the communication manager 420 may receive information from the receiver 410, transmit information to the transmitter 415, or integrate with the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0106] Communication manager 420 may support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. For example, communication manager 420 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for shaping a set of information bits according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or a modulation order, or both, and the shaping rate includes the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process. Communication manager 420 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for encoding the shaped set of information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process according to a channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to a rule and based on the shaping rate, and the decoding rate includes the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the channel decoding process. Communication manager 420 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for modulating the shaped and encoded information bits output by the channel decoding process onto a set of constellation symbols, the shaped and encoded information bits being modulated onto the set of constellation symbols according to a modulation order. The communication manager 420 is capable of, can be configured to, or is operable to support components for sending one or more messages via a set of modulated constellation symbols.

[0107] By including or configuring a communication manager 420 according to an example as described herein, device 405 (e.g., controlling receiver 410, transmitter 415, communication manager 420, or a combination thereof, or at least one processor otherwise coupled to them) can support techniques for selecting decoding and shaping rates for probabilistic shaping according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, which can lead to reduced processing, lower power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, and other advantages. Furthermore, the techniques described herein can provide improved spectral efficiency for communication channels.

[0108] Figure 5A block diagram 500 of a device 505 supporting techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 505 may be an example of aspects of device 405, a wireless device, UE 115, or network entity 105 as described herein. Device 505 may include a receiver 510, a transmitter 515, and a communication manager 520. Device 505, or one or more components of device 505 (e.g., receiver 510, transmitter 515, and communication manager 520), may include at least one processor coupled to at least one memory to support the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0109] Receiver 510 may provide components for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, control channels, and data channels associated with techniques for selecting decoding rates and shaping rates for probability shaping). The information may be passed to other components of device 505. Receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0110] Transmitter 515 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 505. For example, transmitter 515 may transmit information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, etc., related to techniques for selecting decoding and shaping rates for probability shaping). In some examples, transmitter 515 may be co-located with receiver 510 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 515 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0111] Device 505 or its various components may be examples of various aspects of components used to perform techniques for selecting decoding and shaping rates for probabilistic shaping as described herein. For example, communication manager 520 may include shaper component 525, encoder component 530, modulation component 535, communication component 540, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 520 may be examples of aspects of communication manager 420 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 520 or its various components may be configured to use receiver 510, transmitter 515, or both, or otherwise cooperate with them to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, communication manager 520 may receive information from receiver 510, transmit information to transmitter 515, or be integrated in combination with receiver 510, transmitter 515, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0112] Communication manager 520 can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. Shaper component 525 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for shaping a set of information bits according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or a modulation order, or both, the shaping rate including the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process. Encoder component 530 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for encoding a set of shaped information bits output by a probabilistic shaping process according to a channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to a rule and based on the shaping rate, the decoding rate including the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the channel decoding process. Modulation component 535 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for modulating the shaped and encoded information bits output by the channel decoding process onto a set of constellation symbols, the shaped and encoded information bits being modulated onto the set of constellation symbols according to a modulation order. The communication component 540 is capable of being configured or operated to support components for transmitting one or more messages via a modulated constellation symbol set.

[0113] Figure 6 A block diagram 600 of a communication manager 620 supporting techniques for selecting decoding and shaping rates for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. The communication manager 620 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 420, communication manager 520, or both as described herein. The communication manager 620 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of the techniques for selecting decoding and shaping rates for probabilistic shaping, as described herein. For example, the communication manager 620 may include a shaper component 625, an encoder component 630, a modulation component 635, a communication component 640, a rate identification component 645, a rate selection component 650, or any combination thereof. These components, or each of their components or sub-components (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories), may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses), and such communication may include communication within protocol layers of the protocol stack, communication associated with logical channels of the protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of the protocol stack, within devices, components, or virtualization components associated with network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualization components associated with network entity 105), or any combination thereof.

[0114] Communication manager 620 can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. Shaper component 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for shaping a set of information bits according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or a modulation order, or both, the shaping rate including the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process. Encoder component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for encoding a set of shaped information bits output by a probabilistic shaping process according to a channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to a rule and based on the shaping rate, the decoding rate including the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the channel decoding process. Modulation component 635 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for modulating the shaped and encoded information bits output by the channel decoding process onto a set of constellation symbols, the shaped and encoded information bits being modulated onto the set of constellation symbols according to a modulation order. The communication component 640 is capable of being configured or operated to support components for transmitting one or more messages via a modulated constellation symbol set.

[0115] In some examples, the rate identification component 645 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for identifying the threshold decoding rate based on the modulation order. In some examples, the rate selection component 650 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for selecting the shaping rate based on the threshold decoding rate and according to rules.

[0116] In some examples, the rate identification component 645 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for identifying the threshold decoding rate based on at least one of the following: modulation order, a first number of columns in the basemap associated with information variable nodes, a second number of columns in the basemap associated with the total number of variable nodes, or a third number of columns in the basemap associated with punctured variable nodes. In some examples, the rate selection component 650 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for selecting a shaping rate based on the threshold decoding rate and according to rules. In some examples, the basemap includes an LDPC basemap associated with the channel decoding process.

[0117] In some examples, the rate selection component 650 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for selecting a decoding rate from a set of decoding rates based on a spectral efficiency value. In some examples, the rate selection component 650 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for selecting a shaping rate based on the decoding rate and according to rules.

[0118] In some examples, each decoding rate in the decoding rate set corresponds to a corresponding number of rows in the basemap associated with the channel decoding process, and is further based on a first number of columns in the basemap associated with information variable nodes and a second number of columns in the basemap associated with punched variable nodes.

[0119] In some examples, the rate selection component 650 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a component for selecting a predefined rate for the shaping rate based on one or more MCS values ​​associated with a spectral efficiency value that satisfies a threshold spectral efficiency value. In some examples, the predefined rate is equal to one.

[0120] In some examples, the rate selection component 650 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for selecting the decoding rate based on a spectral efficiency value and a first MCS table, wherein the first MCS table is associated with a number of layers satisfying a threshold number of layers for transmitting one or more messages. In some examples, the rate selection component 650 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for selecting the shaping rate based on the decoding rate and according to rules.

[0121] In some examples, the rate selection component 650 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for selecting the decoding rate based on a spectral efficiency value and a second MCS table, wherein the second MCS table is associated with a number of layers less than or equal to a threshold number of layers used to transmit one or more messages. In some examples, the rate selection component 650 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for selecting the shaping rate based on the decoding rate and according to rules.

[0122] In some examples, the rate selection component 650 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support components for selecting the decoding rate and shaping rate based on spectral efficiency values ​​and according to rules, wherein the decoding rate and shaping rate include the same rate.

[0123] In some examples, the rate selection component 650 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for selecting the decoding rate and shaping rate based on the modulation order and according to rules, wherein the decoding rate and shaping rate include different rates. In some examples, the shaping rate is greater than the decoding rate based on the value of the MCS. In some examples, the decoding rate is greater than the shaping rate based on the value of the MCS.

[0124] Figure 7A diagram of a system 700 including a device 705 supporting techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 705 may be an example of device 405, device 505, a wireless device, or UE 115 as described herein, or a component including such devices. Device 705 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof (e.g., wirelessly). Device 705 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 720, an input / output (I / O) controller 710, a transceiver 715, an antenna 725, at least one memory 730, code 735, and at least one processor 740. These components may communicate electronically or otherwise (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 745).

[0125] I / O controller 710 manages the input and output signals of device 705. I / O controller 710 can also manage peripheral devices not integrated into device 705. In some cases, I / O controller 710 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 710 may utilize an operating system such as iOS. ® ANDROID ® MS-DOS ® MS-WINDOWS ® OS / 2 ® UNIX ® LINUX ® Alternatively, the I / O controller 710 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 710 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as at least one processor 740. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 705 via the I / O controller 710 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 710.

[0126] In some cases, device 705 may include a single antenna 725. However, in other cases, device 705 may have more than one antenna 725, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. Transceiver 715 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 725, a wired or wireless link as described herein. For example, transceiver 715 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 715 may also include a modem for: modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 725 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 725. Transceiver 715, or transceiver 715 and one or more antennas 725, may be an example of transmitter 415, transmitter 515, receiver 410, receiver 510, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein.

[0127] At least one memory 730 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). At least one memory 730 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 735, including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor 740, cause device 705 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 735 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 735 may not be directly executable by at least one processor 740, but may enable a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, among other things, at least one memory 730 may also include a basic I / O system (BIOS) that controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0128] At least one processor 740 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, at least one processor 740 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into at least one processor 740. At least one processor 740 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., at least one memory 730) to cause device 705 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping). For example, device 705 or components of device 705 may include at least one processor 740 and at least one memory 730 coupled to or coupled to at least one processor 740, wherein at least one processor 740 and at least one memory 730 are configured to perform the various functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor 740 may include multiple processors, and at least one memory 730 may include multiple memories. One or more of a plurality of processors may be coupled to one or more of a plurality of memories, which may be configured individually or collectively to perform the various functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor 740 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system of machines, circuits (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include at least one processor 740) and memory circuitry (which may include at least one memory 730)) or components that receive or obtain input and process such input to produce, generate, or obtain output. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Thus, at least one processor 740 or a processing system including at least one processor 740 may be configured, capable of being configured, or operable to cause device 705 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Furthermore, as described herein, “configured to,” “capable of being configured,” and “operable to” are used interchangeably and may be associated with the ability to perform one or more of the functions described herein when executing code stored in at least one memory 730 or otherwise.

[0129] The communication manager 720 can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 720 can, is configured to, or is operable to support components for shaping a set of information bits according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or a modulation order, or both, and the shaping rate includes the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process. The communication manager 720 can, is configured to, or is operable to support components for encoding the shaped set of information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process according to a channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to a rule and based on the shaping rate, and the decoding rate includes the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the channel decoding process. The communication manager 720 can, is configured to, or is operable to support components for modulating the shaped and encoded information bits output by the channel decoding process onto a constellation symbol set, the shaped and encoded information bits being modulated onto the constellation symbol set according to a modulation order. The communication manager 720 is capable of, can be configured to, or is operable to support components for sending one or more messages via a set of modulated constellation symbols.

[0130] By including or configuring a communication manager 720 according to an example as described herein, device 705 can support techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. These techniques can lead to improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved performance of wireless devices associated with reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient use of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, longer battery life, and improved utilization of processing power, among other benefits. Furthermore, the techniques described herein can improve the spectral efficiency of communication channels.

[0131] In some examples, the communication manager 720 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using a transceiver 715, one or more antennas 725, or any combination thereof, or otherwise cooperating with them. Although the communication manager 720 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 720 may be supported or performed by at least one processor 740, at least one memory 730, code 735, or any combination thereof. For example, code 735 may include instructions that can be executed by at least one processor 740 to cause device 705 to perform various aspects of the techniques described herein for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, or at least one processor 740 and at least one memory 730 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations individually or jointly.

[0132] Figure 8A diagram of a system 800 including a device 805 supporting techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 805 may be an example of device 405, device 505, wireless device, or network entity 105 as described herein, or a component including such devices. Device 805 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, and this communication may include communication via one or more wired interfaces, one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. Device 805 may include components supporting output and obtaining communication, such as a communication manager 820, a transceiver 810, an antenna 815, at least one memory 825, code 830, and at least one processor 835. These components may communicate electronically or otherwise (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 840).

[0133] Transceiver 810 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both, as described herein. In some examples, transceiver 810 may include a wired transceiver and be capable of bidirectional communication with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, transceiver 810 may include a wireless transceiver and be capable of bidirectional communication with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, device 805 may include one or more antennas 815 that are capable of (e.g., concurrently) transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions. Transceiver 810 may also include a modem for: modulating a signal; providing the modulated signal for (e.g., by one or more antennas 815, by a wired transmitter); receiving the modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 815, from a wired receiver); and demodulating the signal. In some embodiments, transceiver 810 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 815 configured to support various receive or acquire operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 815 configured to support various transmit or output operations, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, transceiver 810 may include one or more processors or one or more memory components, or be configured to couple to said one or more processors or one or more memory components, which are operable to perform or support operations based on received or acquired information or signals, or generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, transceiver 810, or transceiver 810 and one or more antennas 815, or transceiver 810 and one or more antennas 815 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., at least one processor 835, at least one memory 825, or both), may be included in a chip or chip assembly mounted in device 805. In some examples, transceiver 810 may be able to operate to support communication via one or more communication links (e.g., communication link 125, backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, fronthaul communication link 168).

[0134] At least one memory 825 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. At least one memory 825 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 830 including instructions that, when executed by one or more of at least one processor 835, cause device 805 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 830 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 830 may not be directly executable by a processor in at least one processor 835, but may enable a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, at least one memory 825 may also include a BIOS, among other things, that controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, at least one processor 835 may include multiple processors, and at least one memory 825 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled to one or more of the multiple memories, which may be configured individually or collectively to perform the various functions described herein (e.g., as part of a processing system).

[0135] At least one processor 835 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, ASICs, CPUs, FPGAs, microcontrollers, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic units, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, at least one processor 835 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 835. At least one processor 835 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., one or more memories in at least one memory 825) to cause device 805 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping). For example, device 805 or components of device 805 may include at least one processor 835 and at least one memory 825 coupled to one or more of the at least one processor 835, the at least one processor 835 and the at least one memory 825 being configured to perform the various functions described herein. At least one processor 835 may be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as an operating system, virtual machine, or container instance) that can (e.g., by executing code 830) host functions for performing the functions of device 805. At least one processor 835 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in device 805 (such as within one or more memories of at least one memory 825). In some examples, at least one processor 835 may include multiple processors, and at least one memory 825 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled to one or more of the multiple memories, which may be configured individually or collectively to perform the various functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor 835 may be a component of a processing system, which can refer to a system of machines, circuits (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include at least one processor 835) and memory circuitry (which may include at least one memory 825)) or components that receive or obtain input and process such input to produce, generate, or obtain output. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Therefore, at least one processor 835 or a processing system including at least one processor 835 may be configured, configured to, or operated to cause the device 805 to perform one or more of the functions described herein.Furthermore, as described herein, “configured to,” “capable of being configured to,” and “capable of operating to” are used interchangeably and may be associated with the ability to perform one or more of the functions described herein when executing code stored in at least one memory 825 or otherwise.

[0136] In some examples, bus 840 may support communication at the protocol layer of the protocol stack (e.g., within a protocol layer). In some examples, bus 840 may support communication associated with logical channels of the protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of the protocol stack), which may include communication performed within components of device 805, or communication performed between different components of device 805 that are co-addressable or may be located in different locations (e.g., where device 805 may refer to a system in which one or more of communication manager 820, transceiver 810, at least one memory 825, code 830 and at least one processor 835 may be located in one component of different components or partitioned between different components).

[0137] In some examples, the communication manager 820 can manage (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) various aspects of communication with the core network 130. For example, the communication manager 820 can manage the delivery of data communications by client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communication manager 820 can manage communication with other network entities 105 and may include a controller or scheduler for cooperating with other network entities 105 to control communication with UE 115. In some examples, the communication manager 820 may support the X2 interface within LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.

[0138] The communication manager 820 can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 820 can, is configured to, or is operable to support components for shaping a set of information bits according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or a modulation order, or both, and the shaping rate includes the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process. The communication manager 820 can, is configured to, or is operable to support components for encoding the shaped set of information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process according to a channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to a rule and based on the shaping rate, and the decoding rate includes the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the channel decoding process. The communication manager 820 can, is configured to, or is operable to support components for modulating the shaped and encoded information bits output by the channel decoding process onto a constellation symbol set, the shaped and encoded information bits being modulated onto the constellation symbol set according to a modulation order. The communication manager 820 is capable of, can be configured to, or is operable to support components for sending one or more messages via a set of modulated constellation symbols.

[0139] By including or configuring a communication manager 820 according to an example as described herein, device 805 may support techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. These techniques can lead to improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved performance of wireless devices associated with reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient use of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, longer battery life, and improved utilization of processing power, among other benefits. Furthermore, the techniques described herein can improve the spectral efficiency of communication channels.

[0140] In some examples, the communication manager 820 may be configured to use or otherwise coordinate with the transceiver 810, one or more antennas 815 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). Although the communication manager 820 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 820 may be supported or performed by the transceiver 810, one or more processors in at least one processor 835, one or more memories in at least one memory 825, code 830, or any combination thereof (e.g., by a processing system including at least a portion of at least one processor 835, at least one memory 825, code 830, or any combination thereof). For example, code 830 may include instructions that can be executed by one or more processors in at least one processor 835 to cause the device 805 to perform various aspects of the techniques described herein for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, or at least one processor 835 and at least one memory 825 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations individually or jointly.

[0141] Figure 9 A flowchart illustrating a method 900 supporting techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 900 may be implemented by a wireless device (e.g., a UE, a network entity) or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 900 may be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 8 The described UE 115 or network entity performs this function. In some examples, the wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0142] At 905, the method may include shaping the set of information bits according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or a modulation order, or both, and the shaping rate includes the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process. The operation of 905 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 905 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 6 The described shaper component 625 performs this action.

[0143] At 910, the method encodes the set of shaped information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process according to the channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to rules and based on the shaping rate, which includes the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the channel decoding process. The operation of 910 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 910 can be derived from references... Figure 6 The encoder component 630 described herein is used to perform this action.

[0144] At 915, the method may include modulating shaped and encoded information bits output from the channel decoding process onto a constellation symbol set, the shaped and encoded information bits being modulated onto the constellation symbol set according to a modulation order. The operation of 915 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 915 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The modulation component 635 described herein is used to perform this action.

[0145] At 920, the method may include sending one or more messages via a modulated set of constellation symbols. The operation of 920 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 920 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The described communication component 640 is used to perform this.

[0146] Figure 10 A flowchart illustrating a method 1000 supporting techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 1000 may be implemented by a wireless device (e.g., a UE, a network entity) or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1000 may be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 8 The described UE 115 or network entity performs this function. In some examples, the wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0147] At 1005, the method may include identifying the threshold decoding rate based on the modulation order. The operation of 1005 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1005 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The described rate identification component 645 is used to perform this.

[0148] At 1010, the method may include selecting a shaping rate based on a threshold decoding rate and according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or modulation order, or both. The operation of 1010 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1010 may be derived from references... Figure 6The described rate selection component 650 is used to perform this.

[0149] At 1015, the method may include shaping the set of information bits according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule comprising the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process. The operation at 1015 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation at 1015 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 6 The described shaper component 625 performs this action.

[0150] At 1020, the method encodes the set of shaped information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process according to the channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to rules and based on the shaping rate, which includes the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the channel decoding process. The operation of 1020 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1020 can be derived from references... Figure 6 The encoder component 630 described herein is used to perform this action.

[0151] At 1025, the method may include modulating shaped and encoded information bits output from the channel decoding process onto a constellation symbol set, the shaped and encoded information bits being modulated onto the constellation symbol set according to a modulation order. The operation at 1025 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation at 1025 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The modulation component 635 described herein is used to perform this action.

[0152] At 1030, the method may include sending one or more messages via a modulated set of constellation symbols. The operation of 1030 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1030 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The described communication component 640 is used to perform this.

[0153] Figure 11 A flowchart illustrating a method 1100 for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 1100 may be implemented by a wireless device (e.g., a UE, a network entity) or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1100 may be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 8 The described UE 115 or network entity performs this function. In some examples, the wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0154] At 1105, the method may include selecting a decoding rate from a set of decoding rates based on a spectral efficiency value. The operation of 1105 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1105 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The described rate selection component 650 is used to perform this.

[0155] At 1110, the method may include selecting the shaping rate based on the decoding rate and according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or modulation order, or both. The operation of 1110 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1110 may be determined by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 6 The described rate selection component 650 is used to perform this.

[0156] At 1115, the method may include shaping the set of information bits according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule comprising the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process. The operation at 1115 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation at 1115 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The described shaper component 625 performs this action.

[0157] At 1120, the method encodes the set of shaped information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process according to the channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to rules and based on the shaping rate, which includes the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the channel decoding process. The operation of 1120 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1120 can be derived from references... Figure 6 The encoder component 630 described herein is used to perform this action.

[0158] At 1125, the method may include modulating shaped and encoded information bits output from the channel decoding process onto a constellation symbol set, the shaped and encoded information bits being modulated onto the constellation symbol set according to a modulation order. The operation at 1125 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation at 1125 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The modulation component 635 described herein is used to perform this action.

[0159] At 1130, the method may include sending one or more messages via a modulated set of constellation symbols. The operation of 1130 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1130 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The described communication component 640 is used to perform this.

[0160] Figure 12A flowchart illustrating a method 1200 for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 1200 may be implemented by a wireless device (e.g., a UE, a network entity) or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1200 may be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 8 The described UE 115 or network entity performs this function. In some examples, the wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0161] At 1205, the method may include selecting a predefined rate for the shaping rate based on one or more MCS values ​​associated with a spectral efficiency value that satisfies a threshold spectral efficiency value. The operation of 1205 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1205 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The described rate selection component 650 is used to perform this.

[0162] At 1210, the method may include shaping the set of information bits according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or a modulation order, or both, and the shaping rate includes the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process. The operation of 1210 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1210 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 6 The described shaper component 625 performs this action.

[0163] At 1215, the method encodes the set of shaped information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process according to the channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to rules and based on the shaping rate, which includes the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the channel decoding process. The operation of 1215 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1215 can be derived from references... Figure 6 The encoder component 630 described herein is used to perform this action.

[0164] At 1220, the method may include modulating shaped and encoded information bits output from the channel decoding process onto a constellation symbol set, the shaped and encoded information bits being modulated onto the constellation symbol set according to a modulation order. The operation of 1220 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1220 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The modulation component 635 described herein is used to perform this action.

[0165] At 1225, the method may include sending one or more messages via a modulated set of constellation symbols. The operation of 1225 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1225 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The described communication component 640 is used to perform this.

[0166] Figure 13 A flowchart illustrating a method 1300 supporting techniques for selecting decoding rate and shaping rate for probabilistic shaping, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 1300 may be implemented by a wireless device (e.g., a UE, a network entity) or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1300 may be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 8 The described UE 115 or network entity performs this function. In some examples, the wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0167] At 1305, the method may include selecting a decoding rate based on a spectral efficiency value and a first MCS table, wherein the first MCS table is associated with a number of layers satisfying a threshold number of layers for sending one or more messages. The operation of 1305 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1305 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The described rate selection component 650 is used to perform this.

[0168] At 1310, the method may include selecting the shaping rate based on the decoding rate and according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or modulation order, or both. The operation of 1310 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1310 may be determined by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 6 The described rate selection component 650 is used to perform this.

[0169] At 1315, the method may include shaping the set of information bits according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule comprising the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process. The operation at 1315 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation at 1315 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The described shaper component 625 performs this action.

[0170] At 1320, the method encodes the set of shaped information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process according to the channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to rules and based on the shaping rate, which includes the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the channel decoding process. The operation at 1320 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation at 1320 can be derived from references... Figure 6 The encoder component 630 described herein is used to perform this action.

[0171] At 1325, the method may include modulating shaped and encoded information bits output from the channel decoding process onto a constellation symbol set, the shaped and encoded information bits being modulated onto the constellation symbol set according to a modulation order. The operation at 1325 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation at 1325 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The modulation component 635 described herein is used to perform this action.

[0172] At 1330, the method may include sending one or more messages via a modulated set of constellation symbols. The operation of 1330 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1330 may be derived from references... Figure 6 The described communication component 640 is used to perform this.

[0173] The following provides an overview of the various aspects of this disclosure: Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the method comprising: shaping a set of information bits according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or a modulation order or both, the shaping rate comprising a ratio of input bits to output bits of the probabilistic shaping process; encoding the shaped set of information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process according to a channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to the rule and at least in part based on the shaping rate, the decoding rate comprising a ratio of input bits to output bits of the channel decoding process; modulating the shaped and encoded information bits output by the channel decoding process onto a constellation symbol set, the shaped and encoded information bits being modulated onto the constellation symbol set according to the modulation order; and transmitting one or more messages via the modulated constellation symbol set.

[0174] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, the method further includes: identifying a threshold decoding rate at least in part based on the modulation order; and selecting the shaping rate at least in part based on the threshold decoding rate and according to the rule.

[0175] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, the method further comprising: identifying a threshold decoding rate based at least in part on at least one of the modulation order, a first number of columns of the basemap associated with information variable nodes, a second number of columns of the basemap associated with the total number of variable nodes, or a third number of columns of the basemap associated with punched variable nodes; and selecting the shaping rate based at least in part on the threshold decoding rate and according to the rule.

[0176] Aspect 4: According to the method of aspect 3, the basemap includes a low-density parity-check (LDPC) basemap associated with the channel decoding process.

[0177] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, the method further comprising: selecting the decoding rate from the set of decoding rates based at least in part on the spectral efficiency value; and selecting the shaping rate based at least in part on the decoding rate and according to the rule.

[0178] Aspect 6: According to the method of aspect 5, each decoding rate in the set of decoding rates corresponds to a corresponding number of rows of the base map associated with the channel decoding process, and is further based at least in part on a first number of columns of the base map associated with information variable nodes and a second number of columns of the base map associated with punched variable nodes.

[0179] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, the method further comprising: selecting a predefined rate for the shaping rate based at least in part on one or more modulation and decoding scheme values ​​associated with the spectral efficiency value that satisfies a threshold spectral efficiency value.

[0180] Aspect 8: According to the method described in aspect 7, the predefined rate is equal to one.

[0181] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, the method further comprising: selecting the decoding rate based at least in part on the spectral efficiency value and a first MCS table, wherein the first MCS table is associated with a number of layers satisfying a threshold number of layers for transmitting the one or more messages; and selecting the shaping rate based at least in part on the decoding rate and according to the rule.

[0182] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, the method further comprising: selecting the decoding rate based at least in part on the spectral efficiency value and a second MCS table, wherein the second MCS table is associated with a number of layers less than or equal to a threshold number of layers used to transmit the one or more messages; and selecting the shaping rate based at least in part on the decoding rate and according to the rule.

[0183] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, the method further comprising: selecting the decoding rate and the shaping rate based at least in part on the spectral efficiency value and according to the rule, wherein the decoding rate and the shaping rate include the same rate.

[0184] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, the method further comprising: selecting the decoding rate and the shaping rate at least in part based on the modulation order and according to the rule, wherein the decoding rate and the shaping rate include different rates.

[0185] Aspect 13: The method according to aspect 12, wherein the shaping rate is greater than the decoding rate, at least in part based on the value of MCS.

[0186] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of Aspects 12 to 13, wherein the decoding rate is greater than the shaping rate, based at least in part on the value of the MCS.

[0187] Aspect 15: A first wireless device for wireless communication, the first wireless device comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14.

[0188] Aspect 16: A first wireless device for wireless communication, the first wireless device comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14.

[0189] Aspect 17: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code including instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14.

[0190] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible specific implementations, and the operations and steps can be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other specific implementations are also possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more of these methods can be combined.

[0191] While aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for illustrative purposes, and the terms LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used in most of the description, the techniques described herein are also applicable to networks outside of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described are applicable to a variety of other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0192] The information and signals described herein can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0193] The various exemplary blocks and components described herein can be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic unit, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternative embodiments, a processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors cooperating with a DSP core, or any other such configuration). Any function or operation described herein that can be performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors capable of performing the described functions or operations individually or jointly.

[0194] The functions described herein can be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium or transmitted using one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or any combination of these. Features implementing the functions can also be physically located in various locations, including various portions distributed such that the functions are implemented in different physical locations.

[0195] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media, encompassing any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. Non-transitory storage media can be any available medium accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compressed optical disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code components in the form of instructions or data structures, and accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Furthermore, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer-readable media. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included within the definition of computer-readable media. As used herein, disks and optical discs include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, digital multifunction discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Disks can magnetically reproduce data, and optical discs can optically reproduce data using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any function or operation described herein that can be performed by memory can be performed by multiple memories capable of performing the described function or operation individually or jointly.

[0196] As used herein, the word "or" in a list of items (e.g., a list of items accompanied by phrases such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") in the claims indicates an inclusive list, such that a list of at least one of, for example, A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" could be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "at least partially based on".

[0197] As used herein, including in claims, the article “a” preceding a noun is open-ended and is understood to refer to “at least one” or “one or more” of those nouns. Therefore, the terms “a,” “at least one,” “one or more,” and “at least one of one or more” are interchangeable. For example, where a claim enumerates “components” performing one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “component” having a characteristic or performing a function may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent references to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “the” can refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” can be understood to mean “one or more components,” and subsequent reference to “the component” in a claim can be understood as equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components.” Similarly, subsequent references to a component introduced with the terms “the” or “the” as “one or more components” can refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, reference to "the one or more components" in the subsequent claims can be understood as equivalent to reference to "at least one of the one or more components".

[0198] The term "determine" encompasses a variety of actions, and therefore, "determine" can include calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, lookup (such as by searching in a table, database, or other data structure), identification, and similar actions. Furthermore, "determine" can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory), etc. Moreover, "determine" can include parsing, obtaining, selecting, choosing, building, and other similar actions.

[0199] In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference numerals. Furthermore, various components of the same type can be distinguished by adding a dash after the reference numeral and a second reference numeral to differentiate them. If only the first reference numeral is used in the description, the description can be applied to any of the similar components having the same first reference numeral, regardless of the second or other subsequent reference numerals.

[0200] The description herein, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes an example configuration and does not represent all implementable or within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," and not "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." The detailed description includes specific details used to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concept of the described examples.

[0201] The description herein is provided to enable those skilled in the art to implement or use this disclosure. Various modifications to this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A first wireless device, the first wireless device comprising: One or more memories, wherein the one or more memories store processor-executable code; and One or more processors, said one or more processors coupled to said one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute said code to enable the first wireless device: The information bit set is shaped according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or a modulation order or both, and the shaping rate includes the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process. The set of shaped information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process is encoded according to the channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to the rule and at least in part based on the shaping rate, the decoding rate including the ratio of the input bits of the channel decoding process to the output bits of the channel decoding process. The shaped and encoded information bits output from the channel decoding process are modulated onto the constellation symbol set, and the shaped and encoded information bits are modulated onto the constellation symbol set according to the modulation order; as well as Send one or more messages via a modulated set of constellation symbols.

2. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to: The threshold decoding rate is identified at least in part based on the modulation order; and The shaping rate is selected at least in part based on the threshold decoding rate and according to the rules.

3. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to: The threshold decoding rate is identified at least in part based on at least one of the following: the modulation order, a first number of columns in the basemap associated with information variable nodes, a second number of columns in the basemap associated with the total number of variable nodes, or a third number of columns in the basemap associated with punched variable nodes; and The shaping rate is selected at least in part based on the threshold decoding rate and according to the rules.

4. The first wireless device of claim 3, wherein the basemap includes a low-density parity-check (LDPC) basemap associated with the channel decoding process.

5. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to: The decoding rate is selected from the set of decoding rates based at least in part on the spectral efficiency value; and The shaping rate is selected at least in part based on the decoding rate and according to the rules.

6. The first wireless device of claim 5, wherein each decoding rate in the set of decoding rates corresponds to a corresponding number of rows of the basemap associated with the channel decoding process, and is further based at least in part on a first number of columns of the basemap associated with information variable nodes and a second number of columns of the basemap associated with punched variable nodes.

7. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to: The predefined rate for the shaping rate is selected at least in part based on one or more modulation and decoding scheme values ​​associated with the spectral efficiency value that satisfies the threshold spectral efficiency value.

8. The first wireless device according to claim 7, wherein: The predefined rate is equal to one.

9. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to: The decoding rate is selected at least in part based on the spectral efficiency value and a first modulation and decoding scheme (MCS) table, wherein the first MCS table is associated with a number of layers satisfying a threshold number of layers for transmitting the one or more messages; and The shaping rate is selected at least in part based on the decoding rate and according to the rules.

10. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to: The decoding rate is selected at least in part based on the spectral efficiency value and a second modulation and decoding scheme (MCS) table, wherein the second MCS table is associated with a number of layers less than or equal to a threshold number of layers used to transmit the one or more messages; and The shaping rate is selected at least in part based on the decoding rate and according to the rules.

11. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to: The decoding rate and the shaping rate are selected at least in part based on the spectral efficiency value and according to the rules, wherein the decoding rate and the shaping rate include the same rate.

12. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to: The decoding rate and the shaping rate are selected at least in part based on the modulation order and according to the rules, wherein the decoding rate and the shaping rate include different rates.

13. The first wireless device of claim 12, wherein the shaping rate is greater than the decoding rate, at least in part based on the value of the modulation and decoding scheme (MCS).

14. The first wireless device of claim 12, wherein the decoding rate is greater than the shaping rate, based at least in part on the value of the modulation and decoding scheme (MCS).

15. A method for performing wireless communication at a first wireless device, the method comprising: The information bit set is shaped according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or a modulation order or both, and the shaping rate includes the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process. The set of shaped information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process is encoded according to the channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to the rule and at least in part based on the shaping rate, the decoding rate including the ratio of the input bits of the channel decoding process to the output bits of the channel decoding process. The shaped and encoded information bits output from the channel decoding process are modulated onto the constellation symbol set, and the shaped and encoded information bits are modulated onto the constellation symbol set according to the modulation order; as well as Send one or more messages via a modulated set of constellation symbols.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: The threshold decoding rate is identified at least in part based on the modulation order; as well as The shaping rate is selected at least in part based on the threshold decoding rate and according to the rules.

17. The method of claim 15, further comprising: The threshold decoding rate is identified at least in part based on at least one of the modulation order, a first number of columns of the basemap associated with information variable nodes, a second number of columns of the basemap associated with the total number of variable nodes, or a third number of columns of the basemap associated with punched variable nodes. as well as The shaping rate is selected at least in part based on the threshold decoding rate and according to the rules.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the basemap comprises a low-density parity-check (LDPC) basemap associated with the channel decoding process.

19. The method of claim 15, further comprising: The decoding rate is selected from the set of decoding rates based at least in part on the spectral efficiency value; as well as The shaping rate is selected at least in part based on the decoding rate and according to the rules.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein each decoding rate in the set of decoding rates corresponds to a corresponding number of rows of the basemap associated with the channel decoding process, and is further based at least in part on a first number of columns of the basemap associated with information variable nodes and a second number of columns of the basemap associated with punched variable nodes.

21. The method according to claim 15, further comprising: The predefined rate for the shaping rate is selected at least in part based on one or more modulation and decoding scheme values ​​associated with the spectral efficiency value that satisfies the threshold spectral efficiency value.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the predefined rate is equal to one.

23. The method of claim 15, further comprising: The decoding rate is selected at least in part based on the spectral efficiency value and a first modulation and decoding scheme (MCS) table, wherein the first MCS table is associated with a number of layers that satisfies a threshold number of layers for transmitting the one or more messages; as well as The shaping rate is selected at least in part based on the decoding rate and according to the rules.

24. The method of claim 15, further comprising: The decoding rate is selected at least in part based on the spectral efficiency value and a second modulation and decoding scheme (MCS) table, wherein the second MCS table is associated with a number of layers less than or equal to a threshold number of layers used to transmit the one or more messages; as well as The shaping rate is selected at least in part based on the decoding rate and according to the rules.

25. The method according to claim 15, further comprising: The decoding rate and the shaping rate are selected at least in part based on the spectral efficiency value and according to the rules, wherein the decoding rate and the shaping rate include the same rate.

26. The method according to claim 15, further comprising: The decoding rate and the shaping rate are selected at least in part based on the modulation order and according to the rules, wherein the decoding rate and the shaping rate include different rates.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the shaping rate is greater than the decoding rate, based at least in part on the value of the modulation and decoding scheme (MCS).

28. The method of claim 26, wherein the decoding rate is greater than the shaping rate, based at least in part on the value of the modulation and decoding scheme (MCS).

29. A first wireless device for wireless communication, the first wireless device comprising: A component for shaping a set of information bits according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or a modulation order or both, and the shaping rate includes the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process. A component for encoding a set of shaped information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process according to a channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to the rule and at least in part based on the shaping rate, the decoding rate including the ratio of the input bits of the channel decoding process to the output bits of the channel decoding process; A component for modulating the shaped and encoded information bits output from the channel decoding process onto a constellation symbol set, wherein the shaped and encoded information bits are modulated onto the constellation symbol set according to the modulation order; and A component used to send one or more messages via a modulated set of constellation symbols.

30. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to: The information bit set is shaped according to a probabilistic shaping process, wherein the shaping rate of the probabilistic shaping process is selected according to a rule associated with a spectral efficiency value or a modulation order or both, and the shaping rate includes the ratio of the input bits to the output bits of the probabilistic shaping process. The set of shaped information bits output by the probabilistic shaping process is encoded according to the channel decoding process, wherein the decoding rate of the channel decoding process is selected according to the rule and at least in part based on the shaping rate, the decoding rate including the ratio of the input bits of the channel decoding process to the output bits of the channel decoding process. The shaped and encoded information bits output from the channel decoding process are modulated onto the constellation symbol set, wherein the shaped and encoded information bits are modulated onto the constellation symbol set according to the modulation order; and Send one or more messages via a modulated set of constellation symbols.

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