An agroforestry pest ecological control method and system based on behavior programming

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of prevention and control of pests in agriculture and forestry, and particularly relates to an ecological prevention and control method for pests in agriculture and forestry based on behavior programming, which comprises the following steps: (S1) a monitoring step: obtaining pest activity intensity signals at positions of multiple sensor nodes arranged in a protection area; (S2) a decision-making step: identifying a first target node with an activity intensity exceeding a first intensity threshold according to the pest activity intensity signals; solving the core problem that existing static and isolated ecological prevention and control technologies for pests in agriculture and forestry cannot actively respond to dynamic changes in pest conditions and are difficult to purposefully guide and collect large-scale pest populations; through construction of a behavior programming method based on real-time monitoring, intelligent decision-making and collaborative deception, dynamic repelling and attracting in the time and space dimensions are achieved, so that passive prevention and control is upgraded to active and accurate intervention on the flow direction of pests.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural and forestry pest control technology, specifically a behavior programming-based ecological control method for agricultural and forestry pests. Background Technology

[0002] This invention relates to an ecological control method and system for agricultural and forestry pests, and more particularly to a green control technology that uses bioactive substances such as pheromones to actively intervene in the behavior of pests. This type of technology aims to avoid the use of chemical pesticides and achieve the purpose of attracting, repelling or interfering with the normal behavior (such as foraging and laying eggs) of pests by simulating or interfering with their intraspecific communication, thereby achieving environmentally friendly pest management.

[0003] Specifically, in the field of pest and disease control in Caragana shrub forests, the Caragana seed wasp is a key borer that damages Caragana seeds. Adults emerge in large numbers during the peak flowering period of Caragana shrubs in mid-to-late May each year, and lay eggs in flower buds within a very short flowering window. The larvae then burrow into the seeds to feed, leading to crop failure. The control window is extremely short. While chemical pesticides are effective against this type of borer that damages reproductive organs, they indiscriminately kill large numbers of pollinating insects, severely disrupting the ecological balance of the forest area.

[0004] In existing technologies, common ecological control methods for achieving the above objectives are mainly divided into two categories: targeted trapping and regional repellency. Specifically:

[0005] Targeted trapping: Traps containing sex pheromones are set up at fixed locations in the field. By continuously releasing attraction signals, pests active in the surrounding area are attracted to the traps for physical removal.

[0006] Area repellency: Around the crop area that needs protection, devices that slowly release alarm pheromones or repellents are deployed to form a chemical barrier and prevent pests from entering.

[0007] However, existing trapping or repelling technologies are static and isolated, unable to respond to the spatiotemporal changes in pest infestations. When facing pests like the Caragana seed wasp, which are highly dispersible and have short window periods, their fundamental flaw lies in the fact that static devices cannot provide intensive intervention in the initial "hotspot" areas of an outbreak, nor can they purposefully guide and collect pests from hundreds of acres of forest to pre-designated treatment points; they can only passively affect a localized area.

[0008] In summary, existing technologies suffer from a mismatch between the static and passive nature of control methods and the dynamic activity of borer pests such as the Caragana seed wasp. Specifically, in the practice of controlling the Caragana seed wasp, there is a lack of a mechanism that can dynamically and collaboratively release complementary signals (repelling and attracting) at different spatial locations based on real-time pest conditions. Consequently, it is impossible to actively intervene in and efficiently collect the movement direction of pest populations within large-scale Caragana forests. This makes it difficult to significantly improve the efficiency of ecological control, and it is ineffective in dealing with pests such as the Caragana seed wasp, which have short window periods and strong dispersibility. This invention aims to solve this core problem. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies and solve the core problem that current static and isolated ecological control technologies for agricultural and forestry pests cannot proactively respond to dynamic changes in pest populations and are difficult to purposefully guide and aggregate large-scale pest populations, a behavioral programming method based on real-time monitoring, intelligent decision-making, and collaborative misdirection is constructed. This method achieves the synergy of dynamic avoidance and attraction in the spatiotemporal dimensions, thereby elevating passive control to proactive and precise intervention in the direction of pest movement.

[0010] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a method for ecological control of agricultural and forestry pests based on behavior programming, comprising the following steps:

[0011] (S1) Monitoring steps: By deploying multiple sensor nodes in the protected area, the activity intensity signal of pests at the location of each node is obtained;

[0012] (S2) Decision-making step: Based on the pest activity intensity signal, identify the first target node whose activity intensity exceeds the first intensity threshold;

[0013] (S3) Execution steps: In response to identifying the first target node, control to execute the following cooperative operations:

[0014] (S31) First release operation: Control the first signal release device that matches the position of the first target node to release a first type of bioactive substance with a repelling effect;

[0015] (S32) Second release operation: After a non-zero delay period following the start of the first release operation, the second signal release device located upwind of the first target node is controlled to release a second type of bioactive substance with an attraction effect.

[0016] Preferably, in step (S32), the length of the non-zero delay period is set by the real-time ambient wind speed from the first target node to the second signal release device. The greater the wind speed, the shorter the delay period.

[0017] Preferably, the first type of bioactive substance and the second type of bioactive substance are mixtures of insect sex pheromones and insect alarm pheromones, respectively; the weight percentage of alarm pheromones in the first type of bioactive substance is higher than the weight percentage of alarm pheromones in the second type of bioactive substance.

[0018] Preferably, the weight percentage of the alarm pheromone in the first type of bioactive substance increases as the pest activity intensity signal of the first target node increases.

[0019] Preferably, after step (S3) is executed, if the activity intensity of pests in the area where the second signal release device is located exceeds the second intensity threshold, the area where the second signal release device is located is identified as a new first target node, and another signal release device upwind of it is used as a new second signal release device. Step (S3) is repeated to form a step-by-step guidance of pests.

[0020] A behavior-programming-based ecological control system for agricultural and forestry pests, applicable to the aforementioned behavior-programming-based ecological control method for agricultural and forestry pests, includes:

[0021] The monitoring subsystem includes multiple sensor nodes for performing the monitoring step (S1).

[0022] The release subsystem includes multiple signal release devices, the spatial arrangement of which is associated with the positions of at least some of the sensor nodes, for providing the first and second signal release devices;

[0023] The control subsystem is communicatively connected to the monitoring subsystem and the release subsystem, and is configured to execute the decision step (S2) and the execution step (S3).

[0024] Preferably, the signal release device is a two-component pheromone release device, which includes:

[0025] The first storage container is used to store liquid insect sex pheromones;

[0026] The second storage container is used to store liquid insect alarm pheromones;

[0027] The mixing and release mechanism, connected to the control subsystem, is used to receive control commands and mix substances from the first and second storage containers in a set ratio, and release the mixture in the form of aerosol.

[0028] Preferably, the system further includes a centrally deployed pest treatment area, which is located downwind of at least one signal release device in the upwind direction of the release subsystem. The pest treatment area is equipped with physical pest control components and microenvironment regulation components. The microenvironment regulation components are used to actively maintain the temperature and humidity in the pest treatment area within a preset range. The preset range is adapted to the habits of the target pests to enhance the attraction effect of the upwind signal release device.

[0029] Preferably, the sensor node is an infrared through-beam counting sensor, and the pest activity intensity signal is the number of times the infrared beam is blocked per unit time.

[0030] Preferably, the control subsystem includes a central controller and local controllers disposed within each of the signal release devices;

[0031] The local controller is configured to: drive the local hybrid release mechanism to work after receiving instructions from the central controller; and to activate a preset emergency release logic based on locally connected sensor data when communication with the central controller is interrupted: if the activity intensity of local pests exceeds the emergency threshold, release bioactive substances with repellency as the main function.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0033] 1. This invention achieves intelligent guidance of pest population dynamics by constructing an active programming logic of monitoring-decision-coordinated misdirection; the system monitors pest conditions in real time, and after identifying pest gathering points, it does not passively lure and kill them, but immediately releases a repelling signal locally, while simultaneously releasing an attracting signal upwind; this spatiotemporal coordinated tactic of repelling and inducing upgrades the control mode from static waiting to dynamic intervention, thereby enabling proactive regulation of the movement direction of pest populations.

[0034] 2. This invention solves the problem of limited single-signal guidance distance and inability to cover large areas by introducing a multi-level relay guidance mechanism. When an upstream attraction point becomes a new hotspot due to pest aggregation, the system can automatically convert its role into a new repellency point and activate the device further upstream for a new round of attraction. Through multiple relays, pests are gradually guided from the initial outbreak point to the preset terminal area, thereby expanding the effective control range from a single point of action to the entire network coverage area. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall system deployment and basic collaborative working principles.

[0037] Figure 2It is a flowchart of the control logic for collaborative misdirection and multi-level relay guidance;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a two-component pheromone release device;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the synergistic working principle of the pest treatment zone structure and microclimate. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the implementation methods of this invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention.

[0041] Example 1: Ecological Control Method for Agricultural and Forestry Pests Based on Behavior Programming (Basic Implementation)

[0042] This embodiment details the basic scheme and demonstrates a complete "monitoring-identification-coordinated misleading" operation.

[0043] 1. System Deployment and Initialization

[0044] Deploy this system within the target prevention and control area (e.g., a 100-hectare Caragana forest). The prevailing wind direction in this area is stable (e.g., northwesterly winds) during the critical prevention and control period (mid-to-late May).

[0045] Monitoring Network: Approximately 500 infrared counting sensors are deployed as monitoring points, forming a monitoring network with a node spacing of approximately 50 meters. Each monitoring point reports the insect flight pass frequency F (times / minute) at its location once per minute. A first intensity threshold F_th1 is set at 35 times / minute, based on the 95% confidence interval of three years of baseline field activity data (average frequency 10-20 times / minute) of the target pest (Caragana korshinskii seed wasp). An emergency threshold F_emerg is set at 60 times / minute, approximately 1.7 times F_th1, to trigger a local emergency response.

[0046] Release Network: Approximately 200 two-component pheromone release devices are deployed to form a release network. Each device includes an independent first storage container (containing a 1% w / w concentration of sex pheromone stock solution) and a second storage container (containing a 1% w / w concentration of alarm pheromone stock solution). The release devices are physically adjacent to or located on the same pole as some monitoring points.

[0047] Preset control parameters:

[0048] The proportion of basic avoidance signal alarm pheromones, R_base = 0.15 (15%).

[0049] The dynamic adjustment gain coefficient α = 0.01.

[0050] The standard lure signal alarm pheromone has a fixed percentage R_lure = 0.05 (5%).

[0051] The empirical coefficient for delayed calculation is k = 1.0.

[0052] 2. Execution of a single coordinated misleading operation

[0053] Suppose that during system operation, a monitoring point located in the middle of the control area (denoted as "monitoring point A") reports that its pest passage frequency F_A = 50 times / minute, which exceeds the first intensity threshold F_th1.

[0054] Decision: The system immediately identifies monitoring point A as the "first target node".

[0055] implement:

[0056] (S31) First release operation: Control the release device (denoted as "Release Device A") associated with the location of monitoring point A. The proportion R_A of the alarm pheromone in the first composite pheromone released by this device is calculated based on real-time insect population dynamics:

[0057]

[0058] Accordingly, release device A immediately mixes and releases a repellent mist at a ratio of 30% alarm pheromone content.

[0059] (S32) Second release operation: Based on real-time wind direction data and preset spatial topology, the system determines the nearest release device (denoted as "release device B") located upwind of monitoring point A as the second signal release device. The current ambient wind speed V = 2.5 m / s from monitoring point A to release device B, and the horizontal distance L = 80 m between the two points are obtained.

[0060] Delay Calculation: To simulate the time delay of information transmission in natural ecosystems, the delay time Δt is set to be directly proportional to the distance and inversely proportional to the wind speed, and is determined by the following formula:

[0061]

[0062] Substituting the parameters, Δt = 1.0 × (80 / 2.5) = 32 seconds.

[0063] Delayed release: After waiting for 32 seconds, the control release device B releases the second composite pheromone. This signal is mixed according to a fixed attraction ratio R_lure = 0.05, meaning the alarm pheromone content is only 5%, forming a highly attractive aerosol.

[0064] 3. Local emergency response logic

[0065] If communication between release device A and the central controller is interrupted, its built-in local controller will continuously monitor local sensor data. Once local pests pass through at a frequency F > F_emerg, the local controller will automatically activate emergency logic, controlling the device to release pheromones at a preset high repellency ratio R_emerg = 0.40.

[0066] Comparison and Effect

[0067] To verify the effectiveness of this basic method, a control experiment was set up: in another adjacent forest area with the same conditions and pest population as in Example 1, a similar number and cost of traditional single-pheromone traps were deployed. Observations were conducted within the same control window period (7 days).

[0068] Mode of action: The traditional method is a completely passive and static "waiting for the rabbit to run into the tree stump".

[0069] The method of this invention is a proactive, dynamically coordinated "targeted intervention".

[0070] Control efficiency: At the end of the statistical period, in the experimental area of ​​this invention, the proportion of adult insects successfully driven away from their initial gathering point or guided to non-harmful areas (effective behavioral intervention rate) reached 65%-70%. In contrast, traps in the traditional control area only eliminated about 10%-15% of the total number of active adults, with the vast majority of pests still successfully laying eggs in the forest. This embodiment demonstrates that even without advanced optimization, the basic "local repellency + upstream attraction" spatiotemporally coordinated misleading tactic is more than four times more efficient at regulating the macroscopic behavior of pest populations than traditional passive trapping.

[0071] Example 2: Implementation of a multi-stage relay guidance method

[0072] This embodiment is an extension of Embodiment 1, specifically demonstrating how to achieve multi-level relay guidance by iteratively executing collaborative misleading operations.

[0073] 1. Triggering and the first round of guidance

[0074] Following Example 1, the strong attraction signal released by release device B takes effect, causing pests to gather in the downwind area.

[0075] 2. Triggering and Execution of the Second Round of Guidance

[0076] Monitoring: The frequency of a monitoring point (referred to as "monitoring point B") located near release device B increases.

[0077] Trigger: The system sets a second intensity threshold F_th2 = 25 times / minute for relay guidance. When the frequency F_B at monitoring point B rises to 30 times / minute and exceeds F_th2, the system determines that a new gathering hotspot has formed in the area of ​​release device B.

[0078] Execution: The system initiates a new round of collaborative misdirection, and roles are switched:

[0079] 1. Convert release device B into a new first release device. Its avoidance signal ratio is recalculated according to F_B: R_A' = 0.15 + 0.01 × (30-25) = 0.20.

[0080] 2. Designate another device located more upwind of release device B (denoted as "release device C") as the new second release device. Assume its distance L' = 70 m, wind speed V' = 3.0 m / s, and calculate the new delay Δt' = 1.0 × (70 / 3.0) ≈ 23 seconds.

[0081] 3. After a delay of 23 seconds, control release device C releases the enticement signal with R_lure = 0.05.

[0082] 3. Iteration effect

[0083] This process of "new hotspot triggering → original attraction point turning into repulsion → activation of new attraction points further upstream" can be automatically iterated. Through 2-3 relays, the insect swarm initially located near monitoring point A can be gradually guided to the upwind side of the forest area.

[0084] Comparison and Effect

[0085] To quantify the scalable advantages of "multi-level relay" over "single guidance," a simulation analysis was conducted:

[0086] Scenario A (Single Guidance): The initial outbreak point of the pests is approximately 300 meters away from the system's preset eradication zone. Only the single-round coordinated misguidance method of Example 1 is used.

[0087] Scenario B (Multi-level Relay): Under the same conditions, the multi-level relay guidance logic of this embodiment is enabled.

[0088] Simulation results: In scenario A, pests within a range of approximately 150 meters could be effectively guided. In scenario B, through relay guidance, the proportion of initial pest swarms 300 meters away successfully guided to the eradication zone increased by 2.5 to 3 times. This embodiment demonstrates that the multi-level relay mechanism extends the effective radius of the system from the hundreds of meters of a single device to the kilometers of the entire network, achieving organized, long-distance "logistics-style" scheduling of large-area pest populations—a system-level function that single-point, static control equipment cannot achieve.

[0089] Example 3: Implementation of Pest Control Zone with Integrated Microclimate Regulation

[0090] This embodiment describes the terminal closed-loop design of the system, demonstrating the deep collaboration between hardware and environment.

[0091] 1. Pest Control Area Setup

[0092] A centralized pest treatment area shall be established at the downwind end of the entire system deployment area (downstream boundary of the prevailing wind direction).

[0093] 2. Technical Composition and Parameters

[0094] Physical pest control components: a large-area vertically arranged solar high-voltage power grid.

[0095] Microenvironment control components include temperature and humidity sensors, a heater, a humidifier, and a closed-loop PID controller. The target control values ​​are set as follows: temperature T = (28.0 ± 1.5) °C, relative humidity RH = (70 ± 5) %. This range, referenced from entomological literature, represents the optimal activity zone for the flight and searching behavior of the target pest (Caragana seed wasp).

[0096] 3. Collaborative Working Mechanism

[0097] Guiding: The attracting signal released by the release device at the upwind end of the system will eventually lead the pests to the area.

[0098] Enhanced retention: The microenvironment regulation component actively maintains the optimal microclimate within the zone. This environment significantly prolongs the retention time of arriving pests (by an average of 2-3 times) and stimulates their activity.

[0099] Conclusion: Active and lingering pests have a significantly increased probability of coming into contact with high-voltage power grids, thus being effectively eradicated.

[0100] Comparison and Effect

[0101] To verify the synergistic effect of microclimate regulation, a control experiment was conducted:

[0102] Experimental group: Active microclimate regulation (28°C, 70% RH) was activated in the extermination zone.

[0103] Control group: The extermination zone was equipped with the same electric grid, without active temperature and humidity regulation (relying on the natural environment, approximately 22-32°C, 30-60% RH).

[0104] Condition: Both groups receive the exact same upstream enticement signal.

[0105] Results: Within the same 24-hour period, the number of pests killed in the experimental group's high-voltage power grid was 1.5 times that of the control group. Simultaneously, the average residence time of pests in the experimental group's eradication area was 2.5 times that of the control group.

[0106] Conclusion: This embodiment demonstrates that the "microclimate regulation component" and the "attraction signal" are deeply synergistic in function. It is not simply environmental control, but rather, by creating the optimal terminal environment for "attracting and retaining insects," it efficiently "transforms" pests guided from upstream into pest extermination, increasing the efficiency of the terminal physical device by 50%, and producing significant synergistic effects and unexpected technical results.

[0107] It should be understood that the above embodiments and parameters are merely preferred examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any simple adjustments or substitutions to the system layout, threshold settings, parameter ratios, calculation formula coefficients, or hardware selection based on the core concept of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0108] In light of current practical needs, the above-described embodiments of this invention are not limited to these specific implementations. Any changes made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of this invention, still fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological control of agricultural and forestry pests based on behavior programming, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (S1) Monitoring steps: By deploying multiple sensor nodes in the protected area, the activity intensity signal of pests at the location of each node is obtained; (S2) Decision-making step: Based on the pest activity intensity signal, identify the first target node whose activity intensity exceeds the first intensity threshold; (S3) Execution steps: In response to identifying the first target node, control to execute the following cooperative operations: (S31) First release operation: Control the first signal release device that matches the position of the first target node to release a first type of bioactive substance with a repelling effect; (S32) Second release operation: After a non-zero delay period following the start of the first release operation, the second signal release device located upwind of the first target node is controlled to release a second type of bioactive substance with an attraction effect.

2. The ecological control method for agricultural and forestry pests based on behavior programming according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (S32), the length of the non-zero delay period is set by the real-time ambient wind speed from the first target node to the second signal release device. The greater the wind speed, the shorter the delay period.

3. The ecological control method for agricultural and forestry pests based on behavior programming according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first type of bioactive substance and the second type of bioactive substance are mixtures of insect sex pheromones and insect alarm pheromones, respectively; the weight percentage of alarm pheromones in the first type of bioactive substance is higher than the weight percentage of alarm pheromones in the second type of bioactive substance.

4. The ecological control method for agricultural and forestry pests based on behavior programming according to claim 3, characterized in that, The weight percentage of alarm pheromones in the first type of bioactive substances increases as the pest activity intensity signal of the first target node increases.

5. The ecological control method for agricultural and forestry pests based on behavior programming according to claim 1, characterized in that, After step (S3) is executed, if the activity intensity of pests in the area where the second signal release device is located exceeds the second intensity threshold, the area where the second signal release device is located is identified as the new first target node, and another signal release device upwind of it is used as the new second signal release device. Step (S3) is repeated to form a step-by-step guidance of pests.

6. A behavior-programming-based ecological control system for agricultural and forestry pests, applicable to the behavior-programming-based ecological control method for agricultural and forestry pests as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: The monitoring subsystem includes multiple sensor nodes for performing the monitoring step (S1). The release subsystem includes multiple signal release devices, the spatial arrangement of which is associated with the positions of at least some of the sensor nodes, for providing the first and second signal release devices; The control subsystem is communicatively connected to the monitoring subsystem and the release subsystem, and is configured to execute the decision step (S2) and the execution step (S3).

7. The ecological control system for agricultural and forestry pests based on behavior programming according to claim 6, characterized in that, The signal release device is a two-component pheromone release device, which includes: The first storage container is used to store liquid insect sex pheromones; The second storage container is used to store liquid insect alarm pheromones; The mixing and release mechanism, connected to the control subsystem, is used to receive control commands and mix substances from the first and second storage containers in a set ratio, and release the mixture in the form of aerosol.

8. The ecological control system for agricultural and forestry pests based on behavior programming according to claim 7, characterized in that, The system also includes a centrally deployed pest treatment area, which is located downwind of at least one signal release device in the upwind direction of the release subsystem. The pest treatment area is equipped with physical pest control components and microenvironment regulation components. The microenvironment regulation components are used to actively maintain the temperature and humidity in the pest treatment area within a preset range. The preset range is adapted to the habits of the target pests to enhance the attraction effect of the upwind signal release device.

9. The ecological control system for agricultural and forestry pests based on behavior programming according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sensor node is an infrared through-beam counting sensor, and the pest activity intensity signal is the number of times the infrared beam is blocked per unit time.

10. A behavior-programming-based ecological control system for agricultural and forestry pests according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control subsystem includes a central controller and local controllers located within each of the signal release devices; The local controller is configured to: drive the local hybrid release mechanism to work after receiving instructions from the central controller; and to activate a preset emergency release logic based on locally connected sensor data when communication with the central controller is interrupted: if the activity intensity of local pests exceeds the emergency threshold, release bioactive substances with repellency as the main function.

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