Gas-liquid reaction apparatus

Abstract

A gas-liquid reaction device includes a first cavity, a second cavity disposed in the first cavity, a third cavity disposed in the second cavity, and a plurality of gas inlet tubes connected to the first cavity. A first space of the first cavity is in communication with an external space, the first space is in communication with a second space of the second cavity, and the second space is in communication with a third space of the third cavity. Liquid enters the first cavity through a first open end of the first cavity, and gas enters the first cavity through the gas inlet tubes. The liquid and the gas are mixed in the first cavity in a first stage, and then flow into the second cavity through a through-hole of the second cavity for a second stage of mixing. The liquid and the gas then flow into the third cavity through a third inlet end of the third cavity for a third stage of mixing, and then flow out of the third cavity through a third outlet end of the third cavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a gas-liquid mixing reaction apparatus, and more particularly to a gas-liquid reaction apparatus that enables continuous multi-stage mixing of gas and liquid. Background Technology

[0002] Gas-liquid mixing reaction technology is widely used in various fields. After gas and liquid are introduced into a reaction chamber to mix and react, usable solid substances can be produced. If the gas and liquid can be fully and uniformly mixed, it is more conducive to the production of usable substances.

[0003] Existing gas-liquid mixing reaction technologies include, for example, incorporating a neck or narrow section within the reaction chamber to create a pressure difference, turbulence, or venturi effect through pipe diameter differences, thereby generating suction to drive the gas or liquid forward. Alternatively, different diameters or numbers of gas or liquid pipes can be designed to improve the uniformity of gas and liquid flow during convergence.

[0004] However, the accelerated reaction of gas-liquid mixing described above is limited to a localized area and cannot be sustained. For example, the gas and liquid lose their suction drive after passing through the neck or narrow section, or the mixing effect is lost after passing through the confluence point. Although this can be improved by lengthening or increasing the reaction area, it would result in a large overall device size and significantly increased cost.

[0005] Therefore, how to develop a "gas-liquid reaction device" that enables continuous multi-stage mixing of gas and liquid, improves reaction rate, reduces reaction time, and has a small volume is an urgent issue for researchers in related technical fields. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In one embodiment, this disclosure provides a gas-liquid reaction apparatus, comprising:

[0007] A first cavity, which is parallel to a central axis and has a first open end and a first closed end, and further has a first space, which is connected to the first open end;

[0008] A second cavity is disposed in the first space and does not contact the first cavity. The second cavity has a second closed end, a second open end, multiple second blades, a second space, an outer wall, and multiple through slots. Each second blade is disposed on the outer wall of the second cavity and extends arcuately from the second closed end toward the second open end. The end of each second blade near the second closed end is the inlet end of the second blade, and the end of each second blade near the second open end is the outlet end of the second blade. A second arcuate channel is formed between two adjacent second blades. Each second arcuate channel is connected to the first open end. Each through slot is disposed through the outer wall and extends from the second open end toward the second closed end, and has a first end and a second end. The first end is located at the second open end. The extension direction of the line connecting the first end and the second end has an angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the second open end. The second space is connected to the first space through each through slot.

[0009] A third cavity, disposed within the second cavity but not in contact with it, has a third inlet end and a third outlet end that are opposite to and connected to each other, and a third space. The third space is provided with multiple third blades, each third blade extending arcuately from the third inlet end towards the third outlet end. The end of each third blade near the third inlet end is the third blade inlet end, and the end of each third blade near the third outlet end is the third blade outlet end. A third arcuate channel is formed between two adjacent third blades. The second space and the third space are connected through these third arcuate channels.

[0010] Multiple air inlet pipes are connected to the first cavity. Each air inlet pipe consists of a first pipe section, a connecting pipe section and a second pipe section that are connected to each other. The end of the first pipe section connected to the connecting pipe section is the air inlet end, and the end of the second pipe section connected to the connecting pipe section is the air outlet end. The air outlet end is connected to the first cavity so that each air inlet pipe is connected to the first cavity.

[0011] When the central axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and the horizontal height of the first open end is higher than the horizontal height of the first closed end, the horizontal height of the second closed end is higher than the horizontal height of the second open end, the horizontal height of the third inlet end is higher than the horizontal height of the third outlet end, the projection position of the first end of each permeable slot is misaligned with the projection position of the second end, and the projection range of the outlet end parallel to the horizontal plane is located within the projection range parallel to the horizontal plane between the second end and the second open end. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional appearance structure diagram of an embodiment disclosed herein;

[0013] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Top view of the embodiment;

[0014] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A bottom-view structural diagram of the embodiment;

[0015] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the AA cross-sectional structure;

[0016] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the first cavity in the embodiment;

[0017] Figure 6 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the second cavity in the embodiment;

[0018] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the second cavity in the embodiment;

[0019] Figure 7A This is a schematic diagram showing the relative relationship between the perforated groove and the central axis disclosed herein.

[0020] Figure 8 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the BB cross-sectional structure;

[0021] Figure 9 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional structural diagram of the third cavity in the embodiment;

[0022] Figure 10 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the third cavity in the embodiment;

[0023] Figure 10A for Figure 10 A top-view structural diagram;

[0024] Figure 10B for Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure viewed from below;

[0025] Figure 11 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional structural diagram of the embodiment when the central axis is set perpendicular to the horizontal plane;

[0026] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the flow path of the gas and liquid disclosed herein.

[0027] [Symbol Explanation]

[0028] 100: Gas-liquid reaction apparatus

[0029] 10: First cavity

[0030] 11: First Open Terminal

[0031] 12: First closed end

[0032] 13: Inlet pipe

[0033] 14: Gas-liquid outlet pipe

[0034] 20: Second cavity

[0035] 21: Second closed end

[0036] 22: Second Open Terminal

[0037] 23: Second blade

[0038] 231: Second blade inlet end

[0039] 232: Second blade exit end

[0040] 24: Second arc-shaped channel

[0041] 25: Open groove

[0042] 251: First End

[0043] 252: Second End

[0044] 26: Lateral wall

[0045] 261: Fence section

[0046] 30: Third cavity

[0047] 31: Third Entry End

[0048] 32: Third Exit End

[0049] 33: Third blade

[0050] 331: Third blade inlet end

[0051] 332: Third blade exit end

[0052] 34: Third arc-shaped channel

[0053] 40: Intake pipe

[0054] 41: First Management Section

[0055] 411: Intake end

[0056] 42: Second Department

[0057] 421: Exhaust end

[0058] 43: Connecting pipe section

[0059] 44: Connector

[0060] AR: Gas

[0061] A421, A252, A232, A25: Projection range

[0062] AL1: First stage gas-liquid mixture

[0063] AL2: Second-stage gas-liquid mixture

[0064] AL3: Third-stage gas-liquid mixture

[0065] C: Central axis

[0066] C41, C42: Axis

[0067] H11, H12, H21, H22, H31, H32: Horizontal height

[0068] L: Liquid

[0069] P231, P232, P251, P252, P331, P332: Projection positions

[0070] S10: First Space

[0071] S20: Second Space

[0072] S30: Third Space

[0073] T1, T2: Thickness

[0074] W1, W2: Width

[0075] θ1: First included angle

[0076] θ2: Second included angle Detailed Implementation

[0077] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of this disclosure will now be described in detail. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, will provide a further detailed description. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are intended only to explain this disclosure and not to limit it. For those skilled in the art, this disclosure can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely to provide a better understanding of this disclosure by illustrating examples.

[0078] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0079] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 4 The illustrated embodiment shows a gas-liquid reaction device 100 disclosed herein, comprising a first chamber 10, a second chamber 20, a third chamber 30, and six air inlet pipes 40. In other embodiments, the number of air inlet pipes 40 may be adjusted as needed, and is not limited herein.

[0080] Please see Figure 4 As shown, the first cavity 10 is parallel to a central axis C and has a first open end 11 and a first closed end 12. The second cavity 20 is parallel to the central axis C and has a second closed end 21 and a second open end 22. The third cavity 30 is parallel to the central axis C and has a third inlet end 31 and a third outlet end 32 that are opposite to each other and connected.

[0081] The central axis C passes through the center of the first open end 11 and the center of the first closed end 12, the center of the second closed end 21 and the center of the second open end 22, and the center of the third inlet end 31 and the third outlet end 32. That is, in this embodiment, the first cavity 10, the second cavity 20 and the third cavity 30 are coaxially arranged.

[0082] Please see Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the intake pipe 40 is equidistantly connected to the first cavity 10. The intake pipe 40 is composed of a first pipe section 41, a second pipe section 42, and a connecting pipe section 43. The connecting pipe section 43 is disposed between the first pipe section 41 and the second pipe section 42 respectively.

[0083] The first pipe section 41, at the end connected to the connecting pipe section 43, is the air inlet end 411, and the second pipe section 42, at the end connected to the connecting pipe section 43, is the air outlet end 421. The air outlet end 421 is connected to the first cavity 10, therefore each air inlet pipe 40 is connected to the first cavity 10. Figure 3As shown, the axis C42 of each second tube 42 is misaligned with the central axis C.

[0084] The connecting pipe section 43 is curved.

[0085] like Figure 4 As shown, the axis C41 of the first tube 41 is parallel to the central axis C, and the axis C42 of the second tube 42 has a first included angle θ1 greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the central axis C.

[0086] Each air intake pipe 40 is connected to the first cavity 10 by a connector 44. The connector 44 is flat to support each air intake pipe 40 to prevent it from shaking during operation.

[0087] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the first cavity 10 further includes a first space S10. The first cavity 10 extends parallel to the central axis C to form a liquid inlet pipe 13 in the shape of a circular tube and a gas-liquid outlet pipe 14 in the shape of a circular tube.

[0088] The inner diameter of the first cavity 10 gradually narrows toward the first open end 11 and the first closed end 12, so that the first space S10 of the first cavity 10 is a spindle-shaped internal space.

[0089] The inlet pipe 13 is connected to the first open end 11. The first space S10 and the external space outside the first cavity 10 are connected to the inlet pipe 13 through the first open end 11. The first closed end 12 is not directly connected to the external space.

[0090] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the second cavity 20 is parallel to the central axis C and has a second closed end 21 and a second open end 22. The second cavity 20 further includes a second space S20, a plurality of second blades 23, a plurality of perforated slots 25, and an outer wall 26. The second cavity 20 is disposed within the first cavity 10 but does not directly contact the first cavity 10. The outer wall 26 surrounds and defines the second space S20.

[0091] The inner diameter of the second cavity 20 gradually narrows toward the second closed end 21 and the second open end 22, so that the second space S20 of the second cavity 20 is an elongated elliptical internal space.

[0092] Please see Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the second blades 23 are equidistantly arranged around the outermost wall 26. A second arc-shaped channel 24 is formed between two adjacent second blades 23. Each second arc-shaped channel 24 is connected to the first open end 11.

[0093] Please see Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the second blade 23 extends in an arc from the second closed end 21 toward the second open end 22. The end of the second blade 23 near the second closed end 21 is the second blade inlet end 231, and the end of the second blade 23 near the second open end 22 is the second blade outlet end 232. When the central axis C is as shown... Figure 7 When the blade is set perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the projected position P231 of the inlet end 231 of the second blade is misaligned with the projected position P232 of the outlet end 232 of the second blade.

[0094] The width W1 of the second blade 23 gradually decreases from the inlet end 231 to the outlet end 232. The thickness T1 of each second blade 23 gradually decreases from the inlet end 231 to the outlet end 232.

[0095] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 7A As shown, a plurality of perforated slots 25 are equidistantly arranged around the outer side wall 26, and each perforated slot 25 extends in an arc from the second open end 22 toward the second closed end 21. Each perforated slot 25 has a first end 251 and a second end 252 opposite to each other. The first end 251 is located at the second open end 22.

[0096] like Figure 7A As shown, the projected position P251 of the first end 251 of the through slot 25 is misaligned with the projected position P252 of the second end 252. The extension direction F1 of the line connecting the first end 251 and the second end 252 has a second included angle θ2 greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the second open end 22.

[0097] like Figure 6 As shown, the second space S20 and the first space S10 are connected through each open slot 25.

[0098] Please see Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the axis C42 of each second tube section 42, in addition to the following... Figure 3 As shown, it is misaligned with the central axis C, and as... Figure 8 As shown, the axis C42 of each second tube 42 does not pass through each perforation groove 25. After the gas AR flows into the first cavity 10 from the second tube 42, it will hit the fence portion 261 of the outer side wall 26 between two adjacent perforation grooves 25 and generate turbulence. Therefore, it can be avoided that the gas AR flows into the second cavity 20 directly through the perforation groove 25 before it has been mixed with the liquid in the first cavity 10.

[0099] Please see Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 10A and Figure 10BAs shown, the third cavity 30 is a hollow circular tube, parallel to the central axis C, and has a third inlet end 31 and a third outlet end 32 that are opposite to and connected to each other. The third cavity 30 is disposed inside the second cavity 20 but does not contact the second cavity 20. The gas-liquid outlet pipe 14 is connected to the third outlet end 32.

[0100] The third cavity 30 further includes a third space S30 and a plurality of third blades 33. In this embodiment, the third blades 33 are equidistantly arranged around the central axis C and disposed in the third space S30. A third arc-shaped channel 34 is formed between two adjacent third blades 33.

[0101] The third blade 33 extends in an arc from the third inlet end 31 toward the third outlet end 32. The end of the third blade 33 closer to the third inlet end 31 is the third blade inlet end 331, and the end of the third blade 33 closer to the third outlet end 32 is the third blade outlet end 332. When the central axis C is as follows... Figure 10 When the blade is set perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the projection position P331 of the third blade inlet end 331 and the projection position P332 of the third blade outlet end 332 are misaligned.

[0102] The width W2 of the third blade 33 is constant from the inlet end 331 to the outlet end 332 of the third blade. The thickness T2 of each third blade 33 gradually decreases from the inlet end 331 to the outlet end 32 of the third blade.

[0103] The second space S20 and the third space S30 are connected by each third arc-shaped channel 34, and the third outlet end 32 is connected to the external space through the gas-liquid outlet pipe 14.

[0104] Please see Figure 11 As shown, when the central axis C is as Figure 11 As shown, when the first open end 11 of the first cavity 10 is higher than the first closed end 12 by horizontal height H11, the second closed end 21 of the second cavity 20 is higher than the second open end 22 by horizontal height H22, and the third inlet end 31 of the third cavity 30 is higher than the third outlet end 32 by horizontal height H32.

[0105] Furthermore, the projection range A421 of the inner diameter of the outlet end 421 parallel to the horizontal plane is located within the projection range A25 of the venting groove 25 parallel to the horizontal plane.

[0106] Furthermore, the horizontal height H232 of the second blade outlet end 232 is located outside the projection range A25 of the permeable groove 25 parallel to the horizontal plane.

[0107] Please see Figure 12The diagram illustrates the process of mixing gas and liquid in the gas-liquid reaction apparatus 100 provided in this disclosure. Liquid L enters the first open end 11 through the inlet pipe 13, then enters the first cavity 10 and flows into each of the second arc-shaped channels 24. Gas AR enters the first pipe section 41 through the inlet end 411 of each inlet pipe 40, then passes through the connecting pipe section 43 and enters the first cavity 10 through the outlet end 421 of the second pipe section 42. Gas AR and liquid L are mixed in the first space S10 of the first cavity 10 in the first stage to form a first-stage mixed gas-liquid AL1.

[0108] Then, the first-stage mixed gas-liquid AL1 flows into the second space S20 of the second cavity 20 through each of the permeable slots 25 of the second cavity 20, and undergoes a second-stage mixing in the second cavity 20 to form the second-stage mixed gas-liquid AL2.

[0109] Then, the second stage mixed gas-liquid AL2 flows into the third space S30 of the third cavity 30 from the third inlet end 31 of the third cavity 30 and into each third arc-shaped channel 34 for third stage mixing, forming the third stage mixed gas-liquid AL3.

[0110] Then, the third stage mixed gas-liquid AL3 flows out of the third cavity 30 from the third outlet end 32 and then flows out to the external space through the gas-liquid outlet pipe 14 for subsequent processes.

[0111] In summary, the gas-liquid reaction apparatus disclosed herein features a composite chamber structure that accelerates and prolongs gas-liquid mixing. This structure generates turbulence, eddies, and jetting effects as the gas and liquid flow through the various chambers, ensuring thorough and uniform mixing of the gas and reactants in the solution within the turbulent flow channels. Driven by fluid kinetic energy, this apparatus eliminates the need for a stirring motor and any tanks or containers to hold the fluid. This significantly reduces the space required for processing, as well as the considerable reactor construction costs and motor power. Furthermore, its continuous operation greatly enhances production capacity.

[0112] Those skilled in the art will understand that the gas-liquid reaction device disclosed herein is not limited to the first, second, and third chambers of the embodiments. A fourth, fifth, or more chambers may be provided as needed. The flow path of the gas and liquid is extended through a multi-layered encapsulation structure, and the flow rate of the gas and liquid is accelerated by the arrangement of blades.

[0113] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, modules, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. It should be understood that the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this disclosure, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A gas-liquid reaction apparatus, characterized in that, Include: A first cavity having a first open end and a first closed end parallel to a central axis, and further having a first space connected to the first open end; A second cavity is disposed within the first cavity but not in contact with it. The second cavity has a second closed end, a second open end, a plurality of second blades, a second space, an outer wall, and a plurality of perforated slots. Each second blade is disposed on the outer wall of the second cavity and extends arcuately from the second closed end toward the second open end. The end of each second blade near the second closed end is the inlet end of the second blade, and the end of each second blade near the second open end is the outlet end of the second blade. A second arcuate channel is formed between two adjacent second blades. Each second arcuate channel is connected to the first open end. Each perforated slot is disposed through the outer wall and extends from the second open end toward the second closed end, and has a first end and a second end. The first end is located at the second open end. The extension direction of the line connecting the first end and the second end has a second angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the second open end. The second space and the first space are connected through each perforated slot. A third cavity is disposed within the second cavity but not in contact with the second cavity. The third cavity has a third inlet end and a third outlet end that are opposite to and connected to each other, and a third space. The third space is provided with a plurality of third blades. Each third blade extends arcuately from the third inlet end toward the third outlet end. The end of each third blade near the third inlet end is the third blade inlet end, and the end of each third blade near the third outlet end is the third blade outlet end. A third arcuate channel is formed between two adjacent third blades. The second space and the third space are connected through each of the third arcuate channels. as well as Multiple air intake pipes are connected to the first cavity. Each air intake pipe consists of a first pipe section, a connecting pipe section, and a second pipe section that are connected to each other. The end of the first pipe section connected to the connecting pipe section is the air intake end, and the end of the second pipe section connected to the connecting pipe section is the air outlet end. The air outlet end is connected to the first cavity so that each air intake pipe is connected to the first cavity. When the central axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and the horizontal height of the first open end is higher than the horizontal height of the first closed end, the horizontal height of the second closed end is higher than the horizontal height of the second open end, the horizontal height of the third inlet end is higher than the horizontal height of the third outlet end, the projection position of the first end of each of the permeable grooves is misaligned with the projection position of the second end, and the projection range of the outlet end parallel to the horizontal plane is located within the projection range of the permeable groove parallel to the horizontal plane.

2. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The axis of each of the second tubes is misaligned with the central axis and does not directly penetrate each of the through slots.

3. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, When the central axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the projected positions of the inlet end and the outlet end of the second blade are misaligned.

4. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The width of each of the second blades gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end.

5. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of each of the second blades gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end.

6. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, When the central axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the horizontal height of the exit end of the second blade is outside the projection range of the through slot parallel to the horizontal plane.

7. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, When the central axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the projected positions of the inlet end and the outlet end of each third blade are misaligned.

8. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The width of each of the third blades is equal from the inlet end to the outlet end of the third blade.

9. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of each third blade gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end of the third blade.

10. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting pipe is curved, the axis of the first pipe is parallel to the central axis, and the axis of the second pipe has a first included angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the central axis.

11. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The first cavity extends parallel to the central axis to form a cylindrical liquid inlet pipe and a cylindrical gas-liquid outlet pipe. The liquid inlet pipe is connected to the first open end, and the gas-liquid outlet pipe is connected to the third outlet end.

12. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the air intake pipes is connected to the first cavity by a connector.

13. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the first cavity gradually narrows towards the first open end and the first closed end, making the first space of the first cavity a spindle-shaped internal space.

14. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the second cavity gradually narrows towards the second open end and the second closed end, making the second space of the second cavity an elongated elliptical internal space.

15. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of air intake pipes are equidistantly arranged around and connected to the first cavity.

16. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple second blades are arranged equidistantly around the outer wall.

17. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple perforated slots are equidistantly arranged around the outer wall.

18. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The third cavity is a hollow circular tube, and the plurality of third blades are equidistantly arranged around the central axis in the third space of the third cavity.

19. The gas-liquid reaction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The central axis extends through the center of the first open end and the center of the first closed end, the center of the second closed end and the center of the second open end, and the center of the third inlet end and the center of the third outlet end.

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