A compound, fire extinguishing gel composition and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a compound, a fire extinguishing gel composition and a method of preparation and use thereof. The compound has a structure as shown in formula (I), wherein m and n are each independently an integer from 1 to 20; R1 is selected from any one of NH, O, S, C(O)NH, NHC(O), OC(O), C(O)O, SO2NH or NHSO2; R2 is selected from any one of COOH, COOR3 or C(O)NHR3; R3 is selected from any one of C1-C8 alkyl; R f is selected from C x F 2x+1 or C x F 2x -H, 4≤x≤20. The compound can be used as a highly effective gel agent for perfluorohexanone, thereby overcoming the physical limitations of liquid fire extinguishing agents.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of supramolecular chemistry and fire safety technology, and in particular to a compound, a fire extinguishing gel composition, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] The development of modern fire extinguishing technology began with the need to replace traditional fire extinguishing agents. Halon fire extinguishing agents were once widely used due to their high efficiency, but according to the Montreal Protocol, they have been phased out due to their extremely high ozone depletion potential (ODP). This has created an urgent need for efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly alternatives.

[0003] Against this backdrop, a series of fluorinated liquid fire extinguishing agents emerged, becoming mainstream alternatives to halon. These "clean" fire extinguishing agents mainly include fluoroketones (FKs), hydrofluoroethers (HFEs), and perfluorocarbons (PFCs). Among them, perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) (FK-5-1-12, trade name Novec) is particularly noteworthy. TM Fluoroketones, represented by C5F1230, are considered among the best environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agents due to their zero ODP value, extremely low GWP value (approximately 1), and extremely short atmospheric lifetime (approximately 5 days). In addition, other related fluorinated liquids, such as perfluoropentanone (C5F1230), are also considered. 10 O), perfluoroheptanone (C7F) 14 Fluorinated liquids (FRP) and its isomers (such as perfluoro-2-methyl-3-hexanone) and perfluoro-N-methylmorpholine are also considered potential fire extinguishing agents or components due to their physicochemical properties. These fluorinated liquids primarily achieve physical cooling and fire extinguishing through efficient heat absorption, supplemented by a certain degree of chemical inhibition.

[0004] However, these advanced liquid fire extinguishing agents generally have an inherent drawback: their physical form is that of a low-viscosity liquid. In practical applications, when sprayed onto a fire source or the surface of an object that needs protection, they are rapidly lost due to gravity or evaporated quickly due to heat, resulting in a short effective residence time in critical areas. This limits their fire extinguishing efficiency, especially in preventing fire reignition.

[0005] Gel-forming fire extinguishing agents is an effective way to solve this problem. Currently available fire extinguishing gels are mostly water-based hydrogels, made by absorbing a large amount of water into a polymer. For example, CN113069706A discloses a ready-to-use sodium alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent with excellent fire extinguishing performance and high practicality. CN108992828A discloses a polymeric hydrogel fire extinguishing agent with excellent fire extinguishing performance. CN120000989A discloses a novel heat-sensitive self-crosslinking hydrogel fire extinguishing agent, solving the problems of poor adhesion and low fire extinguishing efficiency of traditional water-based fire extinguishing agents on combustible surfaces, and the high viscosity and difficulty in transportation and spraying of gel-type fire extinguishing agents. However, although these products are effective in Class A fires, their water-containing characteristics make them unsuitable for water-restricted environments such as electrical equipment, data centers, and precision instruments—precision instruments that are precisely the main application areas for fluorinated liquid fire extinguishing agents.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the field for a technical solution capable of effectively gelling non-aqueous, low-polarity fluorinated liquid fire extinguishing agents. Developing low-molecular-weight organic gelling agents suitable for such special solvent systems is a highly challenging and unmet technical requirement. This invention aims to solve the problems of rapid loss and poor adhesion of low-viscosity fluorinated liquids in application. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a compound, a fire extinguishing gel composition, a method for preparing the same, and its applications. The compound serves as a highly efficient gelling agent for perfluorohexanone, thereby overcoming the physical limitations of liquid fire extinguishing agents.

[0008] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a compound having the structure shown in formula (I), R f -(CH2) n -C(O)-R1-(CH2) m -CH(R1-C(O)-(CH2) n -R f R1 is selected from any one of NH, O, S, C(O)NH, NHC(O), OC(O), C(O)O, SO2NH or NHSO2; R2 is selected from any one of COOH, COOR3 or C(O)NHR3; R3 is selected from any one of C1-C8 (e.g., C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 or C7); R2 is selected from any one of alkyl groups. f Selected from C x F2x+1 Or C x F 2x -H, 4≤x≤20 (e.g., it can be 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 or 19).

[0009] In this invention, the compound's molecular structure combines two key features: (1) an amide group capable of forming hydrogen bonds; and (2) a long perfluoroalkyl chain. While hydrogen bonds provide directional intermolecular connections, the primary driving force for self-assembly in perfluorohexanone solvents is a strong fluorous interaction. Fluorinated carbon chains are "solvent-phobic" in non-fluorinated media but exhibit strong "fluorophilicity" in fluorinated media. The perfluoroalkyl tails in the compound molecules thermodynamically tend to aggregate with each other and with surrounding perfluorohexanone solvent molecules, while separating from any non-fluorinated portions of the molecule, such as the amino acid backbone. This strong, specific interaction, analogous to hydrophobic effects in aqueous systems, drives the gelling agent molecules to self-assemble into nanofibers at extremely low concentrations with exceptional efficiency. This is a non-obvious design choice compared to conventional hydrocarbon-based gelling agents, which do not work effectively in fluorinated solvents.

[0010] Preferably, the compound is any one of the R configuration, S configuration, or racemic mixture.

[0011] Preferably, R f It is a straight-chain or branched fluorinated alkyl group.

[0012] Preferably, x is 6-12, for example, it can be 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11, etc.

[0013] In this invention, when x ≥ 6 fluorocarbon chains, the strong interactions between the fluorocarbon chains are sufficient to drive the self-assembly of molecules in an organic solvent. (C6-C) 12 The fluorine chains provide sufficient rigidity to support the fiber network while avoiding extremely low solubility due to excessively long chain segments, ensuring the gelling agent has a good range of applicability in solvents. If x is too low, the van der Waals forces generated by the carbon chains and the fluorine-fluorine interactions are too weak to overcome the solvation effect of solvent molecules, making it difficult for molecules to aggregate and only forming solutions instead of gels. If x is too high, on the one hand, solubility is reduced, the molecules are too crystallized, making them extremely difficult to dissolve in common solvents, often resulting in direct precipitation rather than gel formation; on the other hand, brittleness increases, the ultra-long chain segments are prone to excessive entanglement, making the gel structure brittle, reducing yield stress, and worsening self-healing ability (thixotropy).

[0014] Preferably, R2 is -C(O)NH-(CH2)3CH3.

[0015] In this invention, the R2 group has the following advantages in choosing the above structure: (1) Hydrogen bond multiplicity: The -NH- group is both a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor, and can form a strong intermolecular "hydrogen bond chain". This is the core driving force for building a three-dimensional network in supramolecular gels. In contrast, the ester group (-O-) can only act as a hydrogen bond acceptor and cannot form a self-complementary hydrogen bond network, resulting in a weaker gelling ability. (2) Directionality and orientation: The amide bond has some double bond properties. Its planar structure is conducive to orderly dipole-dipole interactions between molecules, guiding the gelling agent to grow in one dimension, thereby forming nanofibers with a high aspect ratio. (3) Thermodynamic stability: The system constructed by the amide bond usually has higher thermodynamic stability than the ester group system.

[0016] Preferably, the compound is derived from any one or a combination of at least two of L-lysine, D-lysine, L-ornithine, or D-ornithine.

[0017] Preferably, the compound is N 2 N 6 -Bis(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-heptadecanoyl)-L-lysine.

[0018] Preferably, the compound is N-butyl-N′-(perfluoroalkyl)-L-glutamine.

[0019] Preferably, the compound comprises any one or a combination of at least two of the following compounds: , , , , , , , , .

[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a fire extinguishing gel composition comprising the following components: the compound as described in the first aspect and a fluorinated solvent.

[0021] Preferably, the fire extinguishing gel composition further includes a co-solvent.

[0022] Preferably, the co-solvent includes isopropanol-based co-solvents.

[0023] Preferably, the isopropanol cosolvent includes isopropanol.

[0024] Preferably, the fluorinated solvent includes any one or a combination of at least two of fluoroketone solvents, hydrofluoroether solvents, perfluorocarbon solvents, or other perfluorinated compounds.

[0025] In this invention, the gelling agent has broad solvent applicability and can form stable, thermally reversible gels in a variety of fluorinated liquids.

[0026] The scientific basis for the excellent gelling ability of the gelling agent of the present invention in the above-mentioned fluorinated liquids lies in the "fluorine affinity effect". The core functional part of the gelling agent molecule is its long perfluoroalkyl chain. These chains are inherently "hydrophobic" and "hydrophobic", but at the same time exhibit strong "fluorine affinity" properties. Therefore, there is a strong non-covalent affinity interaction between the perfluoroalkyl chain of the gelling agent and the fluorinated solvent molecules. When the gelling agent is heated and dissolved in these fluorinated liquids and then cooled, the thermodynamically most favorable state is that the gelling agent molecules reduce the energy to a minimum through self-assembly. This process is driven by two main non-covalent bonds: (1) directional hydrogen bonds formed by amide groups and other parts on the molecular backbone; (2) strong "fluorine affinity" interactions between perfluoroalkyl chains and between perfluoroalkyl chains and fluorinated solvent molecules. It is this strong and selective fluorine-fluorine affinity that enables the gelling agent molecules to be efficiently precipitated from the solution and assembled into one-dimensional nanofibers. These fibers are further entangled to form a stable three-dimensional network, thereby fixing a large amount of fluorinated liquid solvent in it and forming a macroscopic gel.

[0027] The gel formation conditions and properties may vary depending on the fluorinated solvent: the minimum gel concentration typically ranges from 0.1 wt% to 10 wt%, and the cooling temperature ranges from -5°C to room temperature. The gel can usually remain stable for several months and is thermally reversible.

[0028] Furthermore, the unique chemical properties of the gelling agent of this invention (highly fluorinated tail chain) make it far more soluble in fluorinated liquids than in water or hydrocarbon solvents. This property, known as "phase-selective organic gelation" (PSOG), constitutes another valuable application of this invention. For example, when a fluorinated liquid (such as perfluorohexanone or fluorinated heat transfer fluid) leaks into an aquatic environment, the gelling agent of this invention can be sprinkled in. It selectively enters the fluorinated liquid phase, causing it to gel, thereby allowing it to be separated from the water by simple mechanical means (such as scooping), providing an effective means for environmental remediation.

[0029] Preferably, the fluoroketone solvent includes any one or a combination of at least two of perfluoropentanone, perfluoroheptanone, perfluoro-2-methyl-3-hexanone, perfluoro(3-methyl-2-butanone), or perfluorohexanone.

[0030] Preferably, the hydrofluoroether solvent includes methyl nonafluorobutyl ether and / or ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether.

[0031] Preferably, the perfluorocarbon solvent includes perfluorohexane and / or perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane.

[0032] Preferably, the other perfluorinated compounds include perfluoro-N-methylmorpholine.

[0033] Preferably, the mass percentage of the compound as described in the first aspect in the fire extinguishing gel composition is 0.1%-10%, for example, it can be 1%, 2%, 4%, 6% or 8%, etc.

[0034] Preferably, the fire extinguishing gel composition has a zero-shear viscosity greater than 100 Pa·s at 25°C, for example, it can be 120 Pa·s, 140 Pa·s, 150 Pa·s, 160 Pa·s or 180 Pa·s, etc.

[0035] Preferably, the fire extinguishing gel composition has a yield stress greater than 50 Pa at 25°C, for example, it can be 60 Pa, 70 Pa, 80 Pa, 90 Pa or 100 Pa.

[0036] Preferably, within the linear viscoelastic region, the storage modulus of the fire extinguishing gel composition at 25°C is greater than its loss modulus.

[0037] Thirdly, the present invention provides a method for preparing the fire extinguishing gel composition as described in the second aspect, the method comprising the following steps: (1) The compound, fluorinated solvent and optional co-solvent as described in the first aspect are mixed at 40-60°C (e.g., 45°C, 48°C, 50°C, 53°C or 55°C, etc.); (2) Cool to -10~30℃ (e.g., -5℃, 0℃, 5℃, 10℃ or 20℃, etc.) to obtain the fire extinguishing gel composition.

[0038] In this invention, the heat treatment in step (1) is a key step in forming a uniform and stable gel. In the solid state, gelling agent molecules are tightly aggregated by strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds and other forces between amide groups, making direct dispersion in fluorinated liquids difficult. Heating provides sufficient energy to overcome these cohesive forces, allowing individual gelling agent molecules to be fully dispersed in the solvent, forming a uniform molecular-level solution. The subsequent cooling process in step (2) is a thermodynamically controlled, ordered self-assembly process. As the temperature decreases, intermolecular hydrogen bonding and the strong "fluorine affinity" between the perfluoroalkyl chain and the fluorinated solvent become the dominant driving forces. These two synergistic effects cause the gelling agent molecules to align and assemble into fine, intertwined nanofibers. These nanofibers eventually crosslink to form a macroscopic three-dimensional network structure, which effectively fixes a large amount of fluorinated liquid fire extinguishing agent within its gaps, thus endowing the entire system with the macroscopic properties of a gel, such as high viscosity and solid-like behavior. This preparation method ensures the integrity and uniformity of the gel network structure, which is fundamental to obtaining high-performance fire extinguishing materials.

[0039] Fourthly, the present invention provides the use of the fire extinguishing gel composition as described in the second aspect in extinguishing or preventing fires.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) The compounds of the present invention can self-assemble into nanofibers at extremely low concentrations in perfluorohexanone solvent, thereby gelling the fluorinated liquid fire extinguishing agent.

[0041] (2) The gelation process of the present invention is thermally reversible. The organic gel formed has high zero-shear viscosity (>100 Pa•s), significant yield stress (>50 Pa) and viscoelastic properties of solids (G' > G''), exhibiting shear thinning behavior, which is beneficial for spray application and static adhesion.

[0042] (3) Powerful fire extinguishing and anti-reignition effects: The fire extinguishing composition prepared based on this gel agent breaks through the physical limitations of liquid clean fire extinguishing agents.

[0043] (4) Three-dimensional fire suppression: The gel can adhere firmly to vertical surfaces, ceilings and the interior of irregularly shaped equipment, and will not be lost due to gravity.

[0044] (5) Enhancement mechanism: By physically isolating oxygen, inhibiting fuel volatilization (capping effect) and the endothermic chemical inhibition effect of the fluorinated solvent itself, the fire extinguishing efficiency is significantly improved and the reignition of deep fires can be effectively prevented. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is the shear viscosity of the fire extinguishing gel composition in Application Example 1 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 It is the yield stress of the fire extinguishing gel composition in Application Example 1 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 3 It is the modulus of the fire extinguishing gel composition of Application Example 1 of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 4 It is the thixotropic nature of the fire extinguishing gel composition in Application Example 1 of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 5 This is an AFM image of the fire extinguishing gel composition of Application Example 1 of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 6 This is a SEM image of the fire extinguishing gel composition of Application Example 1 of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 7 This is a test of the fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing gel composition of Application Example 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, the following examples are merely simplified examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is determined by the claims.

[0053] Unless otherwise stated, all raw materials used in the embodiments of this invention are commercially available.

[0054] Example 1 This embodiment provides a compound, and the preparation method of the compound includes the following steps: (1) L-lysine methyl ester hydrochloride and 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-heptadecanoic acid were added to a 500 mL solvent bottle, and dichloromethane was added to the solvent bottle. Subsequently, 863.40 mg of 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, 608.59 mg of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, and 455.76 mg of triethylamine were added to the mixture, and the reaction was stopped after stirring with a magnetic stirrer at room temperature for 3 days. After extraction, rotary evaporation, recrystallization, filtration, and drying, 0.58 g of a pale yellow solid intermediate was obtained, with a yield of 49%, and named (2S)-N2,N6-bis(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-heptadecanoyl)lysine methyl ester. The intermediate was analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy (1H NMR spectroscopy). 1 The product structure was characterized by ¹H NMR. The intermediate structural formula is: The NMR results are as follows: 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.48 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 5.89 (s, 1H), 4.57 (td, J =8.0, 4.1Hz, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.31 (q, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.68–2.39 (m, 8H), 1.95–1.70 (m, 3H), 1.65–1.53 (m, 2H), 1.41 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H).

[0055] (2) The intermediate perfluoroester precursor (C) obtained in step (1) 29 H 22 F 34 N2O4) was dissolved in a small amount of chloroform. This solution was slowly added dropwise to an excess of 10 mL of n-butylamine, and the mixture was heated under reflux at 60 °C for 24 hours. After the reaction was complete, the solvent and excess n-butylamine were removed by rotary evaporation. The product was then subjected to recrystallization, filtration, and drying to obtain a yellow powder, which was the compound named (2S)-N1-butyl-N2,N6-bis(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-heptadecanoyl)lysine amide. The 1H NMR spectrum was analyzed. 1 The structure of the product was characterized by 1H NMR. The structural formula of the compound is as follows: The NMR results are as follows: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.73 (s, 1H), 6.25 (s, 1H), 5.98 (s, 1H), 4.36 (d, J = 6.9Hz, 1H), 3.29 (dt, J = 13.3, 6.4 Hz, 4H), 2.57 (d, J = 4.3 Hz, 2H), 2.51 (s,3H), 1.85 – 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.59 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 6H), 1.36 (q, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H), 0.93 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H).

[0056] Example 2 This embodiment provides a compound with the following structural formula: The NMR results are as follows: 1H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.57 (s, 1H), 4.12 (s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.90 – 2.80 (m,2H), 2.71 (s, 2H), 2.59 (d, J = 14.1 Hz, 4H), 2.15 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.90 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.71 – 1.61 (m, 2H), 1.44 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 1H).

[0057] Example 3 This embodiment provides a compound with the following structural formula: The NMR results are as follows: 1 H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.00 (s, 1H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.02 (s, 2H), 2.99 – 2.89 (m,6H), 2.72 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 5H), 2.02 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.78 (s, 1H), 1.72– 1.62 (m, 3H), 1.47 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.34 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 1H).

[0058] Example 4 This embodiment provides a compound with the following structural formula: The NMR results are as follows: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.86 (s, 1H), 4.07 (s, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 2.88 (s, 2H), 2.82 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 6H), 2.56 (s, 5H), 1.99 (d, J = 12.5 Hz,1H), 1.74 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.71 – 1.62 (m, 3H), 1.46 (s, 1H), 1.34 (d, J= 12.5 Hz, 1H).

[0059] Example 5 This embodiment provides a compound with the following structural formula: The NMR results are as follows: 1H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.65 (s, 1H), 4.25 (s, 1H), 4.22 – 4.12 (m, 2H), 3.13 (s,2H), 2.88 – 2.78 (m, 2H), 2.72 (s, 2H), 2.58 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 4H), 1.69 –1.60 (m, 3H), 1.54 – 1.44 (m, 3H), 1.42 (s, 2H), 1.36 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 1H), 0.94 (s, 3H).

[0060] Example 6 This embodiment provides a compound with the following structural formula: The NMR results are as follows: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.77 (s, 1H), 3.64 (s, 1H), 3.23 – 3.13 (m,2H), 2.88 (s, 2H), 2.82 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 5H), 2.56 (s, 4H), 1.86 (d, J = 12.3Hz, 1H), 1.74 – 1.64 (m, 3H), 1.61 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 1H), 1.48 (d, J = 12.5Hz, 1H), 1.38 – 1.33 (m, 4H), 1.31 (s, 2H), 0.90 (s, 3H).

[0061] Example 7 This embodiment provides a compound with the following structural formula: The NMR results are as follows: 1 H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.16 (s, 1H), 4.12 (s, 2H), 3.23 – 3.13 (m, 2H), 2.82 –2.69 (m, 4H), 2.59 (d, J = 14.1 Hz, 4H), 2.10 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.85 (d,J = 12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.70 – 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.55 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 1H), 1.43 (d, J= 12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.35 (s, 2H), 1.31 (s, 2H), 0.90 (s, 3H).

[0062] Example 8 This embodiment provides a compound with the following structural formula: The NMR results are as follows: 1 H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.02 (s, 1H), 3.80 (s, 1H), 3.24 – 3.14 (m, 2H), 3.02 (s,2H), 2.94 (d, J = 0.7 Hz, 2H), 2.93 – 2.83 (m, 2H), 2.72 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 4H), 1.94 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.72 – 1.64 (m, 2H), 1.63 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.49 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.39 – 1.30 (m, 5H), 0.90 (s, 3H).

[0063] Application Example 1 This application example provides a fire extinguishing gel composition, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: The compound (2S)-N1-butyl-N2,N6-bis(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-heptafluoroundecanoyl)lysine amide (100 mg, 1 wt% of the total mass of the fire extinguishing gel composition) obtained in Example 1 was placed together with perfluorohexanone (9.9 g) in a sample vial. The mixture was heated to approximately 50°C and mechanically stirred until the gelling agent was completely dissolved, forming a homogeneous, clear solution. The sample vial was allowed to cool naturally at room temperature to obtain the fire extinguishing gel composition.

[0064] Test methods (1) Rheological properties: The fire extinguishing gel compositions prepared using a rotational rheometer were analyzed in corresponding use cases and comparative application examples.

[0065] (2) Microstructure of gel network: The fire extinguishing gel composition prepared in the application example was prepared into a dry gel by slow evaporation of the solvent for microscopic morphology observation.

[0066] (3) Fire extinguishing performance: The fire extinguishing gel composition prepared in the application example was poured into a petri dish, and the solvent was slowly evaporated to prepare a gel. Another petri dish without gel preparation was used as a control group. A candle was lit, and the petri dishes coated with gel and the blank petri dish were brought into contact with the candle flame. The state of the petri dishes after contact with the flame was observed.

[0067] Test results are as follows Figure 1-7 As shown in the test results, the following can be observed: This invention solves the problem that traditional hydrocarbon-based gelling agents cannot work effectively in fluorinated solvents by using compounds containing long perfluoroalkyl chains as gelling agents. Figure 1-7 The graph shows the performance test results of the fire extinguishing gel composition used in Example 1. Figure 1 In this study, the gel exhibited extremely high zero-shear viscosity (>1000 Pa•s) and significant shear-thinning behavior. At high shear rates, the viscosity decreased by several orders of magnitude. This property is ideal for practical applications: the gel's viscosity decreases when subjected to shear forces (such as during pumping and spraying), making it easy to apply; and once it comes into contact with a surface, the shear force disappears, and its viscosity immediately recovers, thus resisting flow and dripping. Figure 3 The oscillatory stress scan results show that, within the linear viscoelastic region, the storage modulus G′ (approximately 10,000 Pa) is much greater than the loss modulus G′′ (approximately 1,000 Pa), indicating that the gel possesses a predominantly elastic, solid-like structure. The intersection of G′ and G′′ defines the gel's yield stress, measured at 150 Pa. Such a high yield stress confirms that the gel can support its own weight and adhere to vertical surfaces without flowing due to gravity. Figure 5 AFM images revealed that the gel network consists of long, intertwined nanofibers with diameters on the order of 20–50 nm. These fibers have a very high aspect ratio. Figure 6 The SEM images reveal the macroscopic properties of this network, exhibiting a porous three-dimensional structure. It is this interconnected fibrous network that effectively immobilizes the perfluorohexanone solvent through capillary forces and surface tension, thereby endowing the gel with the macroscopic properties observed in rheological measurements. Figure 7 In the study, it was observed that the gel extinguished the flame rapidly upon contact with heat, while the control group was unable to extinguish the flame.

[0068] In summary, the present invention, by adding a fluorinated gelling agent to the fire extinguishing composition, enables the fire extinguishing composition to form a stable three-dimensional fiber network through self-assembly in a fluorinated solvent, thereby obtaining a fire extinguishing gel with excellent rheological properties.

[0069] The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention fall within the protection and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound, characterized in that, The compound has a structure shown in formula (I), R f -(CH2) n -C(O)-R1-(CH2) m -CH(R1-C(O)-(CH2) n -R f )-R2 (I), Where m and n are each an independent integer from 1 to 20; R1 is selected from any one of NH, O, S, C(O)NH, NHC(O), OC(O), C(O)O, SO2NH or NHSO2; R2 is selected from any one of COOH, COOR3, or C(O)NHR3; R3 is selected from any one of the C1-C8 alkyl groups; R f Selected from C x F 2x+1 Or C x F 2x -H, 4≤x≤20.

2. The compound according to claim 1, characterized in that, R f It is a straight-chain or branched fluorinated alkyl group.

3. The compound according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, x is 6-12.

4. The compound according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, R2 is -C(O)NH-(CH2)3CH3.

5. A fire extinguishing gel composition, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing gel composition comprises the following components: the compound as described in any one of claims 1-4 and a fluorinated solvent.

6. The fire extinguishing gel composition according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing gel composition also includes a co-solvent; Preferably, the fluorinated solvent includes any one or a combination of at least two of fluoroketone solvents, hydrofluoroether solvents, perfluorocarbon solvents, or other perfluorinated compounds.

7. The fire extinguishing gel composition according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, In the fire extinguishing gel composition, the mass percentage of the compound as described in any one of claims 1-4 is 0.1%-10%.

8. The fire extinguishing gel composition according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing gel composition has a zero-shear viscosity greater than 100 Pa·s at 25°C; Preferably, the fire extinguishing gel composition has a yield stress greater than 50 Pa at 25°C; Preferably, within the linear viscoelastic region, the storage modulus of the fire extinguishing gel composition at 25°C is greater than its loss modulus.

9. A method for preparing a fire extinguishing gel composition according to any one of claims 5-8, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) The compound as described in any one of claims 1-4, the fluorinated solvent, and the optional co-solvent are mixed at 40-60°C; (2) Cool to -10~30℃ to obtain the fire extinguishing gel composition.

10. The use of a fire extinguishing gel composition as described in any one of claims 5-8 in extinguishing or preventing fires.

Images