Ventilation control system and method for temperature reduction and dust suppression of plateau drill-and-blast tunnel face

Abstract

The application provides a ventilation control system and method for cooling and dust suppression of a tunnel face in plateau drill-and-blast method, comprising a ventilation unit, a refrigeration unit, a water supply unit, a crystal formation spraying device, a control unit and a monitoring unit; the ventilation unit is used for ventilating the tunnel face; the refrigeration unit and the water supply unit are connected to the crystal formation spraying device through a low-temperature air pipeline and a water supply pipeline respectively, the low-temperature air pipeline is sleeved on the outer periphery of the water supply pipeline, and the crystal formation spraying device is arranged at the air outlet of the air pipeline; the crystal formation spraying device is used for forming porous ice crystal particles from the supercooled water entering the water supply pipeline and spraying the ice crystal particles out of the spraying port by the low-temperature air; the monitoring unit is used for collecting dust concentration, temperature and wind pressure or wind speed data in real time and transmitting the data to the control unit; and the control unit is used for cooperatively regulating and controlling the refrigeration unit, the water supply unit, the ventilation unit and the crystal formation spraying device. The application can improve the short-time dust suppression and cooling effect after blasting, reduce the risk of wet and slippery and blockage, and shorten the waiting time for entering the work site after blasting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically relating to a ventilation control system and method for cooling and dust suppression at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drilling and blasting method. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel construction at high altitudes, blasting generates a large amount of smoke, dust, and suspended particulate matter, accompanied by a rise in near-field temperature at the tunnel face. The low air pressure and low oxygen levels in high-altitude environments make workers more sensitive to dust and high temperatures, and ventilation efficiency is affected by working conditions, resulting in longer smoke and dust removal times after blasting and increased waiting time before workers can enter the work area.

[0003] Existing dust suppression measures after tunnel blasting mainly rely on ventilation and smoke extraction, along with water spraying. Ventilation has limited effectiveness in reducing peak dust levels during the initial blasting phase, and its efficiency is more significantly affected by operating conditions under low-pressure conditions at high altitudes. Conventional spraying creates a backflow turbulence zone near the tunnel face, where water mist is easily carried away by the main jet or unevenly distributed, resulting in insufficient efficiency in the collision and adhesion of fine particles and potentially causing slippery surfaces and damp equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to propose new solutions for cooling and dust suppression after drilling-and-blasting tunnel face blasting in high-altitude areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the existing technology, this invention provides a ventilation control system and method for cooling and dust suppression at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drilling and blasting method. This system concentrates dust suppression in the dust-rich backflow turbulence zone and simultaneously achieves rapid cooling. At the same time, it ensures stable crystal formation under the low-pressure conditions of the high-altitude environment and reduces the risk of icing blockage and secondary slippage through water shut-off purging and de-blocking strategies, thereby shortening the waiting time before entering the work section after blasting.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The ventilation control system for cooling and dust suppression at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drilling and blasting method includes: a ventilation unit, a cooling unit, a water supply unit, a crystallizing injection device, a control unit, and a monitoring unit. The ventilation unit includes an air duct with its outlet facing the tunnel face and its inlet connected to a fan. The cooling unit is connected to a crystallization injection device via a low-temperature air duct, and the water supply unit is connected to the crystallization injection device via a water supply pipe. The low-temperature air duct is fitted around the water supply pipe, and the crystallization injection device is located at the air duct outlet. The crystallization injection device has a crystallization channel inside, with a cooling channel around its periphery. One end of the crystallization channel is connected to the water supply pipe, and the other end has an injection nozzle. The crystallization channel contains, in sequence, an atomizing unit and a nucleation induction unit. The unit consists of a cooling channel that connects to a low-temperature air duct and runs through a crystallizing spray device. Subcooled water entering through the water supply duct forms subcooled water microdroplets under the action of the atomization unit, and then forms porous ice crystal particles through the nucleation induction unit. These particles are then carried out from the spray nozzle by the low-temperature air provided by the cooling channel. The monitoring unit is located in the area near the working face to collect dust concentration, temperature, and wind pressure or wind speed data in real time and transmit them to the control unit. The control unit coordinates and regulates the cooling unit, water supply unit, ventilation unit, and crystallizing spray device based on the real-time data.

[0006] Furthermore, the refrigeration unit is a compressor refrigeration system, and a throttling component is provided at the inlet of the low-temperature air duct into the crystallization injection device. The low-temperature air duct is provided with an insulation layer and a condensate discharge structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the water supply pipe is equipped with a filter assembly at the inlet of the crystallization jetting device, with a filtration accuracy of 50-200μm, and the water supply pipe is equipped with an air drain valve.

[0008] Furthermore, the atomizing unit is one or more combinations of a venturi atomizer, a pressure atomizing nozzle, a dual-fluid atomizing nozzle, or an ultrasonic atomizer, so that the characteristic particle size of the supercooled water microdroplets is 10-200 μm.

[0009] Furthermore, the nucleation induction unit is one or more of porous metal, spiral baffle, micro-ridge surface, or low-temperature roughened surface, used to promote rapid nucleation and freezing of supercooled water microdroplets and inhibit droplet outflow.

[0010] Furthermore, the injection port of the crystallization injection device includes an annular nozzle group, and the injection angle of the injection port can be adjusted.

[0011] A ventilation control method for cooling and dust suppression at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drill-and-blast method, employing the aforementioned ventilation control system for cooling and dust suppression at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drill-and-blast method, includes the following steps: S1: Activate the cooling unit before blasting to pre-cool the crystallizing injection device with low-temperature air; S2: After the explosion, the ventilation unit is activated for ventilation; the water supply unit is activated so that pressurized water is exchanged with the low-temperature air pipe through the water supply pipe to form subcooled water. S3: Supercooled water passes through the atomization unit of the crystallization jet device to form supercooled water microdroplets, and then passes through the nucleation induction unit to form porous ice crystal particles. These particles are then carried out from the jet nozzle by low-temperature air, forming a porous ice crystal particle coverage area downstream of the jet nozzle. S4: Monitor the turbulence zone downstream of the duct outlet using the monitoring unit; S5: Based on the turbulent zone range monitored in S4, adjust the direction of the injection nozzle so that porous ice crystal particles cover part of the turbulent zone. The porous ice crystal particles collide with and adhere to dust particles and are carried away and settled to suppress dust. During the melting or sublimation process, heat is absorbed to cool the working face area. S6: Real-time data collection of dust concentration, temperature, and wind pressure or wind speed is transmitted to the control unit via the monitoring unit; S7: The control unit coordinates and regulates the crystallization jetting device, refrigeration unit, water supply unit, and ventilation unit based on real-time data; S8: Water supply stops after dust concentration and temperature drop to preset values, low-temperature air introduction stops with a delay, and purging and unblocking are performed according to preset strategies.

[0012] Further, in step S4, the turbulent zone is a region where the angle between the local wind direction and the main jet direction is ≥90° within a range of 2 to 20 m from the ventilation duct opening, or a region where the absolute value of the pressure difference between the local static pressure and the static pressure of the adjacent main jet zone is ≥10 Pa within a range of 2 to 20 m from the ventilation duct opening.

[0013] Further, in step S7, the control unit is used to implement closed-loop control, employing segmented threshold control or PID control; when the dust concentration is higher than threshold C1, the water atomization rate and / or cold air flow rate are increased; when the dust concentration is lower than threshold C2, the water atomization rate is decreased and the system switches to a sustained spray mode, where C2... <C1。

[0014] Furthermore, in step S8, the purging and unclogging are carried out using at least one of the following methods: pulsed airflow flushing, nozzle backflushing, periodic short water pauses to maintain channel dryness, or heating and defrosting the crystallizing spray device before purging.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention generates a porous ice crystal particle cloud by atomizing and freezing low-temperature air and pressurized water at the ventilation duct opening. Based on wind direction and pressure difference, the backflow turbulence zone is determined and the injection direction is adaptively adjusted so that the ice crystal particle cloud coverage area at least partially overlaps with the backflow turbulence zone. This significantly enhances the collision, adhesion, and entrainment settling effect between the porous ice crystal particles and the blast dust particles, and can more effectively reduce the peak dust in the early stage of blasting. At the same time, the ice crystals absorb latent heat during melting and sublimation, which is superimposed on the convective heat transfer of the low-temperature airflow, achieving rapid near-field cooling of the tunnel face and improving thermal comfort and safety under high-altitude low-oxygen conditions.

[0016] This invention employs pre-cooling before blasting, enhanced-maintained segmented threshold injection after blasting, and closed-loop control based on air pressure / airflow / dust / temperature to balance effectiveness and energy consumption, thereby improving crystal formation and coverage stability under high-altitude low-pressure conditions. By using airflow purging and drainage after water shut-off, along with pulse clearing and backflushing strategies, the risk of residual water freezing and blockage is reduced, as well as the risk of slippery conditions caused by unfrozen droplets directly exiting, thus improving system reliability and engineering applicability. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of a synergistic ventilation control method for cooling and dust suppression via ice crystal spraying after blasting at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drilling and blasting method, according to the present invention. Figure 2 Top view of the system layout of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the crystallization spraying device in the system of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the water supply pipe and the low-temperature air pipe of the system of the present invention.

[0019] Reference numerals: 201—Unexcavated rock mass, 202—Crystallization jetting device, 203—Air duct, 204—Refrigeration unit, 205—Low-temperature air duct, 206—Water supply duct, 207—Water supply unit, 208—Fan, 303—Atomization unit, 304—Nucleation induction unit, 305—Jet nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] A synergistic ventilation control method for cooling and dust suppression via ice crystal injection after blasting at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drill-and-blast method, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: S1: Activate the cooling unit before blasting to pre-cool the crystallizing injection device with low-temperature air; The cooling unit is activated 3-5 minutes before detonation, allowing cryogenic air to enter the crystallizing injection device and pre-cool the cryogenic air pipeline, bringing the temperature of the pipeline to -45°C. This ensures that the crystallizing injection device is in a stable operating state when ice crystal injection is required after the explosion.

[0022] S2: After the explosion, the water supply unit is activated, allowing pressurized water to exchange heat with the low-temperature air pipe through the cooling pipe to form subcooled water.

[0023] Specifically, the water supply is turned on immediately after detonation, and the pressurized water is cooled through cooling pipes to form supercooled water.

[0024] Supercooled water is water with a temperature below 0°C or the saturation temperature corresponding to the current pressure but still in a liquid state. Its formation is due to factors such as a lack of condensation nuclei or rapid cooling, and it belongs to a thermodynamically metastable state. External disturbances will trigger rapid solidification. The formula for calculating the temperature of supercooled water is: In the formula: The outlet water temperature of the water supply pipeline; The temperature is the low temperature air. The initial air temperature. The heat transfer coefficient is... As the head of the department, The density of water, The specific heat capacity of water, For the flow rate of water, This refers to the inner diameter of the water pipe.

[0025] In a specific case, the low-temperature air temperature Initial air temperature heat transfer coefficient pipe chief The density of water Specific heat capacity of water The speed of water flow Water pipe inner diameter .

[0026] Substituting into the above formula, the outlet water temperature is calculated as follows: .

[0027] S3: The supercooled water forms supercooled water micro-droplets through the atomization unit of the crystallization injection device, and then forms porous ice crystal particles through the nucleation induction unit. The porous ice crystal particles are entrained by low-temperature air and ejected from the injection port, forming a porous ice crystal particle coverage area downstream of the injection port; preferably, the average particle size of the porous ice crystal particles is 0.1 - 3 mm, and a high-density coverage area is formed within a range of 0.5 - 6 m downstream of the injection port for the cloud of porous ice crystal particles.

[0028] Specifically, the supercooled water forms supercooled water micro-droplets through an ultrasonic atomizer, and then forms porous ice crystal particles through a low-temperature-resistant roughened surface. The porous ice crystal particles are entrained by low-temperature air and ejected from the movable injection port.

[0029] S4: Monitor the range of the turbulent zone downstream of the air duct outlet; Specifically, use a monitoring network arranged downstream of the air duct outlet to monitor the wind speed, wind direction and wind pressure at each point, and transmit the data to the control unit. The control unit, based on the collected data, marks the range of the area that meets one of the following conditions as the turbulent zone: within a range of 2 - 20 m from the ventilation pipe outlet, the included angle between the local wind direction and the main jet direction is ≥ 90°, or within a range of 2 - 20 m from the ventilation pipe outlet, the absolute value of the pressure difference where the local static pressure is lower than the static pressure of the adjacent main jet zone is ≥ 10 Pa.

[0030] S5: Based on the range of the turbulent zone monitored in S4, adjust the orientation of the movable injection port so that the porous ice crystal particles cover part of the turbulent zone, enabling the porous ice crystal particles to collide, adhere to and entrain the dust particles to settle for dust suppression, and absorb heat during the melting or sublimation process to cool the heading face area.

[0031] Specifically, according to the range of the turbulent zone, the movable injection port device adjusts the outlet direction so that the injection angle covers the heading face and at least part of the recirculation turbulent zone, enabling the porous ice crystal particles to mix fully with the soot.

[0032] S6: Set up a monitoring network in the area near the heading face, and collect the dust concentration, temperature and wind pressure or wind speed data in real time and transmit them to the control unit.

[0033] S7: The control unit conducts coordinated control on the crystallization injection device, refrigeration unit and water supply unit according to the real-time data.

[0034] The control unit is used to implement closed-loop control, adopting segmented threshold control or PID control; when the dust concentration is higher than the threshold C1, increase the water supply atomization amount and / or the cold air flow rate, and when the dust concentration is lower than the threshold C2 (C2 < C1), reduce the water supply atomization amount and switch to the maintenance injection mode.

[0035] Specifically, when a decrease in air pressure is detected leading to a drop in crystal formation efficiency, the cold air flow rate is increased or the cold air outlet temperature is decreased; when insufficient airflow is detected leading to poor backflow coverage, the ventilation airflow is increased and the injection angle is adjusted simultaneously. Preferably, an enhanced injection mode is executed 3 minutes after the explosion, followed by a sustained injection mode; in the enhanced injection mode, both the water atomization rate and the cold air flow rate are higher than in the sustained injection mode; after the dust peak, the water atomization rate is reduced, and low-temperature airflow and low-density ice crystal injection are maintained for 7 minutes; when the dust concentration and temperature reach the threshold, the water supply is stopped, and airflow continues to purge and ventilate for 3 minutes before shutdown.

[0036] S8: Water supply will stop after the dust concentration and temperature drop to the preset value. Low temperature air will be introduced with a delay and then stopped. The system will perform purging and unblocking according to the preset strategy to reduce the risk of residual water freezing and blockage.

[0037] The methods for purging, emptying, and clearing blockages include at least one of the following: pulsed airflow flushing, nozzle backflushing, periodic short-term water interruption to maintain channel dryness, or heating and defrosting the crystallizing jet device before purging.

[0038] Specifically, after stopping the water supply, maintain airflow for 5 minutes to drain residual water and prevent freezing and blockage after shutdown; use pulsed airflow to flush nozzles or backflush branches; and use nucleation induction unit and closed-loop control to suppress the direct discharge of unfrozen droplets and reduce the risk of slippery working face.

[0039] This invention improves the short-term dust and temperature reduction effect after blasting by using a complete process of "pre-cooling + crystallization + jet coupling injection + high-altitude adaptive closed-loop control + water stoppage purging and blockage removal", reduces the risk of slipperiness and blockage, and shortens the waiting time before work can resume after blasting.

[0040] This invention also provides a synergistic ventilation control system for cooling and dust suppression via ice crystal injection after blasting at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drilling and blasting method, such as... Figures 2-4 As shown, it includes: a ventilation unit, a cooling unit 204, a water supply unit 207, a crystallization spraying device 202, a control unit, and a monitoring unit; The ventilation unit includes a duct 203, with its outlet facing the tunnel face of the unexcavated rock mass 201. The inlet of the duct 203 is connected to a fan 208. The cooling unit 204 is connected to a crystallizing injection device 202 via a low-temperature air duct 205, and the water supply unit 207 is connected to the crystallizing injection device 202 via a water supply duct 206. The low-temperature air duct 205 is fitted around the water supply duct 206, and the crystallizing injection device 202 is located at the outlet of the duct 203. The crystallizing injection device 202 has a crystallizing channel inside, and a cooling channel around its periphery. One end of the crystallizing channel is connected to the water supply duct 206, and the other end has an injection nozzle 305. The crystal channel is equipped with an atomizing unit 303 and a nucleation induction unit 304 in sequence. The cooling channel is connected to the low-temperature air pipe 205 and passes through the crystallization injection device 202. The supercooled water entering through the water supply pipe 206 forms supercooled water microdroplets under the action of the atomizing unit 303, and then forms porous ice crystal particles through the nucleation induction unit 304. The particles are then carried out from the injection port 305 by the low-temperature air provided by the cooling channel. The monitoring unit is deployed in the area near the working face to collect dust concentration, temperature and wind pressure or wind speed data in real time and transmit them to the control unit. The control unit coordinates and regulates the cooling unit, water supply unit, ventilation unit and crystallization injection device according to the real-time data.

[0041] Preferably, the refrigeration unit 204 is a compressor refrigeration system that delivers low-temperature air to the crystallization injection device 202. A throttling component is provided at the inlet of the low-temperature air duct 205 into the crystallization injection device 202 to further cool the air by utilizing gas expansion to improve crystallization efficiency. The low-temperature air duct is provided with an insulation layer and a condensate drainage structure.

[0042] The water supply pipe 206 is equipped with a filter assembly at the inlet of the crystallization jet device 202, with a filtration accuracy of 50-200μm. The water supply pipe is also equipped with a drain valve for drainage and antifreeze when the machine is stopped.

[0043] Preferably, the atomizing unit 303 is one or more of a Venturi atomizer, a pressure atomizing nozzle, a dual-fluid atomizing nozzle, or an ultrasonic atomizer, so that the characteristic particle size of the supercooled water microdroplets is 10-200 μm. The nucleation induction unit 304 is one or more of a porous metal, a spiral baffle, a micro-ridged surface, or a low-temperature resistant roughened surface, used to promote the rapid nucleation and freezing of supercooled water microdroplets and suppress the slipperiness caused by direct droplet ejection. The injection port 305 of the crystallization injection device includes an annular nozzle group, and the injection angle of the injection port can be adjusted to cover the working face and the backflow turbulence zone.

[0044] Of course, the present invention may have other various embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A ventilation control system for cooling and dust suppression at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drilling and blasting method, characterized in that: include: Ventilation unit, refrigeration unit, water supply unit, crystallization spraying device, control unit, monitoring unit; The ventilation unit includes an air duct with its outlet facing the tunnel face and its inlet connected to a fan. The cooling unit is connected to a crystallization injection device via a low-temperature air duct, and the water supply unit is connected to the crystallization injection device via a water supply duct. The low-temperature air duct is fitted around the water supply duct, and the crystallization injection device is located at the air duct outlet. The crystallization injection device has a crystallization channel inside, with a cooling channel around its periphery. One end of the crystallization channel is connected to the water supply duct, and the other end has a rotating injection nozzle. The crystallization channel contains, in sequence, an atomizing unit and a nucleation induction unit. The unit has a cooling channel that connects to a low-temperature air duct and runs through a crystallizing spray device. The supercooled water entering through the water supply duct forms supercooled water microdroplets under the action of the atomization unit, and then forms porous ice crystal particles through the nucleation induction unit. The particles are then carried out from the spray nozzle by the low-temperature air provided by the cooling channel. The monitoring unit is deployed in the area near the working face to collect dust concentration, temperature and wind pressure or wind speed data in real time and transmit them to the control unit. The control unit coordinates and regulates the cooling unit, water supply unit, ventilation unit and crystallizing spray device based on the real-time data.

2. The ventilation control system for cooling and dust suppression at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drilling and blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refrigeration unit is a compressor refrigeration system. A throttling component is provided at the inlet of the low-temperature air duct into the crystallization injection device. The low-temperature air duct is equipped with an insulation layer and a condensate discharge structure.

3. The ventilation control system for cooling and dust suppression at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drilling and blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply pipeline is equipped with a filter assembly at the inlet of the crystallization jetting device, with a filtration accuracy of 50-200μm, and the water supply pipeline is equipped with an air drain valve.

4. The ventilation control system for cooling and dust suppression at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drilling and blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The atomizing unit is one or more of a Venturi atomizer, a pressure atomizing nozzle, a dual-fluid atomizing nozzle, or an ultrasonic atomizer, so that the characteristic particle size of the supercooled water microdroplets is 10-200 μm.

5. The ventilation control system for cooling and dust suppression at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drilling and blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nucleation induction unit is one or more of porous metal, spiral baffle, micro-ridge surface or low-temperature roughened surface, used to promote rapid nucleation and freezing of supercooled water microdroplets and inhibit droplet outflow.

6. The ventilation control system for cooling and dust suppression at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drilling and blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The injection port of the crystallization injection device includes an annular nozzle group, and the injection angle of the injection port can be adjusted.

7. A ventilation control method for cooling and dust suppression at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drilling and blasting method, employing the ventilation control system for cooling and dust suppression at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drilling and blasting method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Activate the cooling unit before blasting to pre-cool the crystallizing injection device with low-temperature air; S2: After the explosion, the ventilation unit is activated for ventilation; the water supply unit is activated so that pressurized water is exchanged with the low-temperature air pipe through the water supply pipe to form subcooled water. S3: Supercooled water passes through the atomization unit of the crystallization jet device to form supercooled water microdroplets, and then passes through the nucleation induction unit to form porous ice crystal particles. These particles are then carried out from the jet nozzle by low-temperature air, forming a porous ice crystal particle coverage area downstream of the jet nozzle. S4: Monitor the turbulence zone downstream of the duct outlet using the monitoring unit; S5: Based on the turbulent zone range monitored in S4, adjust the direction of the injection nozzle so that porous ice crystal particles cover part of the turbulent zone. The porous ice crystal particles collide with and adhere to dust particles and are carried away and settled to suppress dust. During the melting or sublimation process, heat is absorbed to cool the working face area. S6: Real-time data collection of dust concentration, temperature, and wind pressure or wind speed is transmitted to the control unit via the monitoring unit; S7: The control unit coordinates and regulates the crystallization jetting device, refrigeration unit, water supply unit, and ventilation unit based on real-time data; S8: Water supply stops after dust concentration and temperature drop to preset values, low-temperature air introduction stops with a delay, and purging and unblocking are performed according to preset strategies.

8. The ventilation control method for cooling and dust suppression at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drilling and blasting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, the turbulent zone is a region where the angle between the local wind direction and the main jet direction is ≥90° within a range of 2 to 20 m from the ventilation duct opening, or a region where the absolute value of the pressure difference between the local static pressure and the static pressure of the adjacent main jet region is ≥10 Pa within a range of 2 to 20 m from the ventilation duct opening.

9. The ventilation control method for cooling and dust suppression at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drilling and blasting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S7, the control unit is used to implement closed-loop control, employing segmented threshold control or PID control; when the dust concentration is higher than threshold C1, the water atomization rate and / or cold air flow rate are increased; when the dust concentration is lower than threshold C2, the water atomization rate is decreased and the system switches to a sustained spray mode, where C2... <C1。 10. The ventilation control method for cooling and dust suppression at the tunnel face using the high-altitude drilling and blasting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S8, purging and clearing blockages are performed using at least one of the following methods: pulsed airflow flushing, nozzle backflushing, periodic short water pauses to maintain channel dryness, or defrosting the crystallization jet device by heating before purging.

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