A trolley plug-in intelligent dryer with graphene heating plate structure

Abstract

The application discloses a trolley plug-in gun type intelligent drying machine adopting a graphene heating plate structure, and relates to the technical field of intelligent drying machine design and manufacturing. The trolley plug-in gun type intelligent drying machine comprises a drying machine body, movable trolleys, heating assemblies and a temperature control system. The drying machine body is made of a heat preservation and insulation material. The number of the movable trolleys is several groups, and the movable trolleys are placed in the interior of the drying machine body. The number of the heating assemblies is several groups, and the heating assemblies are installed on the movable trolleys. The temperature control system is arranged on the drying machine body and is connected with the heating assemblies. A limiting assembly for limiting the position of the movable trolleys is arranged on the drying machine body. The trolley plug-in gun type intelligent drying machine adopts a mode that multiple movable trolleys are combined with the drying machine body, the heating assemblies are installed on the movable trolleys, and the medicinal materials are directly heated, so that rapid heating is realized, energy saving and power saving are achieved, the use effect is good, and the trolley plug-in gun type intelligent drying machine has a good use prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent dryer design and manufacturing technology, and in particular to an intelligent dryer device using a plug-in type with a graphene heating plate mounted on a trolley. Background Technology

[0002] Herbal dryers are mechanical equipment specifically designed for the dehydration and drying of Chinese medicinal herbs. Their core function is to reduce the moisture content of the herbs to facilitate storage and transportation, while preserving the medicinal components to the greatest extent possible. This effectively solves the problems of low efficiency and susceptibility to weather factors in traditional natural drying. The equipment mainly consists of a heating device, an air supply and dehumidification system, a material conveying system, and an intelligent control system. Some models are also equipped with heat recovery devices to improve energy efficiency.

[0003] Based on the drying principle, medicinal herb dryers can be divided into hot air, spray, radiation, vacuum freezing, and heat pump types. Among them, heat pump dryers are the most widely used due to their energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and precise temperature control features. Their core operation is to generate hot air by heating or heat pump technology, so that the hot air can fully contact the medicinal materials, promote moisture evaporation and timely dehumidification. The temperature can be precisely adjusted within the range of 5℃-90℃ to adapt to the characteristics of different medicinal materials.

[0004] Existing traditional heat source drying equipment generally looks like this:

[0005] Conventional heat pump dryers have slow heating rates, significant energy efficiency degradation in low-temperature environments, large equipment size, poor heat exchange matching for hanging and layered materials, and long drying cycles.

[0006] Existing graphene heating and drying equipment generally looks like this:

[0007] Using graphene heating film as a heat source to replace traditional electric heating elements to achieve far-infrared radiation + hot air composite drying, although improving thermal efficiency, has the following common drawbacks:

[0008] Graphene heating plates are mostly fixedly packaged, with electrical connections using terminal crimping and fixed wiring, lacking a quick-plug structure. The heating racks are traditionally fixed, resulting in long material replacement times. Heat sources are mostly single-sided / back-mounted, with a fixed distance between the heating surface and the material, preventing even heat radiation coverage and causing drying delays for deeper materials. The lack of modular, independent power supply design means that a single heating plate failure can easily lead to circuit malfunctions, resulting in low equipment fault tolerance. Furthermore, the electrical interfaces lack waterproofing, making them prone to moisture-induced short circuits and wiring misalignment under high humidity conditions during food / medicinal material drying.

[0009] In summary, existing drying equipment has certain defects in use and does not meet the requirements for drying medicinal materials. Therefore, we propose a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The main objective of this invention is to provide a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure. This invention uses multiple sets of mobile trolleys combined with the main body of the dryer, and installs the heating components on the mobile trolleys to directly heat the medicinal materials, achieving rapid temperature rise, thereby saving energy and electricity, having good performance, and showing good application prospects. It can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0012] A trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure includes a dryer body, a mobile trolley, heating components, and a temperature control system.

[0013] The main body of the dryer is made of heat-insulating material;

[0014] There are several sets of mobile trolleys, which are placed inside the main body of the dryer.

[0015] The heating components are in several groups and are mounted on a mobile trolley.

[0016] The temperature control system is installed on the main body of the dryer and is connected to the heating components.

[0017] The dryer body is equipped with a limiting component that restricts the position of the moving trolley.

[0018] Preferably, the mobile trolley includes a material rack and a material tray equipped with a movable structure;

[0019] The material rack equipped with a movable structure is confined inside the dryer body by a limiting component;

[0020] There are several sets of material trays, which are detachably installed on the material rack;

[0021] The heating components are mounted on the material rack and the material tray.

[0022] Preferably, the heating assembly includes a power supply backbone and a graphene heating plate;

[0023] The main power supply is installed on the material rack;

[0024] The number of graphene heating plates is several sets, and the graphene heating plates are set on the material tray;

[0025] The graphene heating plate is hot-swappably connected to the power supply backbone, and a heat-conducting tray can be placed on the material tray.

[0026] Preferably, the limiting assembly includes a limiting rod and a limiting member;

[0027] There are several sets of limit rods, which are installed at the lower end of the material rack near the four corners.

[0028] The number of limiting components is several sets. The limiting components are installed at the lower end of the dryer body, and the limiting components are equipped with sensors to identify the limiting rods.

[0029] When the sensor detects the limit rod, it activates the limit device to limit the limit rod.

[0030] Preferably, the limiting component includes a mounting bracket, a lifting component, and a limiting sleeve;

[0031] The mounting bracket is fixedly connected to the slot on the dryer body;

[0032] The lifting components are fixedly installed inside the mounting frame;

[0033] The limit sleeve is fixedly installed on the telescopic end of the lifting component;

[0034] The upper end of the limiting sleeve passes through the upper end of the mounting frame and extends into the interior of the dryer body, and is inserted into the limiting rod. The sensing element is embedded in the upper end of the mounting frame.

[0035] Preferably, the temperature control system includes a temperature controller, a dehumidification system, an air circulation device, a temperature monitoring component, and a power supply component;

[0036] The temperature controller is mounted on the outer surface of the dryer body and is equipped with a PID algorithm.

[0037] The dehumidification system is installed on the side of the dryer body;

[0038] An air circulation device is installed on top of the dryer body;

[0039] The temperature monitoring components are located inside the dryer body;

[0040] The power supply components are installed inside the main body of the dryer;

[0041] The temperature controller, dehumidification system, air circulation device, power supply backbone, and temperature monitoring component are all electrically connected to the power supply component, and the temperature controller is wirelessly connected to the dehumidification system, air circulation device, and temperature monitoring component.

[0042] Preferably, the temperature monitoring component includes a primary control temperature sensor and a secondary control temperature sensor;

[0043] The main control temperature sensor is electrically connected to the power supply component via a cable, and the main control temperature sensor is attached to the surface of the graphene heating plate;

[0044] There are several sets of secondary temperature sensors, which are installed on the inner wall of the dryer body near the top and bottom.

[0045] Preferably, the dryer also includes a humidity sensor and a secondary humidity sensor, wherein the humidity sensor is installed inside the dryer body near the top, and the secondary humidity sensor is installed inside the dryer body near the bottom.

[0046] Preferably, the front end of the dryer body is provided with a sealed door and an observation window, the observation window is located on one side of the sealed door, support feet are fixedly installed at the four corners of the lower end face of the dryer body, and lifting casters are installed at the lower end of the dryer body.

[0047] Preferably, the graphene heating plate includes a steel plate layer, a graphene heating layer, and an aluminum plate layer, with the graphene heating layer disposed between the steel plate layer and the aluminum plate layer.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0049] Firstly, this solution provides a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure. The invention uses multiple sets of mobile trolleys combined with the main body of the dryer. The heating components are installed on the mobile trolleys to directly heat the medicinal materials, achieving rapid temperature rise, thereby saving energy and electricity, with good performance and promising application prospects.

[0050] Secondly, this solution provides a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure. It adopts a PID algorithm and a surface temperature sensor to achieve a control accuracy of ±0.5℃, effectively solving the defect of traditional heat pump systems with an accuracy of ±2-3℃. This achieves precise constant temperature, thereby improving the drying effect of medicinal materials and showing good application prospects.

[0051] Thirdly, this solution provides a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure. It uses a mobile trolley, which is convenient for loading and unloading materials to be dried and materials that have been dried. Each trolley has a silicon controlled rectifier frequency converter, which effectively extends the service life of the heating plate, provides precise temperature control, avoids the loss of volatile substances, improves the retention rate of effective components, has good performance, and has good application prospects.

[0052] Fourth, this solution provides a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure. The heating uses a graphene heating plate, which emits far-infrared rays with a wavelength of 8-15μm, which have a selective heating effect on the moisture of medicinal materials. It can penetrate the surface of the medicinal materials and cause the internal water molecules to resonate and generate heat. The heat acts directly on the inside of the material, avoiding the problem of material dampness and mold caused by high surface temperature and internal humidity in traditional dryers. The material has uniform dryness, significantly improves the shelf life, has good performance, and has good application prospects.

[0053] Fifth, this solution provides a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure. It is equipped with a limiting component, which limits the movement of the trolley inside the dryer body during use. This allows for easy fixation, effectively prevents collisions between the trolleys, maintains the spacing between them, improves the heating effect of the medicinal materials, and has good performance and promising application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is an application structure diagram of a trolley-mounted intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to the present invention.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a trolley-mounted intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to the present invention.

[0056] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the mobile trolley in a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to the present invention.

[0057] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the main body of the trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to the present invention.

[0058] Figure 5 This is a partial internal structural diagram of the main body of the trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to the present invention.

[0059] Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the limiting component in a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to the present invention.

[0060] Figure 7 This is the main circuit diagram of a trolley-mounted intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to the present invention.

[0061] Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of the PLC power supply in a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to the present invention.

[0062] Figure 9This is the main circuit diagram of analog quantities in a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to the present invention.

[0063] Figure 10 This is the output circuit diagram of a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to the present invention.

[0064] In the diagram: 1. Dryer body; 11. Observation window; 12. Support leg; 13. Lifting caster wheel; 14. Humidity sensor; 15. Secondary humidity sensor; 16. Sealed door; 2. Mobile trolley; 21. Material rack; 22. Material tray; 3. Heating assembly; 31. Heat-conducting tray; 32. Graphene heating plate; 4. Temperature control system; 41. Temperature controller; 42. Dehumidification system; 43. Air circulation device; 44. Temperature monitoring assembly; 441. Main control temperature sensor; 45. Power supply assembly; 5. Limiting assembly; 51. Limiting rod; 52. Limiting component; 53. Sensing component; 54. Lifting component; 55. Limiting sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0065] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0066] This application provides a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure, which solves the problems of existing solutions where graphene heating plates are mostly fixedly packaged, electrical connections are fixed after terminal crimping, lacking a quick-plug structure, heating racks are traditionally fixed, resulting in long material replacement times; heat source arrangement is mostly single-sided / back-attached, with a fixed distance between the heating surface and the material, resulting in uneven heat radiation coverage of the material, and deep materials still suffer from drying delays; there is no modular independent power supply design, and failure of a single heating plate can easily lead to abnormality of the entire circuit, resulting in low equipment fault tolerance; the electrical interface lacks a waterproof structure, which can easily lead to moisture-induced short circuits and electrical connection misalignment safety hazards under high humidity conditions for food / medicinal material drying.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] like Figure 1-10 As shown, a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure includes a dryer body 1, a mobile trolley 2, a heating component 3, and a temperature control system 4.

[0069] The dryer body 1 is made of heat insulation material; there are several sets of mobile trolleys 2, which are placed inside the dryer body 1; there are several sets of heating components 3, which are installed on the mobile trolleys 2; the temperature control system 4 is installed on the dryer body 1 and is connected to the heating components 3; and the dryer body 1 is provided with a limiting component 5 that limits the position of the mobile trolleys 2.

[0070] When in use, place the medicinal materials in the material tray 22 and push it into the dryer body 1. Move the mobile trolley 2 into the dryer body 1, activate the limit component 5 to accurately position and lock the mobile trolley 2, activate the heating component 3, and achieve precise control of the drying temperature of the medicinal materials through the temperature control system 4.

[0071] This invention provides a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure. The invention uses multiple sets of mobile trolleys 2 combined with the dryer body 1, and installs the heating components 3 on the mobile trolleys 2 to directly heat the medicinal materials, achieving rapid temperature rise and energy saving. It has good performance and promising application prospects.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 1-6 As shown, this embodiment also describes the following structure:

[0074] The mobile trolley 2 includes a material rack 21 and a material tray 22 with a movable structure; the material rack 21 with the movable structure is limited inside the dryer body 1 by a limiting component; there are several sets of material trays 22, and the material trays 22 are detachably installed on the material rack 21; wherein, the heating component 3 is set on the material rack 21 and the material tray 22.

[0075] When in use, spread the medicinal materials to be dried evenly in the material tray 22 and push it into the dryer body 1 for drying. Before drying, the material tray 22 can flexibly increase or decrease the number of layers according to the type of medicinal materials and the difference in moisture content. Moreover, its detachable design makes it easy to quickly replace and clean, significantly shortening the material replacement cycle and reducing the material replacement time.

[0076] Heating component 3 includes a power supply backbone and a graphene heating plate 32;

[0077] The power supply backbone is installed on the material rack 21; there are several sets of graphene heating plates 32, which are set on the material tray 22; the graphene heating plates 32 are hot-swappable connected to the power supply backbone, and a heat-conducting tray 31 can be placed on the material tray 22.

[0078] The graphene heating plate 32 has high thermal conductivity and uniform heating characteristics. When used with the heat-conducting tray 31, it can achieve a surface temperature fluctuation of ≤±0.5℃ for medicinal materials. The hot-swappable design supports single-unit replacement, avoiding downtime for maintenance. The heat-conducting tray 31 is mainly used for special small and difficult-to-handle medicinal materials. Using the heat-conducting tray 31 can effectively prevent the medicinal materials from scattering and improve the uniformity of heating. The surface of the heat-conducting tray 31 has a microporous structure, which takes into account both air permeability and heat conduction efficiency, ensuring that moisture is quickly discharged without affecting the consistency of drying.

[0079] When the graphene heating plate 32 is in use, after being powered on, the electric field drives the free electrons in the graphene to move at high speed, colliding and rubbing violently with carbon atoms. Electrical energy is directly and efficiently converted into heat energy. The electrothermal conversion efficiency of the graphene heating plate 32 is ≥95%, and some can reach 99%+, with almost no waste of electrical energy. While heating, it releases 8-15μm far-infrared rays, transferring heat through both radiation and conduction. Compared with traditional heat pump dryers, it has significant advantages, making the dried items heat evenly, shortening the drying time, and reducing the defect of traditional heat pumps where the near end of the heat pump dries quickly and the far end dries slowly.

[0080] This solution provides a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure. It adopts a PID algorithm and a surface temperature sensor to achieve a control accuracy of ±0.5℃, effectively solving the shortcomings of traditional heat pump systems with an accuracy of ±2-3℃. This enables precise temperature control and improves the drying effect of medicinal materials, showing promising application prospects.

[0081] Example 3

[0082] Based on Example 2, such as Figure 1-6 As shown, this embodiment also describes the following structure:

[0083] The limiting assembly 5 includes a limiting rod 51 and a limiting member 52;

[0084] There are several sets of limit rods 51, which are installed at the lower end of the material rack 21 near the four corners; there are several sets of limit components 52, which are installed at the lower end of the dryer body 1, and the limit components 52 are equipped with sensors 53 that identify the limit rods 51; when the sensor 53 senses the limit rod 51, it activates the limit component 52 to limit the limit rod 51.

[0085] When in use, when the mobile trolley 2 pushes the dryer body 1 to the designated position, the sensor 53 captures the signal of the limit rod 51 in real time, triggering the electromagnetic locking mechanism to respond instantly, ensuring that the material rack 21 is accurately positioned without deviation; at this time, the limit component 52 is activated to limit the position of the limit rod 51, preventing thermal field shift and temperature gradient imbalance caused by slight movement of the trolley.

[0086] The limiting component 52 includes a mounting bracket, a lifting component 54, and a limiting sleeve 55;

[0087] The mounting frame is fixedly connected to the slot opened on the dryer body 1; the lifting component 54 is fixedly installed inside the mounting frame; the limiting sleeve 55 is fixedly installed on the telescopic end of the lifting component 54;

[0088] The upper end of the limiting sleeve 55 passes through the upper end of the mounting frame and extends into the interior of the dryer body 1, and is inserted into the limiting rod 51. The sensing element 53 is embedded in the upper end of the mounting frame.

[0089] When in use, the lifting component 54 completes the extension and retraction action within 0.3 seconds after receiving the sensing signal. The lifting component 54 adopts an electric telescopic rod, and the limiting sleeve 55 is precisely fitted into the root of the limiting rod 51 to form a rigid constraint; multi-point limiting, thereby realizing the fixation of the moving trolley 2, ensuring that the material rack 21 has no displacement deviation throughout the drying process, and the temperature control accuracy is stable within ±0.3℃.

[0090] This solution provides a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure. It is equipped with a limiting component 5. During use, the mobile trolley 2 is limited inside the dryer body 1 by the limiting component 5, which can be easily fixed, effectively prevent the mobile trolleys 2 from colliding with each other, maintain the interval between the mobile trolleys 2, improve the heating effect of the medicinal materials, and has good performance and good application prospects.

[0091] Example 4

[0092] Based on Example 3, such as Figure 1-6 As shown, this embodiment also describes the following structure:

[0093] The temperature control system 4 includes a temperature controller 41, a dehumidification system 42, an air circulation device 43, a temperature monitoring component 44, and a power supply component 45. The temperature controller 41 is mounted on the outer surface of the dryer body 1 and incorporates a PID algorithm. The dehumidification system 42 is installed on the side of the dryer body 1. The air circulation device 43 is installed on the top of the dryer body 1. The temperature monitoring component 44 is located inside the dryer body 1. The power supply component 45 is installed inside the dryer body 1. The temperature controller 41, dehumidification system 42, air circulation device 43, power supply backbone, and temperature monitoring component 44 are all electrically connected to the power supply component 45, and the temperature controller 41 is wirelessly connected to the dehumidification system 42, air circulation device 43, and temperature monitoring component 44.

[0094] The core of the air circulation device 43 is an internal circulation fan, whose main function is to circulate the temperature inside the main body 1 of the dryer and ensure a uniform temperature field. In principle, it does not start during the heating period, but the air valve starts when the temperature difference between the top and bottom areas is greater than 5°C.

[0095] The core of the dehumidification system 42 is the exhaust valve, whose main function is to remove moisture, venting the moisture inside the dryer body 1 to the outside, achieving a forced exhaust effect. When forced exhaust is required, the circulating air valve closes and the exhaust valve opens. Start-up conditions include: control based on material processing, and automatic switching based on temperature difference.

[0096] The temperature controller 41 collects temperature data from multiple points inside the cavity in real time through the temperature monitoring component 44, and dynamically adjusts the start and stop frequency of the dehumidification system 42 and the fan speed of the air circulation device 43 in combination with the PID algorithm.

[0097] There is a docking gun on the power supply mainline. When the docking gun is plugged into the gun head on the power supply component 45, the graphene heating plate 32 is heated.

[0098] During use, the power supply component 45 provides power, the graphene heating plate 32 provides heating, and the temperature monitoring component 44 is activated to monitor the temperature changes inside the chamber and transmit the data back to the temperature controller 41 in real time. The PID algorithm performs calculations every 0.5 seconds to fine-tune the opening of the dehumidification valve and the fan speed, so that the hot air evenly covers each layer of the material rack 21. When the temperature at a certain point deviates from the set value by more than ±0.15℃, the air circulation device 43 automatically enhances the local airflow disturbance, and works in conjunction with the zoned temperature control function of the graphene heating plate 32 to ensure that the standard deviation of the temperature field distribution in the entire chamber is ≤0.21℃.

[0099] The temperature monitoring component 44 includes a primary temperature sensor 441 and a secondary temperature sensor.

[0100] The main control temperature sensor 441 is electrically connected to the power supply component 45 via a cable, and the main control temperature sensor 441 is attached to the surface of the graphene heating plate 32; there are several sets of secondary control temperature sensors, which are set on the inner wall of the dryer body 1 near the upper and lower ends.

[0101] The main control temperature sensor 441 provides real-time feedback on the intrinsic temperature of the heating surface, while the secondary control sensor constructs a gradient model of the temperature difference between the upper and lower parts. The data from both are fused and corrected by the temperature controller 41 to eliminate thermal inertia delay. Moreover, in actual use, the temperature at the bottom of the dryer body 1 is slightly lower than that at the top. The bottom heating power is dynamically increased through a gradient compensation algorithm to keep the temperature difference between the upper and lower parts stably controlled within 0.18℃.

[0102] When the PID algorithm is used in practice, it takes the data from the main control sensor as the benchmark and combines the gradient deviation value of the secondary control sensor to perform dual-loop feedback calibration: the outer loop corrects the set temperature, and the inner loop regulates the heating power output. In each round of calculation, the system prioritizes to compensate for the heat conduction lag and dynamically optimizes the integral time constant according to the rate of change of ambient temperature and humidity.

[0103] The specific steps for using the PID algorithm are as follows: complete the setting of basic parameters, the calibration of the sensor, and the calculation of the initial compensation amount, so as to provide an accurate benchmark for subsequent PID calculations;

[0104] Specifically, firstly, zero-point and range calibration is performed on the main control sensor and the secondary control sensor. The main control temperature sensor 441 is used to monitor the temperature of the core area of ​​the controlled object, and the secondary control temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the auxiliary area. After calibration, the basic lag time of heat conduction is recorded. At the same time, the temperature and humidity sensors are initialized, and the sampling period of the environmental change rate is set. Secondly, the basic parameters of the PID are preset, the temperature correction loop is set, and the proportional coefficient and derivative coefficient are preset to weaken the integral effect. Initially, the integral coefficient is set to zero to avoid frequent fluctuations in the target temperature. The power control loop is set, and the proportional coefficient, basic integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient are preset. At the same time, various core thresholds are set, covering the temperature control accuracy threshold, the secondary control sensor gradient deviation threshold, and the environmental temperature and humidity change rate threshold, so as to ensure that the subsequent calculations have clear judgment criteria. Finally, based on the calibrated basic lag time of heat conduction and the rated heating power of the system, the initial heat conduction lag compensation is calculated with the help of the experimentally calibrated lag compensation coefficient.

[0105] Acquire valid and interference-free sensor data to provide reliable input for PID calculations and prevent abnormal data from affecting control accuracy;

[0106] Specifically, according to a fixed calculation cycle, the system synchronously collects the core area temperature monitored by the main control sensor, the auxiliary area temperature monitored by the secondary control sensor, the ambient temperature, the ambient humidity, and the real-time output power feedback value of the heating actuator. After the data collection is completed, the temperature data from the main and secondary control temperature sensors are processed by moving average filtering to eliminate interference caused by instantaneous fluctuations and ensure data stability. Subsequently, the validity of all collected data is verified. If the sensor value exceeds the range or the sudden change exceeds the preset threshold, it is judged as abnormal data, and the valid data from the previous calculation cycle is used. An alarm message is marked to remind the staff to investigate. Finally, the relevant gradient and rate of change are calculated. By combining the difference between the secondary control temperature in the current cycle and the previous cycle with the calculation cycle, the gradient deviation of the secondary control sensor is obtained. By combining the difference between the ambient temperature and the ambient humidity in the current cycle and the previous cycle with the environmental change rate collection cycle, the ambient temperature change rate and the ambient humidity change rate are calculated respectively. Then, they are combined into a comprehensive environmental change rate by using a humidity weighting coefficient.

[0107] Based on the temperature monitored by the main control temperature sensor 441, and combined with the secondary control gradient deviation and thermal conduction hysteresis compensation, the set temperature is corrected to compensate for the error caused by thermal conduction hysteresis in advance.

[0108] The main temperature sensor 441 controls the heating temperature of the entire drying room. It directly contacts the surface of the heating plate, and the temperature control point is located on the middle layer of the heating plate in the trolley to achieve precise temperature control. The principle is that hot air rises naturally from the bottom, forming a temperature stratification between the top and bottom, with the temperature in the middle being closer to the actual required temperature.

[0109] The secondary temperature sensor is mainly used to detect the ambient temperature inside the chamber. It does not directly contact the heating plate and is not the main source of information for controlling heating or cooling. Instead, it determines the temperature difference between different areas, which is a prerequisite for starting the internal circulation fan. The temperature control points are selected at the temperature of the uppermost and lowermost cavity, and should be as far away from the internal circulation air outlet as possible. Principle: Detect the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the chamber.

[0110] Specifically, the process is as follows: First, the deviation between the initial set temperature and the measured temperature of the main control sensor is calculated, which serves as the basis for the outer loop PID calculation. Second, the heat conduction lag compensation is updated by combining the gradient deviation of the secondary control sensor. The faster the secondary control temperature rises, the larger the lag compensation, thereby enabling early prediction and correction of temperature changes. Then, the core calculation of the outer loop PID is performed, adding the initial set temperature, the result of multiplying the proportional coefficient by the basis deviation, the result of multiplying the derivative coefficient by the secondary control gradient deviation, and the updated lag compensation to obtain the corrected inner loop set temperature. Finally, the corrected set temperature is limited to ensure it remains within the system's safe temperature range, preventing it from exceeding the equipment's safe operating range.

[0111] Based on the combined rate of change of ambient temperature and humidity, the inner loop integral time constant is dynamically optimized to adapt to environmental disturbances, prevent integral saturation, and ensure the stability of power regulation.

[0112] First, clarify the relationship between the integral time constant and the integral coefficient. A larger integral time constant results in a weaker integral effect. When the rate of environmental change increases, the integral time constant should be increased to weaken the integral effect and prevent integral saturation. Second, calculate the dynamic integral coefficient based on the preset base integral coefficient, adjustment coefficient, overall environmental change rate, and environmental change rate threshold. When the overall environmental change rate reaches or exceeds the preset threshold, the integral coefficient needs to be appropriately reduced to ensure the integral effect remains within a reasonable range. Finally, limit the calculated dynamic integral coefficient to maintain it within 10% to 100% of the base integral coefficient to prevent the integral effect from becoming ineffective or excessively strong, thus affecting the control effect.

[0113] With the corrected set temperature as the target, the heating power output is precisely controlled to eliminate the temperature deviation monitored by the main control temperature sensor 441 and achieve stable temperature control.

[0114] Specifically, firstly, two core deviations are calculated: the deviation between the corrected set temperature and the actual temperature measured by the main control sensor, and the deviation between the power calculated in the previous cycle and the current real-time power feedback value. Then, the inner-loop PID core operation is performed, adding the results of multiplying the proportional coefficient by the temperature deviation, the dynamic integral coefficient by the integral value of the temperature deviation, and the derivative coefficient by the rate of change of the temperature deviation. This is then subtracted from the result of multiplying the power feedback proportional coefficient by the power feedback deviation, thus obtaining the calculated heating power value for this operation. The integral value of the temperature deviation is accumulated according to the operation cycle, and an integral saturation limit is implemented to prevent excessive integration. Finally, the calculated heating power is converted into an output form that the heating actuator can recognize and is limited to ensure that the power is within the minimum and maximum power range for safe operation of the equipment. If the main control temperature deviation is less than the preset control accuracy threshold, the current power output is maintained to avoid temperature fluctuations caused by frequent adjustments.

[0115] The calculated heating power is transmitted to the actuator, the system's operating status is recorded, providing a reference for the next round of calculations, and ensuring the system can operate safely.

[0116] First, the calculated heating power is transmitted to the heating actuator, and the power output time is recorded to ensure that the actuator works accurately according to the instructions. Second, all core data of this calculation is stored, including the main control temperature, secondary control temperature, corrected set temperature, calculated heating power value, and comprehensive environmental change rate, for subsequent parameter optimization and troubleshooting. Finally, anomaly monitoring is carried out. If the main control temperature deviation exceeds twice the preset accuracy threshold within three consecutive calculation cycles, or if the sensor malfunctions, an alarm should be triggered immediately, and the heating power should be reduced to the minimum safe power to prevent equipment damage due to overheating and ensure system safety.

[0117] The above process is repeated according to a fixed calculation cycle to build a closed-loop control mechanism and continuously optimize the control accuracy to ensure that the temperature of the controlled object remains stable.

[0118] After the preset calculation cycle ends, data from each sensor is collected again, and all operations from steps two to six are repeated to enter the next round of PID calculation, so as to form continuous closed-loop control. In addition, in order to adapt to parameter drift that may occur during long-term operation of the system, after every 100 rounds of calculation, the basic parameters such as the proportional coefficients of the outer and inner loops can be fine-tuned based on historical deviation data, thereby further improving control accuracy and system stability.

[0119] It also includes a humidity sensor 14 and a secondary humidity sensor 15. The humidity sensor is installed inside the dryer body 1 near the top, and the secondary humidity sensor 15 is installed inside the dryer body 1 near the bottom.

[0120] During use, humidity sensor 14 and secondary humidity sensor 15 synchronously collect humidity data from the upper and lower areas, and input the data into the humidity PID control module after calibration. Because the humidity at the bottom of the dryer body 1 is lower than that at the top, when the humidity difference reaches the set value, the air circulation device 43 is activated to make the hot and humid air flow evenly from bottom to top, accelerating the evaporation and diffusion of moisture. At the same time, the humidity PID control module dynamically adjusts the speed of the circulating fan and the heating power ratio based on the difference in data from the two sensors to avoid local over-drying or moisture accumulation. When the humidity difference between the upper and lower areas remains stable within ±2%RH for 30 seconds, the drying uniformity is determined to be up to standard, and the machine automatically enters the heat preservation standby stage.

[0121] The front end of the dryer body 1 is provided with a sealing door 16 and an observation window 11. The observation window 11 is located on one side of the sealing door 16. Support feet 12 are fixedly installed at the four corners of the lower end face of the dryer body 1. Lifting casters 13 are installed at the lower end of the dryer body 1.

[0122] During use, the lifting casters 13 can be driven by an electric push rod to lift smoothly, ensuring that the equipment moves flexibly and is positioned accurately; the sealing door 16 adopts a magnetic double locking structure, combined with a high-temperature resistant silicone sealing strip, to ensure airtightness and safety in high-temperature and high-humidity environments; the observation window 11 is made of multiple layers of explosion-proof tempered glass with a built-in low-emissivity coating, which can monitor the drying status in real time and effectively block heat loss.

[0123] The graphene heating plate 32 includes a steel plate layer, a graphene heating layer, and an aluminum plate layer, with the graphene heating layer disposed between the steel plate layer and the aluminum plate layer.

[0124] The aluminum plate has high thermal conductivity and is lightweight, which can quickly and evenly spread the heat of the film surface to the entire plate surface to avoid local overheating. The steel plate provides structural strength, rigidity and protection, and is resistant to temperature, pressure and deformation. It is suitable for industrial / equipment scenarios. The whole is a uniform heat source in a planar shape, which heats up quickly, has a small temperature difference and a uniform heat field.

[0125] The graphene heating layer heats up rapidly after being powered on, and its heat conduction efficiency is significantly improved compared to traditional heating wires. It can reach the set temperature within 3 seconds, and the temperature field uniformity error is ≤±1.5℃. The aluminum plate layer acts as a heat-conducting and heat-spreading body, effectively eliminating local hot spots, while the steel plate layer provides structural support and electromagnetic shielding.

[0126] This solution provides a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure. It uses a mobile trolley 2 to facilitate loading and unloading of materials to be dried and materials that have already been dried. Each trolley is equipped with a silicon controlled rectifier frequency converter, which effectively extends the service life of the heating plate, provides precise temperature control, avoids the loss of volatile substances, improves the retention rate of effective components, has good performance, and has good application prospects.

[0127] This solution provides a trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure. The heating uses a graphene heating plate 32, which emits far-infrared rays with a wavelength of 8-15μm. These rays have a selective heating effect on the moisture of medicinal materials, can penetrate the surface of the medicinal materials, and cause the internal water molecules to resonate and generate heat. The heat acts directly on the inside of the material, avoiding the problem of material dampness and mold caused by high surface temperature and internal humidity in traditional dryers. The material has uniform dryness, significantly improves shelf life, has good performance, and has good application prospects.

[0128] The graphene heating plate 32 selects the corresponding menu process route based on the material, such as star anise, for example, the drying process:

[0129] Step 1: Heating temperature 60℃, holding time 60 minutes; forced exhaust;

[0130] Step 2: Heating temperature 55℃, holding time 240min; forced exhaust;

[0131] Step 3: Heating temperature 50℃, holding time 240min; internal circulation;

[0132] Step 4: Heating temperature 45℃, holding time 180 minutes; forced exhaust;

[0133] Step 5: Heating temperature 55℃, holding time 120 minutes; internal circulation;

[0134] The graphene heating plate's 32°C heating process utilizes thyristors and temperature sensors to ensure full-power operation, achieving the fastest possible temperature reach. The principle is to collect and control the temperature at a single point. The heating plate accurately receives temperature sensor signals, operates at full power, and quickly reaches the set temperature, maintaining a temperature difference of ±0.5°C. Advantages: Traditional temperature control uses contactors, which suffers from frequent contactor engagement, hindering heating plate protection. The current system uses thyristor frequency conversion control, protecting the heating plate from burnout by frequent switching and ensuring precise temperature control.

[0135] It should be noted that when the dried medicinal material is Chinese yam, the specific process is as follows:

[0136] Selection of raw materials: Choose fresh, unrotten, disease-free, straight-shaped, and plump Chinese yams. Varieties with high starch content and firm flesh are preferred. Cleaning: Thoroughly clean the surface of the yams with running water or high-pressure spray equipment to remove dirt and impurities. Peeling: Use mechanical friction or manual scraping to remove the skin and fibrous roots, but do not peel off too much flesh. Process immediately after peeling to prevent oxidation and blackening.

[0137] Quickly soak the peeled yam in a color-protecting solution. Common formulas include 0.5%–1% sodium sulfite (or sodium metabisulfite) solution, vitamin C solution, or citric acid solution. Soak for about 5–10 minutes to effectively inhibit enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning and maintain the yam's white color.

[0138] Slices are suitable for making yam slices (medicinal slices or ingredients), and the thickness is usually 3-5 mm. The thickness should be uniform to ensure a consistent drying rate.

[0139] Cutting into sections is suitable for making dried yam for soup. Cut it into 5-8 cm cylindrical sections, or split it in half or into quarters.

[0140] Blanch the slices in hot water at 90-95℃ for 2-5 minutes, or use steam to blanch them, to completely inactivate the enzyme (polyphenol oxidase) and prevent browning; to denature the cell wall and accelerate the drying process; and to kill surface microorganisms.

[0141] The processed yam slices / segments should be evenly and in a single layer laid on the drying tray or mesh belt. Stacking is strictly prohibited, otherwise it will lead to uneven ventilation, inconsistent drying speed, or even mold growth.

[0142] The drying process is divided into three stages:

[0143] Phase 1: Rapid heating and dehumidification (constant-rate drying phase)

[0144] Temperature: Set at 50-55℃; Humidity: The system dehumidifies at full capacity to maintain a low humidity environment; Time: Approximately 2-3 hours (depending on the thickness of the slice).

[0145] Status: Surface moisture evaporates rapidly, and the material is in a constant-rate drying state. This stage requires a large air volume and high dehumidification.

[0146] Second stage: Constant temperature and slow-speed drying (setting stage)

[0147] Temperature: Increase to 60-65℃, Humidity: Control system dehumidifies appropriately, Time: Approximately 4-6 hours.

[0148] State: Internal moisture migrates and diffuses outward, and the drying rate gradually slows down. This stage is the core stage for moisture removal and morphological fixation.

[0149] Third stage: Cooling and slowing down the drying rate (equilibrium stage)

[0150] Temperature: Reduce to 55-60℃, and later to around 50℃; Humidity: Low humidity and slow dehumidification; Time: Approximately 2-3 hours.

[0151] Condition: Remove the most difficult-to-remove bound water to achieve a balanced moisture content inside and out, preventing the outside from burning while the inside remains damp. The final moisture content must be reduced to below 13% (safe storage standard).

[0152] Temperature should not be too high: the maximum temperature throughout the process should not exceed 70℃. Excessive temperature can lead to:

[0153] Surface hardening (crust): Internal moisture cannot escape, forming a sugar core.

[0154] Nutritional loss: especially starch gelatinization and polysaccharide degradation.

[0155] Yellowing or browning: This indicates an intensified Maillard reaction, affecting the product's appearance.

[0156] Precise humidity control: High humidity in the early stages without proper dehumidification can easily lead to discoloration of the material during cooking; excessive dryness in the later stages can cause brittleness and breakage. Modern drying equipment can effectively solve these problems through automatic dehumidifiers.

[0157] Uniform ventilation: Ensure uniform airflow and temperature at all points in the drying room, and periodically change the position of the drying trays (for static drying rooms).

[0158] Judging the degree of dryness: Touch: When breaking a slice of Chinese yam by hand, it should feel hard and brittle, making a crisp sound. Measurement: Using a moisture meter, the moisture content should be ≤13%. Appearance: Milky white or slightly yellow, with flat slices and no browning or scorching spots.

[0159] Post-processing and packaging;

[0160] Cooling: After drying, remove the dried yam and allow it to cool naturally to room temperature in a dry and clean environment to prevent moisture from re-entering the packaging. Screening: Remove any unqualified products that are discolored, deformed, or broken. Packaging: Immediately seal the package in food-grade plastic bags or aluminum foil bags. If possible, vacuum or nitrogen-filled packaging can be used. Store in a cool, dry, and dark place. Moisture prevention, insect prevention, and rodent prevention are key.

[0161] It should be noted that when the dried medicinal material is ginger, the specific process is as follows:

[0162] Pre-treatment: Ginger selection and cleaning: Select fresh, plump, and unrotten ginger, and thoroughly clean it to remove dirt and sand; Slicing / cutting: Cut into slices (usually 2-4mm) or chunks of uniform thickness as needed to ensure consistent drying; Color protection (optional): Short-time blanching or citric acid soaking can be used to prevent enzymatic browning and maintain a golden color.

[0163] Graphene drying stage (core): Equipment: Spread ginger slices evenly on the drying tray and place them in the graphene far-infrared drying room or drying box; heating elements (graphene heating plate / film) are usually arranged around the material or between layers.

[0164] Segmented intelligent drying curve:

[0165] Phase 1 (Heating and Dehumidification): Set the temperature to 50-55℃ for 1-2 hours. The high temperature rapidly inhibits enzyme activity while simultaneously removing a large amount of free water from the surface. The dehumidification system must be fully operational during this phase.

[0166] Second stage (constant-rate drying): Set temperature 60-65℃, time 4-8 hours. This is the main dehydration stage, where internal moisture continuously migrates outward and evaporates. Automatic dehumidification adjustment is required based on humidity levels.

[0167] The third stage (slow-down drying): Set the temperature to 55-60℃ and the time to 2-4 hours. With less moisture remaining, reduce the temperature and dry slowly to prevent scorching and ensure uniform moisture content.

[0168] Fourth stage (cooling): Turn off the heating and use the residual heat and ventilation to allow the ginger slices to cool to room temperature and prevent them from getting damp.

[0169] Post-processing: Screening and inspection: Remove products that fail to meet drying standards; Packaging: Immediately package the products with moisture-proof and airtight packaging materials.

[0170] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A trolley-mounted intelligent dryer employing a graphene heating plate structure, characterized in that, include: The main body of the dryer (1) is made of heat insulation material; Mobile trolleys (2), which are in several groups, are placed inside the dryer body (1); Heating components (3), which are in several groups, are installed on a mobile cart (2); Temperature control system (4) is installed on the dryer body (1) and is connected to heating component (3); The dryer body (1) is provided with a limiting component (5) that limits the position of the moving trolley (2).

2. The trolley-mounted intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mobile cart (2) includes: The material rack (21) with a movable structure is fixed inside the dryer body (1) by a limiting component; The material trays (22) are in several groups and are detachably mounted on the material rack (21); The heating component (3) is mounted on the material rack (21) and the material tray (22).

3. The trolley-mounted intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heating component (3) includes: The main power supply is installed on the material rack (21); Graphene heating plates (32) are arranged in several groups on a material tray (22). The graphene heating plate (32) is hot-swappably connected to the power supply backbone, and a heat-conducting tray (31) can be placed on the material tray (22).

4. A trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The limiting component (5) includes: The limiting rods (51) are in several sets, and the limiting rods (51) are installed at the lower end of the material rack (21) near the four corners; The limiting component (52) is in several sets. The limiting component (52) is installed at the lower end of the dryer body (1). The limiting component (52) is equipped with a sensor (53) that identifies the limiting rod (51). When the sensing element (53) senses the limiting rod (51), the limiting element (52) is activated to limit the limiting rod (51).

5. A trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The limiting member (52) includes: The mounting bracket is fixedly connected to the slot opened on the dryer body (1); The lifting component (54) is fixedly installed inside the mounting frame; The limiting sleeve (55) is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the lifting component (54); The upper end of the limiting sleeve (55) passes through the upper end of the mounting frame and extends into the interior of the dryer body (1), and is inserted into the limiting rod (51). The sensing element (53) is embedded in the upper end of the mounting frame.

6. A trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The temperature control system (4) includes: Temperature controller (41) is mounted on the outer surface of the dryer body (1) and is equipped with PID algorithm; A dehumidification system (42) is installed on the side of the dryer body (1); An air circulation device (43) is installed on top of the dryer body (1); Temperature monitoring component (44) is located inside the dryer body (1); Power supply components (45) are installed inside the dryer body (1); The temperature controller (41), dehumidification system (42), air circulation device (43), power supply trunk and temperature monitoring component (44) are all electrically connected to the power supply component (45), and the temperature controller (41) is wirelessly connected to the dehumidification system (42), air circulation device (43) and temperature monitoring component (44).

7. A trolley-mounted intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The temperature monitoring component (44) includes: The main control temperature sensor (441) is electrically connected to the power supply component (45) via a cable, and the main control temperature sensor (441) is attached to the surface of the graphene heating plate (32); The secondary temperature sensors are in several groups and are located on the inner wall of the dryer body (1) near the upper and lower ends.

8. A trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a humidity sensor (14) and a secondary humidity sensor (15), the humidity sensor being installed inside the dryer body (1) near the top, and the secondary humidity sensor (15) being installed inside the dryer body (1) near the bottom.

9. A trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the dryer body (1) is provided with a sealing door (16) and an observation window (11). The observation window (11) is located on one side of the sealing door (16). Support feet (12) are fixedly installed at the four corners of the lower end face of the dryer body (1). Lifting casters (13) are installed at the lower end of the dryer body (1).

10. A trolley-type intelligent dryer with a graphene heating plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The graphene heating plate (32) includes a steel plate layer, a graphene heating layer and an aluminum plate layer, wherein the graphene heating layer is disposed between the steel plate layer and the aluminum plate layer.

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