An intelligent gasket and monitoring system for isolator service condition monitoring

Abstract

The application provides an intelligent gasket for vibration isolator service state monitoring and a monitoring system, and relates to the technical field of structural health monitoring. The gasket body is adapted to the size specification of a conventional vibration isolator gasket, at least one flexible intelligent chip is arranged on the stress surface of the gasket body, and an installation position is arranged on the side or center of the gasket body. Each flexible intelligent chip contains a sensing node, and all the sensing nodes are distributed on the stress surface of the gasket body. The intelligent aggregation unit is arranged on the installation position and is electrically connected with the flexible intelligent chip. The flexible connection structure connects the sensing node with the flexible intelligent chip and connects the flexible intelligent chip with the intelligent aggregation unit, so that the sensing node can adaptively displace with the deformation of the gasket body. The application adopts distributed flexible intelligent chips, flexible connection structures, multi-node coupling calculation, and jacking replacement installation process to realize high-precision stress monitoring of the vibration isolator without structural modification, supports wireless remote transmission, and is suitable for multiple application scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of structural health monitoring technology, and in particular to an intelligent gasket and monitoring system for monitoring the service status of vibration isolators. Background Technology

[0002] Vibration isolators are widely used in buildings, bridges, and machinery to reduce vibration transmission. During installation and maintenance, the shims, as key components for adjusting height and distributing pressure, directly affect the performance and structural safety of the isolator. However, during use, the stress state of the isolator can change due to factors such as aging, settlement, and load variations. If this is not monitored in time, it may lead to structural safety hazards.

[0003] Existing methods for detecting the stress state of line-of-sight vibration isolators include the following categories: (1) Embedded sensor monitoring scheme: A floating plate vibration isolator (CN202323181380.7) that can monitor the performance of elastic elements. By setting pressure sensors and displacement sensors inside the vibration isolator, the stress on the load-bearing plate and the displacement of the outer cylinder are monitored in real time, thereby analyzing the various coefficients of the damping spring and detecting whether the vibration isolator has failed. This scheme integrates the sensors inside the vibration isolator, which is an intelligent design of the vibration isolator body.

[0004] (2) External measuring device scheme: An airbag vibration isolator gasket measuring system (CN202410041512.6) consists of a measuring device, a data acquisition device and a host computer, which measures the gasket thickness data through multiple sets of eddy current displacement sensors. This scheme is used to measure the gasket thickness rather than monitor the stress state, and is an auxiliary measuring tool before installation.

[0005] (3) Smart gaskets applied to damper preload monitoring scheme: A smart friction damper (CN201920428208.1) that can monitor preload changes adds piezoelectric or fiber optic smart gaskets to the bolt connection, and works with a cloud architecture system to monitor bolt preload changes. This scheme applies smart gaskets to the preload monitoring of the damper bolt connection, rather than to the vibration isolator stress monitoring.

[0006] (4) Seismic isolation bearing monitoring scheme: A seismic isolation bearing monitoring device (CN223202777U) is set with a first monitoring element and a second monitoring element. When the aging and loosening of the buffer material causes excessive displacement of the top plate, a contact alarm is triggered. This scheme adopts contact monitoring and cannot achieve continuous force measurement.

[0007] Based on the above analysis of existing technologies, the current implementation schemes closest to this invention have the following shortcomings: (1) Complex installation, requiring modification of the original structure and the use of professional personnel and tools: The embedded sensor scheme requires pre-embedding sensors during the manufacturing process of the vibration isolator, which is not applicable to the intelligent upgrade of the already installed vibration isolator. (2) Single monitoring object, unable to directly measure the force on the gasket: Existing gasket measurement systems mainly target the measurement of gasket thickness, rather than real-time monitoring of the force state. (3) Difficult to adapt to the dynamic deformation of the vibration isolator: Existing schemes mostly adopt rigid connections or fixed installations, which cannot adapt to the displacement and deformation generated by the vibration isolator during use, resulting in poor long-term monitoring stability. (4) Limited measurement accuracy: Single-point sensor measurements are easily affected by local stress concentration and temperature drift, making it difficult to accurately reflect the overall force state of the vibration isolator. (5) Unable to achieve continuous remote monitoring and long-term trend analysis: Some schemes adopt contact alarm methods, which can only issue signals when the threshold is triggered, making it impossible to achieve continuous monitoring and trend analysis of the force state.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an intelligent gasket and monitoring system for monitoring the service status of vibration isolators, which can achieve stress monitoring without changing the existing vibration isolator structure, improve the accuracy and reliability of stress measurement, ensure the stability of long-term measurement, and realize the analysis and early warning of the service status of vibration isolators through measurement data. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides an intelligent shim and monitoring system for monitoring the service status of vibration isolators. The intelligent shim can directly replace the original shim, achieving stress monitoring without altering the existing vibration isolator structure. Through multi-sensor node coupling calculation, the accuracy and reliability of stress measurement are improved. Through a flexible link structure, the sensing nodes adapt to the dynamic deformation of the vibration isolator, enabling long-term stable detection and anomaly early warning.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: A smart pad and monitoring system for monitoring the service status of vibration isolators includes a pad body, a flexible smart core, a smart convergence unit, and a flexible connection structure. The pad body is adapted to the size specifications of conventional vibration isolator pads, and at least one flexible smart core is arranged on its stress surface, with a mounting position on the side or center. Each flexible smart core contains a sensing node, and all sensing nodes are distributed on the stress surface of the pad body. The smart convergence unit is located at the mounting position and is electrically connected to the flexible smart core. The flexible connection structure connects the sensing nodes to the flexible smart core and the flexible smart core to the smart convergence unit, allowing the sensing nodes to adaptively displace with the deformation of the pad body.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the gasket body is made of high-strength alloy steel, the mounting position is a reserved groove opened in the center or side of the gasket body, and the intelligent convergence unit is embedded in the reserved groove.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the flexible connection structure is a flexible circuit board or flexible film with polyimide substrate, the sensing node is a micro strain gauge, the thickness of the flexible circuit board is 0.2mm, and the sensing node is flexibly linked to the pad body.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the number of the flexible intelligent chips is three, which are evenly distributed in an isosceles triangle at the corners of the force-bearing surface of the pad body; the intelligent convergence unit integrates an STM32 series microcontroller, an NB-IoT wireless communication module and a lithium battery power module, and is connected to the sensing nodes of the three flexible intelligent chips through flexible cables to realize data acquisition and power supply.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the gasket body is also provided with a wire groove, and an energy transmission unit is arranged in the wire groove. The energy transmission unit is connected with the intelligent convergence unit and the flexible intelligent core to form a centralized power supply circuit. The flexible intelligent core is provided with a first fixing screw hole, and the flexible intelligent core is installed in the stress surface of the intelligent gasket through the first screw hole. The flexible intelligent core has a built-in storage module, control module, energy storage unit and signal transmission module. The sensing node collects the strain electrical signal of the gasket body, which is initially processed by the control module and transmitted to the intelligent convergence unit by the signal transmission module. At the same time, the storage module locally buffers the original strain electrical signal, and the energy storage unit stores the electrical energy transmitted by the centralized power supply circuit to power the various modules of the flexible intelligent core.

[0015] The present invention also provides a monitoring system for monitoring the service status of vibration isolators, the system further including a cloud platform and a user terminal; The intelligent aggregation unit of the intelligent pad establishes a wireless data transmission connection with the cloud platform, and the cloud platform interacts with the user terminal. The intelligent aggregation unit collects strain data from each sensing node, converts the strain data into force data of the vibration isolator through a built-in coupling calculation algorithm, and uploads the processed force data to the cloud platform. The cloud platform stores and analyzes the force data, and sends early warning information to the user terminal when abnormal force is detected.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, when the number of sensing nodes of the smart pad is three, the force data of the vibration isolator is calculated using the coupling calculation algorithm, and the formula is F=k1×ε1+k2×ε2+k3×ε3+k 12 ×ε1×ε2+k 23 ×ε2×ε3+k31 ×ε3×ε1+C1; where F represents the total load of the vibration isolator, ε1, ε2, and ε3 represent the strain values ​​of the three sensing nodes, and k1, k2, and k3 all represent linear coefficients, k 12 k 23 k 31 Both represent coupling coefficients, and C1 is a constant term.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, when the smart pad has two sensing nodes, the coupling calculation algorithm adopts a differential compensation method, with the formula F=(ε1+ε2)×k mean +(ε1-ε2)×k diff +C2; where F represents the total load of the vibration isolator, ε1 and ε2 represent the strain values ​​of the two sensing nodes, and k mean k represents the average coefficient. diff C1 represents the difference coefficient, and C2 is the constant term.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, when the smart pad has only one sensing node, the coupling calculation algorithm is a cubic polynomial calibration curve, with the formula F=a×ε. 3 +b×ε 2 +c×ε+d; where F represents the total load of the vibration isolator, ε represents the strain value of the sensing node, and a, b, c, and d all represent polynomial coefficients.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the strain data acquisition frequency of the intelligent convergence unit can be adjusted according to the number of sensing nodes. When the cloud platform detects that the force on the vibration isolator exceeds a preset threshold or the rate of force change exceeds a preset range, an abnormal warning is triggered, and the warning information is sent to the user terminal via SMS or application push.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention achieves integrated sensing and monitoring of the service status of vibration isolators through the collaborative design of a flexible connection structure, a distributed layout of a flexible intelligent chip, and an intelligent convergence unit. It can be directly adapted and installed without modifying the original structure of the vibration isolator. At the same time, the sensing nodes adapt to the displacement of the gasket body as it deforms, effectively solving the technical problems of complex installation and inability to adapt to the dynamic deformation of vibration isolators in traditional monitoring devices, thus improving the adaptability and stability of vibration isolator stress monitoring.

[0021] The gasket body of the present invention is made of high-strength alloy steel, and the intelligent convergence unit is embedded in the reserved groove of the gasket body. This not only ensures the load-bearing strength of the gasket, but also realizes the integrated integration of the monitoring component and the gasket, simplifies the overall structure, reduces the difficulty of installation and maintenance, and improves the structural compactness and reliability of the intelligent gasket.

[0022] The flexible connection structure of the present invention can be a flexible circuit board or a flexible film with a polyimide substrate. The flexible circuit board has a thickness of 0.2 mm and can realize a flexible connection between the sensing node and the pad body. The two flexible structure schemes can adapt to different application scenarios. They can effectively avoid measurement errors and sensor damage caused by rigid connections, and reduce the impact of the monitoring components on the original mechanical properties of the pad, thus ensuring the authenticity of the force measurement.

[0023] This invention utilizes three flexible intelligent chips arranged in an isosceles triangle, combined with an intelligent convergence unit integrating an STM32 series microcontroller and an NB-IoT wireless communication module, to achieve multi-node distributed data acquisition and wireless remote transmission of vibration isolator stress. The multi-node acquisition method can effectively eliminate measurement deviations caused by local stress concentration and improve the accuracy of stress monitoring. The wireless transmission enables remote real-time uploading of monitoring data, facilitating remote management and control of the vibration isolator's service status.

[0024] This invention forms a centralized power supply circuit between the intelligent aggregation unit and the flexible sensing chip through the energy transmission unit in the cable tray. The flexible sensing chip has built-in storage, control and signal transmission modules, which can perform preliminary processing, local caching and stable transmission of strain electrical signals collected by the sensing nodes, forming a working architecture of "centralized power supply + distributed storage". This not only effectively reduces system power consumption, but also improves the reliability of monitoring data transmission and storage security, and avoids data loss. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a smart pad, a smart converging unit, and a vibration isolator for monitoring the service status of a vibration isolator, as disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a smart gasket structure for monitoring the service status of vibration isolators, as disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the smart gasket installation process disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a monitoring system architecture for monitoring the service status of vibration isolators, as disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Vibration isolator; 2. Gasket body; 3. Intelligent convergence unit; 4. Soft-feel smart chip; 5. Cable tray; 6. Energy transmission unit; 7. Energy storage unit; 8. First fixing screw hole; 9. Control module; 10. Sensing node; 11. Storage module; 12. Signal transmission module; 13. Second fixing screw hole. Detailed Implementation

[0027] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, a smart pad for monitoring the service status of a vibration isolator includes: a pad body 2, a flexible smart core 4, a smart convergence unit 3, and a flexible connection structure; the pad body 2 is adapted to the size and specifications of a conventional vibration isolator 1 pad, and at least one flexible smart core 4 is arranged on its stress surface, with mounting positions on the side or center; each flexible smart core 4 contains a sensing node 10, and all sensing nodes 10 are distributed on the stress surface of the pad body 2; the smart convergence unit 3 is located at the mounting position and is electrically connected to the flexible smart core 4; the flexible connection structure connects the sensing node 10 to the flexible smart core 4, and the flexible smart core 4 to the smart convergence unit 3, so that the sensing node 10 can adaptively displace with the deformation of the pad body 2. The intelligent gasket of the present invention integrates sensing, computing and transmission components to upgrade the gasket from passive load-bearing to active sensing. The distributed sensing nodes 10, in conjunction with the flexible connection structure, are not only compatible with the installation specifications of conventional vibration isolators 1, but also allow the sensing nodes 10 to adapt to the displacement of the gasket as it deforms, avoiding measurement errors caused by rigid constraints. At the same time, there is no need to modify the original structure of the vibration isolator 1, which greatly improves the adaptability and ease of installation of the monitoring device.

[0031] Specifically, the dimensions of the gasket body 2 are completely consistent with those of the commonly used vibration isolators 1 in fields such as construction, bridges, and mechanical equipment. Its force-bearing surface is the end face facing the bottom of the vibration isolator 1. The location of the installation position can be flexibly selected according to the installation space of the vibration isolator 1. The side installation position is suitable for scenarios with ample space, and the center installation position is suitable for scenarios with limited space. The sensing nodes 10 are distributed with the flexible smart chip 4. The layout form is a single point in the center, 180° symmetrical, or isosceles triangle distribution according to the number of flexible smart chips 4. The flexible connection structure is a continuous connection without rigid bending sections, ensuring that the sensing nodes 10 can make unrestrained adaptive displacement with the slight deformation of the gasket body 2, eliminating the boundary constraint effect. The electrical connection between the sensing nodes 10 and the intelligent convergence unit 3 is a flexible conductive connection, which deforms synchronously with the displacement and does not affect the transmission of electrical signals.

[0032] In some embodiments, the gasket body 2 is made of high-strength alloy steel, and the mounting position is a pre-reserved groove opened in the center or side of the gasket body 2, into which the intelligent converging unit 3 is embedded. The high-strength alloy steel material ensures the load-bearing strength and structural stability of the gasket body 2, meeting the load transfer requirements of the vibration isolator 1, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the reserved groove-type mounting position enables the embedded integration of the intelligent aggregation unit 3, allowing the monitoring component and the gasket body 2 to form an integrated structure. This not only avoids damage to the intelligent aggregation unit 3 from external squeezing and collision, but also simplifies the overall structure and improves the structural compactness and reliability of the intelligent gasket.

[0033] Specifically, the gasket body 2 is made of high-strength alloy steel through forging and precision machining, with a tensile strength ≥600MPa and a compressive strength ≥1000MPa, meeting the load-bearing requirements of the vibration isolator 1; the size of the reserved groove matches the outer dimensions of the intelligent converging unit 3, with a gap of 0.5-1mm, and the inner wall of the groove is provided with an anti-slip rubber pad. After the intelligent converging unit 3 is installed, it is fixed by buckles or a waterproof adhesive layer. The reserved groove on the side is located in the middle of the side of the gasket body 2, with a depth of 2 / 3 of the thickness of the intelligent converging unit 3. The reserved groove in the center is a countersunk hole structure that does not penetrate the gasket body 2, ensuring that the load-bearing performance of the body is not affected.

[0034] In some embodiments, the flexible connection structure is a flexible circuit board or flexible film with a polyimide substrate, and the sensing node 10 is a micro-strain gauge. The flexible circuit board has a thickness of 0.2 mm and flexibly connects the sensing node 10 to the gasket body 2. These two flexible connection structure schemes can adapt to different application scenarios and cost requirements. The flexible circuit board with a polyimide substrate combines flexibility and conductive stability, while the flexible film has higher deformation adaptability. Both can achieve a non-rigid constraint connection between the sensing node 10 and the gasket body 2, avoiding measurement errors and sensor damage caused by rigid connections. Simultaneously, they reduce the impact of the monitoring components on the original mechanical properties of the gasket, ensuring the authenticity of the force measurement. The 0.2 mm thick flexible circuit board can undergo slight bending deformation with the gasket body 2 without generating additional stress, ensuring the accuracy of the data collected by the sensing node 10.

[0035] Specifically, the flexible circuit board uses polyimide as the substrate and copper foil as the conductive layer, with a thickness precisely controlled at 0.2mm. An insulating protective layer is provided on the surface. One end is soldered to the pin of the sensing node 10, and the other end is plugged into the interface of the flexible sensing chip 4. The connection is waterproof and sealed. The flexible film is a conductive silicone film with built-in conductive silver paste circuitry. It is connected to the sensing node 10 and the flexible sensing chip 4 by adhesive bonding, which can adapt to a larger range of deformation. The micro strain gauge is a resistance strain gauge with a gauge length of 2-5mm. It is pasted on the side of the flexible sensing chip 4 facing the pad body 2 and flexibly fits the pad body 2. It deforms synchronously with the strain of the pad body 2, and there is no rigid bonding between the strain gauge and the pad body 2, ensuring the displacement adaptability of the sensing node 10.

[0036] In some embodiments, the number of soft-feel smart chips 4 is three, evenly distributed in an isosceles triangle at the corners of the force-bearing surface of the pad body 2, such as... Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the intelligent aggregation unit 3 integrates an STM32 series microcontroller, an NB-IoT wireless communication module, and a lithium battery power module. It connects to the sensing nodes 10 of the three flexible intelligent chips 4 via flexible cables, enabling data acquisition and power supply. The three flexible intelligent chips 4 are arranged in an isosceles triangle, allowing for distributed acquisition of the force on the vibration isolator 1 across all dimensions. This effectively eliminates measurement deviations caused by local stress concentration, improving the accuracy and comprehensiveness of force monitoring. The intelligent aggregation unit 3 integrates a high-performance microcontroller, a remote wireless communication module, and an independent power supply, enabling local data computation, remote transmission, and autonomous power supply without the need for an external power source, thus enhancing the portability and remote monitoring capabilities of the intelligent pad.

[0037] Specifically, three flexible smart chips 4 are respectively located at the three corners of the force-bearing surface of the pad body 2, with equal spacing between each pair, forming an isosceles triangle layout, covering the main force-bearing area of ​​the pad body 2; the intelligent aggregation unit 3 adopts an STM32F4 series microcontroller with a main frequency ≥168MHz, which has high-speed data processing capabilities; the NB-IoT wireless communication module has a communication frequency band of 800 / 900MHz, supporting low-power wide-area network transmission; the lithium battery power module is a 3.7V rechargeable lithium battery with a capacity ≥2000mAh, equipped with a power management circuit, supporting overcharge and over-discharge protection; the flexible cable is a 24-core flexible flat cable, which is seamlessly connected to the flexible connection structure, and is connected to the signal transmission module 12 and power interface of the three flexible smart chips 4 respectively, realizing data acquisition and power supply of the three sensing nodes 10 at the same time. The length of the cable is adapted according to the distance between the flexible smart chip 4 and the installation position, with a 5-10mm deformation margin reserved to ensure that the cable is not pulled when the sensing node 10 is displaced.

[0038] In some embodiments, the gasket body 2 also has a wire groove 5, such as Figure 1 , 2 As shown, an energy transmission unit 6 is installed inside the cable tray 5. The energy transmission unit 6 is connected to the intelligent convergence unit 3 and the flexible smart chip 4 to form a centralized power supply circuit. The flexible smart chip 4 is provided with a first fixing screw hole 8. The flexible smart chip 4 is installed in the force-bearing surface of the intelligent pad through the first screw hole. The flexible smart chip 4 has a built-in storage module 11, a control module 9, an energy storage unit 7, and a signal transmission module 12, such as... Figure 2 As shown, sensing node 10 collects the strain electrical signal of the gasket body 2, which is initially processed by control module 9 and transmitted to intelligent aggregation unit 3 by signal transmission module 12. Simultaneously, storage module 11 locally buffers the original strain electrical signal, and energy storage unit 7 stores the electrical energy transmitted from the centralized power supply circuit to power the various modules of the flexible sensing chip 4. The energy transmission unit 6 within the cable tray 5 enables centralized power supply to the flexible sensing chip 4 from intelligent aggregation unit 3, replacing multiple independent power supplies and reducing system power consumption and wiring complexity. The flexible sensing chip 4 is detachably installed via the first fixing screw hole 8, facilitating maintenance and replacement. The flexible sensing chip 4 incorporates multiple modules for local preliminary signal processing, transmission, and buffering, forming a "centralized power supply + distributed storage" architecture. This improves data transmission efficiency and prevents data loss. Furthermore, the original data buffering at sensing node 10 facilitates subsequent data traceability and calibration.

[0039] Specifically, the wire groove 5 is located on the side of the stress-bearing surface of the gasket body 2. It is a closed groove with a width of 5-8mm and a depth of 3-5mm. The inner wall is provided with an insulating protective layer. The energy transmission unit 6 is a copper conductive busbar or a flexible power cord, which is embedded in the wire groove 5. Its two ends are connected to the power output interface of the intelligent aggregation unit 3 and the power input interface of the soft-sensing smart chip 4, respectively, forming a series centralized power supply circuit that supports simultaneous power supply to multiple soft-sensing smart chips 4. The first fixing screw hole 8 is a countersunk hole structure, located at the center of the soft-sensing smart chip 4. It is equipped with a stainless steel bolt to fasten the soft-sensing smart chip 4 to the stress-bearing surface of the gasket body 2. The bolt head does not protrude from the soft-sensing smart chip 4. The surface of core 4 is designed to avoid affecting the fit between the pad and the vibration isolator 1; the control module 9 is a low-power microprocessor that performs preliminary processing such as filtering, amplification, and analog-to-digital conversion on the strain electrical signal collected by the sensing node 10; the signal transmission module 12 is a wired serial communication module that establishes bidirectional communication with the intelligent aggregation unit 3; the storage module 11 is a FLASH storage chip with a capacity of ≥128M, which buffers the original strain electrical signal at a frequency of 10Hz. The buffered data can be read through the intelligent aggregation unit 3. The control module 9, storage module 11, and signal transmission module 12 are integrated on the internal circuit board of the soft-sensing intelligent core 4 and are electrically connected to the sensing node 10.

[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, this invention also provides a monitoring system for monitoring the service status of a vibration isolator 1. Utilizing the aforementioned smart gasket, the monitoring system further includes a cloud platform and a user terminal. The smart aggregation unit 3 of the smart gasket establishes a wireless data transmission connection with the cloud platform, enabling data interaction between the cloud platform and the user terminal. The smart aggregation unit 3 collects strain data from each sensing node 10, converts the strain data into force data of the vibration isolator 1 through a built-in coupling calculation algorithm, and uploads the processed force data to the cloud platform. The cloud platform stores and analyzes the force data, and sends an early warning message to the user terminal when an abnormal force is detected. This system, through the collaboration of the smart gasket, cloud platform, and user terminal, achieves real-time acquisition, remote transmission, cloud analysis, and abnormal early warning of the force status of the vibration isolator 1, forming a full-link monitoring system. This overcomes the limitations of traditional on-site reading, facilitating remote monitoring of the service status of the vibration isolator 1 by personnel, enabling timely detection of structural safety hazards, and improving the intelligence and efficiency of vibration isolator 1 monitoring.

[0041] Specifically, the intelligent aggregation unit 3 establishes an encrypted data transmission connection with the cloud platform via wireless communication methods such as NB-IoT, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi. The data transmission protocol can adopt MQTT to ensure the security and stability of data transmission. The cloud platform is a cloud server cluster with massive data storage, real-time data analysis, and visualization display functions, which can centrally manage the monitoring data of vibration isolators 1 in different regions and of different models. User terminals include smartphones, tablets, computers, etc., which can establish data interaction with the cloud platform through a dedicated APP or web page to view the stress data, change trend, and early warning information of vibration isolators 1 in real time. The strain data collected by the intelligent aggregation unit 3 is processed by the coupled calculation algorithm and uploaded to the cloud platform in the form of data packets. The data packets contain information such as device number, collection time, strain value, and stress value. The upload frequency is adjusted according to the number of sensing nodes 10. The cloud platform parses and stores the received data packets and performs data analysis through trend analysis, threshold comparison, and other methods. When an abnormal stress is detected, an early warning mechanism is immediately triggered.

[0042] In some embodiments, when the number of sensing nodes 10 of the smart gasket is three, the force data of the vibration isolator 1 is calculated using a coupled calculation algorithm, and the formula is F=k1×ε1+k2×ε2+k3×ε3+k 12 ×ε1×ε2+k 23 ×ε2×ε3+k 31 ×ε3×ε1+C1; where F represents the total load of vibration isolator 1, ε1, ε2, and ε3 represent the strain values ​​of the three sensing nodes 10, and k1, k2, and k3 all represent linear coefficients, k 12 k 23 k 31 All represent coupling coefficients, with C1 being a constant term. Each coefficient was calibrated through multi-condition experiments. This system's multi-element coupling calculation algorithm fully integrates the strain data from the three sensing nodes 10, considering both the linear strain contribution of individual nodes and the coupling strain influence between nodes. It accurately maps strain data to the overall force distribution and total load of the vibration isolator 1. Multi-condition experimental calibration ensures the accuracy of the coefficients, significantly improving the precision of force measurement and meeting the needs of high-precision monitoring scenarios such as large buildings and bridges.

[0043] Specifically, the multi-condition calibration experiment includes a central load condition and an eccentric load condition. The load values ​​for the central load condition are 50kN, 100kN, 150kN, 200kN, 250kN, and 300kN, while the eccentricity for the eccentric load condition is 25mm, 50mm, and 75mm, with eccentricity directions of 0°, 45°, and 90°, totaling no fewer than 30 conditions. Each condition is repeated three times, and the average strain value is used as the calibration baseline data. The Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear regression algorithm is used to fit the baseline data, solving for seven coefficients. After calibration, the model accuracy is verified, requiring a model determination coefficient R² ≥ 0.998 and a maximum relative error ≤ 1.5%. The verified coefficients are written into the microcontroller of the intelligent convergence unit 3 as fixed parameters for coupled calculations.

[0044] In some embodiments, when the smart pad has two sensing nodes 10, the coupling calculation algorithm uses a differential compensation method, with the formula F=(ε1+ε2)×k. mean +(ε1-ε2)×k diff +C2; where F represents the total load of vibration isolator 1, ε1 and ε2 represent the strain values ​​of the two sensing nodes 10, and k mean The average coefficient is represented by , kdiff by , and C2 by , which is a constant term. All coefficients are obtained through joint calibration using the central load and the eccentric load. The differential compensation coupled calculation algorithm reflects the overall load of the vibration isolator 1 through the average term and the degree of load eccentricity through the differential term. This enables accurate calculation of the total load and identification of eccentric loads. Furthermore, differential calculation effectively eliminates common-mode interference such as temperature drift and power fluctuations, improving measurement accuracy. The algorithm has a simple structure, high data processing efficiency, and is suitable for monitoring scenarios with limited space and cost sensitivity.

[0045] Specifically, the center load values ​​for the joint calibration of the center load and eccentric load are 50kN, 100kN, 150kN, 200kN, 250kN, and 300kN, and the eccentricity of the eccentric load is 25mm, 50mm, and 75mm, with load values ​​of 50kN, 100kN, and 150kN. Under each calibration condition, the strain values ​​ε1 and ε2 of two sensing nodes 10 and the actual load F are simultaneously collected to establish a calibration dataset. The dataset is then fitted using a multiple linear regression algorithm to solve for k. mean k diff After calibration, the model accuracy is verified using the three coefficients R1, R2, and C2. 2 ≥0.995, the verified coefficient is written into the microcontroller of the intelligent convergence unit 3. The two sensing nodes 10 are symmetrically distributed at 180°. The larger the absolute value of the difference term, the higher the load eccentricity of the vibration isolator 1.

[0046] In some embodiments, when the smart pad has only one sensing node 10, the coupling calculation algorithm is a cubic polynomial calibration curve, with the formula F=a×ε. 3 +b×ε 2 +c×ε+d; where F represents the total load of vibration isolator 1, ε represents the strain value of sensing node 10, and a, b, c, and d all represent polynomial coefficients, which are obtained by least squares method through full-range load calibration.

[0047] The advantages and beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: the cubic polynomial calibration curve can accurately fit the nonlinear relationship between the strain value of sensing node 10 and the total load of vibration isolator 1; the full-range load calibration ensures the calculation accuracy throughout the entire load range; the algorithm is simple and easy to implement; the data processing speed is fast; it is suitable for general monitoring, short-term inspection and other scenarios; and it takes into account both monitoring needs and cost control.

[0048] Specifically, the full-range load calibration covers a load range of 0-300kN. At least 10 load points are selected at equal intervals, including 0kN, 30kN, 60kN...300kN. At each load point, the strain value ε of sensing node 10 is collected, and the collection is repeated 5 times. The average value is taken as the corresponding strain value of the load point to establish a load-strain calibration dataset. The calibration dataset is fitted with a cubic polynomial using the least squares method to solve for the coefficients of the four polynomials a, b, c, and d. After calibration, the goodness of fit is verified, requiring a goodness of fit R2 ≥ 0.99. The verified coefficients are written into the microcontroller of the intelligent convergence unit 3. Sensing node 10 is located at the center of the stress surface of the gasket body 2 to collect the overall average strain value of the gasket body 2.

[0049] In some embodiments, the strain data acquisition frequency of the intelligent aggregation unit 3 can be adjusted according to the number of sensing nodes 10. When the cloud platform detects that the force on the vibration isolator 1 exceeds a preset threshold or the rate of force change exceeds a preset range, an abnormality warning is triggered, and the warning information is sent to the user terminal via SMS and application push. The adjustable acquisition frequency in this system can be flexibly configured according to the monitoring scenario and accuracy requirements, taking into account both the comprehensiveness of data acquisition and system power consumption; the dual-condition abnormality warning mechanism can accurately identify the abnormal stress state of the vibration isolator 1, avoiding missed and false alarms of single-condition warnings; the multi-mode warning information push can ensure that staff receive warning information in a timely manner, take rapid disposal measures, and improve the structural safety assurance capability of the vibration isolator 1.

[0050] Specifically, the strain data acquisition frequency of the intelligent aggregation unit 3 increases with the number of sensing nodes 10. The acquisition frequency of a single sensing node 10 is 1Hz, that of a dual sensing node 10 is 5Hz, and that of a triple sensing node 10 is 32kHz. The acquisition frequency can be remotely configured via a cloud platform. The preset stress threshold of the cloud platform is set according to the design load and operating conditions of the vibration isolator 1, typically 80%-90% of the design rated load. The preset range of the stress change rate is ≤5kN / min. When the detected stress value exceeds the preset threshold, or the stress change rate exceeds the preset range for 5 consecutive acquisition cycles, an abnormality warning is immediately triggered. The warning information includes the equipment number, the location of the vibration isolator 1, the type of abnormality, the current stress value, and the acquisition time. It is sent to the staff's mobile phone number via SMS and pushed to the user terminal via a dedicated APP. The warning information is retained on the cloud platform and the user terminal for no less than 7 days for subsequent traceability.

[0051] The installation process of the smart gasket of the present invention is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it includes: Use a hydraulic jack to lift the upper structure of the vibration isolator 1 by about 5-10mm, so that the original shims are in a relaxed state; remove the original ordinary shims; clean the contact surfaces of the bottom of the vibration isolator 1 and the foundation surface; put the smart shims into the original shim positions, ensuring that the shim body 2 is in close contact with the upper and lower contact surfaces; slowly lower the jacks to allow the vibration isolator 1 to bear the load again; start the intelligent convergence unit 3 to perform system self-check and zero-point calibration; confirm that the system is working normally and start real-time monitoring.

[0052] Example: This invention addresses the service status monitoring needs of vibration isolators 1 by designing three intelligent gasket structures: single-flexible intelligent core 4, dual-flexible intelligent core 4, and multi-flexible intelligent core 4, adapting to different monitoring scenarios. It also designs an intelligent gasket lifting and replacement installation method to solve the intelligent upgrade deployment challenges of existing vibration isolators 1. For the multi-flexible intelligent core 4 scenario, three examples of the flexible intelligent core 4 are provided here; the structural methods for other flexible intelligent core 4 scenarios can be deduced similarly. The specific details are as follows: Example 1: Single-Soft Smart Core Type 4 Smart Gasket This embodiment is a basic smart pad, suitable for general vibration isolator 1 stress monitoring, short-term inspection or cost-sensitive application scenarios. The core is a minimalist structural design with one sensing node 10 set in one flexible smart chip 4.

[0053] Structural configuration: The gasket body 2 is adapted to the size and specifications of the conventional vibration isolator 1 gasket and is made of high-strength alloy steel. A flexible intelligent core 4 is arranged at the center or edge of its stress surface. The flexible intelligent core 4 has a built-in micro strain gauge sensing node 10. A reserved groove is opened on the side of the gasket body 2 (the side where the stress surface of the gasket body 2 is located, at the non-center position of this side) to house the intelligent convergence unit 3. The flexible intelligent core 4 and the sensing node 10, and the flexible intelligent core 4 and the intelligent convergence unit 3 are flexibly connected by a flexible circuit board (0.2mm thick) or flexible film on a polyimide substrate. The gasket body 2 has a wire groove 5 and a fixing screw hole. An energy transmission unit 6 is set in the wire groove 5. The flexible intelligent core 4 is fixed to the gasket body 2 through the first fixing screw hole 8. The intelligent convergence unit 3 is fixed in the reserved groove through the second fixing screw hole 13 with bolts.

[0054] Core configuration: The intelligent convergence unit 3 adopts USB power supply mode and has no wireless communication module, supporting direct reading of on-site data; the soft-sensing intelligent chip 4 has built-in storage module 11, control module 9, energy storage unit 7 and signal transmission module 12, forming basic data acquisition, processing and local caching capabilities.

[0055] Working principle: After the load of the vibration isolator 1 is transferred to the pad body 2, the pad body 2 generates a small strain. The sensing node 10 collects the single strain value ε, which is initially processed by the soft-sensing intelligent chip 4 control module 9 and locally cached by the storage module 11 before being transmitted to the intelligent convergence unit 3. The intelligent convergence unit 3 uses a cubic polynomial calibration curve coupling calculation algorithm (F=a×ε) to perform the calculation. 3 +b×ε 2 The strain value is converted into the total load of vibration isolator 1 by (+c×ε+d), where a, b, c, and d are polynomial coefficients obtained by least squares calibration under a full-range load of 0-300kN. The goodness of fit R 2 A value of ≥0.99 can meet the general load monitoring needs, but it cannot identify load eccentricity distribution.

[0056] Example 2: Dual-Soft Smart Core Type 4 Smart Gasket This embodiment is an economical smart pad, suitable for scenarios with limited space and local vibration isolator 1 monitoring (such as small equipment in factories and small buildings). The core is two flexible smart chips 4, each with a symmetrical structure design of a sensing node 10.

[0057] Structural configuration: The gasket body 2 has the same specifications as the conventional vibration isolator 1 gasket. Its force-bearing surface has two flexible intelligent cores 4 symmetrically distributed at 180° along the central axis. Each flexible intelligent core 4 has a built-in micro strain gauge sensing node 10. The flexible connection structure adopts a flexible circuit board (thickness 0.2mm) or flexible film with polyimide substrate to realize the flexible connection between the sensing node 10 and the flexible intelligent core 4, and between the flexible intelligent core 4 and the intelligent gathering unit 3 in the reserved groove on the side. The gasket body 2 is provided with a wire groove 5 and an energy transmission unit 6. Each flexible intelligent core 4 and the gasket body 2 are fixed through the first fixing screw hole 8. The intelligent gathering unit 3 is installed in the reserved groove through the second fixing screw hole 13. The energy transmission unit 6 forms a centralized power supply circuit.

[0058] Core configuration: The intelligent convergence unit 3 integrates a microcontroller, Bluetooth wireless communication module and simple power supply module. It does not have NB-IoT remote transmission function, but supports short-range data transmission; the flexible intelligent chip 4 has built-in storage, control and signal transmission modules 12 to realize distributed data acquisition, processing and caching.

[0059] Working principle: After the load of the vibration isolator 1 is transferred to the pad body 2, two symmetrically distributed sensing nodes 10 collect strain values ​​ε1 and ε2 respectively. After being processed and buffered by their respective flexible sensing chips 4, the values ​​are transmitted to the intelligent convergence unit 3. The intelligent convergence unit 3 uses the differential compensation coupling calculation algorithm F=(ε1+ε2)×k mean +(ε1-ε2)×k diff The total load is calculated using C2, where kmein is the average coefficient, kdiff is the difference coefficient, and C2 is a constant term. It is obtained through joint calibration of the central load (50-300kN) and the eccentric load (eccentricity 25 / 50 / 75mm, load 50-150kN), with a model accuracy R²≥0.995. The difference between ε1 and ε2 can identify the degree of load eccentricity of the vibration isolator 1. At the same time, the differential calculation can effectively eliminate common-mode interference such as temperature drift and improve measurement accuracy. The intelligent aggregation unit 3 collects data once every hour and transmits it to the nearby gateway device via Bluetooth. The gateway then forwards the data to the cloud platform for data aggregation.

[0060] Example 3: Three Soft-touch Smart Chip Type 4 Smart Pads This embodiment is a high-precision smart pad, suitable for scenarios with high measurement accuracy requirements (such as large building vibration isolation bearings, bridge vibration isolators 1, and heavy machinery vibration isolators 1). The core is an isosceles triangular distributed structure design of three flexible smart chips 4 (each with a sensing node 10).

[0061] Structural configuration: The gasket body 2 is a 200mm×200mm×10mm high-strength alloy steel rectangular plate, consistent with the specifications of commonly used vibration isolator 1 gaskets. Three flexible intelligent cores 4 are distributed in an isosceles triangle at the three corners of its stress surface. Each flexible intelligent core 4 has a built-in micro strain gauge sensing node 10. The flexible connection structure adopts a polyimide substrate flexible circuit board (thickness 0.2mm) to realize the flexible connection between the sensing node 10 and the flexible intelligent core 4, and between the flexible intelligent core 4 and the intelligent convergence unit 3 in the reserved groove on the side. It can bend slightly with the gasket body 2 to avoid the measurement error of rigid connection. The gasket body 2 has a wire groove 5 and a fixing screw hole. The energy transmission unit 6 is set in the wire groove 5. The energy transmission unit 6, the intelligent convergence unit 3, and the three flexible intelligent cores 4 form a centralized power supply circuit. The flexible intelligent cores 4 are fastened to the gasket body 2 through the corresponding screw holes.

[0062] Core configuration: The intelligent aggregation unit 3 has an 80mm×60mm×30mm aluminum alloy shell structure, which integrates an STM32 series microcontroller, an NB-IoT wireless communication module and a lithium battery power module. It is connected to the sensing nodes 10 of the three flexible smart chips 4 through flexible cables to realize data acquisition, power supply and remote transmission. The flexible smart chips 4 all have built-in storage, control and signal transmission modules 12, forming a "centralized power supply + distributed storage" architecture.

[0063] Working principle: After the load of the vibration isolator 1 is transferred to the pad body 2, the three sensing nodes 10 respectively collect the strain values ​​ε1, ε2, and ε3 at the corresponding positions. The flexible connection structure allows the sensing nodes 10 to move slightly with the deformation of the pad, eliminating the boundary constraint effect. The intelligent convergence unit 3 collects strain data at a sampling frequency of 32kHz. After preliminary processing and local caching by the flexible sensing chip 4, the data is calculated using a multi-element coupling algorithm (F=k1×ε1+k2×ε2+k3×ε3+k 12 ×ε1×ε2+k 23 ×ε2×ε3+k 31 ×ε3×ε1+C1) maps the strain value to the overall stress distribution and total load of the gasket, where k1, k2, and k3 are linear coefficients, and k 12 k 23 k 31 The coupling coefficients are denoted by C, a constant term. The coefficients are calibrated under at least 30 working conditions, including central load (50-300kN) and eccentric loads of different directions / eccentricities (25 / 50 / 75mm, 0° / 45° / 90°). The coefficients are solved using Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear regression. The model accuracy R0 is [value missing]. 2 ≥0.998, maximum relative error ≤1.5%; the intelligent aggregation unit 3 uploads the processed data to the cloud platform via the NB-IoT network every 10 minutes, supporting remote real-time monitoring.

[0064] Example 4: Intelligent Gasket Lifting and Replacement Installation Process This embodiment is a standardized installation process for smart gaskets, which is adapted to the intelligent upgrade of vibration isolators 1 that are already in use. It does not require modification of the original structure of vibration isolators 1 and can complete the removal of old gaskets and installation of new smart gaskets online. It is compatible with the above-mentioned single, double, and triple flexible smart core 4 smart gaskets. The core is the five-step installation method of "lifting-removal-installation-returning-self-inspection".

[0065] Preliminary preparations: Prepare smart pads (single / double / triple soft-sensing smart core 4 type) with the same specifications as the original vibration isolator 1 pads, hydraulic jacks, and cleaning tools. Confirm that the smart pads are in good condition and that the soft-sensing smart core 4 and the smart convergence unit 3 are properly connected.

[0066] Detailed installation steps: Step 1, Lifting Vibration Isolator 1: Use a hydraulic jack to lift the upper structure of vibration isolator 1 by 5-10mm, so that the original ordinary pads are in a relaxed state without load, thus avoiding damage to the structure of vibration isolator 1 during the dismantling process; Step 2: Remove the old shims: With the vibration isolator 1 in the jacking state, remove the original ordinary shims between the bottom and the foundation surface, and prepare to clean the foundation surface. Step 3: Clean the contact surface: Use cleaning tools to thoroughly clean the contact surface between the bottom of the vibration isolator 1 and the foundation surface, removing dust, debris, rust, etc., to ensure that the contact surface is flat and avoid affecting the accuracy of the intelligent pad force monitoring. Step 4: Install the smart pad: Place the smart pad in the original installation position of the pad, adjust the position of the pad so that the upper and lower contact surfaces are completely in contact, and ensure that the soft-feel smart core 4 faces the bottom of the vibration isolator 1 and the smart convergence unit 3 is not squeezed or bumped. Step 5: Lowering the vibration isolator 1: Slowly operate the hydraulic jack to allow the upper structure of the vibration isolator 1 to fall back smoothly, so that the load of the vibration isolator 1 can be evenly transferred to the smart pad, avoiding damage to the sensing node 10 by the impact load. Step 6, Fixing and Self-Check: Secure the smart gasket to the base surface by using the second fixing screw hole 13 of the gasket body 2 and the bolt. Start the smart convergence unit 3 to perform system power-on self-check and zero-point calibration to confirm that the sensing node 10, data transmission and power supply system are all working normally. Step 7: Start monitoring: After the self-test passes, the smart pad enters normal working state, collects the force data of vibration isolator 1 in real time, and uploads it to the cloud platform according to the transmission frequency of the corresponding model. If the self-test fails, the smart pad is recalibrated or the installation position is checked until it meets the monitoring requirements.

[0067] Installation advantages: The entire installation process does not require any modification to the original structure of the vibration isolator 1. The operation is simple and quick and can be completed by ordinary engineers. Replacement can be completed online without stopping the operation of the vibration isolator 1, which effectively reduces the construction cost and time cost of the intelligent upgrade of the vibration isolator 1. At the same time, maintenance is convenient after replacement, which can significantly reduce the total life cycle cost of the vibration isolator 1 monitoring system.

[0068] Example 5: The monitoring system in this embodiment consists of three parts: the three Flexible Smart Chip 4 type smart pads from Embodiment 3, a cloud monitoring platform, and a mobile / computer user terminal. The smart pads are the core sensing units, installed between the bottom of the building vibration isolation bearing (vibration isolator 1) and the foundation concrete surface. They establish wireless communication with the cloud platform via an NB-IoT network. The cloud platform and the user terminal achieve data interaction and anomaly warning. The entire system requires no modification to the original structure of the vibration isolation bearing and can be installed and deployed online. The specific monitoring process includes: Step 1, Strain Sensing: When the vibration isolation support bears the building load, the load is evenly transferred to the smart pad through the bottom of the support. The pad body 2 generates a small elastic strain under pressure. The three sensing nodes 10 synchronously collect the strain values ​​ε1, ε2, and ε3 at their respective positions. The strain signal is transmitted to the corresponding soft-sensing smart chip 4 in the form of an electrical signal. Step 2, Local Processing and Caching: The control module 9 of the Flexible Smart Chip 4 performs preliminary processing on the acquired strain electrical signals, such as filtering, amplification, and analog-to-digital conversion, to convert the analog signals into digital signals. At the same time, the storage module 11 locally caches the original strain digital signals to ensure that the data is not lost. The processed strain data is transmitted to the intelligent aggregation unit 3 through a flexible cable. Step 3, Coupled Calculation and Load Conversion: The intelligent convergence unit 3 receives strain data from the three sensing nodes 10 at a sampling frequency of 32kHz, and processes it using a built-in multivariate coupled calculation algorithm. The algorithm formula is as follows: F = k1×ε1 + k2×ε2 + k3×ε3 + k 12 ×ε1×ε2+k 23 ×ε2×ε3+k 31 ×ε3×ε1+C1 Where F is the total load of the vibration isolation support, and k1, k2, and k3 are all linear coefficients, k 12 k 23 k 31The coupling coefficient is denoted by C, which is a constant term. Each coefficient has been calibrated through more than 30 multi-condition experiments (center load 50-300kN, eccentricity 25 / 50 / 75mm, eccentricity direction 0° / 45° / 90°). The model is solved using the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear regression algorithm, with an accuracy of R²≥0.998 and a maximum relative error ≤1.5%, ensuring the accuracy of load conversion. Step 4, Wireless Remote Transmission: The intelligent aggregation unit 3 transmits the converted total load of the vibration isolation support, strain values ​​of each node, equipment status, and other data to the cloud monitoring platform via the NB-IoT wireless communication module using the MQTT encryption protocol at a frequency of once every 10 minutes. The data packet contains key information such as equipment number, acquisition time, load value, strain value, and battery level. Step 5, Cloud Analysis and Visualization: The cloud platform is a cluster of cloud servers. After receiving the data packets uploaded by the smart gaskets, it performs data parsing, massive storage, trend analysis and visualization. It presents the force data of the vibration isolation bearings in the form of real-time curves, historical reports, equipment ledgers, etc., and supports querying and analysis by time, equipment number, building area and other dimensions. Step 6, Anomaly Warning and User Interaction: The cloud platform presets a force warning threshold for the vibration isolation bearing (85% of the design rated load) and a force change rate warning range (≤5kN / min). When the monitored force value exceeds the preset threshold, or the force change rate exceeds the preset range for 5 consecutive collection cycles, a dual-channel anomaly warning is immediately triggered: first, a warning message is sent to the staff's designated mobile phone number via SMS; second, a warning message is pushed to the mobile / computer user terminal via a dedicated APP. The warning message includes the equipment number, vibration isolation bearing location, anomaly type, current force value, collection time, etc., and is retained on the cloud platform and user terminal for more than 7 days for subsequent traceability. Staff can view the service status of the vibration isolation bearing in real time through the user terminal, and promptly go to the site to investigate and handle the situation after receiving the warning to eliminate potential structural safety hazards.

[0069] In this embodiment, no modification to the original structure of the vibration isolation bearing is required. Installation can be completed quickly using a jacking replacement process, adapting to the intelligent upgrade of existing building vibration isolators 1, significantly reducing construction and time costs. The three-flexible intelligent core 4, with its isosceles triangular distributed layout and multi-element coupled calculation algorithm, effectively eliminates the effects of local stress concentration and temperature drift, resulting in a high model accuracy R. 2With a strength ≥0.998, high-precision monitoring of the force on vibration isolator 1 is achieved. Data is remotely uploaded via NB-IoT wireless transmission, and the cloud platform supports massive data storage, intelligent analysis, and visualization. Staff can monitor the status anytime, anywhere through user terminals, breaking through the limitations of traditional on-site manual monitoring. The high-strength alloy steel gasket body 2 ensures load-bearing performance, and the flexible connection structure adapts to the dynamic deformation of vibration isolator 1, avoiding sensor damage. The long-lasting lithium battery meets the full-cycle monitoring needs. The dual-condition anomaly early warning mechanism, combined with SMS and APP dual-channel push notifications, effectively avoids missed and false alarms. Staff can respond and handle quickly, promptly investigating issues such as aging, settlement, and abnormal loads of vibration isolator 1, effectively ensuring the safety of building structures. At the same time, parameters can be adjusted as needed to adapt to the monitoring of vibration isolator 1 in various scenarios such as industrial equipment and rail transit, making it widely applicable in engineering projects.

[0070] Advantages of this invention: This invention creates an intelligent pad and system that is compatible with the full-scenario service monitoring of vibration isolators through an innovative integrated design of sensing, calculation, and installation structure. It achieves a technological breakthrough in monitoring the stress on vibration isolators without structural modifications, high-precision data acquisition, and remote intelligent control. It also takes into account the ease of installation, monitoring reliability, and scenario adaptability, and greatly improves the intelligence level and engineering implementation value of vibration isolator health monitoring.

[0071] This invention employs a distributed flexible sensing chip combined with a flexible connection structure, allowing the sensing nodes to adapt to the deformation of the gasket body, eliminating boundary constraint effects. This avoids measurement errors and sensor damage caused by rigid connections, while also reducing the impact of monitoring components on the original mechanical properties of the gasket, ensuring the authenticity of force measurement and long-term monitoring stability.

[0072] This invention designs a multi-node coupled calculation algorithm and matches a dedicated calculation model for different numbers of nodes. After multi-condition experiments to calibrate and optimize the coefficients, it effectively eliminates interference such as local stress concentration and temperature drift. It can also identify the load eccentric distribution and realize high-precision measurement of the force on the vibration isolator, meeting the monitoring accuracy requirements of different scenarios.

[0073] This invention integrates the intelligent monitoring component with the gasket body, and the gasket is compatible with the size and specifications of conventional vibration isolators. It adopts a lifting replacement installation process, which does not require modification of the original structure of the vibration isolator. Installation and replacement can be completed quickly online, which greatly reduces the construction cost and time cost of intelligent upgrading of vibration isolators and is compatible with the monitoring and transformation of vibration isolators already in use.

[0074] This invention constructs a full-link monitoring system consisting of "intelligent gasket + cloud platform + user terminal," which supports wireless remote transmission of monitoring data, cloud storage and analysis, and visualization. Coupled with dual-condition anomaly early warning and multi-channel information push, it breaks through the limitations of traditional on-site manual monitoring, and realizes remote real-time control of the service status of vibration isolators and timely handling of safety hazards.

[0075] This invention designs a "centralized power supply + distributed storage" working architecture. Unified power supply is achieved through the energy transmission unit in the cable tray. The soft-sensing smart chip has a built-in storage module to cache the original data, which reduces system power consumption, simplifies wiring, and avoids data loss. At the same time, the intelligent aggregation unit can flexibly adjust the acquisition frequency, taking into account both the comprehensiveness of data acquisition and the device's battery life.

[0076] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart gasket for monitoring the service condition of vibration isolators, characterized in that: The device includes a gasket body, a flexible intelligent core, an intelligent converging unit, and a flexible connection structure. The gasket body is adapted to the size and specifications of conventional vibration isolator gaskets, and at least one flexible intelligent core is arranged on its stress-bearing surface, with a mounting position on the side. Each flexible intelligent core contains a sensing node, and all sensing nodes are distributed on the stress-bearing surface of the gasket body. The intelligent converging unit is located at the mounting position and is electrically connected to the flexible intelligent core. The flexible connection structure connects the sensing nodes to the flexible intelligent core and the flexible intelligent core to the intelligent converging unit, allowing the sensing nodes to adaptively displace with the deformation of the gasket body.

2. The intelligent gasket for monitoring the service status of vibration isolators according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gasket body is made of high-strength alloy steel, and the mounting position is a reserved groove opened on the side of the gasket body. The intelligent convergence unit is embedded in the reserved groove.

3. The intelligent gasket for monitoring the service condition of a vibration isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible connection structure is a flexible circuit board or flexible film with polyimide substrate, the sensing node is a micro strain gauge, the flexible circuit board has a thickness of 0.2mm, and the sensing node is flexibly linked to the gasket body.

4. The intelligent gasket for monitoring the service condition of a vibration isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of flexible smart chips is three, which are evenly distributed in an isosceles triangle at the corners of the stress surface of the pad body; the intelligent convergence unit integrates an STM32 series microcontroller, an NB-IoT wireless communication module and a lithium battery power module, and is connected to the sensing nodes of the three flexible smart chips through flexible cables to realize data acquisition and power supply.

5. The intelligent gasket for monitoring the service status of vibration isolators according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gasket body also has a groove, and an energy transmission unit is set in the groove. The energy transmission unit is connected with the intelligent convergence unit and the flexible smart chip to form a centralized power supply circuit. The flexible smart chip has a first fixing screw hole, through which the flexible smart chip is installed in the stress surface of the intelligent gasket. The flexible smart chip has a built-in storage module, control module, energy storage unit and signal transmission module. The sensing node collects the strain electrical signal of the gasket body, which is initially processed by the control module and transmitted to the intelligent convergence unit by the signal transmission module. At the same time, the storage module locally buffers the original strain electrical signal, and the energy storage unit stores the electrical energy transmitted by the centralized power supply circuit to power the various modules of the flexible smart chip.

6. A monitoring system for monitoring the service condition of vibration isolators, employing the intelligent gasket as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The system also includes a cloud platform and user terminals; The intelligent aggregation unit of the intelligent pad establishes a wireless data transmission connection with the cloud platform, and the cloud platform interacts with the user terminal. The intelligent aggregation unit collects strain data from each sensing node, converts the strain data into force data of the vibration isolator through a built-in coupling calculation algorithm, and uploads the processed force data to the cloud platform. The cloud platform stores and analyzes the force data, and sends early warning information to the user terminal when abnormal force is detected.

7. The monitoring system for monitoring the service status of vibration isolators according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the number of sensing nodes of the smart pad is three, the force data of the vibration isolator is calculated using the coupling calculation algorithm, and the formula is F=k1×ε1+k2×ε2+k3×ε3+k 12 ×ε1×ε2+k 23 ×ε2×ε3+k 31 ×ε3×ε1+C1; where F represents the total load of the vibration isolator, ε1, ε2, and ε3 represent the strain values ​​of the three sensing nodes, and k1, k2, and k3 all represent linear coefficients, k 12 k 23 k 31 Both represent coupling coefficients, and C1 is a constant term.

8. The monitoring system for monitoring the service status of vibration isolators according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the smart pad has two sensing nodes, the coupling calculation algorithm uses a differential compensation method, with the formula F=(ε1+ε2)×k. mean +(ε1-ε2)×k diff +C2; where F represents the total load of the vibration isolator, ε1 and ε2 represent the strain values ​​of the two sensing nodes, and k mean k represents the average coefficient. diff C1 represents the difference coefficient, and C2 is the constant term.

9. The monitoring system for monitoring the service status of vibration isolators according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the smart pad has only one sensing node, the coupling calculation algorithm is a cubic polynomial calibration curve, with the formula F=a×ε. 3 +b×ε 2 +c×ε+d; where F represents the total load of the vibration isolator, ε represents the strain value of the sensing node, and a, b, c, and d all represent polynomial coefficients.

10. The monitoring system for monitoring the service status of vibration isolators according to claim 6, characterized in that: The strain data acquisition frequency of the intelligent aggregation unit can be adjusted according to the number of sensing nodes. When the cloud platform detects that the force on the vibration isolator exceeds a preset threshold or the rate of force change exceeds a preset range, it triggers an abnormal warning. The warning information is sent to the user terminal via SMS or application push.

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