An experimental apparatus and method for simulating the deposition of a turbidite fan

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of test device and method of analog clastic flow deposition submarine fan, device includes support seat, water tank, stirring tank, circulating water supply component, laser scanning equipment and camera etc..Water tank is arranged in support seat, and one end of water tank is provided with continental shelf simulation platform;Turbidity meter, flowmeter and water level gauge are respectively arranged in water tank;Stirring tank is arranged above the continental shelf simulation platform, for accurate proportioning turbidity current;Circulating water supply component includes water pipe and water pump;Laser scanning equipment is arranged at the top of support seat, for real-time acquisition of the data of configuration change in the process that clastic flow forms submarine fan.Laboratory device angle is close to natural geological condition gradient, can realize accurate monitoring of turbidity current and clastic flow flow process;By adding camera, realize test whole process visual recording, cooperate with laser scanning equipment, both can capture dynamic process and obtain accurate configuration data and water body parameter, guarantee the integrity, reliability and relevance of test data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geological simulation test technology, specifically relating to a test device and method for simulating clastic flow deposition of submarine fans. Background Technology

[0002] Submarine fans, large fan-shaped sedimentary bodies formed by debris flow transport and deposition in deep-sea environments, are important carriers for the transport of terrestrial materials to the deep sea. Their internal sedimentary structures and material composition not only record the regional geological evolution history but are also closely related to major issues such as deep-sea oil and gas reserves and seabed engineering geological stability, thus becoming a research hotspot in marine geology, sedimentology, and oil and gas exploration. Debris flows, as the core dynamic mechanism of submarine fan formation, are influenced by multiple factors, including continental shelf slope, hydrodynamic environment, sediment grain size composition, and degree of consolidation. Their formation mechanism is complex, and natural geological processes are difficult to observe in situ.

[0003] Currently, laboratory simulation is the core method for revealing the formation mechanism of clastic flow-deposited submarine fans. However, existing simulation technologies still have many problems: First, the topographical replication accuracy of simulation devices is insufficient. The angle design of the continental shelf and deep-sea plain in most devices deviates significantly from natural geological conditions, and the connection structure between the continental slope and the reservoir is unreasonable. This leads to significant differences between the turbidity current flow path and consolidation efficiency and the natural process, making it difficult to accurately reproduce the transformation process from delta to clastic flow. Second, existing devices mostly focus on data acquisition from a single configuration and lack dynamic recording methods for the entire experimental process. They cannot intuitively trace the complete evolution chain of turbidity current discharge, slope flow, consolidation into a delta, clastic flow formation, and submarine fan deposition, resulting in a disconnect between experimental data and process phenomena, making it difficult to explain the correlation between key mechanical responses and morphological changes during the deposition process. Third, existing technologies lack targeted monitoring designs for the material transformation process between turbidity currents and clastic flows, making it difficult to capture the dynamic changes in the physical and mechanical properties of sediments during consolidation, thus restricting the in-depth analysis of the submarine fan deposition mechanism. These problems mean that existing simulation devices cannot meet the needs of scientific research for refined studies of clastic flow deposition processes.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an experimental device and method that can accurately replicate the terrain, record the process completely, and have efficient and coordinated functions, so as to realize the real simulation, dynamic tracking and precise characterization of the entire process of submarine fan formation, and provide reliable technical support for the study of deep-sea geological evolution, oil and gas resource exploration and development and submarine engineering safety assessment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address at least one of the problems in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an experimental apparatus and method for simulating clastic flow deposition of submarine fans. The continental shelf has an extremely gentle overall slope, while the average slope of the continental slope (the area connecting with the continental shelf) on the outer side of a large delta is only 1°18′. This apparatus sets the simulated continental shelf slope to 0.5°-1°, falling within the slope range of the natural continental shelf and the gentle transition zone on the outer side of the delta. It accurately replicates the low-slope characteristics of the continental shelf under natural conditions, conforming to the topographic conditions of the initial formation stage of clastic flows. The most significant topographic feature of a natural deep-sea plain is a slope of less than one-thousandth (approximately 0.057°), exhibiting a slightly inclined state overall, and the junction area between the end of the submarine fan and the deep-sea plain is a flat, gently sloping terrain. This device sets the simulated slope of the deep-sea plain to 0.5°, which falls within the reasonable simulated slope range of natural deep-sea plains (laboratory simulations, due to scale limitations, use a moderately enlarged micro-slope, preserving the core characteristics of natural "gentle deposition" while meeting the needs of debris flow and sedimentation observation in the experiment), and highly matches the topographic attributes of natural deep-sea plains. The experimental device's angle closely approximates the slope of natural geological conditions, and by installing turbidity meters, current meters, and water level gauges within the device, it achieves comprehensive, precise, and real-time monitoring of water parameters, enabling accurate monitoring of turbidity and debris flow processes. The addition of cameras allows for full-process visual recording of the experiment, and in conjunction with laser scanning equipment, it can capture dynamic processes and acquire accurate configuration data and water parameters, ensuring the integrity, reliability, and correlation of the experimental data.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] An experimental apparatus for simulating debris flow deposition on a submarine fan includes: Support base; A water tank is installed inside the support base, and a continental shelf simulation platform is installed at one end of the water tank; a turbidity meter, a flow meter and a water level gauge are respectively installed inside the water tank; A mixing tank, positioned above the continental shelf simulation platform, is used to precisely proportion turbidity flow and provide the initial medium for the formation of debris flow; A circulating water supply assembly includes connected water pipes and a water pump; the water pump is mounted on a continental shelf simulation platform; the circulating water supply assembly is used to flush the turbidity current on the continental shelf simulation platform downwards; A laser scanning device is installed on top of the support base, directly above the water tank, and is used to collect data on the configuration changes during the formation of the submarine fan by the debris flow in real time.

[0008] Preferably, the continental shelf simulation platform includes a simulated continental shelf section and a simulated continental slope section arranged sequentially, and the bottom of the water tank is a simulated deep-sea plain section.

[0009] Preferably, the simulated continental shelf section is provided with a downward tilt angle A, the tilt angle ranging from 0.5° to 1°; the slope angle B of the simulated continental slope section ranges from 1° to 10°; and the simulated deep-sea plain section is provided with a downward tilt angle C, the tilt angle C being 0.5°.

[0010] Preferably, the mixing tank is mounted above the continental shelf simulation platform via a bracket, and a discharge valve is provided at the bottom of the mixing tank.

[0011] Preferably, a mobile water observation platform is provided on the top of the water tank, and the laser scanning device is installed at the bottom of the mobile water observation platform.

[0012] Preferably, the water tank is a transparent water tank made of tempered glass.

[0013] Preferably, the system also includes a camera, which is positioned outside the tank to capture and record the complete dynamic process of the turbidity flow from discharge, flow, consolidation to debris flow formation and submarine fan deposition.

[0014] A test method for simulating debris flow deposition on a submarine fan, based on the aforementioned apparatus, includes the following steps: Mix the turbid stream according to the experimental setting ratio in the mixing tank, stir evenly, and let it stand for later use. Start the turbidity meter, flow meter, water level gauge, and laser scanning equipment; Open the discharge valve of the mixing tank and slowly discharge the turbidity flow to the continental shelf simulation platform in the water tank; the turbidity flow flows naturally downward along the continental shelf simulation platform, gradually solidifies and forms a delta in the process; the solidified material continues to flow with the water flow into the deep sea plain simulation section area, forming debris flow and depositing to form a seafloor fan. During the simulation of submarine fan formation, the laser scanning device continuously delineates the submarine fan configuration, and the turbidity meter, the flow meter, and the water level meter transmit water parameters in real time. After the seafloor fan sedimentary morphology stabilizes, the operation of the turbidity meter, flow meter, water level gauge, and laser scanning equipment is stopped in sequence, and the monitoring data and configuration data are collected and analyzed comprehensively.

[0015] Preferably, during the simulation of the formation of a seafloor fan, a camera is placed outside the water tank, and the camera's shooting function is activated to simultaneously record dynamic images of each stage of the experiment.

[0016] The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical solutions: 1. The experimental apparatus and method for simulating debris flow deposition of submarine fans provided by this invention have an angle close to the slope of natural geological conditions. By setting up a turbidimeter, a flow velocity meter, and a water level meter in the apparatus, comprehensive, precise, and real-time monitoring of water parameters can be achieved, enabling precise monitoring of turbidity flow and debris flow processes. By adding a camera, the entire experimental process can be visualized and recorded. Combined with laser scanning equipment, it can capture dynamic processes and obtain accurate configuration data and water parameters, ensuring the integrity, reliability, and correlation of experimental data.

[0017] 2. The experimental apparatus and method for simulating debris flow deposition of submarine fans provided by this invention have clear experimental steps and are easy to operate. They can realistically reproduce the complete process of turbidity currents (suspended sediment) from formation and consolidation to the deposition of debris flow (bed sediment) into submarine fans. Furthermore, they enable simultaneous image recording, configuration characterization, and water parameter monitoring during the experiment. Compared with existing technologies, the simulation is more realistic, the data acquisition is more comprehensive, the process traceability is more intuitive, and the monitoring dimensions are richer. This provides a wealth of experimental data, image support, and water parameter references for studying debris flow deposition mechanisms, and has significant scientific research application value. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus for simulating debris flow deposition of submarine fans provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the continental shelf simulation area provided in this embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the experimental method for simulating debris flow deposition of submarine fans provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0021] Marked in the attached diagram: 1 is the support base, 2 is the water tank, 201 is the simulated deep-sea plain section, 3 is the mixing tank, 4 is the continental shelf simulation platform, 401 is the simulated continental shelf section, 402 is the simulated continental slope section, 5 is the turbidity meter, 6 is the flow meter, 7 is the water level gauge, 8 is the camera, 9 is the water pipe, 10 is the water pump, and 11 is the mobile platform for water body observation. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the system or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. The arrow direction in the figure represents the direction of liquid flow.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "assembly," "setup," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] This invention provides an experimental apparatus and method for simulating debris flow deposition on submarine fans. The angle of the experimental apparatus approximates the slope of natural geological conditions. By installing a turbidity meter, a flow velocity meter, and a water level meter within the apparatus, comprehensive, precise, and real-time monitoring of water parameters is achieved, enabling accurate monitoring of turbidity and debris flow processes. By adding a camera, the entire experimental process can be visualized and recorded. Combined with laser scanning equipment, it can capture dynamic processes and obtain accurate configuration data and water parameters, ensuring the integrity, reliability, and correlation of experimental data.

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Example 1 Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment provides an experimental device for simulating debris flow deposition of submarine fans, including a support base 1, a water tank 2, a stirring tank 3, a circulating water supply assembly, and a laser scanning device; Support 1 provides stable support for the entire device, ensuring that the device does not shift during the test and guaranteeing the accuracy of data when the camera is taking pictures and the laser scanning equipment is scanning. Specifically, support base 1 is constructed using steel brackets: H-beam bracket components are selected and assembled according to preset dimensions to provide a stable foundation for subsequent component installation.

[0028] The water tank 2 is installed inside the support base 1, and a continental shelf simulation platform 4 is installed at one end of the water tank 2; a turbidity meter 5, a flow rate meter 6 and a water level meter 7 are respectively installed inside the water tank 2; Specifically, the water tank 2 is a transparent water tank made of tempered glass, providing the necessary conditions for external cameras to take pictures.

[0029] In this embodiment, the experimental setup also includes a camera 8, which is positioned outside the water tank 2 to capture and record the complete dynamic process of turbidity flow from discharge, flow, consolidation to debris flow formation and submarine fan deposition. The transparent water tank facilitates real-time observation of internal flow and deposition, and, in conjunction with the side camera, enables visual recording.

[0030] Specifically, camera 8 is mounted on the side of tank 2. Camera 8 uses an existing high-definition camera with a frame rate that can be adjusted within the range of 5-60fps. The shooting angle covers the entire area inside tank 2 and can record the complete dynamic process of turbidity flow from discharge, flow, consolidation to debris flow formation and seafloor fan deposition, providing intuitive image data for experimental analysis.

[0031] In this embodiment, the continental shelf simulation platform 4 includes a simulated continental shelf section 401 and a simulated continental slope section 402 arranged sequentially, and the bottom of the water tank 2 is a simulated deep-sea plain section 201.

[0032] The simulated continental shelf section 401 is set with a downward tilt angle A, ranging from 0.5° to 1°; the simulated continental slope section 402 has a slope angle B ranging from 1° to 10°; and the simulated deep-sea plain section 201 is set with a downward tilt angle C, with an angle of 0.5°.

[0033] Turbidimeter 5, flow velocity meter 6, and water level meter 7 are installed in water tank 2 to simulate key monitoring points in the continental slope section 402 and the deep-sea plain section. Turbidimeter 5 is used to monitor the changes in water turbidity in real time, flow velocity meter 6 is used to accurately collect the fluid flow velocity at each stage, and water level meter 7 is used to continuously record water level data during the experiment. The three work together to achieve comprehensive dynamic monitoring of the parameters of the test water body.

[0034] The mixing tank 3 is positioned above the continental shelf simulation platform 4 to precisely proportion the turbidity flow and provide the initial medium for the formation of debris flow; Specifically, the mixing tank 3 is mounted on the continental shelf simulation platform 4 via a bracket, and a discharge valve is provided at the bottom of the mixing tank 3 to control the discharge rate of the turbid flow inside the mixing tank 3.

[0035] The circulating water supply assembly includes a connected water pipe 9 and a water pump 10; the water pump 10 is installed on the continental shelf simulation platform 4; the water pipe outlet is located at the top of the simulated continental shelf section 401; the circulating water supply assembly is used to flush the turbidity flow on the continental shelf simulation platform 4 downwards. Specifically, the water pump 10 can be mounted on the outside of the continental shelf simulation platform 4 via a mounting plate, and the water pump 10 is connected to the water pipe 9; the outlet is located at the top of the simulated continental shelf section 401. When the water pump 10 is started, water is discharged from the outlet of the water pipe 9 into the water tank 2. During the discharge into the water tank 2, the turbidity flow on the continental shelf simulation platform 4 is flushed, causing it to flow downwards to form a seafloor fan, while also keeping the water in the water tank 2 in circulation.

[0036] The laser scanning device is set on top of the support 1, directly above the water tank 2, and is used to collect data on the configuration changes during the formation of the submarine fan by debris flow in real time.

[0037] Specifically, a water body observation mobile platform 11 is installed on the top of the water tank 2, and a laser scanning device is installed at the bottom of the water body observation mobile platform 11. Two parallel crossbeams on the top of the support base 1, at least one of which has a rack on its top, and a gear meshing with the rack on the water body observation mobile platform 11, together forming a transmission structure. The gear is connected to a motor. The water body observation mobile platform 11 moves back and forth via a motor, essentially suspended above the simulated continental slope section 402 and the simulated deep-sea plain section 201, enabling stable and precise translation of the laser scanning device, ensuring the continuity and accuracy of configuration data acquisition. It features high transmission precision and strong operational stability, allowing the laser scanning device to move at a uniform speed and with precision along the water tank, enabling real-time mapping of configuration changes during the formation of the seafloor fan and data acquisition. The laser scanning device uses existing technology products, such as the Creality 3D scanner, which uses blue line laser combined with infrared binocular structured light, achieving a scanning accuracy of 0.02mm and high-precision real-image scanning.

[0038] In this embodiment, camera 8 and laser scanning equipment can be connected to a computer. Image data captured by camera 8 and configuration data scanned by laser scanning equipment can be stored in the computer. On the computer, frame extraction and editing of the images are performed, and 3D modeling of the configuration data is conducted. Combining monitoring parameters and image data, the formation process and morphological characteristics of clastic flow-deposited submarine fans can be analyzed. The computer can also be connected to turbidity meter 5, current meter 6, and water level meter 7, and the data collected by these devices can be transmitted to the computer.

[0039] Example 2 Please refer to the reference. Figures 1 to 3 The experimental method for simulating debris flow deposition of submarine fans provided in this embodiment is based on the experimental apparatus described in Embodiment 1 and includes the following steps: S01. Mix the turbid stream in the mixing tank 3 according to the test setting ratio, stir evenly, and let it stand for later use. S02, start the turbidity meter 5, flow meter 6, water level gauge 7 and laser scanning equipment; S03. Open the discharge valve of the mixing tank 3 and slowly discharge the turbidity flow to the continental shelf simulation platform 4 in the water tank; the turbidity flow flows naturally downward along the continental shelf simulation platform, gradually solidifies and forms a delta in the process; the solidified material continues to flow into the deep sea plain simulation section area with the water flow discharged by the water pump 10, forming debris flow and depositing to form a seafloor fan. S04. During the simulated formation of the submarine fan, the laser scanning equipment continuously delineates the submarine fan configuration, and the turbidity meter, flow meter and water level meter transmit water parameters in real time. S05. After the sedimentary morphology of the submarine fan stabilizes, the turbidity meter, current meter, water level gauge, and laser scanning equipment are stopped in sequence, and the monitoring data and configuration data are sorted out for comprehensive analysis.

[0040] In this embodiment, during the process of simulating the formation of a seafloor fan, a camera 8 is placed outside the water tank 2, and the camera 8 is activated to capture images at each stage of the experiment.

[0041] In practical applications, the experiment includes the following steps: 1. Assembly and debugging of the experimental setup; Support base 1 is constructed using steel brackets, with H-beam steel bracket components selected and assembled according to preset dimensions.

[0042] Water tank 2 is installed by hoisting the tempered glass water tank 2 to the top of the support base 1. The water tank 2 is 55m long, 1m wide and 1.8m high. It can be installed and adjusted so that the tilt angle of the simulated continental shelf section 401 is 0.5°-1° to simulate the continental shelf, and the simulated deep-sea plain section 201 at the bottom of the slope is adjusted to 0.5° to simulate the deep-sea plain.

[0043] The monitoring instruments and imaging equipment were installed by fixing the turbidity meter 5, flow meter 6, and water level meter 7 at key monitoring points in the deep-sea plain sedimentary area of ​​the water tank 2. The laser scanning equipment was installed on the water body observation mobile platform 11 directly above the deep-sea plain simulation area via a gantry frame, and the scanning range covered the entire seafloor fan formation area. The camera 8 was a high-definition industrial camera, which was mounted on the side of the water tank 2 via an adjustable tripod, 1.5m away from the side wall of the water tank 2, and the shooting angle covered the entire area of ​​the water tank 2.

[0044] During the setup and debugging of the experimental apparatus, clean water was injected into the water tank 2 to the preset water level, and the water pump 10 was started to ensure that the water flow was stable without violent fluctuations. The turbidity meter 5, flow meter 6, and water level meter 7 were calibrated and debugged. The laser scanning equipment was started to perform blank scanning calibration to ensure that the modeling accuracy met the standard. The camera 8 was started to capture blank images, and the image clarity and coverage were checked. The data transmission link was debugged to ensure that the images were stored in the computer in real time.

[0045] 2. Preparation of turbidity stream; Based on the simulated geological scenario of shallow continental shelf turbidity currents, the mixing parameters for the turbidity current were determined: quartz sand, mud, water, and cinder were selected as the basic materials. The specific gravity of each material was selected according to different sediment types, and the materials were added sequentially to mixing tank 3 according to their specific gravity. The stirring motor in mixing tank 3 was started, the stirring speed was set, and stirring was continued to ensure uniform mixing and the formation of a homogeneous turbidity current medium. After stirring, the mixture was allowed to stand for 10 minutes for later use.

[0046] 3. Implementation of the test process; Start the system: Turn on the computer, start the camera 8 shooting function, and start recording at the preset frame rate of 30fps; simultaneously start the laser scanning device, set the scanning frequency to 1 time / minute, and continuously collect configuration data; start the turbidity meter 5, flow meter 6, and water level meter 7, turn on the water pump 10, adjust the flow rate, and keep the water circulating.

[0047] Turbidity discharge: Open the discharge valve at the bottom of the mixing tank 3, adjust the valve opening, control the turbidity discharge speed, and the turbidity is evenly discharged through the discharge port at the bottom of the mixing tank 3 to the simulated continental shelf section 401 of the continental shelf simulation platform 4, and begins to flow along the preset slope.

[0048] Process Monitoring: As the turbidity current begins its downward flow in the simulated continental shelf section 401, turbidity meter 5, flow velocity meter 6, and water level meter 7 collect real-time data on water turbidity, flow velocity, and water level. After the turbidity current flows into the simulated continental slope section 402, its flow pattern is observed. As the flow slows, the turbidity current gradually solidifies, forming a small delta at the reservoir outlet. During this stage, changes in water parameters are continuously monitored, and turbidity and flow velocity characteristics are recorded. The solidified sediments continue to flow along the simulated continental slope section 402, entering the simulated deep-sea plain section 201, forming a debris flow. This debris flow diffuses and deposits along the bottom of the scour test sand pit, gradually forming a fan-shaped sedimentary body, i.e., a submarine fan. The monitoring instruments focus on collecting changes in water turbidity and flow velocity during the deposition process, reflecting the movement and deposition patterns of the debris flow. During the experiment, camera 8 records the entire dynamic process of turbidity current flow, solidification, delta formation, debris flow movement, and submarine fan deposition; laser scanning equipment collects three-dimensional configuration data of the submarine fan at a set frequency.

[0049] 4. Implementation of the test process; Once the depositional morphology of the submarine fan stabilizes, close the discharge valve of the mixing tank 3 to stop the discharge of turbidity flow. Continue operating the camera 8, laser scanning equipment, turbidity meter 5, flow rate meter 6, and water level gauge 7 for 30 minutes to record the final stable state of the submarine fan. Subsequently, sequentially shut down the turbidity meter 5, flow rate meter 6, water level gauge 7, camera 8, laser scanning equipment, and water pump 10. After the water flow in the tank 2 has settled, collect the monitoring data from the laser scanning equipment, export the experimental image data and laser scanning configuration data from the computer, perform frame extraction and editing on the images, perform three-dimensional modeling processing on the configuration data, and combine the monitoring parameters and image data to analyze the formation process and morphological characteristics of the debris flow-deposited submarine fan.

[0050] 5. Experimental repeatability and parameter adjustment; If it is necessary to simulate different geological scenarios (such as different slopes and different turbidity current components), the slope of the simulated continental shelf section 401 can be adjusted, for example, to 0.5° or 1°; the turbidity current ratio parameters can be adjusted, for example, by changing the mass ratio of clay to sand. Repeat the above implementation steps to conduct multiple sets of comparative experiments and obtain relevant data on submarine fan deposition under different conditions.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test apparatus for simulating a clastic flow-deposited submarine fan, characterized by, include: Support base; A water tank is installed inside the support base, and a continental shelf simulation platform is installed at one end of the water tank; a turbidity meter, a flow meter and a water level gauge are respectively installed inside the water tank; A mixing tank, positioned above the continental shelf simulation platform, is used to precisely proportion turbidity flow and provide the initial medium for the formation of debris flow; A circulating water supply assembly includes connected water pipes and a water pump; the water pump is mounted on a continental shelf simulation platform; the circulating water supply assembly is used to flush the turbidity current on the continental shelf simulation platform downwards; A laser scanning device is installed on top of the support base, directly above the water tank, and is used to collect data on the configuration changes during the formation of the submarine fan by the debris flow in real time.

2. A test apparatus to simulate a turbidite depositional submarine fan according to claim 1, wherein, The continental shelf simulation platform includes a simulated continental shelf section and a simulated continental slope section arranged sequentially, and the bottom of the water tank is a simulated deep-sea plain section.

3. The experimental apparatus for simulating debris flow deposition of submarine fans according to claim 2, characterized in that, The simulated continental shelf section is provided with a downward tilt angle A, the tilt angle ranging from 0.5° to 1°; the slope angle B of the simulated continental slope section ranges from 1° to 10°; the simulated deep-sea plain section is provided with a downward tilt angle C, the tilt angle C being 0.5°.

4. The experimental apparatus for simulating debris flow deposition of submarine fans according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixing tank is mounted on top of the continental shelf simulation platform via a bracket, and a discharge valve is provided at the bottom of the mixing tank.

5. The experimental apparatus for simulating debris flow deposition of submarine fans according to claim 1, characterized in that, A mobile water observation platform is installed on the top of the water tank, and the laser scanning device is installed at the bottom of the mobile water observation platform.

6. The experimental apparatus for simulating debris flow deposition of submarine fans according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water tank is a transparent tank made of tempered glass.

7. The experimental apparatus for simulating debris flow deposition of submarine fans according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a camera, which is positioned outside the tank, for capturing and recording the complete dynamic process of the turbidity flow from discharge, flow, consolidation to debris flow formation and submarine fan deposition.

8. A test method for simulating debris flow deposition on a submarine fan, characterized in that, Implemented based on the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and comprising the following steps: Mix the turbid stream according to the experimental setting ratio in the mixing tank, stir evenly, and let it stand for later use. Start the turbidity meter, flow meter, water level gauge, and laser scanning equipment; Open the discharge valve of the mixing tank and slowly discharge the turbidity flow to the continental shelf simulation platform in the water tank; the turbidity flow flows naturally downward along the continental shelf simulation platform, gradually solidifies and forms a delta in the process; the solidified material continues to flow with the water flow into the deep sea plain simulation section area, forming debris flow and depositing to form a seafloor fan. During the simulation of submarine fan formation, the laser scanning device continuously delineates the submarine fan configuration, and the turbidity meter, the flow meter, and the water level meter transmit water parameters in real time. After the seafloor fan sedimentary morphology stabilizes, the operation of the turbidity meter, flow meter, water level gauge, and laser scanning equipment is stopped in sequence, and the monitoring data and configuration data are collected and analyzed comprehensively.

9. The experimental method for simulating debris flow deposition of submarine fans according to claim 8, characterized in that, During the simulation of the formation of a seafloor fan, a camera was placed outside the water tank, and the camera's shooting function was activated to simultaneously record dynamic images of each stage of the experiment.

Images