A near-surface elastic parameter inversion method based on controllable source force signals
By establishing a mathematical model of a controllable seismic source excitation device and using the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system and the ground coupling system, the transfer function was derived, solving the problem of obtaining elastic parameters in complex exploration areas and realizing low-cost near-surface parameter inversion.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL CORP
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies make it difficult to directly measure the elastic parameters at the excitation point of a controllable seismic source, especially in complex exploration areas such as piedmont zones, deserts, and snowfields. This leads to difficulties in seismic data processing and interpretation, and conventional methods are costly and challenging.
Based on the controllable source force signal, a mathematical model of the controllable source excitation device is established. Through the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system and the ground coupling system, the transfer function is derived, and the near-surface elastic parameters are obtained by inversion.
No additional construction surveying is required; near-surface parameters at the controllable seismic source excitation point can be directly obtained, reducing the cost of field data acquisition and observation, and making it suitable for complex exploration areas.
Smart Images
Figure CN122151193A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of geophysical exploration technology, and in particular to a method for inverting near-surface elastic parameters based on controllable source force signals. Background Technology
[0002] The complexity of near-surface features is a key factor affecting the quality of onshore seismic acquisition, and also determines the quality of subsequent seismic data processing and interpretation. However, current methods make it difficult to directly measure the elastic parameters at the source excitation point during seismic data acquisition. This is especially true in complex exploration areas, such as piedmont zones, deserts, and snowfields, where near-surface features vary dramatically between different sources, posing significant challenges to subsequent seismic data processing and interpretation. Conventional methods such as micrologging and refraction observations are costly and difficult to use for obtaining near-surface elastic parameters, failing to meet the production needs of complex exploration areas.
[0003] Compared to conventional explosive seismic sources, controlled seismic sources can acquire massive amounts of high-density seismic data in a short time, greatly improving the efficiency of field acquisition. They have been widely used by major oil companies worldwide in complex exploration areas such as deserts, snowfields, and piedmont zones. However, obtaining the elastic parameters at the excitation point of a controlled seismic source and applying them to subsequent seismic data processing and interpretation has become a critical challenge that urgently needs to be addressed in controlled seismic source acquisition and processing. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, at least one embodiment of the present invention provides a method for inverting near-surface elastic parameters based on controllable source force signals, thereby solving the technical problem that traditional explosive source acquisition methods struggle to obtain near-surface elastic parameters.
[0005] In some optional embodiments, the method includes the following steps:
[0006] Based on the coupling effect between the hammer, vibrating plate and the ground, a mathematical model of a controllable source excitation device that reflects the characteristics of the controllable source excitation device is established.
[0007] Based on the mathematical model of the controllable source excitation device, the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system is derived, and the weighted sum of the ground force of the controllable source excitation system is obtained using the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system.
[0008] Based on the coupling effect between the vibrating plate and the ground, the force transmission formula of the ground coupling system is derived according to the weighted sum of ground forces;
[0009] Based on the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system and the force transmission formula of the ground coupling system, the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system is derived.
[0010] The near-surface elastic parameters are inverted using the transfer function between the controllable source, the hammer, the vibrating plate, and the ground system.
[0011] In some optional embodiments, the establishment of a mathematical model of the controllable seismic source excitation device, based on the coupling effect between the weight, the vibrating plate, and the ground, reflecting the characteristics of the controllable seismic source excitation device, includes:
[0012] The controlled source, weight, vibrating plate, and ground are approximated as an elastic damping system, which consists of two parts: a weight-vibrating plate system and a ground coupling system. The scanning signal input from the controlled source is converted into a weighted sum of ground forces by the weight-vibrating plate system, and the weighted sum of ground forces is converted into force signals by the ground coupling system and transmitted underground.
[0013] A mathematical model of a controllable seismic source excitation device is established based on its characteristics.
[0014] In some optional embodiments, the step of using the force transmission formula of the weighted vibrating plate system to calculate the weighted sum of the ground forces of the controllable source excitation system includes:
[0015] Using the force transmission formula of the aforementioned hammer-vibrating plate system, the weighted sum of the ground forces of the controllable source excitation system is obtained based on the mass and acceleration signals of the hammer and vibrating plate.
[0016] In some optional embodiments, deriving the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system based on the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system and the force transmission formula of the ground coupling system includes:
[0017] The force transmission formulas of the hammer-vibrating plate system and the ground coupling system are transformed into the Laplace domain to obtain the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system.
[0018] In some optional embodiments, the inversion of near-surface elastic parameters using the transfer function between the controllable source weight-vibrating plate-ground system includes:
[0019] Using the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system, the near-surface elastic parameters at the source excitation point are determined based on the acceleration signals of the vibrating plate and the hammer.
[0020] In some optional embodiments, the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system is:
[0021]
[0022] Among them, M r To control the mass of the seismic source hammer, A r M is the acceleration signal of the hammer.b To control the mass of the vibrating plate of the source, A b M is the acceleration signal of the vibrating plate. g To capture the mass of the earth using a controlled seismic source, D g and K g These are the near-surface stiffness parameter and viscosity parameter, respectively.
[0023] In some alternative embodiments, the near-surface elastic parameters include near-surface stiffness parameters and viscosity parameters.
[0024] At least one embodiment of the present invention also provides a near-surface elastic parameter inversion device based on controllable source force signals, characterized in that it comprises:
[0025] The model building module is used to establish a mathematical model of a controllable source excitation device that reflects the characteristics of the controllable source excitation device based on the coupling effect between the weight, the vibrating plate and the ground.
[0026] The first formula derivation module is used to derive the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system based on the mathematical model of the controllable source excitation device, and to use the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system to obtain the weighted sum of the ground force of the controllable source excitation system.
[0027] The second formula derivation module is used to derive the force transmission formula of the ground coupling system based on the coupling effect between the vibrating plate and the ground, according to the weighted sum of ground forces.
[0028] The transfer function derivation module is used to derive the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system based on the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system and the force transmission formula of the ground coupling system.
[0029] The elastic parameter inversion module is used to invert the near-surface elastic parameters using the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system.
[0030] At least one embodiment of the present invention also provides an electronic device, characterized in that it comprises:
[0031] At least one processor; and,
[0032] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,
[0033] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, which enables the at least one processor to perform the near-surface elastic parameter inversion method based on controllable source force signals as described above.
[0034] At least one embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the near-surface elastic parameter inversion method based on controllable source force signals as described above.
[0035] At least one embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the near-surface elastic parameter inversion method based on a controllable source force signal as described above.
[0036] Compared with existing technologies, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for inverting near-surface elastic parameters based on controlled-source force signals. Utilizing the acceleration signals of the hammer and vibrating plate obtained during actual controlled-source acquisition, and considering the characteristics of the controlled-source excitation device while taking into account the coupling factors between the vibrating plate and the ground, a mathematical model of the controlled-source excitation device is constructed, and the transfer function between the controlled-source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system is derived. The near-surface elastic parameters are then inverted using this transfer function, ultimately obtaining the near-surface parameters at the controlled-source excitation device. This method presents a novel approach for inverting near-surface elastic parameters using controlled-source forces, directly obtaining these parameters from the controlled-source force signal at the excitation site without requiring additional construction measurements, significantly reducing the cost of field acquisition and observation, and is applicable to complex exploration areas with drastic near-surface surface changes. Attached Figure Description
[0037] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, and these illustrative descriptions do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments.
[0038] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps of the near-surface elastic parameter inversion method used in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
[0039] Figure 2 This is the mathematical model of the controllable vibration source excitation device constructed in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
[0040] Figure 3 This refers to the controllable seismic source scanning signal and force signal provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
[0041] Figure 4 This is the controllable vibration source acceleration signal provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
[0042] Figure 5 This is the result of the near-surface elastic parameter inversion of the controllable seismic source provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details are presented in the embodiments of the present invention to facilitate a better understanding of the invention. However, the technical solutions claimed in the present invention can be implemented even without these technical details and various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments. The division of the following embodiments is for ease of description and should not constitute any limitation on the specific implementation of the present invention. The various embodiments can be combined with and referenced by each other without contradiction.
[0044] As mentioned earlier, to address the technical problem of difficulty in obtaining near-surface elastic parameters using traditional explosive source acquisition, this invention proposes a method for inverting near-surface elastic parameters based on controllable source force signals. This method approximates the controllable source excitation device as an elastically damped system. The input scanning signal is converted into a force signal by the excitation device and interacts with the ground. Based on the characteristics of controllable source excitation and considering the coupling effect between the weight, vibrating plate, and the ground, a mathematical and physical model of the controllable source excitation device is established. The force signal transmission process is represented by a transfer function. By solving this transfer function, the near-surface elastic parameters at the source excitation location can be obtained through inversion.
[0045] The implementation details of the above method are described in detail below through examples. The following content is only for the convenience of understanding the implementation details and is not necessary for implementing this solution.
[0046] Example 1:
[0047] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a method for inverting near-surface elastic parameters based on controllable source force signals. The method mainly includes the following steps:
[0048] Step 1: Based on the characteristics of the controllable source excitation device and taking into account the coupling effect between the weight, the vibrating plate and the ground, establish a model of the controllable source excitation device to provide a mathematical and physical model for obtaining near-surface elastic parameters.
[0049] Step 2: Based on the constructed controllable source excitation device model, the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system is derived. The weighted sum of the ground force of the controllable source excitation system can be further obtained using the mass and acceleration signals of the hammer and vibrating plate.
[0050] Step 3: Taking into account the coupling between the vibrating plate and the ground, the weighted sum of ground forces is further transmitted downwards, and the force transmission formula of the ground coupling system is derived.
[0051] Step 4: Using the force transmission formulas from Step 2 and Step 3, the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system can be further derived.
[0052] Step 5: Invert the near-surface elastic parameters using the transfer function of the controllable seismic source excitation device.
[0053] Furthermore, based on the characteristics of the controllable source excitation device in step one, it can be approximated as an elastic damping system, which consists of two parts: a weighted hammer-vibrating plate system and a ground coupling system. The scanning signal input from the controllable source is converted into a weighted sum of ground forces by the weighted hammer-vibrating plate system, and then the weighted sum of ground forces is converted into force signals by the ground coupling system and transmitted underground.
[0054] In step two, based on the constructed controllable vibration source excitation device model, the force transmission formula of the weight-vibrating plate system can be derived, specifically expressed as follows:
[0055] -F g =M r A r +M b A b (1)
[0056] Among them, F g For weighted sum of ground forces, M r To control the mass of the seismic source hammer, A r M is the acceleration signal of the hammer. b To control the mass of the vibrating plate of the source, A b The signal is the vibration plate acceleration signal. The scanning signal is converted into a weighted sum of ground forces by the weighted hammer-vibration plate system and continues to propagate downwards.
[0057] In step three, the weighted sum of ground forces continues to propagate downwards to the ground-coupled system. Considering the coupling between the vibrating plate and the ground, the force transmission formula for the ground-coupled system is derived as follows:
[0058] F g =-(M g A b +D g V b +K g X b (2)
[0059] Among them, M g To capture the mass of the earth using a controlled seismic source, D g and K g These are the near-surface coupling stiffness and viscosity parameters, V. b and X b The velocity and displacement signals of the controllable source vibrating plate.
[0060] In step four, combining the force transmission formula (1) from step two and the force transmission formula (2) from step three, and transforming them to the Laplace domain, the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system can be further obtained, specifically expressed as follows:
[0061]
[0062] In step five, when the acceleration signals of the vibrating plate and the hammer are input, the near-surface elastic parameters D at the source excitation point can be obtained by inversion using the transfer function in equation (3). g and K g .
[0063] Example 2
[0064] The technical solution and beneficial effects of the present invention will be further illustrated below with a specific example. In this embodiment, the near-surface elastic parameter inversion method based on controllable source force signals involved in the present invention is verified through actual data testing. This method utilizes the acceleration signals of the hammer and vibrating plate obtained in actual controlled source acquisition, and uses the transfer function of the controlled source excitation device to invert the near-surface elastic parameters, ultimately obtaining the near-surface viscosity and stiffness parameters at the controlled source excitation device (see...). Figure 1 ).
[0065] This method fully considers the nonlinear vibrator, plate deflection, and coupling effects between the weight, plate, and ground in a controlled-source excitation system. It treats the controlled-source excitation system as an elastically damped system. By constructing a model of the controlled-source excitation device, the excitation process is converted into a force signal transmission process, which is then characterized using a transmission function. This provides a mathematical and physical model for the inversion of near-surface elastic parameters (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 2 ).
[0066] Figure 3 This involves the conversion of controlled source scanning signals into force signals from actual data. The scanning signal input to the seismic source excitation device is converted into a force signal that interacts with the ground through a weight-vibrating plate system and a ground coupling system. Figure 3 (a) is the scanning signal input during actual acquisition by the controllable seismic source. Figure 3 (b) is the force signal transmitted underground after passing through the controllable seismic source excitation device.
[0067] Figure 4 These are the acceleration signals of the hammer and vibrating plate recorded during the actual controllable seismic source excitation process, among which, Figure 4 (a) is the acceleration signal of a controllable seismic source hammer. Figure 4(b) is the acceleration signal of the controllable source plate. Using these two signals as inputs to the transfer function, the near-surface elastic parameters at the excitation point can be inverted. The inverted near-surface viscosity and stiffness are as follows: Figure 5 As shown. Among them, Figure 5 (a) represents the near-surface viscosity parameter at the excitation point. Figure 5 (b) represents the near-surface stiffness parameters at the excitation point of a controllable seismic source. Figure 5 As can be seen, both near-surface viscosity and stiffness exhibit a trend of gradually decreasing with increasing frequency.
[0068] The above method utilizes the acceleration signals of the hammer and vibrating plate obtained from actual controlled-source acquisition. Based on the characteristics of the controlled-source excitation device and considering the coupling factors between the vibrating plate and the ground, a mathematical model of the controlled-source excitation device is constructed, and the transfer function between the controlled-source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system is derived. The near-surface elastic parameters are inverted using the transfer function of the controlled-source excitation device, ultimately obtaining the near-surface viscosity and stiffness at the controlled-source excitation device. This method presents a novel method for inverting near-surface elastic parameters of controlled-source devices, directly obtaining near-surface elastic parameters from the controlled-source force signal at the excitation site without the need for additional construction measurements, greatly reducing the cost of field acquisition and observation, and is applicable to complex exploration areas with drastic near-surface surface changes.
[0069] Example 3
[0070] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a near-surface elastic parameter inversion device based on controllable source force signals, comprising:
[0071] The model building module is used to establish a mathematical model of a controllable source excitation device that reflects the characteristics of the controllable source excitation device based on the coupling effect between the weight, the vibrating plate and the ground.
[0072] The first formula derivation module is used to derive the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system based on the mathematical model of the controllable source excitation device, and to use the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system to obtain the weighted sum of the ground force of the controllable source excitation system.
[0073] The second formula derivation module is used to derive the force transmission formula of the ground coupling system based on the coupling effect between the vibrating plate and the ground, according to the weighted sum of ground forces.
[0074] The transfer function derivation module is used to derive the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system based on the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system and the force transmission formula of the ground coupling system.
[0075] The elastic parameter inversion module is used to invert the near-surface elastic parameters using the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system.
[0076] Example 4:
[0077] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to an electronic device, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the near-surface elastic parameter inversion method based on controllable source force signals in the above embodiments.
[0078] The memory and processor are connected via a bus, which can include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges, connecting various circuits of one or more processors and memories. The bus can also connect various other circuits, such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and will not be described further herein. The bus interface provides an interface between the bus and the transceiver. The transceiver can be a single element or multiple elements, such as multiple receivers and transmitters, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium. Data processed by the processor is transmitted over the wireless medium via an antenna, which further receives data and transmits it to the processor.
[0079] The processor manages the bus and general processing, and also provides various functions, including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. Memory is used to store data used by the processor during operation.
[0080] Example 5:
[0081] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the near-surface elastic parameter inversion method based on controllable source force signals described in the above embodiments.
[0082] That is, those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. This program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a device (which may be a microcontroller, chip, etc.) or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.
[0083] Example 6
[0084] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the near-surface elastic parameter inversion method based on controllable source force signals described in the above embodiments.
[0085] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific embodiments for implementing the present invention, and in practical applications, various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for inverting near-surface elastic parameters based on controllable source force signals, characterized in that, include: Based on the coupling effect between the hammer, vibrating plate and the ground, a mathematical model of a controllable source excitation device that reflects the characteristics of the controllable source excitation device is established. Based on the mathematical model of the controllable source excitation device, the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system is derived, and the weighted sum of the ground force of the controllable source excitation system is obtained using the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system. Based on the coupling effect between the vibrating plate and the ground, the force transmission formula of the ground coupling system is derived according to the weighted sum of ground forces; Based on the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system and the force transmission formula of the ground coupling system, the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system is derived. The near-surface elastic parameters are inverted using the transfer function between the controllable source, the hammer, the vibrating plate, and the ground system.
2. The near-surface elastic parameter inversion method based on controllable source force signal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mathematical model of the controllable seismic source excitation device, which reflects the characteristics of the device, is established based on the coupling effect between the weight, the vibrating plate, and the ground. This model includes: The controlled source, weight, vibrating plate, and ground are approximated as an elastic damping system, which consists of two parts: a weight-vibrating plate system and a ground coupling system. The scanning signal input from the controlled source is converted into a weighted sum of ground forces by the weight-vibrating plate system, and the weighted sum of ground forces is converted into force signals by the ground coupling system and transmitted underground. A mathematical model of a controllable seismic source excitation device is established based on its characteristics.
3. The near-surface elastic parameter inversion method based on controllable source force signal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the weighted sum of ground forces in the controllable source excitation system using the force transmission formula of the aforementioned hammer-vibrating plate system includes: Using the force transmission formula of the aforementioned hammer-vibrating plate system, the weighted sum of the ground forces of the controllable source excitation system is obtained based on the mass and acceleration signals of the hammer and vibrating plate.
4. The near-surface elastic parameter inversion method based on controllable source force signal according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of deriving the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system based on the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system and the force transmission formula of the ground coupling system includes: The force transmission formulas of the hammer-vibrating plate system and the ground coupling system are transformed into the Laplace domain to obtain the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system.
5. The near-surface elastic parameter inversion method based on controllable source force signal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inversion of near-surface elastic parameters using the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system includes: Using the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system, the near-surface elastic parameters at the source excitation point are determined based on the acceleration signals of the vibrating plate and the hammer.
6. The near-surface elastic parameter inversion method based on controllable source force signal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system is: Among them, M r To control the mass of the seismic source hammer, A r M is the acceleration signal of the hammer. b To control the mass of the vibrating plate of the source, A b M is the acceleration signal of the vibrating plate. g To capture the mass of the earth using a controlled seismic source, D g and K g These are the near-surface stiffness parameter and viscosity parameter, respectively.
7. The near-surface elastic parameter inversion method based on controllable source force signal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The near-surface elastic parameters include near-surface stiffness parameters and viscosity parameters.
8. A near-surface elastic parameter inversion device based on controllable source force signals, characterized in that, include: The model building module is used to establish a mathematical model of a controllable source excitation device that reflects the characteristics of the controllable source excitation device based on the coupling effect between the weight, the vibrating plate and the ground. The first formula derivation module is used to derive the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system based on the mathematical model of the controllable source excitation device, and to use the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system to obtain the weighted sum of the ground force of the controllable source excitation system. The second formula derivation module is used to derive the force transmission formula of the ground coupling system based on the coupling effect between the vibrating plate and the ground, according to the weighted sum of ground forces. The transfer function derivation module is used to derive the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system based on the force transmission formula of the hammer-vibrating plate system and the force transmission formula of the ground coupling system. The elastic parameter inversion module is used to invert the near-surface elastic parameters using the transfer function between the controllable source hammer-vibrating plate-ground system.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; as well as, A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the near-surface elastic parameter inversion method based on a controllable source force signal as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the near-surface elastic parameter inversion method based on controllable source force signal as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.