Stratigraphic absorption compensation method, system, device, storage medium and program product

Abstract

The application discloses a stratum absorption compensation method, system, device, storage medium and program product. The method comprises the following steps: converting an original seismic record into a frequency space domain seismic record; constructing a target function of a signal space prediction operator according to the frequency space domain seismic record and solving the target function to obtain a low-frequency signal space prediction operator; based on the frequency extendibility of the signal space prediction operator, a high-frequency signal space prediction operator is obtained by extrapolation of the low-frequency signal space prediction operator, and then a full-frequency signal space prediction operator is obtained; a full-frequency prediction error filter is obtained according to the full-frequency signal space prediction operator; and based on the full-frequency prediction error filter and the frequency space domain seismic record, a target function of stratum absorption compensation is constructed and solved to obtain an absorption-compensated seismic record. The application can inhibit the influence of noise interference on absorption compensation and improve the recovery precision of absorption compensation on seismic signals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas exploration technology, and in particular to formation absorption compensation methods, systems, equipment, storage media, and program products. Background Technology

[0002] Absorption compensation, as the inverse operation of formation absorption, is a frequency-dependent exponential amplification process. Due to the unavoidable noise interference in seismic records, absorption compensation amplifies the noise interference simultaneously with the seismic signal. In particular, the high-frequency components of the seismic signal have very weak energy and are often submerged by high-frequency noise.

[0003] After absorption compensation, high-frequency noise is exponentially amplified, which severely reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic record after absorption compensation and limits the accuracy of high-frequency signal recovery by absorption compensation.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a formation absorption compensation method constrained by signal spatial prediction operators to suppress the impact of noise interference on absorption compensation and improve the accuracy of seismic signal recovery by absorption compensation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a formation absorption compensation method, system, device, storage medium, and program product that can suppress the impact of noise interference on absorption compensation and improve the accuracy of seismic signal recovery by absorption compensation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a formation absorption compensation method, characterized in that it includes:

[0008] The original seismic records are converted into frequency spatial domain seismic records; the original seismic records are seismic records that include stratigraphic absorption and noise.

[0009] The objective function of the signal spatial prediction operator is constructed and solved based on the frequency spatial domain seismic records to obtain the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator.

[0010] Based on the frequency extensibility of the signal spatial prediction operator, the high-frequency signal spatial prediction operator is obtained by extrapolation of the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator, and then the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator is obtained.

[0011] Based on the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator, a full-frequency prediction error filter is obtained;

[0012] Based on the full-frequency prediction error filter and the frequency spatial domain seismic record, an objective function for formation absorption compensation is constructed and solved to obtain the absorption-compensated seismic record.

[0013] In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a formation absorption compensation system, comprising:

[0014] The input conversion unit is used to convert the input raw seismic record into a frequency spatial domain seismic record; wherein the raw seismic record is a seismic record containing stratigraphic absorption and noise;

[0015] The solver unit is used to construct and solve the objective function of the signal spatial prediction operator based on the frequency spatial domain seismic records to obtain the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator.

[0016] The extrapolation unit is used to extrapolate the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator to obtain the high-frequency signal spatial prediction operator based on the frequency extensibility of the signal spatial prediction operator, and then obtain the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator.

[0017] The acquisition unit is used to obtain the full-frequency prediction error filter based on the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator;

[0018] The output unit is used to construct and solve the objective function of stratigraphic absorption compensation based on the full-frequency prediction error filter and the frequency spatial domain seismic record, and to obtain the absorption-compensated seismic record and output it.

[0019] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program or instructions to implement the aforementioned formation absorption compensation method.

[0020] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer storage medium storing a computer program or instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the aforementioned formation absorption compensation method.

[0021] Fifthly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer program product, including a computer program or instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the aforementioned formation absorption compensation method.

[0022] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention estimates the signal identification operator (i.e., the full-frequency prediction error operator) from the seismic record itself and introduces it into the regularization condition of the formation absorption compensation objective function; it uses the full-frequency prediction error operator to adaptively identify and selectively compensate for seismic signals and noise interference, suppresses the amplification effect of noise interference in absorption compensation, and enhances the recovery accuracy of seismic signals.

[0023] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a formation absorption compensation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a synthetic seismic record containing formation absorption and random noise in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the synthetic seismic record after absorption compensation using the conventional method in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the synthetic seismic record after absorption compensation using the method of the present invention in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the actual earthquake record before applying the absorption compensation method of the present invention in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the amplitude spectrum of an actual earthquake record before absorption compensation is applied in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an actual earthquake record after absorption compensation using the method of the present invention in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the amplitude spectrum of an actual earthquake record after absorption compensation using the method of the present invention in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a formation absorption compensation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] According to the expression of the formation absorption filter, formation absorption is an exponential decay process related to frequency; as the inverse operation of formation absorption, formation absorption compensation should be an exponential amplification process related to frequency, with the amplification in decibels being greater at higher frequencies.

[0037] Existing absorption compensation methods mostly adopt a single-channel operation mode, which cannot distinguish between seismic signals and noise interference. While amplifying the seismic signal, they also amplify the noise interference and reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic record after absorption compensation.

[0038] Therefore, in order to suppress the impact of noise interference on absorption compensation, this invention estimates the seismic signal identification operator from the seismic data itself and introduces it into the formation absorption compensation system to achieve adaptive selective compensation of seismic signals and noise interference, thereby enhancing the accuracy of seismic signal recovery.

[0039] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, embodiments of the present invention disclose a formation absorption compensation method, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0040] Step S1: Convert the original seismic record into a frequency spatial domain seismic record; wherein, the original seismic record is a seismic record that includes stratigraphic absorption and noise;

[0041] Step S2: Construct the objective function of the signal spatial prediction operator based on the frequency spatial domain seismic records and solve it to obtain the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator;

[0042] Step S3: Based on the frequency extensibility of the signal spatial prediction operator, the high-frequency signal spatial prediction operator is obtained by extrapolation using the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator, and then the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator is obtained.

[0043] Step S4: Obtain the full-frequency prediction error filter (i.e., the full-frequency prediction error operator) based on the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator;

[0044] Step S5: Based on the full-frequency prediction error filter and the frequency spatial domain seismic record, construct and solve the objective function of formation absorption compensation to obtain the absorption-compensated seismic record.

[0045] In some specific embodiments, step S1: converting the original seismic record into a frequency spatial domain seismic record includes:

[0046] Compared to ambient noise, seismic signals possess spatial coherence and spatial predictability, and spatial predictability can be characterized and described using autoregressive prediction models.

[0047] Therefore, the original seismic record is represented as d(t,x); where t represents the reflection time and x represents the spatial location.

[0048] Then, a Fourier transform is performed on the original seismic record to obtain the frequency spatial domain seismic record d(f,x), which is used to establish an autoregressive prediction model; where f represents the frequency.

[0049] In some specific embodiments, step S2: constructing and solving the objective function of the signal spatial prediction operator based on the frequency spatial domain seismic records to obtain the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator, including:

[0050] Step S21: Convolve the frequency spatial domain seismic record d(f,x) and the signal spatial prediction operator p(f,x) to obtain the autoregressive prediction model of the frequency spatial domain seismic record, that is, to obtain the autoregressive prediction model of the seismic signal in the spatial frequency domain; wherein, the autoregressive prediction model is:

[0051]

[0052] In the formula, d(f,x) represents the frequency spatial domain seismic record, f represents the frequency, x represents the spatial location; ξ represents the first intermediate variable in the convolution operation, p(f,ξ) represents the signal spatial prediction operator p(f,x) of the convolution, l represents the spatial length (i.e. the length of the spatial direction); d(f,x-ξ) represents the frequency spatial domain seismic record d(f,x) of the convolution.

[0053] The physical meaning of the autoregressive prediction model is that a seismic record at a certain location can be linearly predicted using the preceding l seismic records.

[0054] Step S22: Based on the autoregressive prediction model, the objective function of the signal space prediction operator is established as follows:

[0055]

[0056] In the formula, e(f) represents the objective function of the signal spatial prediction operator, d(f,x) represents the frequency spatial domain seismic record, f represents the frequency, and x represents the spatial location; p(f,ξ) represents the convolutional signal spatial prediction operator p(f,x), l represents the spatial length, and ξ represents the first intermediate variable in the convolution operation; d(f,x-ξ) represents the convolutional frequency spatial domain seismic record d(f,x), and λ1 represents the regularization coefficient.

[0057] Step S23: Solve for the objective function of the signal spatial prediction operator using the conjugate gradient method. In principle, it is possible to obtain the signal spatial prediction operator p(f,x) for each frequency (i.e., obtain the spatial prediction operator for the full-frequency signal). However, due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of high-frequency signals, directly using the objective function of the signal spatial prediction operator to calculate the high-frequency signal spatial prediction operator results in a large error and cannot well represent the prediction relationship between different seismic traces. Therefore, only the objective function of the signal spatial prediction operator is used to calculate the low-frequency (i.e., frequency less than the highest effective frequency f) low-frequency signals. m The signal space prediction operator p) m (f,x).

[0058] In some specific embodiments, step S3: Based on the frequency extensibility of the signal spatial prediction operator, the high-frequency signal spatial prediction operator is obtained by extrapolation using the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator, and then the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator is obtained, including the following steps:

[0059] Step S31: Based on the signal spatial prediction operator p(f,x) (in the implementation process, a full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator or a low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator can be used, the principle of which has been shown in step S23), the objective function of the frequency extrapolation operator is constructed through convolution operation as follows:

[0060]

[0061] In the formula, δ(x) represents the objective function of the frequency extrapolation operator, x represents the spatial position; f represents the frequency, p(f,x) represents the signal spatial prediction operator; η represents the second intermediate variable in the convolution operation, k represents the length of the frequency extrapolation operator h(f,x) in the frequency direction, h(η,x) represents the frequency extrapolation operator h(f,x) of the convolution, p(f-η,x) represents the signal spatial prediction operator p(f,x) of the convolution, and λ2 represents the regularization coefficient.

[0062] The objective function of the frequency extrapolation operator is solved using the conjugate gradient method to obtain the frequency extrapolation operator h(f,x).

[0063] Step S32: Based on the frequency extensibility of the signal spatial prediction operator, the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator is extrapolated and reconstructed using the frequency extrapolation operator to obtain the high-frequency signal spatial prediction operator. Specifically, this includes:

[0064] A scanning analysis of the original seismic records was performed to determine the highest effective frequency f of the original seismic records. m For frequencies f greater than the highest effective frequency f m The high-frequency signal spatial prediction operators are all obtained by using the frequency extrapolation operator and the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator extrapolation reconstruction method.

[0065] The high-frequency signal spatial prediction operator is obtained through the following formula:

[0066]

[0067] In the formula, p h (f,x) represents the high-frequency signal spatial prediction operator, η represents the second intermediate variable in the convolution operation, k represents the length of the frequency extrapolation operator h(f,x) in the frequency direction, h(ξ,x) represents the frequency extrapolation operator h(f,x) of the convolution, and p m (f-η,x) represents the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator p of the convolution. m (f,x).

[0068] Step S33: Based on all low-frequency signal spatial prediction operators and high-frequency signal spatial prediction operators in the frequency spatial domain seismic record, obtain the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator (referring to the spatial prediction operator for full-frequency seismic signals) as follows:

[0069]

[0070] In the formula, p a (f,x) denotes the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator, p h (f,x) denotes the high-frequency signal spatial prediction operator, p m (f,x) represents the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator; f represents the frequency, f m This represents the highest effective frequency of the original seismic record.

[0071] In some specific embodiments, step S4: Based on the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator, the full-frequency prediction error filter is obtained as follows:

[0072]

[0073] In the formula, g(f,x) represents the full-frequency prediction error filter, and p a (f,x) represents the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator, where f represents the frequency and x represents the spatial location.

[0074] In some specific embodiments, step S5: Based on the full-frequency prediction error filter and the frequency spatial domain seismic record, constructing and solving the objective function for stratigraphic absorption compensation to obtain the absorption-compensated seismic record includes:

[0075] Step S51: Based on the formation absorption quality factor function, establish the expression for the formation absorption filter; wherein, the expression for the formation absorption filter is:

[0076]

[0077] In the formula, c(f,t) represents the formation absorption filter, t represents the reflection time, Q(t) represents the formation absorption quality factor function, i represents the unit imaginary number, H() represents the Hilbert transform, and f represents the frequency.

[0078] Step S52: The full-frequency prediction error filter expresses the predictability of seismic signals at different frequencies in spatial location and can be used as an identification operator for seismic signals and noise interference. Therefore, the full-frequency prediction error filter is introduced as prior information into the formation absorption compensation process (to suppress the amplification effect of noise interference in absorption compensation). Combining the frequency spatial domain seismic record and the expression of the formation absorption filter, the objective function of the formation absorption compensation process is established as follows:

[0079]

[0080] In the formula, ε represents the objective function of the formation absorption compensation process, x represents the spatial location, d(f,x) represents the frequency spatial domain seismic record with formation absorption; c(f,t) represents the formation absorption filter, a(t,x) represents the seismic record after absorption compensation, t represents the reflection time, f represents the frequency, i represents the unit imaginary number, λ3 represents the regularization coefficient, and e(f,x) represents the regularization term for adaptive identification of signal and noise.

[0081] The regularization term e(f,x) is obtained by convolving the full-frequency prediction error filter with the absorption-compensated seismic record:

[0082]

[0083] In the formula, ξ represents the first intermediate variable in the convolution operation, l represents the spatial length, g(f,ξ) represents the full-frequency prediction error filter of the convolution, and a(f,x-ξ) represents the seismic record after absorption compensation of the convolution.

[0084] Step S53: Solve the objective function of the formation absorption compensation process using the conjugate gradient method to obtain the seismic record a(t,x) after absorption compensation.

[0085] The method of this invention is compared with the prior art: Figure 2 It is a synthetic seismic record containing stratigraphic absorption and random noise. Figure 3 It is a seismic record after absorption compensation using conventional methods, through Figure 3 It can be observed that while absorption compensation improves the resolution of seismic records, it also amplifies noise interference and reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic records after absorption compensation. Figure 4 This is a seismic record after absorption compensation using the method of this invention, through... Figure 3 and Figure 4The comparison shows that the method of the present invention can effectively suppress the noise amplification effect during the absorption compensation process, and obtain high-resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio seismic records.

[0086] This invention uses a specific exploration block as an example. Figure 5 This is the actual seismic record of the exploration block. Figure 6 It is the amplitude spectrum corresponding to the actual earthquake record; due to the absorption effect of the overlying strata, the resolution of the earthquake record is low, with a dominant frequency of only 17Hz and a maximum effective frequency of around 50Hz.

[0087] Figure 7 These are actual earthquake records after absorption compensation obtained using the method of this invention. Figure 7 It is the amplitude spectrum of the actual earthquake record after absorption compensation; through Figure 7 and Figure 8 It can be observed that the present invention effectively recovers the high-frequency components absorbed by the strata, significantly improves the resolution of seismic records, increases the dominant frequency of seismic records to 28Hz, and the highest effective frequency reaches about 70Hz. More importantly, because the method of the present invention effectively suppresses the amplification effect of noise interference during the absorption compensation process, it does not reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic records while improving the resolution. The seismic records after absorption compensation reveal richer geological phenomena and structural features, which also verifies the effectiveness of the method of the present invention.

[0088] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention disclose a system for vehicle dispatch based on visual authorization, such as... Figure 9 As shown, it includes:

[0089] The input conversion unit is used to convert the input raw seismic record into a frequency spatial domain seismic record; wherein the raw seismic record is a seismic record containing stratigraphic absorption and noise;

[0090] The solving unit is used to construct the objective function of the signal space prediction operator based on the frequency space domain seismic records and solve it to obtain the signal space prediction operator;

[0091] The extrapolation unit is used to extrapolate the low-frequency signal space prediction operator to obtain the high-frequency signal space prediction operator based on the frequency extensibility of the signal space prediction operator, and then obtain the full-frequency signal space prediction operator.

[0092] The acquisition unit is used to obtain the full-frequency prediction error filter based on the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator;

[0093] The output unit is used to construct and solve the objective function of formation absorption compensation based on the full-frequency prediction error filter and the frequency spatial domain seismic record, and to obtain the absorption-compensated seismic record and output it.

[0094] Regarding the system in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which each unit module performs operations has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0095] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 10 As shown, it includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory. The processor executes the computer program or instructions to implement the aforementioned formation absorption compensation method.

[0096] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer storage medium storing a computer program or instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned formation absorption compensation method.

[0097] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer program product, including a computer program or instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the aforementioned formation absorption compensation method.

[0098] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A formation absorption compensation method, characterized in that, include: The original seismic records are converted into frequency spatial domain seismic records; the original seismic records are seismic records that include stratigraphic absorption and noise. The objective function of the signal spatial prediction operator is constructed and solved based on the frequency spatial domain seismic records to obtain the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator. Based on the frequency extensibility of the signal spatial prediction operator, the high-frequency signal spatial prediction operator is obtained by extrapolation of the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator, and then the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator is obtained. Based on the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator, a full-frequency prediction error filter is obtained; Based on the full-frequency prediction error filter and the frequency spatial domain seismic record, an objective function for formation absorption compensation is constructed and solved to obtain the absorption-compensated seismic record.

2. The formation absorption compensation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Converting raw seismic records into frequency spatial domain seismic records includes: The original seismic record is represented as d(t,x); where t represents the reflection time and x represents the spatial location; Perform a Fourier transform on the original seismic record to obtain the frequency spatial domain seismic record d(f,x); where f represents the frequency.

3. The formation absorption compensation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on frequency-domain seismic records, an objective function for a signal spatial prediction operator is constructed and solved to obtain a low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator, including: By convolving the frequency spatial domain seismic record d(f,x) and the signal spatial prediction operator p(f,x), an autoregressive prediction model of the frequency spatial domain seismic record is obtained, which is the autoregressive prediction model of the seismic signal in the spatial frequency domain. Based on the autoregressive prediction model, an objective function for the signal space prediction operator is established. The objective function of the signal space prediction operator p is solved by using the conjugate gradient method to obtain the low-frequency signal space prediction operator p m (f,x).

4. The formation absorption compensation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The autoregressive prediction model is as follows: In the formula, d(f,x) represents the frequency spatial domain seismic record, f represents the frequency, x represents the spatial location; ξ represents the first intermediate variable in the convolution operation, p(f,ξ) represents the signal spatial prediction operator p(f,x) of the convolution, l represents the length of the signal spatial prediction operator p(f,x) in the spatial location direction; d(f,x-ξ) represents the frequency spatial domain seismic record d(f,x) of the convolution. The objective function of the signal space prediction operator is: In the formula, e(f) represents the objective function of the signal space prediction operator, and λ1 represents the regularization coefficient.

5. The formation absorption compensation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the frequency extensibility of signal spatial prediction operators, high-frequency signal spatial prediction operators are obtained by extrapolation from low-frequency signal spatial prediction operators, and then full-frequency signal spatial prediction operators are obtained, including: Based on the signal space prediction operator p(f,x), the objective function of the frequency extrapolation operator is constructed and solved through convolution operation to obtain the frequency extrapolation operator; Based on the frequency extensibility of the signal spatial prediction operator, the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator is extrapolated and reconstructed using the frequency extrapolation operator to obtain the high-frequency signal spatial prediction operator. Based on all low-frequency signal spatial prediction operators and high-frequency signal spatial prediction operators in the frequency spatial domain seismic records, the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator is obtained.

6. The formation absorption compensation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the signal spatial prediction operator, the objective function of the frequency extrapolation operator is constructed and solved through convolution operation to obtain the frequency extrapolation operator, including: The objective function of the frequency extrapolation operator is: In the formula, δ(x) represents the objective function of the frequency extrapolation operator, x represents the spatial location; f represents the frequency of the seismic record, p(f,x) represents the signal spatial prediction operator; η represents the second intermediate variable in the convolution operation, k represents the length of the frequency extrapolation operator h(f,x) in the frequency direction, h(η,x) represents the frequency extrapolation operator h(f,x) of the convolution, p(f-η,x) represents the signal spatial prediction operator p(f,x) of the convolution, and λ2 represents the regularization coefficient; The objective function of the frequency extrapolation operator is solved using the conjugate gradient method to obtain the frequency extrapolation operator h(f,x).

7. A formation absorption compensation method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The spatial prediction operator for low-frequency signals is extrapolated and reconstructed using a frequency extrapolation operator to obtain the spatial prediction operator for high-frequency signals, including: A scanning analysis of the original seismic records was performed to determine the highest effective frequency f of the original seismic records. m ; For frequencies f greater than the highest effective frequency f m The high-frequency signal spatial prediction operators are all obtained by using the frequency extrapolation operator and the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator extrapolation reconstruction method; The high-frequency signal spatial prediction operator is obtained through the following formula: In the formula, p h (f,x) represents the high-frequency signal spatial prediction operator, η represents the second intermediate variable in the convolution operation, k represents the length of the frequency extrapolation operator h(f,x) in the frequency direction, h(ξ,x) represents the frequency extrapolation operator h(f,x) of the convolution, and p m (f-η,x) represents the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator p of the convolution. m (f,x).

8. A formation absorption compensation method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator is: In the formula, p a (f,x) denotes the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator, p h (f,x) denotes the high-frequency signal spatial prediction operator, p m (f,x) represents the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator; f represents the frequency, f m Indicates the highest effective frequency of the original seismic record; The expression for the full-frequency prediction error filter is: In the formula, g(f,x) represents the full-frequency prediction error filter, and p a (f,x) represents the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator, where f represents the frequency and x represents the spatial location.

9. The formation absorption compensation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the full-frequency prediction error filter and the frequency spatial domain seismic record, an objective function for stratigraphic absorption compensation is constructed and solved to obtain the absorption-compensated seismic record, including: Based on the formation absorption quality factor function, establish the expression for the formation absorption filter; The full-frequency prediction error filter is introduced as prior information into the formation absorption compensation process, and the objective function of the formation absorption compensation process is established by combining the frequency spatial domain seismic record and the expression of the formation absorption filter. The objective function of the formation absorption compensation process is solved using the conjugate gradient method to obtain the absorption-compensated seismic record a(t,x).

10. A formation absorption compensation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The expression for the formation absorption filter is: In the formula, c(f,t) represents the formation absorption filter, t represents the reflection time, Q(t) represents the formation absorption quality factor function, i represents the unit imaginary number, H() represents the Hilbert transform, and f represents the frequency; The objective function of the formation absorption compensation process is: In the formula, ε represents the objective function of the formation absorption compensation process, x represents the spatial location, d(f,x) represents the frequency spatial domain seismic record with formation absorption; a(t,x) represents the seismic record after absorption compensation, λ3 represents the regularization coefficient, and e(f,x) represents the regularization term for adaptive identification of signal and noise. The regularization term e(f,x) is obtained by convolving the full-frequency prediction error filter with the absorption-compensated seismic record: In the formula, ξ represents the first intermediate variable in the convolution operation, l represents the spatial length, g(f,ξ) represents the full-frequency prediction error filter of the convolution, and a(f,x-ξ) represents the seismic record after absorption compensation of the convolution.

11. A formation absorption compensation system, characterized in that, include: The input conversion unit is used to convert the input raw seismic record into a frequency spatial domain seismic record; wherein the raw seismic record is a seismic record containing stratigraphic absorption and noise; The solver unit is used to construct and solve the objective function of the signal spatial prediction operator based on the frequency spatial domain seismic records to obtain the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator. The extrapolation unit is used to extrapolate the low-frequency signal spatial prediction operator to obtain the high-frequency signal spatial prediction operator based on the frequency extensibility of the signal spatial prediction operator, and then obtain the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator. The acquisition unit is used to obtain the full-frequency prediction error filter based on the full-frequency signal spatial prediction operator; The output unit is used to construct and solve the objective function of stratigraphic absorption compensation based on the full-frequency prediction error filter and the frequency spatial domain seismic record, and to obtain the absorption-compensated seismic record and output it.

12. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program or instructions to implement a formation absorption compensation method according to any one of claims 1-10.

13. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the formation absorption compensation method according to any one of claims 1-10.

14. A computer program product comprising a computer program or instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the formation absorption compensation method according to any one of claims 1-10.

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