An antenna, an antenna system, a communication device, and a communication system

Abstract

The application provides an antenna, an antenna system, a communication device and a communication system. The antenna comprises a radiator and a reflector. The plane where the radiator is located intersects the plane where the reflector is located, and the radiator is located on one side of the plane where the reflector is located. The radiator is arranged in a ring shape, and the radiator comprises a first feeding port and a second feeding port, and the first feeding port and the second feeding port are arranged at intervals. In the design scheme of the antenna provided by the application, because the structure design of the double feeding ports is adopted, the phase difference between the two feeding ports can be adjusted, so that the beam switching, the radiation mode reconstruction and the controllable adjustment of the radiation zero point of the antenna can be realized without introducing additional active elements and bias networks, thereby effectively improving the coverage capability of the antenna in the full space range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna, an antenna system, a communication device, and a communication system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of communication technology, the demand for antenna systems with high-speed data transmission, low latency, wide field of view, high gain, and flexible beam control capabilities is increasing rapidly.

[0003] Because multi-mode antenna technology and wide-angle scanning phased arrays can quickly and accurately control the beam direction in space, they can effectively extend the communication distance, increase the beam coverage area, and improve the reliability of the antenna system, thus providing technical support for efficient communication and high-precision detection with wide-area beam coverage. Therefore, they have always been a research hotspot in the field of wireless communication.

[0004] However, in traditional phased array design, antenna elements often suffer from problems such as small scanning angle and high manufacturing difficulty, making it difficult to meet the engineering requirements of wide beam and low cost for large-scale integrated applications. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an antenna, an antenna system, a communication device, and a communication system for improving communication performance.

[0006] Firstly, this application provides an antenna comprising a radiator and a reflector. The plane containing the radiator intersects the plane containing the reflector, and the radiator is located on one side of the plane containing the reflector. The radiator is arranged in a ring shape and includes a first feed port and a second feed port, which are spaced apart. In the antenna design provided in this application, a dual-feed port structure is adopted. By adjusting the phase difference between the two feed ports, beam switching, radiation mode reconstruction, and controllable adjustment of the radiation null point can be achieved without introducing additional active components and bias networks, thereby effectively improving the antenna's coverage capability across the entire space.

[0007] In one possible implementation of this application, the radiator includes a first transmission section and a second transmission section. A first end of the first transmission section and a third end of the second transmission section are connected at a first feed port, and a second end of the first transmission section and a fourth end of the second transmission section are connected at a second feed port. The first and second transmission sections have different lengths. This improves the isolation between the two feed ports, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of beam direction control when adjusting the phase of the signals fed into the two feed ports. This facilitates beam deflection, enabling beam scanning across the entire spatial range and preventing the deterioration of active standing waves.

[0008] In one possible implementation of this application, the difference in length between the first and second transmission sections may include: the phase difference ΔΦ between the first and second transmission sections satisfies: 130°≤|ΔΦ|≤230°. This is beneficial for further improving the isolation between the two feed ports, thereby improving the effectiveness of beam direction control of the antenna when adjusting the phase of the signals fed into the two feed ports, so as to achieve beam deflection, which is beneficial for achieving beam scanning of the antenna in the entire space range, and can also avoid the deterioration of active standing waves.

[0009] In one possible implementation of this application, the phase difference ΔΦ between the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit satisfies: ΔΦ = 180°. This is beneficial for further improving the isolation between the two feed ports of the radiator, so that when adjusting the phase of the signals fed into the two feed ports, it is beneficial for further improving the effectiveness of beam direction control of the antenna to achieve beam deflection, thereby facilitating beam scanning of the antenna in the entire space range, and further avoiding the deterioration of active standing waves.

[0010] In one possible implementation of this application, the phase difference ΔΦ can satisfy: ΔΦ = (ΔL / λ) × 360°, where ΔL is the difference in physical length between the first and second transmission sections, and λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna. This achieves the effect of improving the isolation between the two feed ports.

[0011] In one possible implementation of this application, the radiator can be symmetrical with respect to the centerline of the line connecting the first and second feed ports. This improves the antenna's radiation pattern symmetry, thereby enhancing the antenna beam scanning continuity.

[0012] This application does not limit the shape of the radiator. For example, in one possible implementation, the radiator may be a circular ring or a rectangular ring. Since the shape of the radiator is relatively symmetrical, it is beneficial to improve the symmetry of the antenna's radiation pattern, thereby improving the scanning continuity of the antenna beam.

[0013] In one possible implementation of this application, the antenna further includes a first dielectric substrate, a first feed line, and a second feed line. The radiator, the first feed line, and the second feed line are located on a first surface of the first dielectric substrate. The first feed line is connected to a first feed port, and the second feed line is connected to a second feed port. With this design, the two feed ports of the radiator can receive feed signals through their respective feed lines. Furthermore, the radiator, the first feed line, and the second feed line are all disposed on the same dielectric substrate, which improves the antenna's integration and simplifies its structure. Additionally, the first dielectric substrate provides support for the radiator, the first feed line, and the second feed line, thereby enhancing the antenna's structural reliability.

[0014] In one possible implementation of this application, the radiator, the first feed line, and the second feed line are integrally formed. This simplifies the antenna structure and reduces the fabrication difficulty, thereby improving the feasibility of the solution.

[0015] In one possible implementation of this application, the reflector includes a socket, into which a first dielectric substrate is inserted. This improves the structural reliability and compactness of the antenna.

[0016] In one possible implementation of this application, the first feed line and the second feed line pass through the socket, and the ends of the first feed line and the second feed line facing away from the radiator are located on opposite sides of the reflector. This facilitates the connection of the first feed line and the second feed line to the feed circuit located on the side of the reflector facing away from the radiator to receive the feed signal.

[0017] In one possible implementation of this application, the antenna further includes a first ground layer located on a first surface of the first dielectric substrate. The first ground layer is electrically connected to the reflector. A first feed line is spaced apart from the first ground layer, and a second feed line is spaced apart from the second ground layer. This is to meet the feeding requirements of the radiator.

[0018] In this application, there are various ways to implement the separation between the first feed line and the first ground layer, and the separation between the second feed line and the second ground layer. For example, in one possible implementation, the first ground layer includes a first gap and a second gap. The first feed line is located in the first gap and is separated from the first ground layer through the first gap. The second feed line is located in the second gap and is separated from the first ground layer through the second gap. This simplifies the arrangement of the antenna feed lines and forms an efficient signal transmission channel, thereby improving the communication efficiency of the antenna.

[0019] In one possible implementation of this application, the antenna further includes a first monopole, a second monopole, and a second ground layer. The first monopole, the second monopole, and the second ground layer are located on a second surface of the first dielectric substrate, opposite to the first surface. The second ground layer is close to the reflector relative to the first and second monopoles and is electrically connected to the reflector. The first and second monopoles are electrically connected to the second ground layer. Along the direction from the first surface to the second surface, the projection of the radiator on the second surface falls between the first and second monopoles, and the first and second monopoles are coupled to the radiator. With this design, the first and second monopoles can act as parasitic radiators of the radiator, which can increase the number of antenna operating modes, thereby expanding the antenna bandwidth and increasing the beam scanning range.

[0020] In one possible implementation of this application, along the arrangement direction of the first monopole and the second monopole, the width d1 of the interval between the projection of the first monopole and the radiator onto the second surface satisfies: 0 < d1 ≤ (1 / 2) × λ. Here, λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna. This improves the coupling effect between the first monopole and the radiator, allowing the first monopole to significantly influence the antenna's beamwidth, thereby increasing the antenna's beam scanning range.

[0021] Furthermore, along the arrangement direction of the first and second monopoles, the width d2 of the gap between the projection of the second monopole and the radiator onto the second surface satisfies: 0 < d2 ≤ (1 / 2) × λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna. This is beneficial for improving the coupling effect between the second monopole and the radiator, thereby enabling the second monopole to have a significant impact on the beamwidth of the antenna, which is beneficial for increasing the beam scanning range of the antenna.

[0022] In one possible implementation of this application, the first and second monopoles are symmetrically arranged with respect to the projection of the radiator onto the second surface along the arrangement direction of the first and second monopoles. This improves the radiation pattern symmetry of the antenna, thereby enhancing the beam scanning continuity and increasing the beam scanning range of the antenna.

[0023] In one possible implementation of this application, the first monopole, the second monopole, and the second grounding layer can be integrally formed. This simplifies the antenna structure and reduces the fabrication difficulty, thereby improving the feasibility of the solution.

[0024] In one possible implementation of this application, the second ground layer is connected to the first ground layer via a via that penetrates the first dielectric substrate. This creates a stable grounding path between the second ground layer, the first ground layer, and the reflector, thereby ensuring a good grounding effect.

[0025] In one possible implementation of this application, the antenna further includes a first connector and a second connector, located on the side of the reflector away from the radiator. The first connector is used to connect to a first feed circuit, and the second connector is used to connect to a second feed circuit. A first feed line is connected to the first connector, and a second feed line is connected to the second connector. Thus, the two feed ports of the antenna can be connected to their respective feed circuits via corresponding feed lines and connectors. This allows for phase adjustment of the signal between the two feed ports of the radiator by adjusting the phase of the feed signals provided by the two feed circuits, thereby achieving beam pointing adjustment of the antenna.

[0026] Secondly, this application also provides an antenna system comprising one or more antennas as described in the first aspect. The antenna system provided by this application can achieve effective coverage of a large space, and the main polarization gain remains stable with minimal gain attenuation during wide-angle scanning, indicating that the antenna system still has good radiation performance under wide-angle scanning conditions.

[0027] In one possible implementation of this application, when the antenna system includes multiple antennas, the reflectors of the multiple antennas are integrally molded to improve the integration of the antenna system.

[0028] In this application, when the antenna system includes multiple antennas, the arrangement of these antennas can be varied. For example, in one possible implementation, the radiators of the multiple antennas are arranged coplanarly, or the extension direction of the plane containing the radiators of the multiple antennas intersects with the arrangement direction of the multiple antennas. The antenna system provided in this application, when its multiple antennas are arranged in different arrays, can achieve beam scanning with a large spatial angle, while maintaining small gain fluctuations within a large scanning range, thus meeting the requirements of wide field-of-view applications.

[0029] Thirdly, this application also provides a communication device, which includes a radio frequency processing unit, a baseband processing unit, and an antenna system as described in the second aspect. The baseband processing unit is connected to the antenna system through the radio frequency processing unit. Since the antenna system provided in this application has a wide beam coverage, it is beneficial to improving the communication performance of the communication device.

[0030] Fourthly, this application also provides a communication system, which includes core network equipment and communication equipment as described in the third aspect, wherein the core network equipment and the communication equipment are communicatively connected. The communication system provided by this application has superior communication performance.

[0031] Fifthly, this application also provides a radiator arranged in a ring shape, comprising a first feed port and a second feed port, which are spaced apart. Because the radiator provided in this application employs a dual-feed port structure, when applied to an antenna, the phase difference between the two feed ports can be adjusted to achieve beam switching, radiation mode reconstruction, and controllable adjustment of the radiation null point without introducing additional active components and bias networks, thereby effectively improving the antenna's coverage capability across the entire space.

[0032] In one possible implementation of this application, the radiator includes a first transmission section and a second transmission section. A first end of the first transmission section and a third end of the second transmission section are connected at a first feed port, and a second end of the first transmission section and a fourth end of the second transmission section are connected at a second feed port. The first and second transmission sections have different lengths. This improves the isolation between the two feed ports, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of beam direction control when adjusting the phase of the signals fed into the two feed ports. This facilitates beam deflection, enabling beam scanning across the entire spatial range and preventing the deterioration of active standing waves.

[0033] In one possible implementation of this application, the difference in length between the first and second transmission sections may include: the phase difference ΔΦ between the first and second transmission sections can satisfy: 130°≤|ΔΦ|≤230°. This is beneficial for further improving the isolation between the two feed ports, thereby improving the effectiveness of beam direction control of the antenna with the radiator when adjusting the phase of the signals fed into the two feed ports, so as to achieve beam deflection, which is beneficial for achieving beam scanning of the antenna in the entire space range, and can also avoid the deterioration of active standing waves.

[0034] In one possible implementation of this application, the phase difference ΔΦ between the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit satisfies: ΔΦ = 180°. This is beneficial for further improving the isolation between the two feed ports of the radiator, so that when adjusting the phase of the signals fed into the two feed ports, it is beneficial for further improving the effectiveness of beam direction control of the antenna to achieve beam deflection, thereby facilitating beam scanning of the antenna in the entire space range, and further avoiding the deterioration of active standing waves.

[0035] In one possible implementation of this application, the phase difference ΔΦ can satisfy: ΔΦ = (ΔL / λ) × 360°, where ΔL is the difference in physical length between the first and second transmission sections, and λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna. This achieves the effect of improving the isolation between the two feed ports.

[0036] In one possible implementation of this application, the radiator can be symmetrical with respect to the centerline of the line connecting the first and second feed ports. This is beneficial for improving the pattern symmetry of the antenna with the radiator, thereby improving the scanning continuity of the antenna beam.

[0037] This application does not limit the shape of the radiator. For example, in one possible implementation, the radiator may be a circular ring or a rectangular ring. Since the shape of the radiator is relatively symmetrical, it is beneficial to improve the symmetry of the antenna's radiation pattern, thereby improving the scanning continuity of the antenna beam. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 An architecture diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an antenna system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a radiator provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 An exploded view of one structure of the antenna provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 An exploded view of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9a for Figure 5 The antenna shown is viewed from direction A. Figure 9b for Figure 5 The antenna shown is viewed from direction B. Figure 10 Another schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application; Figures 11a to 11d Radiation patterns of the antenna provided in the embodiments of this application under four different mode reconstruction states; Figure 12 An S-parameter curve of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 13 A schematic diagram of an antenna system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 14 for Figure 13 The antenna system shown in the figure has main polarization gain curves under different scanning angle conditions; Figure 15 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 16 for Figure 15 The antenna system shown has main polarization gain curves under different scanning angle conditions.

[0039] Figure label: 1000 - Communication equipment; 2000 - Terminal equipment; 2001 - Communication module; 2002 - Housing; 100 - Antenna system; 10 - Radome; 20 - Antenna connector; 30 - Antenna; 40 - Feed network; 4005 - Filter; 200 - Support frame; 300 - RF processing unit; 400 - Baseband processing unit; 500 - Connecting wire; 600 - Adjustment bracket; 700 - Grounding device; 1-Radiator; 11-First feed port; 12-Second feed port; 13-First transmission section; 131-First end; 132-Second end; 14-Second transmission section; 141-Third end; 142-Fourth end; 2-Reflector; 21-Socket; 3-First dielectric substrate; 31-First surface; 32-Second surface; 33-via; 41-First feeder; 42-Second feeder; 51-First grounding layer; 511-First gap; 512-Second gap; 52 - Second ground plane; 61 - First monopole; 62 - Second monopole; 71 - First connector; 711 - First probe; 72 - Second connector; 721 - Second probe. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The same reference numerals in the figures denote the same or similar structures, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted. The terms expressing position and direction described in the embodiments of this application are illustrative based on the accompanying drawings, but changes can be made as needed, and all such changes are included within the scope of protection of this application. The accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this application are only for illustrating relative positional relationships and do not represent actual scale.

[0041] It should be noted that specific details are set forth in the following description to facilitate understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0042] Radiator: A radiator, also known as a radiating element, antenna element, or vibrator, is the basic structural unit of an antenna array. It effectively radiates or receives antenna signals. Different radiators can have the same or different frequencies. In practical applications, radiators can be classified into single-polarized and dual-polarized types. The type of radiator can be appropriately selected based on actual requirements during configuration.

[0043] Floor: The floor, also known as a reflector, base plate, antenna panel, or reflective surface, serves several purposes. When a radiator receives an antenna signal, the floor reflects and focuses the signal onto the receiving point, achieving directional reception. When a radiator transmits an antenna signal, the floor enables directional transmission. The floor enhances the radiator's antenna signal reception and transmission capabilities and also blocks and shields interference from other signals originating from the back of the floor (the side of the floor facing away from the radiator), thereby increasing the antenna's gain.

[0044] In some embodiments of this application, the floor may be made of a conductive material. In some implementations, the conductive material may be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and alloys thereof, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate and tin-plated copper, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, a graphite-coated substrate, a copper-plated substrate, a brass-plated substrate, and an aluminum-plated substrate. Those skilled in the art will understand that the floor may also be made of other conductive materials.

[0045] Signal connection: Signal transmission can be performed between two conductors. In one embodiment, the signal connection may include, for example, a direct contact connection, an indirect connection through a conductive medium, or a coupling connection, as long as signal transmission between the two conductors can be achieved.

[0046] Coupled connection: Signal transmission between two conductors in a non-contact manner. In one embodiment, a coupled connection can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between the gaps between the two conductors.

[0047] To facilitate understanding of the antennas, antenna systems, communication equipment, and communication systems provided in this application, their application scenarios will be introduced first below.

[0048] The antenna provided in this application can be applied to various possible communication devices or communication systems. For example, the antenna can be applied to network devices or terminal devices, or can be used in conjunction with network devices or terminal devices. In addition, in this application, the antenna system includes, but is not limited to, any one or more of passive antennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems, and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems.

[0049] The network equipment in this application includes radio access network (RAN) equipment. RAN equipment may also be referred to as an access network node or access network entity. RAN equipment forms part of a communication system and can be located in a base station subsystem (BBS), a UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), or an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), used for cell coverage to enable communication between terminal devices and the wireless network. RAN equipment includes base stations or base station modules. Among them, the base station can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a node B (NB) in a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, an evolved Node B (eNB or eNodeB) or transmission reception point (TRP) in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, a next-generation Node B (gNodeB or gNB) in a 5th generation (5G) mobile communication system, a 6th generation (6G) mobile communication system, or a new radio (NR) system, an access network device in an open RAN (O-RAN or ORAN) system, a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN), or a wireless... Access nodes in a Wi-Fi system, next-generation base stations in future mobile communication systems, servers, vehicles, in-vehicle equipment, wearable devices, or base stations in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology (e.g., roadside units, RSUs, etc., which are not specifically limited in this application embodiment).The base station can be a macro base station, micro base station, pico base station, indoor station, relay node or donor node, etc., and the embodiments of this application do not impose any restrictions.

[0050] In this embodiment, the base station module can be a hardware module, a software module, or a combination of hardware and software. For example, the base station module can be a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), a radio unit (RU), a radio frequency unit, or the antenna system of a base station. The radio frequency unit can be, but is not limited to, a remote radio unit (RRU), a pico remote radio unit (pRRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), or a remote radio head (RRH). Exemplarily, the function of the RU can be physically implemented by the radio frequency unit. Optionally, the base station module can use the same or different names in different systems. For example, in an O-RAN system, CU can also be called O-CU, DU can also be called open (O)-DU, CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CUP-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU.

[0051] A base station or base station module can communicate with a terminal device, or it can communicate with a terminal device through a relay station. A terminal device can communicate with multiple base stations using different access technologies.

[0052] The terminal device in this application can be customer premises equipment (CPE). This CPE can, for example, convert mobile cellular signals, such as signals from LTE, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), 5G, or future mobile communication systems, into Wi-Fi signals or wireless local area network (WLAN) signals. For example, the CPE can convert WLAN signals into mobile cellular signals. WLAN signals include, but are not limited to, Wi-Fi signals, Bluetooth signals, or Zigbee signals. In some embodiments, the CPE can be a fixed wireless access (FAW) device, where FAW is a technology combining fixed-line and wireless communication to provide broadband access services to users. Alternatively, the terminal device in this application can also be a lampsite, which can be used, for example, to introduce base station signals indoors, solving the problem of indoor blind spot coverage. Alternatively, the terminal device in this application may be user equipment (UE), mobile phone, tablet computer, computer with wireless transceiver function, wearable device, vehicle, drone, helicopter, airplane, ship, robot, robotic arm, or smart home device, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the form of the terminal device.

[0053] Figure 1 An exemplary schematic diagram of an architecture of a communication system to which embodiments of this application are applicable is shown, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the communication system architecture may include a communication device 1000. In this embodiment, the communication device 1000 is used as a base station for example. Wireless communication can be achieved between the communication device 1000 and the terminal device 2000.

[0054] In some embodiments of this application, the mobile network can be divided into three parts: a base station subsystem, a network subsystem, and a system support component (such as security management). The core network is located within the network subsystem, and its main function is to route call requests or data requests from interface A to different networks. Therefore, the communication system can also include core network equipment, which can communicate with the communication equipment.

[0055] As described above, communication devices are equipped with antenna systems to transmit signals in space. In this embodiment, the possible configuration of the communication device is illustrated using the communication device as a base station as an example. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the communication equipment 1000 includes an antenna system 100 and a support frame 200, among other structures. The antenna system 100 includes an radome 10, which is used to fix the antenna system 100 to the support frame 200, such as a pole or tower, to facilitate signal reception or transmission. The radome 10 has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in terms of electrical performance and can withstand the effects of harsh external environments in terms of mechanical performance, thus protecting the antenna system 100 from external environmental influences.

[0056] The communication device 1000 may further include a radio frequency (RF) processing unit 300 and a baseband processing unit 400. The antenna system 100 is connected to the RF processing unit 300 via an antenna connector 20 located outside the radome 10, and the baseband processing unit 400 can be connected to the antenna system 100 via the RF processing unit 300. The RF processing unit 300 can be used to perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna system 100, converting it into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal or a baseband signal and sending it to the baseband processing unit 400. Alternatively, the RF processing unit 300 can be used to up-convert and amplify the IF signal emitted by the baseband processing unit 400, converting it into a wireless signal through the antenna system 100 and transmitting it. In some embodiments, the RF processing unit 300 may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU), and the baseband processing unit 400 may also be referred to as a baseband unit (BBU). In a specific embodiment, the RF processing unit 300 may include a transceiver board in the power supply module.

[0057] The support frame 200 is fixed to the ground at a certain height, and the antenna system 100 is fixed to the support frame 200, which meets the radiation distance requirements of the antenna system 100. Specifically, the antenna system 100 is detachably fixed to the support frame 200 via an adjustable bracket 600 to facilitate signal reception or transmission. The orientation of the antenna system 100 can be adjusted along a direction perpendicular to the height of the support frame 200 using the adjustable bracket 600.

[0058] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 2As shown, the radio frequency (RF) processing unit 300 can be integrated with the antenna system 100, and the baseband processing unit 400 is located at the far end of the antenna system 100. The RF processing unit 300 and the baseband processing unit 400 can be connected via a connecting wire 500. In this case, the RF processing unit 300 and the antenna system 100 can be collectively referred to as an active antenna unit (AAU). It should be noted that... Figure 2 This is just one example of the positional relationship between the radio frequency processing unit 300 and the antenna system 100. In other embodiments, the radio frequency processing unit 300 and the antenna system 100 may also be independent devices. For example, the radio frequency processing unit 300 may be located below the antenna system 100, or the radio frequency processing unit 300 and the baseband processing unit 400 may be located at the far end of the antenna system 100. In this embodiment, the antenna system 100 is a passive antenna.

[0059] like Figure 2 As shown, a grounding device 700 is provided between the baseband processing unit 400 and the connecting wire 500. The grounding device 700 generally includes a grounding electrode buried underground. A seal can be provided at the connection between the antenna system 100 and the connecting wire 500, and a seal can also be provided at the connection between the grounding device 700 and the connecting wire 500. Specifically, the seal can include at least one of insulating sealing tape and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) insulating tape. Of course, the seal can also have other structures and is not limited to the form of tape.

[0060] It should be noted that, in practical applications, the support frame 200, adjustment bracket 600, and other equipment can be provided by the site provider. The antenna system 100, radio frequency processing unit 300, and baseband processing unit 400 in the base station can be provided by the base station manufacturer. Specifically, the antenna system 100 can also be provided by the antenna manufacturer, i.e., a passive antenna, or the antenna module in an active antenna can be provided by the antenna manufacturer. The base station in this embodiment may also exclude the support frame 200.

[0061] Furthermore, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples of one possible configuration of the communication device. In this application, the actual shape, size, position, and structure of each component in the communication device are not subject to the above description. Figure 2 Due to limitations, for example, in some embodiments, the communication device may include more or fewer components to achieve other functions. For example, the communication device may also have more antennas to be able to transmit and receive more signals.

[0062] Furthermore, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3As shown, the main component in the antenna system used for signal transmission is antenna 30, which includes a radiator 1 and a reflector 2. The radiator 1 can be positioned as follows: Figure 2 The radome 10 shown has good electromagnetic wave penetration in terms of electrical performance, thus not affecting the normal transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves between the radiator 1 and the outside world. In terms of mechanical performance, the radome 10 has good stress resistance and oxidation resistance, thus being able to withstand the corrosion of harsh external environments.

[0063] The radiator 1 is typically placed on one side of the reflector 2. This not only greatly enhances the signal reception or transmission capability but also serves to block and shield interference signals from the back of the reflector 2. In this application, the back of the reflector 2 refers to the side of the reflector 2 opposite to the side on which the radiator 1 is placed.

[0064] In antenna system 100, radiator 1 can receive or transmit radio frequency signals via feed network 40. Feed network 40 is typically composed of controlled impedance transmission lines. Feed network 40 can feed radio signals to radiator 1 with a certain amplitude and phase, or transmit received radio signals to baseband processing unit 400 of base station with a certain amplitude and phase. In addition, feed network 40 can achieve different radiation beam directions through transmission component 4001, or connect to calibration network 4002 to obtain the calibration signal required by the system. Feed network 40 may include phase shifter 4003 to change the maximum direction of antenna signal radiation. Feed network 40 may also include combiner 4004 (which can be used to combine signals of different frequencies into one for transmission through antenna 30; or, in reverse, can be used to split the signals received by antenna 30 into multiple paths according to different frequencies for transmission to baseband processing unit 400 for processing), filter 4005 (for filtering out interference signals), and other modules to expand performance.

[0065] Figure 4A structural example diagram of a terminal device is shown. The terminal device 2000 includes an antenna system 100, a communication module 2001, and a housing 2002. The antenna system 100 and the communication module 2001 can be respectively disposed on the housing 2002 or disposed inside the housing 2002. The antenna system 100 can be connected to the communication module 2001. Thus, the communication module 2001 can send signals to the antenna system 100 to cause the antenna system 100 to radiate electromagnetic waves; or, the communication module 2001 can also receive signals from the antenna system 100 and process those signals. Exemplarily, the terminal device 2000 includes an antenna system 100 and another antenna system (not shown), where the antenna system 100 is used to transmit and receive mobile cellular signals, and the other antenna system is used to transmit and receive WLAN signals, etc. For example, the communication module 2001 receives mobile cellular signals from the antenna system 100, processes the signals, converts the signals into WLAN signals, and then transmits them through the other antenna system. For example, the communication module 2001 receives a WLAN signal from another antenna system, processes the signal, converts it into a mobile cellular signal, and then transmits it through the antenna system 100.

[0066] Figure 4 The structure of the terminal device 2000 in this application is merely an example. The actual shape, size, position, and construction of each component in the terminal device 2000 are not subject to change. Figure 4 The example is limited. Optionally, the terminal device 2000 may also include more or fewer components to achieve other functions. For example, the terminal device 2000 may also include components such as circuit boards and / or heat sinks, which are not limited in this application.

[0067] Currently, with the rapid development of radar detection, remote sensing imaging, and 5G / 6G wireless communication technologies, the demand for antenna systems with high data rates, low latency, wide field of view, high gain, and flexible beam control capabilities is increasing rapidly. Therefore, achieving large-angle scanning and wide beam coverage has become a key technical indicator. Because multi-mode antenna technology and wide-angle scanning phased arrays can quickly and accurately control beam direction within a spatial range, they can effectively extend communication distance, increase beam coverage, and improve system reliability, providing technical support for efficient communication and high-precision detection with wide-area coverage. Therefore, they have always been a research hotspot in wireless system design.

[0068] In traditional array designs, microstrip patch antennas, dipole antennas, and dielectric resonator antennas are the most commonly used array element types. Microstrip patch antennas are widely used due to their small size and ease of fabrication, but their half-power beamwidth (HPBW) is typically only 90°, thus limiting the array scanning angle. While dipole antennas and dielectric resonator antennas can provide multimode excitation and high radiation efficiency, they usually suffer from large size, high profile, or complex manufacturing. Furthermore, single-mode array elements are prone to gain degradation, zero-radiation direction, and scanning dead zones in wide-angle scanning or full-space coverage, making it difficult to meet the requirements of wide beamwidth, half-space coverage, and full polarization information.

[0069] To overcome the limitations of traditional array elements, researchers have proposed various improvement schemes. For example, high-impedance surface (HIS) or electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures can be used to suppress surface waves and expand the array element beamwidth. Alternatively, parasitic metal elements or multi-element combinations can be used to form complementary radiation sources to increase the coverage angle. Another approach is to achieve controllable switching of the array element radiation direction by exciting different resonant modes or using mode reconstruction techniques. While these schemes have made some progress in terms of scanning range or mode flexibility, they generally suffer from problems such as complex structures, high profiles, large volumes, high manufacturing difficulties, or limited bandwidth, making it difficult to meet the engineering requirements of low-cost, large-scale integrated applications.

[0070] Furthermore, traditional wide-beam or mode reconstruction methods often rely on PIN diodes, variable capacitors, or complex feed networks for beam control, increasing bias circuitry, losses, and system complexity, thus limiting the realization of large-scale arrays. Dielectric resonator antennas have also become a research hotspot due to their advantages of being able to excite multiple resonant modes, offering flexible feeding methods, and high radiation efficiency. Although radiation mode reconstruction can be achieved through excitation of different modes, they are bulky, poorly integrated, and typically still require active components or multi-layer parasitic structures to extend the beam, thereby increasing cost and system complexity.

[0071] In view of this, the antenna provided in this application, through the design of dual feed ports, enables the switching of antenna beams, reconstruction of radiation modes, and controllable adjustment of radiation null points by adjusting the phase difference between the two feed ports without introducing additional active components and bias networks. This effectively improves the antenna's beam coverage and thus enhances communication performance. To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of this application, the antenna provided in this application will be specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0072] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application. The antenna 30 includes a radiator 1 and a reflector 2, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the plane where the radiator 1 is located intersects the plane where the reflector 2 is located, and the radiator 1 is located on one side of the plane where the reflector 2 is located.

[0073] In this embodiment, the radiator 1 is arranged in a ring shape, meaning it is a ring-shaped radiator. However, this application does not limit its specific shape; it can be a regular shape such as a circular ring or a rectangular ring, or it can be any irregular ring shape. Furthermore, the width of the radiator 1 can be the same at all points, meaning it can be a uniform width structure, or at least a portion of the radiator 1 can have a different width than other portions. This application does not specifically limit this, as long as the signal transmission requirements are met.

[0074] You can continue to refer to Figure 5 The radiator 1 includes a first feed port 11 and a second feed port 12, which are spaced apart. It is understood that the antenna 30 design provided in this application employs a dual-feed port structure. By adjusting the phase difference between the two feed ports, beam switching, radiation mode reconstruction, and controllable adjustment of the radiation null point of the antenna 30 can be achieved without introducing additional active components and bias networks, thereby effectively improving the coverage capability of the antenna 30 across the entire space.

[0075] In some embodiments of this application, reference may be made to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a radiator provided in an embodiment of this application. The radiator 1 includes a first transmission section 13 and a second transmission section 14, wherein, as shown... Figure 6 As shown, the first end 131 of the first transmission section 13 is connected to the third end 141 of the second transmission section 14 at the first feed port 11, and the second end 132 of the first transmission section 13 is connected to the fourth end 142 of the second transmission section 14 at the second feed port 12. That is, the two ends of the first transmission section 13 and the two ends of the second transmission section 14 are connected at the first feed port 11 and the second feed port 12 respectively to form a ring-shaped radiator 1. In some embodiments, the first feed port 11 and the second feed port 12 can also be considered as dividing the radiator 1 into the first transmission section 13 and the second transmission section 14.

[0076] As described above, since the radiator 1 includes two feed ports and two transmission sections located between the two feed ports, the signal fed from the first feed port 11 can be transmitted to the second feed port 12 via two transmission paths. For example, the first transmission path is along the first end 131 of the first transmission section 13 to the second end 132 of the first transmission section 13 (e.g., Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown), the second transmission path is from the third end 141 of the second transmission section 14 to the fourth end 142 of the second transmission section 14 (as shown). Figure 5 and Figure 6 (As shown). Additionally, there are two transmission paths for the signal fed from the second feed port 12 to the first feed port 11. For example, one transmission path is along the fourth end of the second transmission section 14 to the third end of the second transmission section 14. Figure 5 and Figure 6 (not shown), while the path from the second end of the first transmission section 13 to the first end of the first transmission section 13 is another transmission path ( Figure 5 and Figure 6 (Not shown). Figure 5 and Figure 6 The diagram only shows two illustrative transmission paths for the signal fed from the first feed port 11 to the second feed port 12, while the transmission path for the signal fed from the second feed port 12 to the first feed port 11 is the opposite of the two transmission paths shown.

[0077] Since the radiator 1 is a ring radiator, it can be understood that by adjusting the lengths of the first transmission section 13 and the second transmission section 14, the lengths of the first transmission path and the second transmission path can be adjusted, that is, the electrical lengths of the first transmission section 13 and the second transmission section 14 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the isolation of the signals fed in from the two power supply ports.

[0078] For example, in one possible embodiment of this application, the lengths of the first transmission unit 13 and the second transmission unit 14 are different. For instance, the phase difference ΔΦ between the first transmission unit 13 and the second transmission unit 14 satisfies: 130° ≤ |ΔΦ| ≤ 230°, where ΔΦ can be, for example, 140°, 145°, 150°, 160°, 170°, 175°, 180°, 185°, 190°, 200°, or 210°, etc. It is worth mentioning that the example value of ΔΦ here is only an approximate value, and in practical applications, it may have a certain error range.

[0079] In this application, by ensuring that the phase difference ΔΦ between the first transmission unit 13 and the second transmission unit 14 meets the above-mentioned range, it is beneficial to further improve the isolation between the two feed ports. Thus, when adjusting the phase of the signals fed into the two feed ports, it is beneficial to improve the effectiveness of beam direction control of the antenna 30, so as to achieve beam deflection, which is beneficial to achieve beam scanning of the antenna 30 in the whole space, and can also avoid the deterioration of active standing waves.

[0080] In some embodiments of this application, the phase difference ΔΦ can satisfy: ΔΦ = (ΔL / λ) × 360°, where ΔL is the difference in physical length between the first transmission unit 13 and the second transmission unit 14, and λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna. It is worth noting that λ can be the dielectric wavelength or the vacuum wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna, and this application does not limit it.

[0081] It is understood that by adopting the solution provided in this application and designing the phase difference between the first transmission section 13 and the second transmission section 14, the isolation requirement between the first feed port 11 and the second feed port 12 can be met, thereby achieving decoupling between the two feed ports. Since it can effectively suppress the coupling between the two feed ports without introducing additional decoupling structures or active devices, it can significantly improve the radiation characteristic stability of the antenna 30 and the consistency of array operation under multi-port excitation conditions while effectively simplifying the antenna 30 structure.

[0082] This application does not limit the relative positions of the first feed port 11 and the second feed port 12 on the radiator 1. For example, in some embodiments of this application, the radiator 1 may be symmetrical with respect to the center line connecting the first feed port 11 and the second feed port 12. This is beneficial for improving the radiation pattern symmetry of the antenna 30, thereby improving the scanning continuity of the antenna 30 beam.

[0083] Figure 7 An exploded view of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application, which can be used exemplarily to illustrate... Figure 5 The exploded structure of antenna 30 shown. Figure 7 As shown, the antenna 30 may also include a first dielectric substrate 3, and the radiator 1 may be located on the first surface 31 of the first dielectric substrate 3.

[0084] This application does not limit the specific configuration of the first dielectric substrate 3. In some embodiments, the first dielectric substrate 3 may be, for example, a flame-retardant material (FR-4) dielectric board, a Rogers dielectric board, or a hybrid dielectric board of Rogers and FR-4, etc. Here, FR-4 is a designation for a flame-retardant material grade, and a Rogers dielectric board is a high-frequency board.

[0085] Furthermore, the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 3 can be selected according to actual design requirements. For example, in one possible embodiment, the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 3 can be 0.508 mm. In addition, the dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate 3 can be 2.2 or other values, and this application does not limit it.

[0086] In some embodiments of this application, the radiator 1 and the first dielectric substrate 3 of the antenna 30 can be designed based on a printed circuit board (PCB). For example, the first dielectric substrate 3 is a non-metallic layer in the PCB, while the radiator 1 can be obtained by etching a metal layer in the PCB, so as to simplify the structure and fabrication process of the antenna 30.

[0087] It is understood that in some embodiments of this application, the reflector 2 may also be designed based on a PCB, in which case the reflector 2 may be a metal layer of a PCB, which is beneficial to simplifying the structure of the antenna 30 and improving structural reliability.

[0088] In other embodiments of this application, the radiator 1 may also be a sheet metal structure, in which case the antenna 30 may not include the first dielectric substrate 3, thereby simplifying the structure of the antenna 30. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the reflector 2 may also be a sheet metal structure. That is to say, this application does not limit the specific arrangement of the radiator 1 and the reflector 2.

[0089] like Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the reflector 2, or the PCB used to set the reflector 2, may include a socket 21, and the first dielectric substrate 3 may be inserted into the socket 21 to realize the connection between the first dielectric substrate 3 and the reflector 2, thereby improving the structural reliability and structural compactness of the antenna 30.

[0090] You can continue to refer to Figure 7 In some embodiments of this application, the antenna 30 further includes a first feed line 41 and a second feed line 42, which are also located on the first surface 31 of the first dielectric substrate 3. Furthermore, the first feed line 41 is connected to the first feed port 11, and the second feed line 42 is connected to the second feed port 12. With this design, the two feed ports of the radiator 1 can receive feed signals through their respective feed lines, and the radiator 1, the first feed line 41, and the second feed line 42 are disposed on the same dielectric substrate, which helps to improve the integration of the antenna 30 and thus simplifies its structure. Moreover, the first dielectric substrate 3 can support the radiator 1, the first feed line 41, and the second feed line 42, thereby improving the structural reliability of the antenna 30.

[0091] It is worth mentioning that, in some embodiments of this application, the radiator 1, the first feed line 41, and the second feed line 42 can be integrally formed. For example, the radiator 1, the first feed line 41, and the second feed line 42 can be obtained by etching the same metal layer of the PCB. This simplifies the structure of the antenna 30 and reduces the fabrication difficulty of the antenna 30, thereby improving the feasibility of the solution.

[0092] In other embodiments of this application, at least one of the radiator 1, the first feed line 41, and the second feed line 42 is an independent structure. That is, the three structures may not be integrally formed or may not be completely integrally formed. For example, the radiator 1 may be an integral structure, and the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 may be electrically connected to the radiator 1, for example, by welding or by connecting through conductive foam or metal springs. This application does not specifically limit them, as long as it can be ensured that the radiator 1 can be connected to the corresponding power supply circuit through the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42.

[0093] It is understood that in this application, the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 can pass through the socket, and the ends of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 facing away from the radiator 1 are located on opposite sides of the reflector 2. This facilitates the connection of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 to the feed circuit located on the side of the reflector 2 facing away from the radiator 1 to receive the feed signal.

[0094] You can continue to refer to Figure 7 The antenna 30 may also include a first ground layer 51, which is also located on the first surface 31 of the first dielectric substrate 3, and the first ground layer 51 is electrically connected to the reflector 2 to achieve grounding of the first ground layer 51.

[0095] This application does not limit the specific electrical connection method between the first ground layer 51 and the reflector 2. For example, the electrical connection method can be a coupling connection, that is, the two can transmit signals through a gap. In other embodiments of this application, the two can also be directly in contact or indirectly connected through conductive connectors (such as conductive foam, metal springs, or solder).

[0096] like Figure 7 As shown, the first ground layer 51 also includes a first slot 511 and a second slot 512. The first feed line 41 is located in the first slot 511 and is separated from the first ground layer 51 by the first slot 511. Similarly, the second feed line 42 is located in the second slot 512 and is separated from the first ground layer 51 by the second slot 512. This simplifies the arrangement of the feed lines in the antenna 30 and improves the communication efficiency of the antenna 30.

[0097] In some embodiments of this application, the first ground layer 51 and the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 can be obtained by etching the same metal layer of the PCB to simplify the structure and manufacturing process of the antenna 30. Alternatively, in one possible embodiment, the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 can be considered as coplanar waveguide feeds (CWF) to form a high-efficiency signal transmission channel, thereby helping to reduce the loss of the antenna 30 and improve its efficiency.

[0098] It is understood that in other embodiments of this application, the first ground layer 51 may also adopt other possible configurations, such as the first ground layer 51 having a seamless structure, as long as the first feed line 41 is spaced apart from the first ground layer 51 and the second feed line 42 is spaced apart from the first ground layer 51, so as to meet the power supply requirements of the radiator 1.

[0099] It is worth mentioning that in some embodiments of this application, the first ground layer 51 may also be a sheet metal structure, in which case the antenna 30 may not include the first dielectric substrate 3, thereby simplifying the structure of the antenna 30.

[0100] Reference Figure 8 , Figure 8 An exploded view of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application. In this application, the antenna 30 may further include a first monopole 61, a second monopole 62, and a second ground layer 52. Additionally, see [reference needed]. Figure 9a , Figure 9a for Figure 5 The antenna shown in the A-direction view can also be understood as the structure of one side of the second surface 32 of the first dielectric substrate 3, wherein the second surface 32 of the first dielectric substrate 3 is disposed opposite to the first surface 31. The first monopole 61, the second monopole 62, and the second ground layer 52 are all located on the second surface 32 of the first dielectric substrate 3. The second ground layer 52 is closer to the reflector 2 than the first monopole 61 and the second monopole 62, and the second ground layer 52 is electrically connected to the reflector 2 to ground the second ground layer 52.

[0101] In this application, the first monopole 61 and the second monopole 62 are electrically connected to the second ground layer 52. The specific electrical connection method can be, but is not limited to, coupling connection or direct contact connection, or indirect connection through conductive foam, metal springs, or solder. Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the first monopole 61, the second monopole 62, and the second ground layer 52 can be a single integral structure, which can be exemplarily obtained by etching the same metal layer of a PCB, thereby simplifying the structure and manufacturing process of the antenna 30.

[0102] In other embodiments of this application, at least one of the first monopole 61, the second monopole 62, and the second grounding layer 52 is an independent structure. That is, the three structures may not be integrally formed or may not be completely integrally formed. For example, the second grounding layer 52 is an integral structure, and the first monopole 61 and the second monopole 62 can be electrically connected to the second grounding layer 52, for example, by welding or by connecting through conductive foam or metal springs.

[0103] In addition, in some embodiments of this application, the first monopole 61, the second monopole 62, and the second grounding layer 52 may also be sheet metal structures. In one possible embodiment, the first monopole 61, the second monopole 62, and the second grounding layer 52 of the sheet metal structure may be connected to the radiator 1 and the first grounding layer 51 of the sheet metal structure by means of an air gap, or by means of insulating structural components such as plastic supports.

[0104] This application does not limit the shape of the first monopole 61 and the second monopole 62, for example in Figure 9a In the illustrated embodiment, the width of the first monopole 61 gradually decreases along the direction from the first monopole 61 to the second ground layer 52. In other embodiments, the first monopole 61 may also have a uniform width or other possible shapes, which can be specifically set according to the matching adjustment requirements of the antenna 30. Similarly, the shape of the second monopole 62 can also be specifically set according to the matching adjustment requirements of the antenna 30, which will not be described in detail here.

[0105] As can be understood from the above description of the antenna 30 provided in this application, the radiator 1 and the two monopoles are located on opposite sides of the first dielectric substrate 3. (Refer to...) Figure 9b , Figure 9b for Figure 5 The image shows a B-direction view, or top view, of the antenna. Figure 9b As can be seen, in the antenna 30 provided in this application, the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 3 is relatively small, and the radiator 1 and the two monopoles can be formed by metal layers located on both sides of the first dielectric substrate 3, so the overall cross-section of the antenna 30 provided in this application is relatively small.

[0106] Reference Figure 10 , Figure 10 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application, which can be understood as... Figure 9a The structure of the antenna 30 shown is revealed after the first dielectric substrate 3 has been made transparent. See also... Figures 5 to 10 It can be understood that, along the direction from the first surface 31 to the second surface 32 of the first dielectric substrate 3, the projection of the radiator 1 onto the second surface 32 falls between the first monopole 61 and the second monopole 62. Since the first monopole 61 and the second monopole 62 are coupled to the radiator 1, they can serve as parasitic radiators of the radiator 1. This can facilitate the increase of the operating modes of the antenna 30, thereby expanding the bandwidth of the antenna 30 and increasing the beam scanning range.

[0107] You can continue to refer to Figure 10In some embodiments of this application, along the arrangement direction of the first monopole 61 and the second monopole 62, the width d1 of the gap between the first monopole 61 and the projection of the radiator 1 onto the second surface 32 satisfies: 0 < d1 ≤ (1 / 2) × λ. This is beneficial to improving the coupling effect between the first monopole 61 and the radiator 1, thereby enabling the first monopole 61 to have a significant impact on the beamwidth of the antenna 30, which is beneficial to increasing the beam scanning range.

[0108] In some embodiments of this application, along the arrangement direction of the first monopole 61 and the second monopole 62, the width d2 of the gap between the second monopole 62 and the projection of the radiator 1 onto the second surface 32 satisfies: 0 < d2 ≤ (1 / 2) × λ. This is beneficial to improving the coupling effect between the second monopole 62 and the radiator 1, thereby enabling the second monopole 62 to have a significant impact on the beamwidth of the antenna 30, which is beneficial to increasing the beam scanning range.

[0109] It is worth mentioning that, in this application, along the arrangement direction of the first monopole 61 and the second monopole 62, the width d1 of the interval between the projection of the first monopole 61 and the radiator 1 on the second surface 32 and the width d2 of the interval between the projection of the second monopole 62 and the radiator 1 on the second surface 32 can be equal or unequal, and this application does not limit them.

[0110] For example, in some embodiments of this application, the first monopole 61 and the second monopole 62 can be symmetrically arranged with respect to the projection of the radiator 1 onto the second surface 32 along the arrangement direction of the first monopole 61 and the second monopole 62. This is beneficial to improving the radiation pattern symmetry of the antenna 30, thereby improving the beam scanning continuity of the antenna 30 and thus increasing the beam scanning range of the antenna 30.

[0111] Refer to together Figure 8 and Figure 10 It is understood that in some embodiments of this application, the second ground layer 52 and the first ground layer 51 can be connected through a via 33, which penetrates the first dielectric substrate 3. In this application, the via 33 is a metallized via to form a stable grounding path between the second ground layer 52, the first ground layer 51 and the reflector 2, thereby ensuring a good grounding effect.

[0112] This application does not impose any restrictions on the shape, size, number, or location of the vias 33, as long as they can meet the connection stability requirements of the first grounding layer 51 and the second grounding layer 52, thereby improving the communication stability of the antenna 30.

[0113] You can continue to refer to Figure 10In this application, the antenna 30 may further include a first connector 71 and a second connector 72, located on the side of the reflector 2 facing away from the radiator 1. A first feed line 41 is connected to the first connector 71, and a second feed line 42 is connected to the second connector 72. Additionally, the first connector 71 is used to connect to a first feed circuit, and the second connector 72 is used to connect to a second feed circuit. Thus, the two feed ports of the antenna 30 can be connected to their respective feed circuits via corresponding feed lines and connectors. By adjusting the phase of the feed signals provided by the two feed circuits, the phase of the signal between the two feed ports of the radiator can be adjusted, thereby achieving beam pointing adjustment of the antenna 30.

[0114] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 10 As shown, the first feeder 41 can be connected to the first probe 711 of the first connector 71, and the second feeder 42 can be connected to the second probe 721 of the second connector 72. This improves the ease of connection between each feeder and its corresponding connector.

[0115] This application does not limit the specific arrangement of the first connector 71 and the second connector 72. In one possible embodiment, the first connector 71 may be, for example, an SMA (sub-miniature A) connector to meet the transmission requirements of signals such as high speed, wide field of view, and high gain. Similarly, the second connector 72 may also be an SMA connector. Furthermore, this application does not limit the specifications of the first connector 71 and the second connector 72; their resistance value may, for example, be 50Ω.

[0116] In other embodiments of this application, the antenna 30 may not have the first connector 71 and the second connector 72 provided, and the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 may be connected to the corresponding feed circuit (e.g., a phase shifter) via cables, adapters, or other means. That is to say, this application does not limit the specific connection method between each feed line and the corresponding feed circuit.

[0117] As described above, in the antenna 30 provided in this application, by arranging the radiator 1 in a ring and including two independent feed ports, the phase difference between the two feed ports can be adjusted to achieve beam switching, radiation mode reconstruction, and controllable adjustment of the radiation null point of the antenna 30 without the need to introduce additional active components such as PIN diodes, variable capacitors, and bias networks. This effectively improves the reliability of the antenna 30 and its coverage capability in the entire space.

[0118] Furthermore, it is understood that the antenna 30 provided in this application can excite multiple radiation modes under different phase excitation conditions, thereby meeting the growing demand for dynamic beam control. For example, refer to... Figures 11a to 11d , Figures 11a to 11d The radiation patterns of the antenna provided in this application embodiment are shown in four different reconfiguration modes. The two main modes formed by the radiation field of antenna 30 are distributed in two complementary subspaces. Each mode is directionally optimized for its corresponding spatial coverage area, enabling antenna 30 to achieve half-space coverage without complex control. It can be understood that, in an array configuration, antenna 30 can further achieve ultra-wide-angle scanning and improve the stability of radiation performance.

[0119] Also refer to Figure 12 , Figure 12 An S-parameter curve of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. From Figure 12 As can be seen, the antenna 30 provided in this application meets the impedance matching condition of -10dB within its operating frequency band, and its relative bandwidth is approximately 10%. Simultaneously, the isolation between the two feed ports is greater than 15dB throughout the entire operating frequency band, and can even exceed 20dB. This indicates that the antenna design provided in this application can effectively reduce the coupling between the two feed ports.

[0120] In addition, the antenna 30 provided in this application has a simple and compact structure with a low overall profile, and does not require a complex feed network or multi-layer parasitic structure. Its manufacturing process is mature and the cost is low, making it easy to integrate with existing radio frequency front-end circuits and array systems, thus possessing good engineering feasibility.

[0121] In summary, the antenna 30 provided in this application has advantages such as large bandwidth, multiple reconfiguration modes, low cost and high integration, so it is applicable to a wide range of wireless communication scenarios. For example, it can be used in radar detection, remote sensing imaging, fully polarized communication and large-scale phased array antenna systems such as 5G / 6G, and has good engineering promotion value.

[0122] As can be understood from the above description, by feeding signals of different phases into the antenna 30 provided in this application, the radiation pattern of a single antenna 30 can be deflected. Based on this, if combined with the array configuration of the array deflection, a wide-angle scanning of the antenna system can be achieved, for example, a wide-angle scanning of the antenna system's beam within a range of ±90° can be achieved.

[0123] To facilitate understanding of the performance of the antenna system using the antenna 30 provided in the above embodiments of this application, please refer to... Figure 13 , Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna system provided in an embodiment of this application. It can be used to illustrate the E-plane 1×8 linear phased array structure composed of antennas 30 provided in the above embodiments of this application. The diagram is provided to facilitate the illustration of the structure of each antenna 30 in the antenna system. Figure 13The first dielectric substrate 3 in the process undergoes transparent display processing. Figure 13 In the illustrated embodiment, the antenna system includes multiple antennas 30, with reflectors 2 integrally formed for each antenna 30, and radiators 1 of the multiple antennas 30 arranged coplanarly, for example, all disposed on the first surface 31 of the first dielectric substrate 3. Therefore, the antenna system has a relatively compact structure and high integration.

[0124] It is understood that, in one possible embodiment, Figure 13 The radiators 1 of the multiple antennas 30 in the antenna system shown can all be obtained by etching the metal layer on the first surface 31 of the first dielectric substrate 3, which helps to simplify the manufacturing process of the antenna system and reduce its cost.

[0125] Additionally, refer to Figure 14 , Figure 14 for Figure 13 The antenna system shown has main polarization gain curves under different scanning angle conditions. Figure 14 It can be seen that, thanks to the multimode radiation characteristics of the antenna 30 provided in this application, the linear phased array antenna system including multiple antennas 30 can achieve effective coverage of the upper half space in the E-plane direction, and the main polarization gain remains stable and the gain attenuation is small during the large-angle scanning process. This shows that the antenna system still has good radiation performance under wide-angle scanning conditions.

[0126] Figure 15 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna system provided in the embodiments of this application. It can be used to illustrate the H-plane 1×8 linear phased array structure composed of antennas 30 provided in the above embodiments of this application. The diagram is provided to facilitate the illustration of the structure of each antenna 30 in the antenna system. Figure 15 The first dielectric substrate 3 in the process undergoes transparent display processing. Figure 15 In the illustrated embodiment, the extending direction of the surface containing the radiators 1 of the multiple antennas 30 intersects the arrangement direction of the multiple antennas 30. For example, the extending direction of the surface containing the radiators 1 of the multiple antennas 30 is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the multiple antennas 30. However, the reflector 2 of the multiple antennas 30 of the antenna system can also be integrally formed to improve the structural compactness and integration of the antenna system.

[0127] Additionally, refer to Figure 16 , Figure 16 for Figure 15 The antenna system shown has main polarization gain curves under different scanning angle conditions. Figure 16It can be seen that the linear phased array antenna system can effectively cover the upper half space in the H-plane direction, and the main polarization gain remains relatively stable and the gain attenuation is small during the large-angle scanning process. This shows that the antenna system still has good radiation performance under wide-angle scanning conditions.

[0128] As can be seen from the above introduction, since the antenna 30 provided in this application has strong wide-angle scanning capability and small gain fluctuation, the one-dimensional linear phased array constructed based on the antenna 30 can achieve ultra-wide-angle coverage of the upper half space in both the E plane and the H plane, while maintaining small gain fluctuation in the large-angle scanning range, which can meet the requirements of wide field of view applications.

[0129] It is worth mentioning that the above embodiments are merely exemplary descriptions of the specific antenna configuration provided in this application. On this basis, unless otherwise specified or there is a logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

[0130] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, The antenna includes a radiator and a reflector, wherein: The plane containing the radiator intersects the plane containing the reflector, and the radiator is located on one side of the plane containing the reflector; The radiator is arranged in a ring shape, and the radiator includes a first feed port and a second feed port, which are spaced apart.

2. The antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The radiator includes a first transmission section and a second transmission section. A first end of the first transmission section and a third end of the second transmission section are connected at the first power supply port. A second end of the first transmission section and a fourth end of the second transmission section are connected at the second power supply port. The lengths of the first transmission section and the second transmission section are different.

3. The antenna as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The difference in length between the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit includes the following: the phase difference ΔΦ between the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit satisfies: 130°≤|ΔΦ|≤230°.

4. The antenna as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The phase difference ΔΦ between the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit satisfies: ΔΦ = 180°.

5. The antenna as described in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The phase difference ΔΦ satisfies: ΔΦ = (ΔL / λ) × 360°, where ΔL is the difference in physical length between the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit, and λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna.

6. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The radiator is symmetrical with respect to the center line of the line connecting the first feed port and the second feed port.

7. The antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The radiator is in the shape of a circular ring or a rectangular ring.

8. The antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a first dielectric substrate, a first feed line, and a second feed line, wherein the radiator, the first feed line, and the second feed line are located on a first surface of the first dielectric substrate; The first feeder is connected to the first power supply port, and the second feeder is connected to the second power supply port.

9. The antenna as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The radiator, the first feed line, and the second feed line are integrally formed.

10. The antenna as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The reflector includes a socket, into which the first dielectric substrate is inserted.

11. The antenna as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, The first feed line and the second feed line pass through the socket, and the ends of the first feed line and the second feed line away from the radiator are located on both sides of the reflector.

12. The antenna as described in any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a first ground layer, which is located on a first surface of the first dielectric substrate. The first ground layer is electrically connected to the reflector. The first feed line is spaced apart from the first ground layer, and the second feed line is spaced apart from the first ground layer.

13. The antenna as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, The first grounding layer includes a first gap and a second gap, the first feed line is located in the first gap, and the first feed line is spaced apart from the first grounding layer through the first gap; The second feed line is located in the second gap, and the second feed line is spaced from the first grounding layer through the second gap.

14. The antenna as claimed in claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a first monopole, a second monopole, and a second ground layer, wherein the first monopole, the second monopole, and the second ground layer are located on the second surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the second surface is disposed opposite to the first surface; The second grounding layer is close to the reflector relative to the first monopole and the second monopole, and is electrically connected to the reflector; the first monopole and the second monopole are electrically connected to the second grounding layer, and along the direction from the first surface to the second surface, the projection of the radiator on the second surface falls between the first monopole and the second monopole, and the first monopole and the second monopole are coupled to the radiator.

15. The antenna as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that, Along the arrangement direction of the first monopole and the second monopole, the width d1 of the interval between the projection of the first monopole and the radiator onto the second surface satisfies: 0 < d1 ≤ (1 / 2) × λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna.

16. The antenna as claimed in claim 14 or 15, characterized in that, Along the arrangement direction of the first monopole and the second monopole, the width d2 of the interval between the projection of the second monopole and the radiator onto the second surface satisfies: 0 < d2 ≤ (1 / 2) × λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna.

17. The antenna according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that, Along the arrangement direction of the first monopole and the second monopole, the first monopole and the second monopole are symmetrically arranged with respect to the projection of the radiator on the second surface.

18. The antenna according to any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that, The first monopole, the second monopole, and the second grounding layer are integrally formed.

19. The antenna according to any one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that, The second ground layer is connected to the first ground layer through a via, which penetrates the first dielectric substrate.

20. The antenna according to any one of claims 8 to 19, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a first connector and a second connector, the first connector and the second connector being located on the side of the reflector away from the radiator, the first connector being used to connect to a first feed circuit, and the second connector being used to connect to a second feed circuit; The first feeder is connected to the first connector, and the second feeder is connected to the second connector.

21. An antenna system, characterized in that, The antenna system includes one or more antennas as described in any one of claims 1 to 20.

22. The antenna system as claimed in claim 21, characterized in that, When the antenna system includes multiple antennas, the reflectors of the multiple antennas are integrally formed.

23. The antenna system as described in claim 21 or 22, characterized in that, When the antenna system includes multiple antennas, the radiators of the multiple antennas are arranged in a coplanar manner, or the extension direction of the plane containing the radiators of the multiple antennas intersects with the arrangement direction of the multiple antennas.

24. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes a radio frequency processing unit, a baseband processing unit, and an antenna system as described in any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein the baseband processing unit is connected to the antenna system through the radio frequency processing unit.

25. A communication system, characterized in that, It includes core network equipment and the communication equipment as described in claim 24, wherein the core network equipment is communicatively connected to the communication equipment.

26. A radiator, characterized in that, The radiator is arranged in a ring shape, and the radiator includes a first feed port and a second feed port, which are spaced apart.

27. The radiator as claimed in claim 26, characterized in that, The radiator includes a first transmission section and a second transmission section. A first end of the first transmission section and a third end of the second transmission section are connected at the first power supply port. A second end of the first transmission section and a fourth end of the second transmission section are connected at the second power supply port. The lengths of the first transmission section and the second transmission section are different.

28. The radiator as claimed in claim 27, characterized in that, The difference in length between the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit includes the following: the phase difference ΔΦ between the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit satisfies: 130°≤|ΔΦ|≤230°.

29. The radiator as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that, The phase difference ΔΦ between the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit satisfies: ΔΦ = 180°.

30. The radiator as claimed in claim 28 or 29, characterized in that, The phase difference ΔΦ satisfies: ΔΦ = (ΔL / λ) × 360°, where ΔL is the difference in physical length between the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit, and λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna.

31. The radiator according to any one of claims 26 to 30, characterized in that, The radiator is symmetrical with respect to the center line of the line connecting the first feed port and the second feed port.

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