Low lithium, low thermal expansion recycled glass

Abstract

A glass comprising: a Young's modulus of at least 70 GPa; a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 70 x 10 ‑7 / °C or less; and a Li2O content of 0.1 wt.% or less, wherein the glass is ion exchangeable. A glass comprising: a SiO2 content of 50-75 wt.%; an Al2O3 content of 14-22 wt.%; a B2O3 content of 7-10 wt.%; a Na2O content of 6-9 wt.%; a CaO content of 5-9 wt.%; and a Li2O content of less than 0.1 wt.%. A method of recycling glass, the method comprising heating a composition to form a melt, the composition comprising a cullet content of at least 50 wt.% and a raw material content of 50 wt.% or less.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 547,192, filed November 3, 2023, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure generally relates to glass made from recycled glass as a component, and more particularly to compositions and methods for manufacturing such glass. Background Technology

[0004] Glass waste encompasses not only post-consumer glass but also unused inventory and excess glass from the manufacturing process, representing untapped opportunities for innovative and beneficial uses. While standardized recycling of glass waste contributes to environmental sustainability, such recycling may result in downgraded products with lower economic value, or it may not be recycled at all, with the glass waste potentially ending up in landfills.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need in the art for compositions and glass that incorporate glass waste, as well as methods for recycling glass waste. This disclosure aims to achieve these and other important objectives. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In various respects, this disclosure relates to a glass comprising:

[0007] Young's modulus is at least 70 GPa;

[0008] The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is 70 × 10⁻⁶. -7 / ℃ or lower; and

[0009] The Li2O content is 0.1 wt.% or lower;

[0010] The glass described therein is ion-exchangeable.

[0011] In various respects, this disclosure relates to a glass comprising:

[0012] The content of SiO2 is 50-75 wt.%;

[0013] Al2O3 with a content of 14-22 wt.%;

[0014] B2O3 with a content of 7-10 wt.%;

[0015] The content of Na2O is 6-9.5 wt.%;

[0016] CaO with a content of 5-9 wt.%; and

[0017] The content of Li2O is 0.1 wt.% or less.

[0018] In various respects, this disclosure relates to a method for chemically strengthening a glass-based substrate, the method comprising:

[0019] The glass-based substrate is subjected to ion exchange in a molten salt bath to form a glass-based article;

[0020] The glass-based article mentioned above includes:

[0021] The maximum compressive stress (CS) is 300-600 MPa; and

[0022] The layer depth (DOL) is 5-30 µm;

[0023] The glass substrate mentioned herein includes the glass disclosed elsewhere herein.

[0024] In all respects, this disclosure relates to a glass-based article comprising:

[0025] The maximum compressive stress (CS) is 300-600 MPa;

[0026] Layer depth (DOL) is 5-30 µm; and

[0027] The composition located at the center of the glass-based article;

[0028] The composition located at the center of the glass-based article includes the glass disclosed elsewhere herein.

[0029] In all respects, this disclosure relates to a consumer electronic device comprising:

[0030] The housing has a front surface, a rear surface, and side surfaces;

[0031] Electronic components, at least partially disposed within the housing, including at least a controller, a memory, and a display, the display being disposed on or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and

[0032] The cover glass positioned above the display,

[0033] The portion of the housing or at least one of the cover glass comprises glass or glass-based articles disclosed elsewhere herein.

[0034] In various respects, this disclosure relates to a method for recycling glass, the method comprising:

[0035] Heating the composition to form a melt, the composition comprising:

[0036] Crushed glass comprising at least 50 wt.% of the material; and

[0037] Raw materials with a content of 50 wt.% or less;

[0038] The above contents are all based on the total weight of the composition;

[0039] Wherein, when the melt is formed and cooled to form a glass substrate, the glass substrate is the glass disclosed elsewhere herein.

[0040] In various respects, this disclosure relates to a composition comprising:

[0041] Crushed glass comprising at least 50 wt.% of the material; and

[0042] Raw materials with a content of 50 wt.% or less;

[0043] The above contents are all based on the total weight of the composition.

[0044] The shards of glass include:

[0045] SiO2 with a content of 50-75 wt.% (e.g., 59-66 wt.%);

[0046] Al2O3 with a content of 5-30 wt.% (e.g., 16-19 wt.%);

[0047] B2O3 with a content of 1-20 wt.% (e.g., 8-13 wt.%);

[0048] CaO with a content of 1-15 wt.% (5-10.5 wt.%); and

[0049] Li₂O content less than 0.1 wt.%;

[0050] The above contents are all calculated based on the total weight of the broken glass; and

[0051] The raw materials mentioned above include at least one of the following:

[0052] SiO2;

[0053] Na2CO3; and

[0054] Al2O3.

[0055] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will be set forth in the following detailed description, and some of these features and advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description or will be recognized by practice of the various aspects described herein (including the following detailed description, claims and drawings).

[0056] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and features of the disclosure and claims. Attached Figure Description

[0057] The following detailed description can be further understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Where possible, the same reference numerals will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. It should be understood that the drawings are not drawn to scale, and the dimensions of each depicted part or the relative dimensions of one part to another are not intended to be limiting.

[0058] Figure 1 A cross-section of a glass-based article having a region of compressive stress is schematically depicted according to the aspects described and disclosed herein.

[0059] Figure 2A This is a plan view of an exemplary electronic device incorporated into any glass-based article disclosed herein.

[0060] Figure 2B yes Figure 2A A perspective view of an exemplary electronic device. Detailed Implementation

[0061] In the following description, when a group is described as comprising at least one of a set of elements and combinations thereof, it should be understood that the group may include, substantially consist of, or be composed of any number of those listed elements, which may exist individually or in combination with each other. Similarly, when a group is described as consisting of at least one of a set of elements or combinations thereof, it should be understood that the group may consist of any number of those listed elements, which may exist individually or in combination with each other.

[0062] Where numerical ranges including upper and lower limits are listed herein, unless otherwise stated in specific circumstances, the ranges are intended to include their endpoints, as well as all integers and fractions within the range. Furthermore, when a quantity, concentration, or other value or parameter is given in the form of a range, one or more ranges, or a list of upper and lower limits, this should be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by any pair of any upper limit or value and any lower limit or value, whether or not these pairs are disclosed individually.

[0063] If the term “about” is used when describing the endpoints of a value or range, this disclosure should be understood to include the specific value or endpoint mentioned. As used herein, the term “about” means that a quantity, dimension, formulation, parameter, and other quantity and characteristic is not and does not need to be precise, but may be approximate and / or larger or smaller as required, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding, measurement errors, and other factors known to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the term “substantially” can be used herein to indicate the degree of inherent uncertainty that may exist in any quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or other representation. These terms are also used herein to indicate the extent to which a quantitative representation may differ from the stated reference without causing a fundamental change in the function of the subject matter under discussion. Therefore, for example, glass that is “substantially free” of any particular component (e.g., Al2O3, MgO, or any other component) means glass in which the component is not actively added or added in bulk to the glass, but is present as a contaminant in small amounts (e.g., less than 1000, 500, 400, 300, 200, or 100 ppm), or, if actively added or added in bulk, in an amount less than 1 wt.% of the total amount of glass (e.g., or may be specified as less than 0.5 wt.%, 0.1 wt.%, or 0.05 wt.%) (ppm is in moles or mass, and wt.% is in mass).

[0064] In this document, unless otherwise stated, glass composition (including composition containing cullet) is expressed as wt.% of the specific components contained herein, in terms of oxides. Any component having more than one oxidation state may be present in the glass composition in any oxidation state. However, unless otherwise stated, the concentration of such components is expressed as the oxide in which such component is in its lowest oxidation state.

[0065] As used herein, “crushed glass” refers to glass in a reduced-size form, such as broken, ground, exploded, or imploded glass fragments or particles. Crushed glass is generally used herein as a component in the manufacture of glass (e.g., glass containing crushed glass as a recycled component). In this regard, crushed glass is typically used in combination with one or more raw materials to manufacture glass. Crushed glass may comprise waste and / or surplus glass generated during the manufacture of glass products (e.g., displays, vials, tubes, tubing, pipettes, etc.), or it may comprise broken or otherwise unwanted final glass products (e.g., glass that cannot be sold due to excess inventory, and / or post-consumer glass). Crushed glass may be glass that would otherwise have been sent to a landfill, but can be reused by remelting it in combination with one or more raw materials to form another type of glass.

[0066] As used herein, "raw material" is the starting material used to produce glass when combined and melted in a suitable manner, as in a typical glassmaking process. Thus, "raw material" is distinct from and should be differentiated from glass (e.g., cullet). Raw materials may include, for example, silica, alumina, sodium carbonate, etc. In this document, raw materials are combined with cullet to form new glass (e.g., glass containing cullet as a recycled component).

[0067] As used herein, the term "ion-exchangeable" refers to a glass composition that allows for chemical strengthening through ion exchange. For example, a glass with a suitable structure containing lithium can undergo ion exchange in a molten salt bath containing sodium and / or potassium, thereby replacing a portion of the lithium with sodium and / or potassium. Similarly, a glass with a suitable structure containing sodium can undergo ion exchange in a molten salt bath containing potassium, thereby replacing a portion of the sodium with potassium. As is known in the art, replacing smaller alkali metal ions in a glass with larger alkali metal ions generates compressive stress in the glass, thereby strengthening it. A "suitable structure" in a glass refers to a structure that allows ion exchange, thereby generating compressive stress in the glass and achieving the corresponding strengthening.

[0068] The terms “glass,” “glass composition,” and “glass substrate” are generally used interchangeably herein. Similarly, the terms “glass article” and “glass substrate” are generally used interchangeably herein. However, in each case, their meaning may differ, as will become clear from the context. For example, the term “glass composition” may be used to refer to the composition of glass (e.g., cullet) or glass article (or its central portion), or the composition of glass (e.g., cullet) melted together with raw materials to form glass. Additionally, for example, the terms “glass article” and “glass substrate” are used interchangeably to refer to ion-exchanged glass, and “glass” or “glass substrate” may be used to refer to IOX-treated glass. Likewise, while these terms are interchangeable in some respects, they sometimes refer to different meanings, and these meanings will become clear from the context.

[0069] Unless otherwise stated, all quantities in this document are expressed as weight percentages (wt.%).

[0070] All glass viscosities described herein (e.g., at temperatures of 200 P, 35,000 P, 100,000 P, and 200,000 P, as well as liquidus temperature and liquidus viscosity) were measured by the rotating crucible method according to ASTM C965-96 (2017), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

[0071] In some aspects, glasses suitable for IT applications are disclosed. More specifically, in some aspects, aluminosilicate glasses that are lithium-free or substantially lithium-free are disclosed, which can be formed into cover glasses for various IT applications (e.g., for computer screens or laptop screens), and which can be strengthened by ion exchange. In some aspects, the glasses disclosed herein incorporate at least 50 wt.% recycled glass (e.g., at least 65 wt.% recycled glass) into the batch, wherein the remainder of the batch comprises raw materials (e.g., sodium carbonate, silica, alumina, etc.). Thus, the final glass made from these batches contains substantially the same amount of recycled glass.

[0072] In some applications, such as large display cover glass for computer monitors or laptops, flatness of the glass is required. Generally, glass with a higher Young's modulus will have higher stiffness during the forming process (e.g., fusion molding), resulting in less warping. This low-warping glass is desirable for large display cover glass. Therefore, in some applications, glass compositions have a high Young's modulus, such as at least 70 GPa, to minimize warping during the forming process.

[0073] In some respects, the glass disclosed herein has one or more of the following:

[0074] Ion exchange can be performed to produce chemically strengthened glass;

[0075] The maximum compressive stress (CS) is 300-600 MPa;

[0076] The layer depth (DOL) is at least 8 µm (e.g., at least 10 µm);

[0077] The specified CS and / or DOL values ​​are achieved within 5.5 hours (e.g., in a single-step IOX at a temperature of 430-450°C with at least 95 wt.% KNO3 (e.g., 100 wt.% KNO3)).

[0078] Lithium-free or virtually lithium-free (reducing costs and supply chain issues);

[0079] High strain point (e.g., at least 550°C, 100°C higher than the typical 450°C ion exchange (IOX) bath temperature) to reduce IOX stress loss due to stress relaxation;

[0080] High liquidus viscosity (e.g., at least 20 kP, such as 20-500 kP) is beneficial for glass melting and molding;

[0081] Low liquidus temperature (e.g., 1150°C or lower);

[0082] High Young's modulus (e.g., at least 70 GPa) to reduce warping during the melting and molding process;

[0083] Low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) (e.g., below 70 × 10⁻⁶) −7 / ℃) to reduce warping during the melting and molding process;

[0084] Low melting temperature (e.g., 1750°C or 200°P lower);

[0085] Any combination thereof.

[0086] In some respects, the glass disclosed herein has the following properties:

[0087] Low melting temperature (e.g., 1750°C or 200°P lower); and

[0088] High strain point (e.g., at least 550°C); and

[0089] Low liquidus temperature (e.g., 1150°C or lower); and

[0090] High liquidus viscosity (e.g., at least 20 kP, such as 20-500 kP); and

[0091] High Young's modulus (e.g., at least 70 GPa); and

[0092] Low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) (e.g., below 70 × 10⁻⁶) −7 / ℃); and

[0093] In a single-step IOX at a temperature of 430-450°C with 100 wt.% KNO3, a CS of 300-600 MPa and a DOL of at least 9 µm (e.g., at least 10 µm) are achieved within 5.5 hours.

[0094] In some respects, glass is disclosed, which includes at least one of the following:

[0095] Young's modulus is at least 70 GPa;

[0096] The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is 70 × 10⁻⁶. -7 / ℃ or lower; and

[0097] The Li2O content is 0.1 wt.% or lower;

[0098] The glass described therein is ion-exchangeable.

[0099] In some aspects, the glass was disclosed, including:

[0100] SiO2 with a content of 50-75 wt.% (e.g., 52-64 wt.%);

[0101] Al2O3 with a content of 14-22 wt.% (e.g., 14.5-22, 15-22 or 15-18 wt.%);

[0102] B2O3 with a content of 7-10 wt.% (e.g., 7-9 wt.%);

[0103] Na₂O with a content of 6-9 wt.% (e.g., 6.5-8 wt.%);

[0104] CaO with a content of 5-9 wt.% (e.g., 5-7 wt.%); and

[0105] The content of Li2O is less than 0.1 wt.% (e.g., the glass contains no or substantially no Li2O).

[0106] In some respects, the glass disclosed herein possesses a high elastic modulus (i.e., the ratio of force applied to a material or object to the resulting deformation). A high elastic modulus makes glass articles more rigid and prevents them from undergoing large deformations under possible external forces. The most common way to express the stiffness of a material is through Young's modulus E (i.e., the relationship between stress (force per unit area) and strain (proportional deformation) in articles made from this material). The higher the Young's modulus of a material, the smaller the deformation.

[0107] In some aspects, the Young's modulus of the glass disclosed herein is at least 70 GPa. In some aspects, the Young's modulus of the glass disclosed herein is 90 GPa or less. In some aspects, the Young's modulus (GPa) of the glass disclosed herein is 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88 or 90, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least", "higher than" or "lower than", and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or lower" or "or higher", thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, Young's modulus (GPa) can be at least 72, higher than 72, 84 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 70-90, 70-88, 70-86, 70-84, 70-82, 70-80, 70-78, 70-76, 70-74, 70-72, 72-90, 72-88, 72-86, 72-84, 72-82, 72-80, 72-78, 72-76, 72-74, 74-90, 74-88, 74-86, 74-84, 7 4-82, 74-80, 74-78, 74-76, 76-90, 76-88, 76-86, 76-84, 76-82, 76-80, 76-78, 78-90, 78-88, 78-86, 78-84, 78-82, 78-80, 80-90, 80-88, 80-86, 80-84, 80-82, 82-90, 82-88, 82-86, 82-84, 84-90, 84-88, 84-86, 86-90, 86-88 or 88-90.

[0108] In some respects, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of a glass article can determine the possible changes in the linear dimensions of the substrate due to temperature variations. In some respects, the CTE of the glass disclosed herein is 70 × 10⁻⁶. -7 / ℃ or lower. In some respects, the CTE of the glass disclosed herein is at least 50 × 10 -7 / ℃. In some respects, CTE (×10 -7 / ℃) is 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, or 70, where each of the aforementioned numbers may be preceded by "at least," "above," or "below," and each of the aforementioned numbers may be followed by "or lower" or "or higher," thus creating an open or closed range. For example, CTE (×10 -7( / ℃) can be higher than 62, at least 60, or 70 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 50-70, 50-68, 50-66, 50-64, 50-62, 50-60, 50-58, 50-56, 50-54, 50-52, 52-70, 52-68, 52-66, 52-64, 52-62, 52-60, 52-58, 52-56, 52-54, 54-70, 54-68, 54-66, 54-64, 54-62. 54-60, 54-58, 54-56, 56-70, 56-68, 56-66, 56-64, 56-62, 56-60, 56-58, 58-70, 58-68, 58-66, 58-64, 58-62, 58-60, 60-70, 60-68, 60-66, 60-64, 60-62, 62-70, 62-68, 62-66, 62-64, 64-70, 64-68, 64-66, 66-70, 66-68, or 68-70. The lower the CTE, the smaller the temperature-induced deformation. This paper measures CTE using a horizontal dilatometer (push-rod dilatometer) according to ASTM E228-11, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

[0109] In some aspects, the glasses disclosed herein have a low Li₂O content, are substantially free of Li₂O, or contain no Li₂O. For example, in some aspects, the Li₂O content (wt.%) of the glasses disclosed herein is less than any of the following amounts: 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.08, 0.06, 0.04, 0.02, or 0.01. In some aspects, the Li₂O content (wt.%) of the glasses disclosed herein is less than 0.5 wt.% or less than 0.1 wt.%. In some respects, the Li2O content (wt.%) of the glass disclosed herein is 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 or 1, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by “at least,” “higher than” or “lower than,” and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by “or lower” or “or higher,” thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the Li₂O content (wt.%) of the glass disclosed herein is less than 0.3, greater than 0.02, or at least 0.06, or any range formed by any of the foregoing figures, such as 0.01-1, 0.01-0.8, 0.01-0.6, 0.01-0.4, 0.01-0.2, 0.01-0.1, 0.01-0.05, 0.05-1, 0.05-0.8, 0.05-0.6, 0.05-0.4, 0.05-0.2, 0.05-0.1, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.8, 0.1-0.6, 0.1-0.4, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-1, 0.2-0.8, 0.2-0.6, 0.2-0.4, 0.4-1, 0.4-0.8, 0.4-0.6, 0.6-1, 0.6-0.8 or 0.8-1.

[0110] In some respects, the glass disclosed herein is ion-exchangeable.

[0111] In some respects, crystallization needs to be avoided when forming glass sheets, strips, or other articles from a melt after the batch (e.g., a combination of cullet and raw materials) has been melted. In some respects, one of the key numerical characteristics of the crystallization process for glass-forming materials is the liquidus temperature (TL), which specifies the lowest temperature at which the material is completely liquid and the highest temperature at which crystals can coexist with the melt in thermodynamic equilibrium. This paper measures this property using a gradient method conforming to ASTM C829-81, the Standard Practices for Measurement of Liquidus Temperature of Glass, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Therefore, glass forming processes are typically carried out at temperatures above the TL. On the other hand, the liquidus viscosity of the glass composition can be used to determine which forming processes are suitable for producing sheets of glass. Generally, the higher the liquidus viscosity, the more forming processes are compatible with a particular glass. Since glass viscosity decreases exponentially with temperature, it is necessary to keep the liquidus temperature as low as possible to maximize the viscosity at the liquidus. For float glass processing, the liquidus viscosity of the glass composition is typically at least 10 kP, and for fusion processes, it is typically at least 20 kP, for example, at least 100 kP or at least 500 kP. For other processes, such as hot pressing and twin-roll technology, the viscosity can be significantly reduced, but acceptable glass can still be produced. For example, for hot pressing, occasionally used in the optics industry, a liquidus viscosity of 10 to 20 poise may be sufficient.

[0112] In some aspects, the liquidus temperature of the glass disclosed herein is at least 900°C. In some aspects, the liquidus temperature of the glass disclosed herein is 1200°C or lower. In some aspects, the liquidus temperature (°C) of the glass disclosed herein is 900, 950, 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150 or 1200, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least", "higher than" or "lower than", and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or lower" or "or higher", thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the liquidus temperature (°C) can be at least 1000, below 1150, above 1100, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 900-1200, 900-1150, 900-1100, 900-1050, 900-1000, 900-950, 950-1200, 950-1150, 950-1100, 950-1050, 950-1000, 1000-1200, 1000-1150, 1000-1100, 1000-1050, 1050-1200, 1050-1150, 1050-1100, 1100-1200, 1100-1150, or 1150-1200.

[0113] In some aspects, the liquidus viscosity of the glass disclosed herein is at least 20 kilopoise (kP). In some aspects, the liquidus viscosity of the glass disclosed herein is 500 kP or less. In some aspects, the liquidus viscosity (kP) of the glass disclosed herein is 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, 260, 280, 300, 320, 340, 360, 380, 400, 420, 440, 460, 480 or 500, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least", "higher than" or "lower than", and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or lower" or "or higher", thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the liquidus temperature (kP) can be 220 or higher, at least 60, 320 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 20-500, 20-460, 20-400, 20-360, 20-300, 20-260, 20-200, 20-160, 20-100, 20-80, 80-500, 80-460, 80-400, 80-360, 80-300, 80-260, 80-200, 80-160, 80-100, 100-500, 100-460, 100-400, 100-360, 100-300, 100-26 ... 0, 100-200, 100-160, 160-500, 160-460, 160-400, 160-360, 160-300, 160-260, 160-200, 200-500, 200-460, 200-400, 200-360, 200-300, 200-260, 260-500, 260-460, 260-400, 260-360, 260-300, 300-500, 300-460, 300-400, 300-360, 360-500, 360-460, 360-400, 400-460 or 460-500.

[0114] In some aspects, the glass composition can be melted at a temperature corresponding to a viscosity of 200 poise (i.e., 200 P temperature). In some aspects, the relationship between the viscosity of the glass-forming melt and temperature may depend on the chemical composition of the molten glass. In some aspects, the 200 P temperature of the glass disclosed herein is 1750 °C or lower. In some aspects, the 200 P temperature of the glass disclosed herein is at least 1350 °C. In some aspects, the 200 P temperature (°C) of the glass disclosed herein is 1350, 1400, 1450, 1500, 1550, 1600, 1650, 1700, or 1750, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "above," or "below," and wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or lower" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, 200 P temperature (°C) may be at least 1450, 1600 or lower, below 1600, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 1350-1750, 1350-1700, 1350-1650, 1350-1600, 1350-1550, 1350-1500, 1350-1450, 1350-1400, 1400-1750, 1400-1700, 1400-1650, 1400-1600, 1400-1550, 1400-1500, 1400-1450, 1450- 1750, 1450-1700, 1450-1650, 1450-1600, 1450-1550, 1450-1500, 1500-1750, 1500-1700, 1500-1650, 1500-1600, 1500-1550, 1550-1750, 1550-1700, 1550-1650, 1550-1600, 1600-1750, 1600-1650, 1650-1750, 1650-1700 or 1700-1750.

[0115] In some aspects, the 35,000 P temperature of the glass disclosed herein is at least 1000°C. In some aspects, the 35,000 P temperature of the glass disclosed herein is 1250°C or lower. In some aspects, the 35,000 P temperature (°C) of the glass disclosed herein is 1000, 1025, 1050, 1075, 1100, 1125, 1150, 1175, 1200, 1225 or 1250, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least", "higher than" or "lower than", and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or lower" or "or higher", thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, a temperature (°C) of 35,000 P can be below 1175, at least 1000, or above 1125, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 1000-1250, 1000-1200, 1000-1150, 1000-1100, 1000-1050, 1025-1125, 1050-1250, 1050-1200, 1050-1150, 1050-1100, 1100-1250, 1100-1200, 1100-1150, 1125-1250, 1150-1250, 1150-1200, or 1200-1250.

[0116] In some aspects, the strain point of the glass disclosed herein is at least 500°C. In some aspects, the liquidus temperature of the glass disclosed herein is 700°C or lower. In some aspects, the strain point (°C) of the glass disclosed herein is 500, 525, 550, 575, 600, 625, 650, 675 or 700, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least", "above" or "below", and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or lower" or "or higher", thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the strain point (°C) may be 575 or higher, at least 550, 625 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 500-700, 500-675, 500-650, 500-625, 500-600, 500-575, 500-550, 500-525, 525-700, 525-675, 525-650, 525-625, 525-600, 525-575, 525-5 50, 550-700, 550-675, 550-650, 550-625, 550-600, 550-575, 575-700, 575-675, 575-650, 575-625, 575-600, 600-700, 600-675, 600-650, 600-625, 625-700, 625-675, 625-650, 650-700, 650-675 or 675-700.

[0117] In some aspects, when the glass disclosed herein has a thickness of 1 mm and undergoes single-step ion exchange in a 100 wt.% KNO3 molten salt bath at 430-450 °C, the glass achieves a maximum compressive stress (CS) of at least 300 MPa (e.g., 300-600 MPa) and a layer depth (DOL) of at least 8 µm within 6 hours (e.g., within 5.5 hours). In some aspects, the CS (MPa) achieved under such conditions is 300, 325, 350, 375, 400, 425, 450, 475, 500, 525, 550, 575, or 600, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "greater than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or greater," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the CS (MPa) achieved under such conditions may be at least 300, 525 or greater, 575 or less, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 300-600, 300-550, 300-500, 300-450, 300-400, 300-350, 350-600, 350-575, 350-550, 350-500, 350-450, 350-425, 350-400, 400-600, 400-550, 400-525, 400-500, 400-450, 450-600, 450-550, 450-500, 500-600, 500-550, or 550-600. In some respects, the DOL (µm) achieved under such conditions is 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 or 24, wherein each of the aforementioned numbers may be preceded by "at least", "greater than" or "less than", and each of the aforementioned numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or greater", thereby producing an open or closed range. For example, DOL (µm) can be at least 8, 10 or greater, less than 22, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 8-24, 8-22, 8-20, 8-18, 8-16, 8-14, 8-12, 8-10, 10-24, 10-22, 10-20, 10-18, 10-16, 10-14, 10-12, 12-24, 12-22, 12-20, 12-18, 12-16, 12-14, 14-24, 14-22, 14-20, 14-18, 14-16, 16-24, 16-22, 16-20, 16-18, 18-24, 18-22, 18-20, 20-24, 20-22, or 22-24.In some respects, such CS and DOL values ​​can be achieved within time periods (hours) of 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, or 6, where each of the aforementioned numbers may be preceded by "at least," "longer than," or "shorter than," and each of the aforementioned numbers may be followed by "or shorter time" or "or longer time," thus creating open or closed ranges (note that "within X hours" has the same meaning as "X hours or shorter time"). For example, time periods (hours) can be shorter than 5.5, 6 or shorter, 2.5 or longer, or any range formed by any of the aforementioned numbers, such as 2-6, 2-5.5, 2-5, 2-4.5, 2-4, 2-3.5, 2-3, 2-2.5, 2.5-6, 2.5-5.5, 2.5-5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4, 2.5-4, 2. 5-3.5, 2.5-3, 3-6, 3-5.5, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-6, 3.5-5.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-6, 4-5.5, 4-5, 4-4.5, 4.5-6, 4.5-5.5, 4.5-5, 5-6, 5-5.5 or 5.5-6.

[0118] In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises one or more of SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, CaO, Li2O, K2O, MgO, SrO, and SnO2. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, and CaO. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, and CaO, and said glass is substantially free of Li2O or contains less than 0.1 wt.% Li2O. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2O, and CaO, less than 0.1 wt.% Li2O (or substantially free of Li2O), and optionally one or more of K2O, MgO, SrO, and SnO2. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises aluminoborosilicate glass, such as alkali metal aluminoborosilicate glass (e.g., wherein the alkali metal is Li, Na, and / or K).

[0119] In some respects, the glass in this article includes:

[0120] SiO2 with a content of 50-75 wt.% (e.g., 52-64 wt.%);

[0121] Al2O3 with a content of 14-22 wt.% (e.g., 14.5-22, 15-22 or 15-18 wt.%);

[0122] B2O3 with a content of 7-10 wt.% (e.g., 7-9 wt.%);

[0123] Na₂O with a content of 6-9 wt.% (e.g., 6.5-8 wt.%);

[0124] CaO with a content of 5-9 wt.% (e.g., 5-7 wt.%); and

[0125] The content of Li2O is 0.1 wt.% or less (or the glass is substantially free of Li2O).

[0126] In some respects, the glass in this article further includes:

[0127] K₂O with a content of 0-2 wt.%;

[0128] MgO with a content of 0-3 wt.%;

[0129] SrO with a content of 0-2 wt.%; and

[0130] SnO2 with a content of 0-2 wt.%

[0131] In some respects, the glass described herein may contain silicon dioxide (SiO2). In some respects, silicon dioxide (SiO2) is the primary glass-forming component; it is the most abundant component in the material to be melted into glass and is therefore the main component of the resulting glass network. Unbound by theory, SiO2 enhances the chemical durability of the glass, particularly its resistance to decomposition in acids and water. If the SiO2 content is too low, the chemical durability and chemical resistance of the glass may decrease, and the glass may become more susceptible to corrosion. Therefore, in some respects, a higher SiO2 concentration is generally required. However, if the SiO2 content is too high, the formability of the glass may decrease because a higher concentration of SiO2 may increase the difficulty of melting the glass, which in turn adversely affects its formability. Therefore, SiO2 needs to be included in a balanced manner to achieve the desired properties.

[0132] In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises SiO2. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises SiO2 with a content of at least 50 wt.%. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises SiO2 with a content of 75 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises SiO2 with a content (wt.%) of 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, or 75, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the glass described herein may include SiO2 content (wt.%) of 56 or less, at least 64, 54 or more, or any range formed by any of the foregoing figures, such as 50-75, 50-74, 50-72, 50-70, 50-68, 50-66, 50-64, 50-62, 50-60, 50-58, 50-56, 50-54, 50-52, 52-75, 52-7 4, 52-72, 52-70, 52-68, 52-66, 52-64, 52-62, 52-60, 52-58, 52-56, 52-54, 54-75, 54-74, 54-72, 54-70, 54-68, 54-66, 54-64, 54-62, 54-60, 54-58, 54-56, 56-75, 56-74, 56-72, 56-70, 5 6-68, 56-66, 56-64, 56-62, 56-60, 56-58, 58-75, 58-74, 58-72, 58-70, 58-68, 58-66, 58-64, 58-62, 58-60, 60-75, 60-74, 60-72, 60-70, 60-68, 60-66, 60-64, 60-62, 62-75, 62-74, 62- 72, 62-70, 62-68, 62-66, 62-64, 64-75, 64-74, 64-72, 64-70, 64-68, 64-66, 66-75, 66-74, 66-72, 66-70, 66-68, 68-75, 68-74, 68-72, 68-70, 70-75, 70-74, 70-72, 72-75, 72-74, or 74-75. In some respects, the glass described herein contains no or substantially no SiO2.

[0133] In some respects, the glass in this paper comprises alumina (Al2O3). In some respects, Al2O3 combines with alkali metal oxides (e.g., Na2O) present in the glass composition, increasing the glass's sensitivity to ion exchange strengthening. More specifically, in some respects, increasing the Al2O3 content in the glass increases the rate of ion exchange in the glass and increases the compressive stress generated in the glass compression layer due to ion exchange. Furthermore, in some respects, Al2O3 can increase the annealing point and strain point of the glass, making it more heat-resistant. However, in some respects, adding Al2O3 to the glass composition increases the liquidus temperature due to the formation of various refractory species (e.g., spodumene, corundum, mullite, etc.). This may lead to a decrease in liquidus viscosity, thus potentially causing the glass composition to crystallize during production, such as during the fusion-drawing process. Unbound from theory, the total molar fraction ΣR of the modified cations... x O (R x O, where R can represent an alkali metal ion, in which case x=2, or an alkaline earth metal ion, in which case x=1) needs to be greater than 1 in some respects to facilitate obtaining a high liquidus viscosity.

[0134] In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises Al2O3. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises an Al2O3 content of at least 15 wt.%. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises an Al2O3 content of 25 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises Al2O3 with a content (wt.%) of 14, 14.5, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the glass described herein may include Al2O3 content (wt.%) of 17 or higher, less than 23, 25 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 14-25, 14-24, 14-23, 14-22, 14-21, 14-20, 14-19, 14-18, 14-17, 14-16, 14-15, 14-14.5, 14.5-25, 14.5-24, 14.5-23, 14.5-22, 14.5-21, 14.5-20, 14.5-19, 14.5-18, 14.5-7, 14.5-16, 14.5-15, 15-25, 15-24, 15-2 2. 15-20, 15-18, 15-16, 16-25, 16-24, 16-23, 16-22, 16-20, 16-18, 16-17, 17-25, 17-23, 17-21, 17-19, 17-18, 18-25, 18-24, 18-22, 18-20, 18-19, 19-25, 19-23, 19-22, 19-21, 19-20, 20-25, 20-24, 20-23, 20-22, 20-21, 21-25, 21-24, 21-23, 21-22, 22-25, 22-24, 22-23, 23-25, 23-24 or 24-25. In some respects, the glass in this paper contains no or is substantially free of Al2O3.

[0135] In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises boron oxide (B₂O₃). In some aspects, B₂O₃ is a flux that can be added to the glass composition to reduce the viscosity of the glass at a given temperature (e.g., a temperature corresponding to a viscosity of 200 poise or 200 P, at which the glass melts), thereby improving the quality and formability of the glass. In some aspects, the presence of B₂O₃ may also improve the damage resistance of the glass made from the glass composition.

[0136] In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises B2O3. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises a B2O3 content of at least 5 wt.%. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises a B2O3 content of 15 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises B2O3 in a content (wt.%) of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the glass described herein may include a B₂O₃ content (wt.%) of at least 7, less than 11, 10, or less, or any range formed by any of the foregoing figures, such as 5-15, 5-14, 5-13, 5-12, 5-11, 5-10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-15, 6-14, 6-13, 6-12, 6-11, 6-10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7-15, 7-14, 7-13, 7-12, 7 -11, 7-10, 7-9, 7-8, 8-15, 8-14, 8-13, 8-12, 8-11, 8-10, 8-9, 9-15, 9-14, 9-13, 9-12, 9-11, 9-10, 10-15, 10-14, 10-13, 10-12, 10-11, 11-15, 11-14, 11-13, 11-12, 12-15, 12-14, 12-13, 13-15, 13-14, or 14-15. In some respects, the glass described herein contains no or substantially no B2O3.

[0137] In some aspects, the glass of this invention includes Li₂O. In some aspects, the glass of this invention has a low Li₂O content. In some aspects, a low Li₂O content is required to reduce costs due to the high cost of lithium. In some aspects, the glass of this invention does not contain Li₂O. In some aspects, the glass of this invention is substantially free of Li₂O. In some aspects, the glass of this invention includes Li₂O with a content (wt.%) of 0, >0, or at least 0.01. In some aspects, the glass of this invention includes Li₂O with a content (wt.%) of 1 or less. In some aspects, the glass of this invention includes Li₂O with a content (wt.%) of 0, >0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.6, 0.8, or 1, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "above," or "below," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or lower" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the glass described herein may include Li₂O with a content (wt.%) of 0.1 or less, 0.01 or more, less than 0.4, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 0-1, 0-0.8, 0-0.6, 0-0.4, 0-0.2, 0-0.1, 0-0.05, 0-0.01, >0-1, >0-0.8, >0-0.6, >0-0.4, >0-0.2, >0-0.1, >0-0.05, >0-0.01, 0.01-1, 0.01-0.8, 0.01-0.6, 0 .01-0.4, 0.01-0.2, 0.01-0.1, 0.01-0.05, 0.05-1, 0.05-0.8, 0.05-0.6, 0.05-0.4, 0.05-0.2, 0.05-0.1, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.8, 0.1-0.6, 0.1-0.4, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-1, 0.2-0.8, 0.2-0.6, 0.2-0.4, 0.4-1, 0.4-0.8, 0.4-0.6, 0.6-1, 0.6-0.8 or 0.8-1.

[0138] In some respects, the glasses disclosed herein may contain alkali metals other than Li₂O, such as Na₂O, K₂O, Rb₂O, Cs₂O, or any combination thereof. In some respects, these alkali metals can lower the liquidus temperature and increase the liquidus viscosity, thereby preventing crystallization in the melt at high temperatures. However, in some respects, these components may produce undesirable effects, such as increased density and CTE. Therefore, in some respects, the glasses herein contain no, substantially no, or contain relatively low amounts of one or more of these alkali metals. Na₂O and K₂O are discussed in more detail elsewhere herein, but for Rb₂O and Cs₂O, the glasses herein may contain no or substantially no such components, or the glasses herein may include Rb₂O or Cs₂O in amounts (wt.%) of 0, >0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by “at least,” “above,” or “below,” and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by “or lower” or “or higher,” thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the glass described herein may include Rb₂O or Cs₂O in a content (wt.%) of 2 or less, less than 1.5, at least 0.5, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 0-2, 0-1.5, 0-1, 0-0.5, >0-2, >0-1.5, >0-1, >0-0.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-2, 1-1.5, or 1.5-2. For clarity, any of the foregoing contents applies separately to each of Rb₂O and Cs₂O; for example, the glass described herein may include 1 wt.% Rb₂O and 2 wt.% Cs₂O.

[0139] In some respects, the glass in this article includes sodium oxide (Na₂O). In some respects, the Na₂O content in the glass is related to the ion exchange capacity of the glass. Specifically, in some respects, the presence of Na₂O in the glass can be increased by adding Na... +The diffusion rate of ions within the glass matrix enhances the ion exchange rate during ion exchange strengthening of the glass. In some aspects, the content of Na₂O contributes to achieving the desired DOL and CS, for example, a content of at least 5 wt.% or at least 6 wt.%. Furthermore, in some aspects, Na₂O can inhibit the crystallization of alumina-containing species (e.g., spodumene, mullite, and / or corundum), thus lowering the liquidus temperature and increasing the liquidus viscosity. However, in some aspects, increasing the Na₂O content in the glass may increase the CTE. Moreover, in some aspects, Na₂O may increase the CTE and may negatively impact the mechanical properties of the glass because it can reduce the elastic modulus and fracture toughness, and / or lower the annealing point and strain point. Therefore, in some aspects, it may be necessary to limit or otherwise balance the Na₂O content present in the glasses disclosed herein.

[0140] In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises a Na₂O content of at least 5 wt.%. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises a Na₂O content of 11 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises Na₂O with a content (wt.%) of 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10, 10.5, or 11, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the glass described herein may include a Na₂O content (wt.%) of at least 6, 7.5 or higher, 9.5 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing figures, such as 5-11, 5-10, 5-9.5, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6.5, 5-6, 6-11, 6-10.5, 6-10, 6-9.5, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 6.5-11, 6.5-10.5, 6.5-1 0, 6.5-9.5, 6.5-9, 6.5-8.5, 6.5-8, 6.5-7.5, 6.5-7, 7-11, 7-10.5, 7-10, 7-9.5, 7-9, 7-8, 8-11, 8-10.5, 8-10, 8-9.5, 8-9, 8-8.5, 9-11, 9-10.5, 9-10, 9-9.5, 9.5-11, 9.5-10.5, 9.5-10, or 10-11. In some respects, the glass in this article is free of or substantially free of Na₂O.

[0141] In some respects, the glasses described herein may contain potassium oxide (K₂O). In some respects, the presence and / or content of K₂O in the glass composition is also related to the ion exchangeability of the glass. Specifically, in some respects, as the content of K₂O present in the glass increases, the compressive stress in the glass, obtainable through ion exchange, decreases due to the exchange of potassium and sodium ions. Furthermore, in some respects, like sodium oxide, potassium oxide can lower the liquidus temperature and increase the liquidus viscosity, but may simultaneously decrease the elastic modulus and fracture toughness, and may increase the CTE. Therefore, in some respects, it is necessary to limit or otherwise balance the content of K₂O present in the glasses disclosed herein.

[0142] In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises a K₂O content of 0 wt.% or >0 wt.%. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises a K₂O content of 2 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises a K₂O content (wt.%) of 0, >0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "above," or "below," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or lower" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the glass described herein may include a K2O content (wt.%) greater than 0, less than 1.5, 1 or less, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 0-2, 0-1.5, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-2, >0-1.5, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-2, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-2, 1-1.5 or 1.5-2.

[0143] In some respects, the glass described herein comprises calcium oxide (CaO). In some respects, CaO is a flux that can be added to the glass composition to reduce the viscosity of the glass at a given temperature (e.g., a temperature corresponding to a viscosity of 200 poise or 200 P, at which the glass melts), thereby improving the quality and formability of the glass. In some respects, CaO can reduce the CTE of the glass compared to Na₂O. However, excessive CaO in the glass composition may reduce the ion exchange rate in the resulting glass and lead to phase separation in glasses containing high levels of B₂O₃. Therefore, in some respects, the content of calcium oxide is preferably limited or at least kept in balance to achieve the desired performance / effect and avoid undesirable performance / effect.

[0144] In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises a CaO content of at least 2 wt.%. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises a CaO content of 12 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises a CaO content (wt.%) of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the glass described herein may include a CaO content (wt.%) of at least 5, 7 or higher, 9 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing figures, such as 2-12, 2-11, 2-10, 2-9, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-12, 3-11, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-12, 4-11, 4-1 0, 4-9, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5-12, 5-11, 5-10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-12, 6-11, 6-10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7-12, 7-11, 7-10, 7-9, 7-8, 8-12, 8-11, 8-10, 8-9, 9-12, 9-11, 9-10, 10-12, 10-11, or 11-12. In some respects, the glass described herein contains no or substantially no CaO.

[0145] In some respects, the glass described herein comprises magnesium oxide (MgO). In some respects, it has been empirically found that magnesium oxide increases the elastic modulus to a greater extent than other divalent metal oxides (except BeO) without adversely increasing density. However, in some respects, the addition of high concentrations of MgO can raise the liquidus temperature and cause refractory minerals (e.g., spinel (MgAl₂O₄), forsterite (Mg₂SiO₄), and / or other minerals) to precipitate from the glass-forming melt at high temperatures. Furthermore, in some respects, high concentrations of MgO can slow down ion exchange. Therefore, in some respects, it may be necessary to limit the content of magnesium oxide and / or otherwise balance its effects with other components.

[0146] In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises MgO with a content of 0 wt.% or >0 wt.%. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises MgO with a content of 5 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises MgO with a content (wt.%) of 0, >0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, or 5, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the glass described herein may include MgO with a content (wt.%) of at least 0.1, 1 or higher, 3 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 0-5, 0-4.5, 0-4, 0-3.5, 0-3, 0-2.5, 0-2, 0-1.5, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-5, >0-4.5, >0-4, >0-3.5, >0-3, >0-2.5, >0-2, >0-1.5, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-5, 0.1-4.5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3.5, 0.1-3, 0.1-2.5, 0.1-2, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-5, 0 0.5-4.5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3.5, 0.5-3, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 1-4.5, 1-4, 1-3.5, 1-3, 1-2.5, 1-2, 1-1.5, 1.5-5, 1.5-4.5, 1.5-4, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-3, 1. 5-2.5, 1.5-2, 2-5, 2-4.5, 2-4, 2-3.5, 2-3, 2-2.5, 2.5-5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4, 2.5-3.5, 2.5-3, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-5, 4-4.5 or 4.5-5.

[0147] In some respects, the glass described herein includes tin oxide (SnO2). In some respects, tin oxide can be added to the glass composition as a clarifying agent (e.g., at low concentrations). However, in some respects, it has been empirically found that cassiterite precipitation can occur, sometimes when the Al2O3 content is higher than or equal to the total content of the modifier. In some respects, the presence of small amounts of SnO2 (sometimes below 0.25 mol.%, or even below 0.1 mol.%) may cause cassiterite (SnO2) to precipitate from the melt at high temperatures. Therefore, in some respects, the tin oxide content is limited, or the glass composition may be substantially SnO2-free, or at least the tin oxide content may be balanced with the other components to achieve the desired performance / effect.

[0148] In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises SnO2 with a content of 0 wt.% or >0 wt.%. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises SnO2 with a content of 5 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises SnO2 with a content (wt.%) of 0, >0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, or 5, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the glass described herein may include SnO2 with a content (wt.%) of 0.1 or higher, less than 1, 2 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 0-5, 0-4.5, 0-4, 0-3.5, 0-3, 0-2.5, 0-2, 0-1.5, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-5, >0-4.5, >0-4, >0-3.5, >0-3, >0-2.5, >0-2, >0-1.5, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-5, 0.1-4.5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3.5, 0.1-3, 0.1-2.5, 0.1-2, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-5, 0 0.5-4.5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3.5, 0.5-3, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 1-4.5, 1-4, 1-3.5, 1-3, 1-2.5, 1-2, 1-1.5, 1.5-5, 1.5-4.5, 1.5-4, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-3, 1. 5-2.5, 1.5-2, 2-5, 2-4.5, 2-4, 2-3.5, 2-3, 2-2.5, 2.5-5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4, 2.5-3.5, 2.5-3, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-5, 4-4.5 or 4.5-5.

[0149] In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises SrO with a content of 0 wt.% or >0 wt.%. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises SrO with a content of 5 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises SrO with a content (wt.%) of 0, >0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, or 5, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the glass described herein may include SrO with a content (wt.%) of 0.1 or higher, less than 1, 2 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 0-5, 0-4.5, 0-4, 0-3.5, 0-3, 0-2.5, 0-2, 0-1.5, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-5, >0-4.5, >0-4, >0-3.5, >0-3, >0-2.5, >0-2, >0-1.5, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-5, 0.1-4.5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3.5, 0.1-3, 0.1-2.5, 0.1-2, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-5, 0. 5-4.5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3.5, 0.5-3, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 1-4.5, 1-4, 1-3.5, 1-3, 1-2.5, 1-2, 1-1.5, 1.5-5, 1.5-4.5, 1.5-4, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-3, 1.5 -2.5, 1.5-2, 2-5, 2-4.5, 2-4, 2-3.5, 2-3, 2-2.5, 2.5-5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4, 2.5-3.5, 2.5-3, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-5, 4-4.5 or 4.5-5.

[0150] In some aspects, the glasses described herein include barium oxide (BaO). Barium oxide (and in some aspects, strontium oxide) can be added to the glass compositions of this disclosure to reduce high-temperature viscosity and improve solubility. However, in some aspects, the addition of BaO, even at low concentrations (e.g., 1 mol.% or even lower), can significantly reduce the elastic modulus and fracture toughness of the glass. In some aspects, BaO increases the CTE and density of the glass. Furthermore, in some aspects, it has been empirically found that the addition of BaO may sometimes increase the liquidus temperature. Therefore, in some aspects, it may be necessary to limit the barium oxide content, or the glass composition may be substantially free of BaO.

[0151] In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises BaO with a content of 0 wt.% or >0 wt.%. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises BaO with a content of 5 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises BaO with a content (wt.%) of 0, >0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, or 5, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the glass described herein may include BaO with a content (wt.%) of 0.1 or higher, less than 1, 2 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 0-5, 0-4.5, 0-4, 0-3.5, 0-3, 0-2.5, 0-2, 0-1.5, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-5, >0-4.5, >0-4, >0-3.5, >0-3, >0-2.5, >0-2, >0-1.5, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-5, 0.1-4.5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3.5, 0.1-3, 0.1-2.5, 0.1-2, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-5, 0. 5-4.5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3.5, 0.5-3, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 1-4.5, 1-4, 1-3.5, 1-3, 1-2.5, 1-2, 1-1.5, 1.5-5, 1.5-4.5, 1.5-4, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-3, 1.5 -2.5, 1.5-2, 2-5, 2-4.5, 2-4, 2-3.5, 2-3, 2-2.5, 2.5-5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4, 2.5-3.5, 2.5-3, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-5, 4-4.5 or 4.5-5.

[0152] In some respects, the glass described herein comprises zinc oxide (ZnO). In some respects, the glass described herein may contain a small amount of ZnO. In some respects, ZnO can partially compensate for any excess Al₂O₃, thereby inhibiting mullite crystallization at least to some extent, and thus lowering the liquidus temperature and increasing the liquidus viscosity. In some respects, when Al₂O₃ is in excess, ZnO, alone or together with magnesium oxide, can form spinel, which can crystallize at high temperatures; therefore, in this case, ZnO can increase the liquidus temperature and lower the liquidus viscosity. Therefore, in some respects, it may be necessary to limit the ZnO content. In some respects, a small amount of ZnO (less than 2 mol%) may be added to the glass described herein to prevent photo-darkening due to UV light exposure, which is sometimes used in glass cleaning processes.

[0153] In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises ZnO with a content of 0 wt.% or >0 wt.%. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises ZnO with a content of 5 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises ZnO with a content (wt.%) of 0, >0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, or 5, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the glass described herein may include ZnO with a content (wt.%) of 0.1 or higher, less than 1, 2 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 0-5, 0-4.5, 0-4, 0-3.5, 0-3, 0-2.5, 0-2, 0-1.5, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-5, >0-4.5, >0-4, >0-3.5, >0-3, >0-2.5, >0-2, >0-1.5, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-5, 0.1-4.5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3.5, 0.1-3, 0.1-2.5, 0.1-2, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-5, 0. 5-4.5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3.5, 0.5-3, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 1-4.5, 1-4, 1-3.5, 1-3, 1-2.5, 1-2, 1-1.5, 1.5-5, 1.5-4.5, 1.5-4, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-3, 1.5 -2.5, 1.5-2, 2-5, 2-4.5, 2-4, 2-3.5, 2-3, 2-2.5, 2.5-5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4, 2.5-3.5, 2.5-3, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-5, 4-4.5 or 4.5-5.

[0154] In some aspects, the glass described herein may include rare earth metal oxides (REO). In some aspects, the glass described herein may include a limited amount of rare earth metal oxides. In some aspects, rare earth metal oxides may be added to the glass composition to provide a variety of physical and chemical properties to the resulting glass. As used herein, rare earth metal oxides refer to oxides of metals listed in the lanthanides of the IUPAC periodic table plus yttrium and scandium. In some aspects, the presence of rare earth metal oxides in the glass composition may increase the modulus, stiffness, or modulus and stiffness of the resulting glass. In some aspects, rare earth metal oxides may increase the liquidus viscosity of the glass composition. In some aspects, certain rare earth metal oxides may add color to the glass. In some aspects, if color is not required or desired, the glass composition may contain lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃), yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃), gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃), ytterbium oxide (Yb₂O₃), lutetium oxide (Lu₂O₃), or any combination thereof. In some applications, if colored glass is required, the glass described herein may contain rare earth metal oxides, such as Ce₂O₃, Pr₂O₃, Nd₂O₃, Sm₂O₃, Eu₂O₃, Tb₂O₃, Dy₂O₃, Ho₂O₃, Er₂O₃, Tm₂O₃, or any combination thereof. In other applications, certain rare earth metal oxides (e.g., Ce₂O₃ and Gd₂O₃) absorb UV radiation; therefore, these rare earth metal oxides can be used in cover glass to protect OLED displays from harmful UV radiation.

[0155] In some applications, adding low concentrations of rare earth metal oxides to glass compositions can provide higher elastic modulus, higher fracture toughness, and / or higher low-temperature viscosity, while in others, it can simultaneously reduce the high-temperature viscosity of the glass-forming melt, which can save energy during melting. However, in some applications, high concentrations of rare earth metal oxides... m O n At this point, the liquidus viscosity of the glass may decrease. Furthermore, rare earth metal oxides are relatively expensive in some respects, and they may slow down the ion exchange process. Therefore, in some respects, it may be necessary to limit the content of rare earth metal oxides, or the glass described herein may be substantially free of rare earth oxides. m O n The content of REO can be balanced with other components to provide glass with the desired properties.

[0156] In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises REO with a content of 0 wt.% or >0 wt.%. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises REO with a content of 5 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises any REO with a content (wt.%) of 0, >0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, or 5, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "above," or "below," and wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or lower" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the glass described herein may include any REO with a content (wt.%) of 0.1 or higher, less than 1, 2 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 0-5, 0-4.5, 0-4, 0-3.5, 0-3, 0-2.5, 0-2, 0-1.5, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-5, >0-4.5, >0-4, >0-3.5, >0-3, >0-2.5, >0-2, >0-1.5, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-5, 0.1-4.5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3.5, 0.1-3, 0.1-2.5, 0.1-2, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-5, 0.5-4.5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3.5, 0.5-3, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 1-4.5, 1-4, 1-3.5, 1-3, 1-2.5, 1-2, 1-1.5, 1.5-5, 1.5-4.5, 1.5-4, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-3, 1. 5-2.5, 1.5-2, 2-5, 2-4.5, 2-4, 2-3.5, 2-3, 2-2.5, 2.5-5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4, 2.5-3.5, 2.5-3, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-5, 4-4.5, or 4.5-5. For clarity, any REO can be contained in the glass in the amounts described above, and any combination of REOs can be used, wherein each REO is present in any of the amounts described above. Thus, for example, La2O3 can be used in the glass in amounts of 0.5-3.5 wt.%, and Ho2O3 can be used in the same glass in amounts of 0.1-4.5 wt.%.

[0157] In some respects, the glass described herein comprises titanium dioxide (TiO2). In some respects, titanium dioxide can be added to glass to increase its elastic modulus and fracture toughness without significantly increasing its density. However, in some respects, titanium dioxide can slow down the ion exchange process. Furthermore, in some respects, titanium dioxide may impart an undesirable color to the glass. Therefore, in some respects, it may be necessary to limit the content of titanium dioxide or otherwise balance its role in the glass. In some respects, a small amount of titanium dioxide (less than 0.1 mol%) can be added to the glass to prevent photo-darkening caused by UV light exposure, which is sometimes used in glass cleaning processes.

[0158] In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises TiO2 with a content of 0 wt.% or >0 wt.%. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises TiO2 with a content of 5 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises TiO2 with a content (wt.%) of 0, >0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, or 5, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the glass described herein may include TiO2 with a content (wt.%) of 0.1 or higher, less than 1, 2 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 0-5, 0-4.5, 0-4, 0-3.5, 0-3, 0-2.5, 0-2, 0-1.5, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-5, >0-4.5, >0-4, >0-3.5, >0-3, >0-2.5, >0-2, >0-1.5, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-5, 0.1-4.5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3.5, 0.1-3, 0.1-2.5, 0.1-2, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-5, 0 0.5-4.5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3.5, 0.5-3, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 1-4.5, 1-4, 1-3.5, 1-3, 1-2.5, 1-2, 1-1.5, 1.5-5, 1.5-4.5, 1.5-4, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-3, 1. 5-2.5, 1.5-2, 2-5, 2-4.5, 2-4, 2-3.5, 2-3, 2-2.5, 2.5-5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4, 2.5-3.5, 2.5-3, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-5, 4-4.5 or 4.5-5.

[0159] In some respects, the glass described herein includes zirconium oxide (ZrO2). In some respects, low concentrations of zirconium oxide can be added to the glass to increase the elastic modulus, fracture toughness, and / or low-temperature viscosity. However, in some respects, it has been empirically found that in aluminosilicate glasses with high alumina content, even the addition of very small amounts of ZrO2, such as 1 mol.% or even lower, can potentially increase the liquidus temperature, and therefore, in some respects, may adversely lead to the crystallization of refractory minerals (e.g., zirconium oxide (ZrO2), zircon (ZrSiO4), etc.) from the glass-forming melt at high temperatures. Therefore, in some respects, it may be necessary to limit the zirconium oxide content or otherwise balance its effect in the glass, or the glass composition may be substantially free of ZrO2.

[0160] In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises a ZrO2 content of 0 wt.% or >0 wt.%. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises a ZrO2 content of 5 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the glass described herein comprises ZrO2 with a content (wt.%) of 0, >0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, or 5, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the glass described herein may include ZrO2 with a content (wt.%) of 0.1 or higher, less than 1, 2 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 0-5, 0-4.5, 0-4, 0-3.5, 0-3, 0-2.5, 0-2, 0-1.5, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-5, >0-4.5, >0-4, >0-3.5, >0-3, >0-2.5, >0-2, >0-1.5, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-5, 0.1-4.5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3.5, 0.1-3, 0.1-2.5, 0.1-2, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-5, 0 0.5-4.5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3.5, 0.5-3, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 1-4.5, 1-4, 1-3.5, 1-3, 1-2.5, 1-2, 1-1.5, 1.5-5, 1.5-4.5, 1.5-4, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-3, 1. 5-2.5, 1.5-2, 2-5, 2-4.5, 2-4, 2-3.5, 2-3, 2-2.5, 2.5-5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4, 2.5-3.5, 2.5-3, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-5, 4-4.5 or 4.5-5.

[0161] In some aspects, the glasses disclosed herein can undergo ion exchange (IOX) to obtain chemically strengthened glass-based articles. In some aspects, the center of the ion-exchanged glass-based article comprises the same composition as disclosed elsewhere herein with respect to the glasses of this disclosure. For example, in some aspects, when the glasses of this disclosure undergo ion exchange, the ion exchange cannot reach the center of the glass article, and therefore the center of the glass article has the same composition as the starting glass before the ion exchange.

[0162] In some respects, glass-based articles are disclosed, including:

[0163] The maximum compressive stress (CS) is at least 300 MPa (e.g., 300-600 MPa);

[0164] The layer depth (DOL) is at least 5 µm (e.g., 5-30 µm); and

[0165] The composition located at the center of the glass-based article;

[0166] This includes the composition located at the center of the glass-based article and a glass substrate having the same dimensions as the glass-based article, including any of the glasses disclosed elsewhere herein.

[0167] As used herein, the terms “including the composition located at the center of the glass article and having the same dimensions as the glass article, comprising any of the glasses disclosed elsewhere herein” and similar language mean that a glass substrate having the same composition as the center of the glass article can be any of the glasses disclosed elsewhere herein, and that the glass substrate has the same dimensions as the glass article. This description relates to the fact that, in some respects, an ion-exchanged glass substrate produces a glass article in which the composition at the center has not yet undergone ion exchange, and therefore the composition at the center of the glass article is identical to the composition of the glass (glass substrate) before ion exchange. Furthermore, when such a glass (glass substrate) prior to 10x has the same dimensions as the resulting ion-exchanged glass article, it can be said that the glass (glass substrate) prior to 10x has the Young's modulus specified elsewhere herein for glasses (e.g., glass prior to 10x).

[0168] In some respects, the maximum compressive stress (CS) of glass-based articles is at least 300 MPa. In some respects, the CS of glass-based articles is 600 MPa or less. In some respects, the CS (MPa) is 300, 325, 350, 375, 400, 425, 450, 475, 500, 525, 550, 575 or 600, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least", "above" or "below", and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or lower" or "or higher", thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, CS (MPa) can be at least 300, 525 or higher, 575 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 300-600, 300-550, 300-500, 300-450, 300-400, 300-350, 350-600, 350-575, 350-550, 350-500, 350-450, 350-425, 350-400, 400-600, 400-550, 400-525, 400-500, 400-450, 450-600, 450-550, 450-500, 500-600, 500-550, or 550-600. The compressive stress (including surface CS) following ion exchange can be measured using a surface stress meter (FSM) with commercially available instruments, such as the FSM-6000 manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan). Surface stress measurement relies on the accurate measurement of the stress optical coefficient (SOC), which is related to the birefringence of the glass. The SOC is measured at 546.1 nm according to Procedure C (Glass Disk Method) described in ASTM Standard C770-16, entitled "Standard Test Method for Measurement of Stress Optical Coefficient of Glass," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. As used herein, "compressive stress" ("CS") refers to the maximum surface compressive stress.

[0169] In some aspects, the layer depth (DOL) of a glass-based article is at least 5 µm. In some aspects, the DOL of a glass-based article is 30 µm or less. In some aspects, the DOL (µm) can be 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, or 25, wherein each of the aforementioned numbers may be preceded by "at least," "greater than," or "less than," and each of the aforementioned numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or greater than," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, DOL... (µm) can be at least 5, greater than 8, 10 or greater, less than 16, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 5-30, 5-28, 5-26, 5-24, 5-22, 5-20, 5-18, 5-16, 5-14, 5-12, 5-10, 5-8, 5-6, 6-30, 6-28, 6-26, 6-24, 6-22, 6-20, 6-18, 6-16, 6-14, 6-12, 6-10, 6-8, 8-30, 8-28, 8-26, 8-24, 8-22, 8-20, 8-18, 8-16, 8-14, 8-12, 8-10, 10-30, 10-28, 10-26, 10-24, 10-22, 10-20, 10-18, 10-16, 10-14 10-12, 12-30, 12-28, 12-26, 12-24, 12-22, 12-20, 12-18, 12-16, 12-14, 14-30, 14-28, 14-26, 14-24, 14-22, 14-20, 14-18, 14-16, 16-30, 16-28, 16-26, 16-24, 16-22 16-20, 16-18, 18-30, 18-28, 18-26, 18-24, 18-22, 18-20, 20-30, 20-28, 20-26, 20-24, 20-22, 22-30, 22-28, 22-26, 22-24, 24-30, 24-28, 24-26, 26-30, 26-28 or 28-30.

[0170] In some aspects, a method for chemically strengthening a glass-based substrate is disclosed, the method comprising:

[0171] The glass substrate is subjected to ion exchange in a molten salt bath to form a glass-based article;

[0172] The glass-based article mentioned above includes:

[0173] The maximum compressive stress (CS) is at least 300 MPa (e.g., 300-600 MPa); and

[0174] The layer depth (DOL) is at least 5 µm (e.g., 5-30 µm);

[0175] The glass substrate mentioned herein includes any glass disclosed elsewhere in this document.

[0176] In methods for chemically strengthening glass-based substrates, the CS and DOL values ​​are the same as those described elsewhere for glass-based products.

[0177] In some aspects, in methods for chemically strengthening glass substrates, the ion exchange step is performed for an appropriate period of time. For example, in some aspects, the ion exchange is performed for a period of 8 hours or less (e.g., 5.5 hours or less). In some aspects, the ion exchange is performed for a period of at least 0.5 hours. In some aspects, the ion exchange step is performed for a period of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, or 8 hours, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "longer than," or "shorter than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or shorter time" or "or longer time," thereby creating an open or closed range.For example, the time period (in hours) of ion exchange can be at least 2, 5.5 or less, less than 5.5, more than 3, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 0.5-8, 0.5-7.5, 0.5-7, 0.5-6.5, 0.5-6, 0.5-5.5, 0.5-5, 0.5-4.5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3.5, 0.5-3, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-8, 1-7.5, 1-7, 1-6.5, 1-6, 1-5.5. 1-5, 1-4.5, 1-4, 1-3.5, 1-3, 1-2.5, 1-2, 1-1.5, 1.5-8, 1.5-7.5, 1.5-7, 1.5-6.5, 1.5-6, 1.5-5.5, 1.5-5, 1.5-4.5, 1.5-4, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-3, 1.5-2.5, 1.5-2, 2-8, 2-7.5, 2-7, 2-6.5, 2-6, 2-5.5, 2-5, 2-4.5, 2-4, 2-3.5, 2-3, 2-2.5, 2.5-8 2.5-7.5, 2.5-7, 2.5-6.5, 2.5-6, 2.5-5.5, 2.5-5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4, 2.5-3.5, 2.5-3, 3-8, 3-7.5, 3-7, 3-6.5, 3-6, 3-5.5, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-8, 3.5-7.5, 3.5-7, 3.5-6.5, 3.5-6, 3.5-5.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-8, 4-7.5, 4- 7, 4-6.5, 4-6, 4-5.5, 4-5, 4-4.5, 4.5-8, 4.5-7.5, 4.5-7, 4.5-6.5, 4.5-6, 4.5-5.5, 4.5-5, 5-8, 5-7.5, 5-7, 5-6.5, 5-6, 5-5.5, 5.5-8, 5.5-7.5, 5.5-7, 5.5-6.5, 5.5-6, 6-8, 6-7.5, 6-7, 6-6.5, 6.5-8, 6.5-7.5, 6.5-7, 7-8, 7-7.5 or 7.5-8.

[0178] In some aspects, the ion exchange step in the method of chemically strengthening a glass substrate is performed as a single-step ion exchange. In some aspects, the ion exchange step is performed as a two-step ion exchange. In some aspects, multiple ion exchange steps are performed, wherein the glass substrate is subjected to at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 molten salt baths (the compositions of the salt baths may be the same or different). It should be clear that the number of ion exchange steps refers to the number of steps performed. Thus, for example, a single step means one ion exchange step performed with a molten salt bath, and therefore does not include two or more ion exchange steps performed with a molten salt bath.

[0179] In some aspects, the molten salt bath in any step of the ion exchange process can have any suitable composition. For example, in some aspects, any molten salt bath can have a composition of at least 90 wt.% KNO3. In some aspects, any molten salt bath can have a composition of 100 wt.% (or 100 wt.% or less) KNO3. In some aspects, any molten salt bath can have a composition (wt.%) of 90, 92, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, or 100 KNO3, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "above," or "below," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or lower" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, any molten salt bath may have a composition of at least 95 wt.%, above 92 wt.%, and below 98 wt.% KNO3, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 90-100, 90-99, 90-98, 90-96, 90-95, 90-94, 90-92, 92-100, 92-99, 92-98, 92-96, 92-95, 92-94, 94-100, 94-99, 94-98, 94-96, 94-95, 95-100, 95-99, 95-98, 95-96, 96-100, 96-99, 96-98, 98-100, 98-99, or 99-100. In these molten salt baths, the remainder (if any) may contain any standard components of the molten salt bath, such as NaNO3, K2CO3, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, etc., or any combination thereof.

[0180] In some aspects, the ion exchange step in the method is carried out at any suitable temperature. For example, in some aspects, the temperature is at least 400°C. In some aspects, the temperature is 500°C or lower. In some aspects, the temperature (°C) is 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, or 500, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "above," or "below," and wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or lower" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, in some aspects, the temperature (°C) may be at least 430, 450 or lower, below 480, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 400-500, 400-490, 400-480, 400-470, 400-460, 400-450, 400-440, 400-430, 400-420, 400-410, 410-500, 410-490, 410-480, 410-470, 410-460, 410-450, 410-440, 410-430, 410-420, 420-500, 420-490, 420-480, 420-470, 420-460. 420-450, 420-440, 420-430, 430-500, 430-490, 430-480, 430-470, 430-460, 430-450, 430-440, 440-500, 440-490, 440-480, 440-470, 440-460, 440 -450, 450-500, 450-490, 450-480, 450-470, 450-460, 460-500, 460-490, 460-480, 460-470, 470-500, 470-490, 470-480, 480-500, 480-490 or 490-500.

[0181] In some respects, ion exchange is carried out in a single step at a temperature of 430–450 °C using a molten salt bath of 100 wt.% KNO3 to achieve a DOL of at least 8 µm and a CS of 300–600 MPa (e.g., 400–550 MPa). Of course, any molten salt bath composition, temperature, DOL, and CS disclosed elsewhere herein can be used / achieved.

[0182] This article discloses a consumer electronic device, which includes:

[0183] The housing has a front surface, a rear surface, and side surfaces;

[0184] Electronic components, at least partially disposed within the housing, including at least a controller, a memory, and a display, the display being disposed on or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and

[0185] The cover glass positioned above the display,

[0186] The portion of the housing or at least one of the cover glass comprises glass or glass-based articles disclosed elsewhere herein.

[0187] In some respects, the consumer electronic device is a laptop computer, computer monitor, television, tablet computer, or smartphone.

[0188] In some aspects, a method for recycling glass is disclosed, the method comprising:

[0189] Heating the composition to form a melt, the composition comprising:

[0190] Crushed glass comprising at least 50 wt.% of the material; and

[0191] Raw materials with a content of 50 wt.% or less;

[0192] The above contents are all based on the total weight of the composition;

[0193] Wherein, when the melt is formed and cooled to form a glass substrate, the glass substrate is any glass disclosed elsewhere herein.

[0194] In some respects, the temperature of the heating step is not particularly limited, but rather selected to melt the composition and achieve the desired viscosity so that a melt can be formed using a suitable glass-forming method (e.g., fusion, float glass, etc.). Therefore, in some respects, the temperature can be selected based on one or more, or any combination of, 200 P, 35,000 P, 100,000 P, 200,000 P, liquidus temperature, liquidus viscosity. These temperatures and related considerations, such as viscosity, forming method, and crystallization tendency, are discussed elsewhere in this document.

[0195] In some aspects, a composition is disclosed (e.g., in a method for recycling glass or as part of a separate composition) comprising:

[0196] Crushed glass comprising at least 50 wt.% of the material; and

[0197] Raw materials with a content of 50 wt.% or less;

[0198] The above contents are all based on the total weight of the composition.

[0199] The shards of glass include:

[0200] The content of SiO2 is 50-75 wt.%;

[0201] Al2O3 with a content of 5-30 wt.%;

[0202] B2O3 with a content of 1-20 wt.%;

[0203] CaO with a content of 1-15 wt.%; and

[0204] Li₂O content less than 0.1 wt.%;

[0205] The above contents are all calculated based on the total weight of the broken glass; and

[0206] The raw materials mentioned above include at least one of the following:

[0207] SiO2;

[0208] Na2CO3; and

[0209] Al2O3.

[0210] In some aspects, the amount of cullet in the composition (e.g., in a method for recycling glass or as part of a separate composition) is at least 50 wt.%. In some aspects, the amount of cullet in the composition is 95 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the amount (wt.%) of cullet in the composition is 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or more," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, in some aspects, the amount (wt.%) of cullet in the composition may be at least 65, above 60, 75 or higher, 90 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing figures, such as 50-95, 50-90, 50-85, 50-80, 50-75, 50-70, 50-65, 50-60, 50-55, 55-95, 55-90, 55-85, 55-80, 55-75, 55-70, 55-65, 55 -60, 60-95, 60-90, 60-85, 60-80, 60-75, 60-70, 60-65, 65-95, 65-90, 65-85, 65-80, 65-75, 65-70, 70-95, 70-90, 70-85, 70-80, 70-75, 75-95, 75-90, 75-85, 75-80, 80-95, 80-90, 80-85, 85-95, 85-90 or 90-95.

[0211] In some aspects, the total amount of the raw material in the composition (e.g., in a method for recycling glass or as part of a separate composition) is at least 5 wt.%. In some aspects, the total amount of the raw material in the composition is 50 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the total amount (wt.%) of the raw material in the composition is 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 or 50, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least", "more than" or "less than", and wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or more", thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, in some aspects, the total amount (wt.%) of the raw material in the composition may be at least 10, higher than 15, 20 or higher, 30 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing figures, such as 5-50, 5-45, 5-40, 5-35, 5-30, 5-25, 5-20, 5-15, 5-10, 10-50, 10-45, 10-40, 10-35, 10-30, 10-25, 10-20, 10-1 5, 15-50, 15-45, 15-40, 15-35, 15-30, 15-25, 15-20, 20-45, 20-40, 20-35, 20-30, 20-25, 25-50, 25-45, 25-40, 25-35, 25-30, 30-50, 30-45, 30-40, 30-35, 35-50, 35-45, 35-40, 40-50, 40-45, or 45-50. For clarity, these quantities of raw materials are relative to the total amount of all raw materials present, such as the total amount of one or more of alumina, silicon dioxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc.

[0212] In some respects, shattered glass is present in the composition (e.g., in a method for recycling glass or as part of a separate composition) in any amount disclosed herein (e.g., at least 65 wt.%), and raw materials are present in the composition in any amount disclosed herein (e.g., 35 wt.% or less) on a total weight basis of the composition.

[0213] In some respects, cullet (e.g., used in recycling methods or as part of a separate composition) may include one or more of SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, CaO, Li2O, Na2O, K2O, SrO, SnO2, or any other component described elsewhere herein (e.g., alkali metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, REO, ZnO, BaO, TiO2, ZrO2, MgO, etc., or any combination thereof). The descriptions of these components elsewhere herein also apply.

[0214] In some respects, shattered glass (e.g., used in recycling methods or as part of a separate composition) may include:

[0215] SiO2 with a content of 50-75 wt.% (e.g., 59-66 wt.%);

[0216] Al2O3 with a content of 5-30 wt.% (e.g., 16-19 wt.%);

[0217] B2O3 with a content of 1-20 wt.% (e.g., 8-13 wt.%);

[0218] CaO in a content of 1-15 wt.% (e.g., 5-10.5 wt.%); and

[0219] Li₂O content less than 0.1 wt.%;

[0220] All the above contents are based on the total weight of broken glass.

[0221] In some aspects, the cullet comprises a SiO2 content of at least 50 wt.%. In some aspects, the cullet comprises a SiO2 content of 75 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the cullet comprises SiO2 content (wt.%) of 50, 52, 55, 58, 59, 60, 62, 65, 66, 68, 70, 72, or 75, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, in some aspects, cullet includes SiO2 content (wt.%) less than 72, 65 or higher, or at least 58, in any range formed by any of the foregoing figures, such as 50-75, 50-72, 50-70, 50-68, 50-66, 50-65, 50-62, 50-60, 50-59, 50-58, 50-55, 50-52, 52-75, 52-72, 52-70, 52-68, 52-66, 52-65, 52-62, 52-60, 52-59, 52-58, 52-55, 55-75, 55-72, 55-70, 55-68, 55-66, 55-65, 55-62, 55-60, 55-5 9, 55-58, 58-75, 58-72, 58-70, 58-68, 58-66, 58-65, 58-62, 58-60, 58-59, 59-75, 59-72, 59-70, 59-68, 59-66, 59-65, 59-62, 59-60, 60-75, 60-72, 60-70 The glass composition is 60-68, 60-66, 60-65, 60-62, 62-75, 62-72, 62-70, 62-68, 62-66, 62-65, 65-75, 65-72, 65-70, 65-68, 65-66, 68-75, 68-72, 68-70, 70-75, 70-72, or 72-75. In some respects, the rubble glass contains little or no SiO2.

[0222] In some aspects, the cullet comprises at least 5 wt.% Al2O3. In some aspects, the cullet comprises 75 wt.% or less Al2O3. In some aspects, the cullet comprises Al2O3 in the range of 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 25, 28, or 30 wt.%, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, in some aspects, cullet includes Al2O3 with a content (wt.%) greater than 8, at least 12, and less than 28, or any range formed by any of the foregoing figures, such as 5-30, 5-28, 5-25, 5-22, 5-20, 5-19, 5-18, 5-16, 5-15, 5-12, 5-10, 5-8, 8-30, 8-28, 8-25, 8-22, 8-20, 8-19, 8-18, 8-16, 8-15, 8-12, 8-10, 10-30, 10-28, 10-25, 10-22, 10-20, 10-19, 10-18, 10-16, 10-15, 10-12, 1 2-30, 12-28, 12-25, 12-22, 12-20, 12-19, 12-18, 12-16, 12-15, 15-30, 15-28, 15-25, 15-22, 15-20, 15-19, 15-18, 15-16, 16-30, 16-28, 16-25, 16-22, 16-20, 16-19, 16-18, 18-30, 18-28, 18-25, 18-22, 18-20, 18-19, 20-30, 20-28, 20-25, 20-22, 22-30, 22-28, 22-25, 25-30, 25-28 or 28-30. In some respects, shattered glass contains little or no Al2O3.

[0223] In some aspects, the cullet comprises a B2O3 content of at least 1 wt.%. In some aspects, the cullet comprises a B2O3 content of 20 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the cullet comprises B2O3 in a content (wt.%) of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, or 20, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, in some aspects, cullet includes B₂O₃ with a content (wt.%) of 16 or less, less than 12, at least 8%, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 1-20, 1-18, 1-16, 1-14, 1-13, 1-12, 1-10, 1-8, 1-6, 1-4, 1-2, 2-20, 2-18, 2-16, 2-14, 2-13, 2-12, 2-10, 2-8, 2-6, 2-4, 4-20, 4-18, 4-16, 4-14, 4-13, 4-12, 4-10, 4-8, 4 -6, 6-20, 6-18, 6-16, 6-14, 6-13, 6-12, 6-10, 6-8, 8-20, 8-18, 8-16, 8-14, 8-13, 8-12, 8-10, 10-20, 10-18, 10-16, 10-14, 10-13, 10-12, 12-20, 12-18, 12-16, 12-14, 12-13, 13-20, 13-18, 13-16, 13-14, 14-20, 14-18, 14-16, 16-20, 16-18, or 18-20. In some respects, the rubble glass contains no or substantially no B2O3.

[0224] In some aspects, the cullet comprises a CaO content of at least 1 wt.%. In some aspects, the cullet comprises a CaO content of 15 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the cullet comprises CaO in a content (wt.%) of 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10.5, 12, 14, or 15, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, in some aspects, cullet includes a CaO content (wt.%) greater than 6, at least 8, 12, or less, or any range formed by any of the foregoing figures, such as 1-15, 1-14, 1-12, 1-10.5, 1-10, 1-8, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-2, 2-15, 2-14, 2-12, 2-10.5, 2-10, 2-8, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 4-15, 4-14, 4- 12, 4-10.5, 4-10, 4-8, 4-6, 4-5, 5-15, 5-14, 5-12, 5-10.5, 5-10, 5-8, 5-6, 6-15, 6-14, 6-12, 6-10.5, 6-10, 6-8, 8-15, 8-14, 8-12, 8-10.5, 8-10, 10-15, 10-14, 10-12, 10-10.5, 12-15, 12-14, or 14-15. In some respects, the rubble glass contains little or no CaO.

[0225] In some respects, the cullet contains no or substantially no Li₂O. For example, in some respects, the cullet comprises Li₂O with a content (wt.%) of less than any of the following amounts: 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.08, 0.06, 0.04, 0.02, or 0.01. In some respects, the glass disclosed herein comprises Li₂O with a content (wt.%) of less than 0.5 wt.% or less than 0.1 wt.%. In some respects, the glass disclosed herein comprises Li₂O in a content (wt.%) of 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 or 1, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by “at least,” “higher than” or “lower than,” and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by “or lower” or “or higher,” thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, the glass disclosed herein includes Li₂O with a content (wt.%) of 0.4 or less, less than 0.08, at least 0.01, or any range formed by any of the foregoing figures, such as 0.01-1, 0.01-0.8, 0.01-0.6, 0.01-0.4, 0.01-0.2, 0.01-0.1, 0.01-0.05, 0.05-1, 0.05-0.8, 0.05-0.6, 0.05-0.4, 0.05-0.2, 0.05-0.1, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.8, 0.1-0.6, 0.1-0.4, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-1, 0.2-0.8, 0.2-0.6, 0.2-0.4, 0.4-1, 0.4-0.8, 0.4-0.6, 0.6-1, 0.6-0.8 or 0.8-1.

[0226] In some aspects, the cullet comprises Na₂O with a content of 0 wt.% or >0 wt.%. In some aspects, the cullet comprises Na₂O with a content of 5 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the cullet comprises Na₂O with a content (wt.%) of 0, >0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, or 5, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "above," or "below," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or lower" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, in some aspects, cullet includes Na₂O with a content (wt.%) of 0.5 or higher, less than 2.5, 0.1 or lower, or any range formed by any of the foregoing figures, such as 0-5, 0-4.5, 0-4, 0-3.5, 0-3, 0-2.5, 0-2, 0-1.5, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-5, >0-4.5, >0-4, >0-3.5, >0-3, >0-2.5, >0-2, >0-1.5, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-5, 0.1-4.5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3.5, 0.1-3, 0.1-2.5, 0.1-2, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5- 5, 0.5-4.5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3.5, 0.5-3, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 1-4.5, 1-4, 1-3.5, 1-3, 1-2.5, 1-2, 1-1.5, 1.5-5, 1.5-4.5, 1.5-4, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-3, 1 0.5-2.5, 1.5-2, 2-5, 2-4.5, 2-4, 2-3.5, 2-3, 2-2.5, 2.5-5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4, 2.5-3.5, 2.5-3, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-5, 4-4.5 or 4.5-5.

[0227] In some aspects, the cullet comprises K₂O at a content of 0 wt.% or >0 wt.%. In some aspects, the cullet comprises K₂O at a content of 5 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the cullet comprises K₂O at a content (wt.%) of 0, >0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, or 5, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "above," or "below," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or lower" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, in some aspects, cullet includes K₂O content (wt.%) of less than 0.5, 1 or less, at least 0.1, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 0-5, 0-4.5, 0-4, 0-3.5, 0-3, 0-2.5, 0-2, 0-1.5, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-5, >0-4.5, >0-4, >0-3.5, >0-3, >0-2.5, >0-2, >0-1.5, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-5, 0.1-4.5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3.5, 0.1-3, 0.1-2.5, 0.1-2, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-5, 0.5-4.5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3.5, 0.5-3, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 1-4.5, 1-4, 1-3.5, 1-3, 1-2.5, 1-2, 1-1.5, 1.5-5, 1.5-4.5, 1.5-4, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-3, 1. 5-2.5, 1.5-2, 2-5, 2-4.5, 2-4, 2-3.5, 2-3, 2-2.5, 2.5-5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4, 2.5-3.5, 2.5-3, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-5, 4-4.5 or 4.5-5.

[0228] In some aspects, the cullet comprises SrO with a content of 0 wt.% or >0 wt.%. In some aspects, the cullet comprises SrO with a content of 5 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the cullet comprises SrO with a content (wt.%) of 0, >0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, or 5, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, in some aspects, cullet includes SrO with a content (wt.%) of 0.1 or higher, 3 or lower, less than 1.5%, or any range formed by any of the foregoing figures, such as 0-5, 0-4.5, 0-4, 0-3.5, 0-3, 0-2.5, 0-2, 0-1.5, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-5, >0-4.5, >0-4, >0-3.5, >0-3, >0-2.5, >0-2, >0-1.5, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-5, 0.1-4.5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3.5, 0.1-3, 0.1-2.5, 0.1-2, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-5 0.5-4.5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3.5, 0.5-3, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 1-4.5, 1-4, 1-3.5, 1-3, 1-2.5, 1-2, 1-1.5, 1.5-5, 1.5-4.5, 1.5-4, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-3, 1 0.5-2.5, 1.5-2, 2-5, 2-4.5, 2-4, 2-3.5, 2-3, 2-2.5, 2.5-5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4, 2.5-3.5, 2.5-3, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-5, 4-4.5 or 4.5-5.

[0229] In some aspects, the cullet comprises Sn₂O with a content of 0 wt.% or >0 wt.%. In some aspects, the cullet comprises Sn₂O with a content of 5 wt.% or less. In some aspects, the cullet comprises Sn₂O with a content (wt.%) of 0, >0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, or 5, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by "at least," "more than," or "less than," and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by "or less" or "or higher," thereby creating an open or closed range. For example, in some respects, cullet includes Sn₂O with a content (wt.%) of 4.5 or less, less than 4, 0.5 or less, or more than 0.1%, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 0-5, 0-4.5, 0-4, 0-3.5, 0-3, 0-2.5, 0-2, 0-1.5, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-5, >0-4.5, >0-4, >0-3.5, >0-3, >0-2.5, >0-2, >0-1.5, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-5, 0.1-4.5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3.5, 0.1-3, 0.1-2.5, 0.1-2, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0. 5-5, 0.5-4.5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3.5, 0.5-3, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 1-4.5, 1-4, 1-3.5, 1-3, 1-2.5, 1-2, 1-1.5, 1.5-5, 1.5-4.5, 1.5-4, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-3 1.5-2.5, 1.5-2, 2-5, 2-4.5, 2-4, 2-3.5, 2-3, 2-2.5, 2.5-5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4, 2.5-3.5, 2.5-3, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-5, 4-4.5 or 4.5-5.

[0230] In some aspects, the composition (e.g., in a method for recycling glass or as part of a separate composition) comprises cullet and raw material. Cullet has been described elsewhere herein. In some aspects, the raw material comprises any suitable component that can be combined with cullet. In some aspects, the raw material supplies elements or compounds that are absent or present in insufficient amounts in the cullet, thereby producing glass having a desired composition and / or one or more desired properties (e.g., as described elsewhere herein). In some aspects, the raw material comprises at least one of SiO2, Na2CO3, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2B4O7, NaNO3, MgO, CaCO3, Sr(NO3)2, SrCO3, Ba(NO3)2, BaCO3, SnO, ZnO, CaF2, CaCl2, and BaF2. In some aspects, the raw material comprises SiO2. In some aspects, the raw material comprises Na2CO3. In some aspects, the raw material comprises Al2O3. In some aspects, the raw material comprises at least one of SiO2, Na2CO3, and Al2O3. In some applications, the raw materials include SiO2 and Na2CO3. In some applications, the raw materials include Na2CO3 and Al2O3. In some applications, the raw materials include SiO2 and Al2O3. In some applications, the raw materials include SiO2, Na2CO3, and Al2O3.

[0231] In some aspects, the composition (e.g., in a method for recycling glass or as part of a separate composition) comprises cullet and raw materials, wherein the cullet comprises less than 1 wt.% Na₂O by weight of the total cullet (e.g., less than any of the following: 0.9 wt.%, 0.8 wt.%, 0.7 wt.%, 0.6 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, 0.4 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%, 0.2 wt.%, 0.1 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%, 0.01 wt.%, or any other amount disclosed elsewhere herein for Na₂O in cullet), and the composition comprises at least 5 wt.% Na₂CO₃ by weight of the total composition (e.g., at least any of the following: 6 wt.%, 7 wt.%, 8 wt.%, 9 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 11 wt.%, 12 wt.%, 13 wt.%, 14 wt.%, 15 wt.%). (wt.%, or any other amount of Na2CO3 disclosed elsewhere in this document for the composition).

[0232] In some aspects, the composition (e.g., in a method for recycling glass or as part of a separate composition) comprises any single component in an amount of 0 wt.% or >0 wt.%, such as SiO2, Na2CO3, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2B4O7, NaNO3, MgO, CaCO3, Sr(NO3)2, SrCO3, Ba(NO3)2, BaCO3, SnO, ZnO, CaF2, CaCl2, or BaF2. In some aspects, the composition comprises any single component in an amount of 25 wt.% or less, such as SiO2, Na2CO3, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2B4O7, NaNO3, MgO, CaCO3, Sr(NO3)2, SrCO3, Ba(NO3)2, BaCO3, SnO, ZnO, CaF2, CaCl2, or BaF2. In some aspects, the composition comprises any such individual component in a content (wt.%) of 0, >0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 or 25, wherein each of the foregoing numbers may be preceded by “at least,” “above,” or “below,” and each of the foregoing numbers may be followed by “or lower” or “or higher,” thereby creating an open or closed range.For example, in some aspects, the composition includes any single component in a content (wt.%) of less than 10, 15 or less, or more than 5, based on the total weight of the composition, or any range formed by any of the foregoing numbers, such as 0-25, 0-24, 0-22, 0-20, 0-18, 0-16, 0-15, 0-14, 0-12, 0-10, 0-8, 0-6, 0-5, 0-4, 0-2, 0-1, >0-25, >0-24, >0-22, >0-20, >0-18, >0-16, >0-15, >0-14, >0 -12, >0-10, >0-8, >0-6, >0-5, >0-4, >0-2, >0-1, 1-25, 1-24, 1-22, 1-20, 1-18, 1-16, 1-15, 1-14, 1-12, 1-10, 1-8, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-2, 2-25, 2-24, 2-22, 2-20, 2-18, 2-16, 2-15, 2-14, 2-12, 2-10, 2-8, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 4-25, 4-24, 4-22, 4-20, 4-18, 4- 16, 4-15, 4-14, 4-12, 4-10, 4-8, 4-6, 6-25, 6-24, 6-22, 6-20, 6-18, 6-16, 6-15, 6-14, 6-12, 6-10, 6-8, 8-25, 8-24, 8-22, 8-20, 8-18, 8-16, 8-15, 8-14, 8-12, 8-10, 10-25, 10-24, 10-22, 10-20, 10-18, 10-16, 10-15, 10-14, 10-12, 12-25, 12-24, 1 2-22, 12-20, 12-18, 12-16, 12-15, 12-14, 14-25, 14-24, 14-22, 14-20, 14-18, 14-16, 14-15, 15-25, 15-24, 15-22, 15-20, 15-18, 15-16, 16-25, 16-24, 16-22, 16-20, 16-18, 18-25, 18-24, 18-22, 18-20, 20-25, 20-24, 20-22, 22-25, 22-24, or 24-25. Therefore, for example, in some aspects, the composition includes a raw material comprising any amount of Na2CO3 as described herein, for example, 8-15 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition. In some aspects, the composition includes raw materials comprising any amount of SiO2 as described herein, for example, 0-20 wt.% by weight of the total composition. In other aspects, the composition includes raw materials comprising any amount of Al2O3 as described herein, for example, 0-10 wt.% by weight of the total composition. Any such figures apply to any individual component of the raw materials.For clarity, any one or more components of the raw material may be used in combination in the composition, and any such figures may be used to describe the content of any such individual component, even when the components are used in combination. In some aspects, the raw material does not contain or substantially does not contain any one or more of the following: SiO2, Na2CO3, Al2O3, B2O3, Na2B4O7, NaNO3, MgO, CaCO3, Sr(NO3)2, SrCO3, Ba(NO3)2, BaCO3, SnO, ZnO, CaF2, CaCl2, or BaF2.

[0233] In some aspects, the composition comprises: any amount of chopped glass disclosed herein, for example, 70-90 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition; and any amount of any raw material disclosed elsewhere herein, for example, a raw material comprising at least one of the following: 8-15 wt.% Na2CO3; 0-20 wt.% SiO2; and 0-10 wt.% Al2O3, all based on the total weight of the composition.

[0234] Now refer to Figure 1 , 2A The figures and diagrams below illustrate various aspects of this disclosure. The following general description is intended to provide an overview of the disclosure and its structure, and aspects will be discussed more specifically throughout the disclosure with reference to aspects depicted in a non-limiting manner, all of which are interchangeable and combinable with each other within the context of this disclosure.

[0235] In some respects, the glass described herein can be strengthened, for example, by ion exchange, thereby producing glass-based articles that are resistant to damage for applications such as, but not limited to, display covers. References Figure 1 The text depicts a glass-based article 100 having a first region under compressive stress (e.g., ...). Figure 1 The first and second compression layers 120, 122) and the second region under tensile stress or central tension (CT) (e.g., Figure 1 The first region extends from the surface to the depth of compression (DOC) of the glass substrate, and the second region extends from the DOC to the center or interior region of the glass substrate. As used herein, DOC refers to the depth at which the stress within the glass substrate changes from compression to tension. At the DOC, the stress changes from positive (compressive) stress to negative (tensile) stress, and therefore the stress value is zero.

[0236] According to the conventions commonly used in the art, compressive stress or compressive stress is expressed as negative (<0) stress, and tensile stress or tensile stress is expressed as positive (>0) stress. However, throughout this specification, CS is expressed as a positive or absolute value (i.e., as described herein, The compressive stress (CS) has a maximum value at or near the surface of the glass-based article, and CS varies with the distance d from the surface according to a function. (See again) Figure 1 A first segment 120 extends from a first surface 110 to a depth d1, and a second segment 122 extends from a second surface 112 to a depth d2. These segments together define the compressive stress, or CS, of the glass substrate 100. The compressive stress (including surface CS) can be measured using a surface stress meter (FSM) with commercially available instruments, such as the FSM-6000 manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan). Surface stress measurement relies on the accurate measurement of the stress optical coefficient (SOC), which is related to the birefringence of the glass. The SOC is measured according to Procedure C (the glass disk method) described in ASTM standard C770-16, entitled "Standard Test Method for Measurement of Stress Optical Coefficient of Glass," the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0237] In some respects, Na + and K + Ion exchange is introduced into glass-based products, and Na + The depth of ion diffusion into glass-based products is greater than K. + The ions are deeper. K + The depth of ion penetration (“potassium DOL”) differs from DOC because it represents the depth of potassium penetration resulting from the ion exchange process. For the articles described herein, potassium DOL is typically less than DOC. Potassium DOL is measured using a surface stress meter, such as the commercially available FSM-6000 surface stress meter manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan), which relies on accurate measurement of the stress optical coefficient (SOC), as described above in the reference CS measurement section. Potassium DOL can define the depth of the compressive stress peak (DOL). SP The stress distribution transitions from a steep, peaked region to a less steep, deeper region. The deeper region extends from the base of the peak to the compression depth.

[0238] Two main surfaces ( Figure 1The compressive stresses (110, 112) in the glass substrate are balanced by the tension stored in the central region (130) of the glass substrate. The maximum central tension (CT) and DOC values ​​can be measured using the Scattered Light Polarizer (SCALP) technique known in the art. The Refractive Near-Field (RNF) method, or SCALP, can be used to determine the stress distribution of the glass substrate. When measuring the stress distribution using the RNF method, the maximum CT value provided by SCALP is utilized in the RNF method. Specifically, the stress distribution determined by the RNF is force-balanced and calibrated according to the maximum CT value provided by the SCALP measurement. The RNF method is described in U.S. Patent No. 8,854,623, entitled "Systems and methods for measuring a profile characteristic of a glass sample," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Specifically, the RNF method includes placing a glass substrate adjacent to a reference block, generating a polarization-switching beam that switches between orthogonal polarizations at a rate from 1 Hz to 50 Hz, measuring the power in the polarization-switching beam, and generating a polarization-switching reference signal, wherein the power measured in each orthogonal polarization differs from each other by less than 50%. The method further includes transmitting the polarization-switching beam through the glass sample and the reference block to different depths in the glass sample, and then relaying the transmitted polarization-switching beam to a signal photodetector using a relay optics system. The signal photodetector generates a polarization-switching detector signal. The method also includes dividing the detector signal by the reference signal to form a normalized detector signal, and determining the distribution characteristics of the glass sample from the normalized detector signal.

[0239] The measurement of the maximum CT value is an indicator of the total amount of stress stored in an article strengthened by the aforementioned force balance. Therefore, the ability to achieve a higher CT value is related to the ability to achieve a higher degree of strengthening and improved performance. In some aspects, the maximum CT of glass-based articles can be greater than or equal to 60 MPa, for example, greater than or equal to 100 MPa, for example, greater than or equal to 120 MPa, greater than or equal to 140 MPa, greater than or equal to 160 MPa, greater than or equal to 180 MPa, or greater. In other aspects, the maximum CT of glass-based articles can be greater than or equal to 60 MPa to less than or equal to 1.5 GPa, and all ranges and subranges between the values ​​mentioned above in this paragraph.

[0240] As mentioned above, DOC is measured using the Scattered Light Polarizer (SCALP) technique known in the art. DOC is available as part of the thickness (t) of the glass substrate article.

[0241] The ion exchange conditions disclosed herein are not necessarily optimized for the glass compositions disclosed herein. Therefore, the data indicate that IOX is effective for these compositions and provide some examples of achievable parameters. However, based on the disclosure herein, it is anticipated that other parameters, such as higher CT, can be achieved as needed.

[0242] The thickness (t) of the glass substrate 100 is measured between surface 110 and surface 112. In some aspects, the thickness of the glass substrate 100 may be in the range of greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 4 mm, for example, greater than or equal to 0.2 mm and less than or equal to 3.5 mm, greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm, greater than or equal to 0.4 mm and less than or equal to 2.5 mm, greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm, greater than or equal to 0.6 mm and less than or equal to 1.5 mm, greater than or equal to 0.7 mm and less than or equal to 1 mm, greater than or equal to 0.2 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm, and all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values. The glass substrate used to form the glass substrate may have the same thickness as required for the glass substrate. More generally, any thickness suitable for the glass substrate or glass may be used. These thicknesses may be beyond the scope discussed in this paragraph or elsewhere herein. For clarity, any thickness disclosed herein may be applied to glass or glass substrates.

[0243] The glass-based articles disclosed herein can be incorporated into other articles, such as articles having a display (or display articles) (e.g., consumer electronics, including mobile phones, tablets, computers, navigation systems, etc.), building articles, transport articles (e.g., automobiles, trains, airplanes, ships, etc.), electrical articles, other applications disclosed elsewhere herein, or any article requiring a certain degree of transparency, scratch resistance, abrasion resistance, or a combination thereof. Exemplary articles incorporating any of the glass-based articles disclosed herein are shown in [illustration / example]. Figure 2A and 2B middle. Specifically, Figure 2A and 2B A consumer electronic device 200 is shown, comprising: a housing 202 having a front surface 204, a rear surface 206, and a side surface 208; electronic components (not shown) at least partially or entirely located within the housing, and including at least a controller, memory, and a display 210 located at or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and a cover 212 located at or above the front surface of the housing, such that it is above the display. In some aspects, at least a portion of at least one of the cover 212 and the housing 202 may comprise any glass-based article described herein. In some aspects, the glass-based article disclosed herein is a cover glass.

[0244] This document covers various aspects, several of which are described in the following paragraphs. It is explicitly anticipated that any aspect or part thereof may be combined to form a combination. The phrase “any other aspect of this document” means any numbered aspect of this document, or any one or more aspects disclosed elsewhere in this document. Any reference to “aspect 1” is intended to include any aspect of the same number that also contains letters (e.g., aspect 1A, aspect 1B, etc.).

[0245] Aspect 1A: A type of glass comprising:

[0246] The content of SiO2 is 50-75 wt.%;

[0247] Al2O3 with a content of 14-22 wt.%;

[0248] B2O3 with a content of 7-10 wt.%;

[0249] Na₂O with a content of 6-9 wt.%;

[0250] CaO with a content of 5-9 wt.%; and

[0251] Li₂O content less than 0.1 wt.%

[0252] Aspect 1B: A glass (e.g., aluminoborosilicate glass, alkali metal aluminoborosilicate glass, etc.) comprising at least one (e.g., or all) of the following:

[0253] Young's modulus is at least 70 GPa;

[0254] The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is 70 × 10⁻⁶. -7 / ℃ or lower; and

[0255] The Li2O content is 0.1 wt.% or lower;

[0256] The glass described therein is ion-exchangeable.

[0257] Aspect 2: Glass according to any of the foregoing aspects or any other aspect thereof, comprising:

[0258] The content of SiO2 is 52-64 wt.%;

[0259] Al2O3 with a content of 15-18 wt.%;

[0260] B2O3 with a content of 7-9 wt.%;

[0261] Na₂O with a content of 6.5-8 wt.%; and

[0262] The content of CaO is 5-7 wt.%.

[0263] Aspect 3: The glass according to any of the foregoing aspects or any other aspect thereof further comprises:

[0264] K₂O with a content of 0-2 wt.%;

[0265] MgO with a content of 0-3 wt.%;

[0266] SrO with a content of 0-2 wt.%; and

[0267] SnO2 with a content of 0-2 wt.%

[0268] Aspect 4: The glass according to any of the foregoing aspects or any other aspect herein comprises at least one of the following:

[0269] Young's modulus is at least 70 GPa; and

[0270] The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is 70 × 10⁻⁶. -7 / ℃ or lower;

[0271] Aspect 5: Glass according to any of the foregoing aspects or any other aspect herein, wherein the Young's modulus is less than 80 GPa.

[0272] Aspect 6: Glass according to any of the foregoing aspects or any other aspect herein, wherein the CTE is at least 50 × 10 -7 / ℃.

[0273] Aspect 7: Glass according to any of the foregoing aspects or any other aspect herein, wherein the 200 P temperature is 1750°C or lower.

[0274] Aspect 8: Glass according to any of the foregoing aspects or any other aspect of this document, having a strain point of at least 550°C.

[0275] Aspect 9: Glass according to any of the foregoing aspects or any other aspect herein has a liquidus temperature of 1200°C or lower.

[0276] Aspect 10: Glass according to any of the foregoing aspects or any other aspect herein, having a liquidus viscosity of 20 kP to 500 kP.

[0277] Aspect 11: Glass according to any of the foregoing aspects or any other aspect herein, wherein when the glass has a thickness of 1 mm and undergoes single-step ion exchange in a 100 wt.% KNO3 molten salt bath at 430-450 °C, the glass reaches a maximum compressive stress of 300-600 MPa and a layer depth (DOL) of at least 8 µm within 5.5 hours.

[0278] Aspect 12: Glass according to any of the foregoing aspects or any other aspect herein, wherein the glass is substantially free of Li2O.

[0279] Aspect 13: A method for chemically strengthening a glass-based substrate, the method comprising:

[0280] The glass substrate is subjected to ion exchange in a molten salt bath to form a glass-based article;

[0281] The glass-based article mentioned above includes:

[0282] The maximum compressive stress (CS) is 300-600 MPa; and

[0283] Layer depth (DOL) is 5-30 µm;

[0284] The glass substrate mentioned herein includes glass according to any of the foregoing aspects or any other aspect herein.

[0285] Aspect 14: The method according to aspect 13, any of the preceding aspects or any other aspect herein, wherein the ion exchange is performed for 5.5 hours or less.

[0286] Aspect 15: The method according to aspect 13 or 14, any of the foregoing aspects or any other aspect herein, wherein the ion exchange is a single-step ion exchange.

[0287] Aspect 16: The method according to any one of aspects 13 to 15, any of the foregoing aspects, or any other aspect of this document, wherein the molten salt bath comprises at least 95 wt.% KNO3 and its temperature is at least 400°C.

[0288] Aspect 17: A glass-based article comprising:

[0289] The maximum compressive stress (CS) is 300-600 MPa;

[0290] Layer depth (DOL) is 5-30 µm; and

[0291] The composition located at the center of the glass-based article;

[0292] The composition located at the center of the glass-based article comprises glass according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, any of the foregoing aspects, or any other aspect herein.

[0293] Aspect 18: A consumer electronic device comprising:

[0294] The housing has a front surface, a rear surface, and side surfaces;

[0295] Electronic components, at least partially disposed within the housing, including at least a controller, a memory, and a display, the display being disposed on or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and

[0296] The cover glass positioned above the display,

[0297] The portion of the housing or at least one of the cover glass comprises glass or glass-based articles according to any of the foregoing aspects or any other aspect herein.

[0298] Aspect 19: A consumer electronic device according to aspect 18, any of the preceding aspects or any other aspect herein, wherein the consumer electronic device is a laptop computer, computer monitor, television, tablet computer or smartphone.

[0299] Aspect 20: A method for recycling glass, the method comprising:

[0300] Heating the composition to form a melt, the composition comprising:

[0301] Crushed glass comprising at least 50 wt.% of the material; and

[0302] Raw materials with a content of 50 wt.% or less;

[0303] The above contents are all based on the total weight of the composition;

[0304] Wherein, when the melt is formed and cooled to form a glass substrate, the glass substrate is glass according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, any of the foregoing aspects, or any other aspect herein.

[0305] Aspect 21: The method according to aspect 20, any of the foregoing aspects or any other aspect herein, wherein the amount of the chopped glass is at least 65 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition, and the amount of the raw material is 35 wt.% or less.

[0306] Aspect 22: The method according to aspect 20 or 21, any of the foregoing aspects, or any other aspect herein, wherein the broken glass comprises:

[0307] The content of SiO2 is 50-75 wt.%;

[0308] Al2O3 with a content of 5-30 wt.%;

[0309] B2O3 with a content of 1-20 wt.%;

[0310] CaO with a content of 1-15 wt.%; and

[0311] Li₂O content less than 0.1 wt.%;

[0312] All the above contents are based on the total weight of broken glass.

[0313] Aspect 23: The method according to aspect 22, any of the foregoing aspects, or any other aspect herein, wherein the shattered glass further comprises:

[0314] Na₂O with a content of 0-5 wt.%;

[0315] K₂O with a content of 0-5 wt.%;

[0316] SrO with a content of 0-5 wt.%; and

[0317] SnO2 with a content of 0-5 wt.%;

[0318] All the above contents are based on the total weight of broken glass.

[0319] Aspect 24: The method according to any one of aspects 20 to 23, any of the foregoing aspects, or any other aspect of this document, wherein the shattered glass is substantially free of Li2O.

[0320] Aspect 25: The method according to any one of aspects 20 to 24, any of the foregoing aspects, or any other aspect of this document, wherein the raw material comprises at least one of the following:

[0321] SiO2;

[0322] Na2CO3; and

[0323] Al2O3.

[0324] Aspect 26: The method according to any one of Aspects 20 to 25, any of the foregoing aspects, or any other aspect of this document, wherein:

[0325] The shattered glass comprises less than 0.1 wt.% Na₂O by weight of the total shattered glass; and

[0326] The composition comprises at least 5 wt.% Na2CO3 based on the total weight of the composition.

[0327] Aspect 27: The method according to any one of aspects 20 to 26, any of the foregoing aspects, or any other aspect herein, wherein the composition comprises:

[0328] The composition comprises 70-90 wt.% cullet based on the total weight of the composition; and

[0329] Raw materials, including at least one of the following:

[0330] Na₂CO₃ with a content of 8-15 wt.%;

[0331] SiO2 with a content of 0-20 wt.%; and

[0332] Al2O3 with a content of 0-10 wt.%;

[0333] All the above contents are based on the total weight of the composition.

[0334] Aspect 28: A composition comprising:

[0335] Crushed glass comprising at least 50 wt.% of the material; and

[0336] Raw materials with a content of 50 wt.% or less;

[0337] The above contents are all based on the total weight of the composition.

[0338] The shards of glass include:

[0339] SiO2 with a content of 50-75 wt.% (e.g., 59-66 wt.%);

[0340] Al2O3 with a content of 5-30 wt.% (e.g., 16-19 wt.%);

[0341] B2O3 with a content of 1-20 wt.% (e.g., 8-13 wt.%);

[0342] CaO in a content of 1-15 wt.% (e.g., 5-10.5 wt.%); and

[0343] The above contents are all calculated based on the total weight of the broken glass; and

[0344] The raw materials mentioned above include at least one of the following:

[0345] SiO2;

[0346] Na2CO3; and

[0347] Al2O3.

[0348] Aspect 29: A composition according to aspect 28, any of the preceding aspects or any other aspect herein, wherein the amount of the chopped glass is at least 65 wt.% by weight of the total weight of the composition, and the amount of the raw material is 35 wt.% or less.

[0349] Aspect 30: A composition according to aspect 28 or 29, any of the foregoing aspects, or any other aspect herein, wherein the shattered glass further comprises:

[0350] Na₂O with a content of 0-5 wt.%;

[0351] K₂O with a content of 0-5 wt.%;

[0352] SrO with a content of 0-5 wt.%; and

[0353] SnO2 with a content of 0-5 wt.%;

[0354] All the above contents are based on the total weight of broken glass.

[0355] Aspect 31: A composition according to any one of aspects 28 to 30, any of the foregoing aspects, or any other aspect herein, wherein the shattered glass is substantially free of Li2O.

[0356] Aspect 32: A composition according to any one of aspects 28 to 31, any of the foregoing aspects, or any other aspect of this document, wherein:

[0357] The shattered glass comprises less than 0.1 wt.% Na₂O by weight of the total shattered glass; and

[0358] The composition comprises at least 5 wt.% Na2CO3 based on the total weight of the composition.

[0359] Aspect 33: A composition according to any one of aspects 28 to 32, any of the foregoing aspects, or any other aspect herein, comprising:

[0360] The composition comprises 70-90 wt.% of crushed glass based on the total weight of the composition; and

[0361] At least one of the following:

[0362] Na₂CO₃ with a content of 8-15 wt.%;

[0363] SiO2 with a content of 0-20 wt.%; and

[0364] Al2O3 with a content of 0-10 wt.%;

[0365] All the above contents are based on the total weight of the composition.

[0366] Aspect 34: A combination of any two or more of the foregoing aspects or any part thereof.

[0367] Example

[0368] The following examples illustrate non-limiting aspects of this disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure or the claims.

[0369] Example 1

[0370] This example illustrates how to use shattered glass as a recycled component in combination with raw materials to produce glass.

[0371] According to the disclosure herein, cullet with the following composition can be recycled: 50-75 wt.% (e.g., 59-66 wt.%) of SiO2; 5-30 wt.% (e.g., 16-19 wt.%) of Al2O3; 1-20 wt.% (8-13 wt.%) of B2O3; 1-15 wt.% (e.g., 5-10.5 wt.%) of CaO; less than 0.1 wt.% (e.g., about 0 wt.%) of Li2O; 0-2 wt.% (e.g., about 0 wt.%) of K2O; 0-3 wt.% (e.g., 0.1-2 wt.%) of MgO; 0-2 wt.% of SrO; and 0-2 wt.% (0-1 wt.%) of SnO2, all based on the total weight of the cullet. To illustrate the recycling of this type of glass, broken glass having composition A as shown in Table 1 below will be used for illustration.

[0372] Table 1. Composition A

[0373]

[0374] In this example, the sharded glass is produced by crushing glass having composition A to an average size of about 0.64 cm (about 0.25 inches). The sharded glass is then treated with a magnet to remove any magnetic metals (e.g., from the crushing equipment) that may be present in the sharded glass. If it is necessary or desirable to remove foreign matter, the sharded glass can then be washed.

[0375] Then, the chopped glass with composition A is combined with raw materials including SiO2, Na2CO3 and / or Al2O3 in the amounts shown in Table 2, and then mixed in a TURBULA mixer for 15 minutes.

[0376] Table 2. Mixture of sharded glass and raw materials before melting

[0377]

[0378] Table 2 (continued)

[0379]

[0380] Table 2 (continued)

[0381]

[0382] Table 2 (continued)

[0383]

[0384] Table 2 (continued)

[0385]

[0386] Table 2 (continued)

[0387]

[0388] The mixture of chopped glass and raw materials shown in Table 2 was melted at a temperature above the liquidus temperature of each resulting glass, and optionally heated to about 200 P of the temperature of each resulting glass, and then formed into glass with a thickness of 1 mm. The resulting glass has the composition and properties shown in Table 3.

[0389] Table 3. Composition and properties of glass formed from the mixtures in Table 2

[0390]

[0391] Table 3. (Continued)

[0392]

[0393] Table 3. (Continued)

[0394]

[0395] Table 3. (Continued)

[0396]

[0397] Table 3. (Continued)

[0398]

[0399] Table 3. (Continued)

[0400]

[0401] Table 3. (Continued)

[0402]

[0403] Example 2

[0404] This example illustrates the ion exchange (IOX) of certain glasses listed in Table 3, which are made from a combination of chopped glass and raw materials.

[0405] Some glasses in Table 3 underwent ion exchange with 100% KNO3 in a single-step IOX at 450°C, 500°C, or 530°C, but multiple steps and / or mixed molten salt baths were also considered. Maximum compressive stress (CS) and layer depth (DOL) were analyzed using a surface stress meter with commercially available instruments, such as the FSM-6000 manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan). The results are reported in Tables 4, 5, and 6. Due to limitations in metrological accuracy, all CS values ​​in these tables may vary by ±25 MPa, and DOL may vary by ±0.2 µm. All glasses used for IOX were 1 mm thick. The hypothetical temperatures of the glasses in these tables were reset to their corresponding 10°C. 11 Poisson temperature, used to simulate the hypothetical temperature at which fusion drawing will occur.

[0406] Table 4. CS and DOL of certain glasses in Table 3 after ion exchange at 450°C for a specified time.

[0407]

[0408] Table 4 (continued). CS and DOL of certain glasses in Table 3 after ion exchange at 450°C for a specified time period.

[0409]

[0410] Table 5. CS and DOL of certain glasses after ion exchange at 500°C for a specified time period as shown in Table 3.

[0411]

[0412] Table 6. CS and DOL of certain glasses in Table 3 after ion exchange at 530°C for a specified time period.

[0413]

[0414] As illustrated in the examples herein, in some aspects, glass can be made by adding sodium carbonate, alumina, silica, or any combination thereof to quartz glass, melting and shaping it into new glass, thus the new glass comprising recycled glass (quartz glass) as a component. The concentration of quartz glass relative to the total weight of the quartz glass and raw materials can be at least 50 wt.%, for example, at least 65 wt.%. In some aspects, sodium carbonate is added to provide Na₂O in the final glass article so that chemical strengthening by ion exchange methods is possible. In some aspects, SiO₂ is added to increase the viscosity of the glass, making it possible to form the glass using a fusion platform. In some aspects, Al₂O₃ combines with alkali metal oxides (e.g., Na₂O, etc.) present in the glass composition, increasing the glass's sensitivity to ion exchange strengthening. Furthermore, in some aspects, Al₂O₃ contributes to increasing Young's modulus, as shown in Table 3. Specifically, in some aspects, when quartz glass having composition A is used as a raw material source, B₂O₃ is not added because quartz glass having composition A contains 8-13 wt.% B₂O₃. In some respects, when using such shattered glass, the additional B2O3 may significantly reduce the glass viscosity and decrease the interionic diffusion rate during ion exchange.

[0415] It should be understood that the various disclosed aspects or embodiments may relate to specific features, elements, or steps described in connection with a particular aspect or embodiment. It should also be understood that although described with respect to a particular aspect or example, specific features, elements, or steps may be interchanged or combined with alternative aspects or embodiments in various combinations or arrangements not shown.

[0416] As used herein, when used in a list having two or more items, the term "and / or" means that any one of the listed items may be used alone, or any combination of two or more of the listed items may be used. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and / or C, then the composition may contain A alone; contain B alone; contain C alone; contain a combination of A and B; contain a combination of A and C; contain a combination of B and C; or contain a combination of A, B, and C.

[0417] While the transitional phrase “comprising” may be used to disclose various features, elements, or steps of a particular aspect or embodiment, it should be understood that this disclosure implies alternative aspects or embodiments that may be described using the transitional phrases “consisting of” or “substantially consisting of”. Thus, for example, an implicit alternative aspect or embodiment of a device comprising A+B+C includes aspects or embodiments in which the device is composed of A+B+C and aspects or embodiments in which the device is substantially composed of A+B+C.

[0418] References to the location of elements (e.g., “top,” “bottom,” “above,” “below,” “first,” “second,” etc.) herein are used only to describe the orientation of the individual elements. It should be noted that the orientation of the individual elements may differ according to other exemplary embodiments, and such variations are intended to be covered by this disclosure. Furthermore, these relational terms are used only to distinguish one entity or action from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual such relationship or order between these entities or actions.

[0419] As used herein, the terms “about,” “approximately,” “substantially,” and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning consistent with common and accepted usage by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. Those skilled in the art who have examined this disclosure will understand that these terms are intended to allow for description of certain features described and claimed, without limiting the scope of those features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Therefore, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that non-substantial or insignificant modifications or alterations to the described and claimed subject matter are considered to fall within the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

[0420] As used herein, terms such as “optional,” “optionally,” etc., are intended to mean that an event or condition subsequently described may or may not occur, and that the description includes examples of events or conditions occurring as well as examples of events or conditions not occurring. As used herein, unless otherwise stated, the indefinite article “a / an” and the corresponding definite article “the” mean “at least one” or “one or more.” It should also be understood that the various features disclosed in the specification and figures can be used in any and all combinations.

[0421] Regarding the use of virtually any plural and / or singular terms in this document, those skilled in the art can convert from plural to singular and / or from singular to plural as appropriate to the context and / or application. For clarity, various singular / plural permutations may be explicitly listed herein.

[0422] Unless otherwise stated, all compositions are expressed as a percentage by weight (wt.%). As those skilled in the art will understand, various melt components (e.g., silicon, alkali or alkali-based metals, boron, etc.) may volatilize to varying degrees during the melting process (e.g., depending on vapor pressure, melting time, and / or melting temperature). Therefore, the percentage by weight values ​​used with respect to these components are intended to cover values ​​within ±0.5 wt.% of the content of these components in the final melted article. In light of the foregoing, substantial compositional equivalence is expected between the final article and the batch composition.

[0423] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to this disclosure without departing from its spirit and scope. Since modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and variations of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and intent of this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, this disclosure should be construed as encompassing all contents within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A type of glass comprising: The content of SiO2 is 50-75 wt.%; Al2O3 with a content of 14-22 wt.%; B2O3 with a content of 7-10 wt.%; Na₂O with a content of 6-9 wt.%; CaO with a content of 5-9 wt.%; and Li₂O content less than 0.1 wt.% 2. The glass according to any of the preceding claims, comprising: The content of SiO2 is 52-64 wt.%; Al2O3 with a content of 15-18 wt.%; B2O3 with a content of 7-9 wt.%; Na₂O with a content of 6.5-8 wt.%; and The content of CaO is 5-7 wt.%.

3. The glass according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising: K₂O with a content of 0-2 wt.%; MgO with a content of 0-3 wt.%; SrO with a content of 0-2 wt.%; as well as SnO2 with a content of 0-2 wt.% 4. The glass according to any of the preceding claims, comprising at least one of the following: Young's modulus is at least 70 GPa; and The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is 70 × 10⁻⁶. -7 / ℃ or lower.

5. The glass according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the Young's modulus is less than 80 GPa.

6. The glass according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the CTE is at least 50 × 10⁻⁶. -7 / ℃.

7. The glass according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the 200 P temperature is 1750°C or lower.

8. The glass according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the strain point is at least 550°C.

9. The glass according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the liquidus temperature is 1200°C or lower.

10. The glass according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the liquidus viscosity is from 20 kP to 500 kP.

11. The glass according to any of the preceding claims, wherein, When the glass has a thickness of 1 mm and undergoes single-step ion exchange in a 100 wt.% KNO3 molten salt bath at 430-450°C, the glass reaches a maximum compressive stress of 300-600 MPa and a layer depth (DOL) of at least 8 µm within 5.5 hours.

12. The glass according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the glass is substantially free of Li2O.

13. A method for chemically strengthening a glass-based substrate, the method comprising: The glass-based substrate is subjected to ion exchange in a molten salt bath to form a glass-based article; The glass-based article mentioned above includes: The maximum compressive stress (CS) is 300-600 MPa; and Layer depth (DOL) is 5-30 µm; The glass substrate comprises the glass according to any of the preceding claims.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the ion exchange is performed for 5.5 hours or less.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the ion exchange is a single-step ion exchange.

16. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the molten salt bath comprises at least 95 wt.% KNO3 and its temperature is at least 400°C.

17. A glass-based article comprising: The maximum compressive stress (CS) is 300-600 MPa; Layer depth (DOL) is 5-30 µm; as well as The composition located at the center of the glass-based article; The composition located at the center of the glass-based article comprises the glass according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

18. A consumer electronic device comprising: The housing has a front surface, a rear surface, and side surfaces; Electronic components, at least partially disposed within the housing, including at least a controller, a memory, and a display, wherein the display is disposed on or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; as well as The cover glass positioned above the display, The portion of the housing or at least one of the cover glass comprises glass or glass-based articles according to any of the preceding claims.

19. The consumer electronic device of claim 18, wherein the consumer electronic device is a laptop computer, computer monitor, television, tablet computer, or smartphone.

20. A method for recycling glass, the method comprising: Heating the composition to form a melt, the composition comprising: Crushed glass comprising at least 50 wt.% of the material; and Raw materials with a content of 50 wt.% or less; The above contents are all based on the total weight of the composition; Wherein, when the melt is formed and cooled to form a glass substrate, the glass substrate is the glass according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the amount of the chopped glass is at least 65 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition, and the amount of the raw material is 35 wt.% or less.

22. The method of claim 20 or claim 21, wherein the broken glass comprises: The content of SiO2 is 50-75 wt.%; Al2O3 with a content of 5-30 wt.%; B2O3 with a content of 1-20 wt.%; CaO with a content of 1-15 wt.%; and Li₂O content less than 0.1 wt.%; All the above contents are based on the total weight of broken glass.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the shattered glass further comprises: Na₂O with a content of 0-5 wt.%; K₂O with a content of 0-5 wt.%; SrO with a content of 0-5 wt.%; as well as SnO2 with a content of 0-5 wt.%; All the above contents are based on the total weight of broken glass.

24. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 23, wherein the shattered glass is substantially free of Li2O.

25. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 24, wherein the raw material comprises at least one of the following: SiO2; Na2CO3; and Al2O3.

26. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 25, wherein: The shattered glass comprises less than 0.1 wt.% Na₂O by weight of the total shattered glass; and The composition comprises at least 5 wt.% Na2CO3 based on the total weight of the composition.

27. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 26, wherein the composition comprises: The composition comprises 70-90 wt.% of crushed glass based on the total weight of the composition; and Raw materials, including at least one of the following: Na₂CO₃ with a content of 8-15 wt.%; SiO2 with a content of 0-20 wt.%; and Al2O3 with a content of 0-10 wt.%; All the above contents are based on the total weight of the composition.

28. A composition comprising: Crushed glass with a content of at least 50 wt.%; as well as Raw materials with a content of 50 wt.% or less; The above contents are all based on the total weight of the composition. The shards of glass include: The content of SiO2 is 50-75 wt.%; Al2O3 with a content of 5-30 wt.%; B2O3 with a content of 1-20 wt.%; CaO with a content of 1-15 wt.%; and Li₂O content less than 0.1 wt.%; The above contents are all calculated based on the total weight of the broken glass; and The raw materials mentioned above include at least one of the following: SiO2; Na2CO3; and Al2O3.

29. The composition of claim 28, wherein the amount of the chopped glass is at least 65 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition, and the amount of the raw material is 35 wt.% or less.

30. The composition according to claim 28 or claim 29, wherein the shattered glass further comprises: Na₂O with a content of 0-5 wt.%; K₂O with a content of 0-5 wt.%; SrO with a content of 0-5 wt.%; as well as SnO2 with a content of 0-5 wt.%; All the above contents are based on the total weight of broken glass.

31. The composition according to any one of claims 28 to 30, wherein the shattered glass is substantially free of Li2O.

32. The composition according to any one of claims 28 to 31, wherein: The shattered glass comprises less than 0.1 wt.% Na₂O by weight of the total shattered glass; and The composition comprises at least 5 wt.% Na2CO3 based on the total weight of the composition.

33. The composition according to any one of claims 28 to 32, comprising: The content of the cullet is 70-90 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition; as well as At least one of the following: Na₂CO₃ with a content of 8-15 wt.%; SiO2 with a content of 0-20 wt.%; and Al2O3 with a content of 0-10 wt.%; All the above contents are based on the total weight of the composition.

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