Hydrogen explosion suppression system and method based on multi-dimensional perception and hierarchical linkage

Abstract

A hydrogen explosion suppression system and method based on multi-dimensional perception and hierarchical linkage belong to the technical field of hydrogen safety protection. The system comprises a control unit, a hydrogen concentration sensor, a spark sensor, a flame sensor, a pressure sensor, a control unit and an explosion suppression action mechanism. The control unit receives alarm signals from each sensor and controls the corresponding explosion suppression action mechanism according to the preset hierarchical linkage rules, realizing hierarchical identification and linkage explosion suppression based on multi-dimensional signals such as hydrogen concentration, spark, flame and pressure, and solving the technical problems of single hazard identification dimension, fixed explosion suppression response mode and difficult to balance response speed and explosion suppression effect in related technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen safety protection technology, specifically a hydrogen explosion suppression system and method based on multi-point sensing and hierarchical linkage. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen gas has characteristics such as low ignition energy, rapid flame propagation speed, and strong diffusion ability. In hydrogen production equipment, hydrogen storage containers, hydrogen power systems, and other related process scenarios, once a leak occurs, it can easily form a flammable gas mixture in a locally enclosed or semi-enclosed space. When ignition sources such as sparks, electric arcs, or electrostatic discharges are present in the environment, it can easily cause a combustion and explosion accident, resulting in equipment damage and personal injury.

[0003] Existing explosion suppression devices mostly employ a preset single threshold triggering mechanism, initiating the explosion suppression action when the measured value of a certain sensor exceeds a set value. However, such rigid triggering strategies are difficult to meet the differentiated protection requirements under different risk levels. In low-risk scenarios, this may cause unnecessary release of the explosion suppression medium, increasing operation and maintenance costs. In high-risk scenarios, the lack of comprehensive judgment based on multi-source information may prevent the rapid and timely suppression of the explosion's development.

[0004] Furthermore, there is a trade-off between response speed and reusability in explosion suppression mechanisms. Taking solenoid valve-controlled explosion suppression containers as an example, while their structure is simple and reusable, the solenoid valve's action time is typically tens of milliseconds or more, making it difficult to meet the millisecond-level response requirements for hydrogen explosions. Although quick-opening explosion suppression devices based on electric detonators or blasting elements can achieve millisecond-level opening, they are single-use structures, leading to high maintenance costs and long on-site recovery cycles after triggering.

[0005] Therefore, developing a hydrogen explosion suppression system that can achieve multi-dimensional perception, hierarchical judgment and differentiated triggering, while taking into account rapid response capability and reusability, and improving the reliability and engineering applicability of hydrogen combustion and explosion protection under complex working conditions, has important engineering value and practical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydrogen explosion suppression system and method based on multi-dimensional perception and hierarchical linkage. By acquiring multi-dimensional signals from hydrogen concentration sensors, spark sensors, flame sensors, and pressure sensors, and controlling explosion suppression measures in a hierarchical manner according to a set logic, this invention solves the problems of single hazard identification dimensions, fixed explosion suppression response methods, and difficulty in balancing response speed and explosion suppression effect in existing technologies.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: a working method for a hydrogen explosion suppression system based on multi-dimensional sensing and hierarchical linkage, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Start the hydrogen concentration sensor, spark sensor, flame sensor, and pressure sensor to collect data and monitor the environment in real time.

[0009] S2, The hydrogen concentration alarm signal X1 of the hydrogen concentration sensor is defined using a joint criterion of absolute concentration threshold and concentration rise rate threshold:

[0010]

[0011] Where C is the current integral concentration of hydrogen gas, C th V is the hydrogen concentration alarm threshold. k V represents the rate of increase in hydrogen concentration. th The alarm threshold for the rate of increase in hydrogen concentration; C th The concentration alarm threshold is adjusted based on the ambient temperature; the lower explosive limit of hydrogen is linearly related to the ambient temperature. C th Represented as:

[0012] in, T k The ambient temperature is in °C. λ j Alarm safety factor;

[0013] The rate of increase of hydrogen concentration V k For early warning of hydrogen leaks, the average rate of change within a sliding time window is used for calculation, expressed as:

[0014]

[0015] Among them, C k Let be the integral concentration of hydrogen gas at the k-th sampling time, Δt be the sampling period, and n be the sliding window length; Considering the effects of temperature and ventilation on the rate of increase of hydrogen concentration, a threshold for the rate of increase of hydrogen concentration is set. V th Corrections are made; the threshold for the rate of increase in hydrogen concentration is... V th At ambient temperature over time τ 0 The concentration alarm threshold was reached. C th Based on the criterion, the threshold for the rate of increase of hydrogen concentration V th for:

[0016] in, VFor the volume of the protected space, m 3 ; Q Ventilation flow rate, m 3 / s;

[0017] S3, the spark sensor, flame sensor, and pressure sensor output sampled values ​​in real time. When the sampled value exceeds a set threshold, an alarm signal is output. The alarm signal is represented as follows:

[0018]

[0019] Where X2 represents the spark sensor alarm signal; X3 represents the flame sensor alarm signal; and X4 represents the pressure sensor alarm signal.

[0020] S4. Based on hydrogen concentration alarm signals, concentration rise rate alarm signals, spark signals, flame signals, and pressure signals, the hydrogen leakage and explosion stages are assessed. Different stages of hydrogen explosion are represented by system risk levels. The overall scoring function of the hydrogen explosion suppression system based on multi-dimensional perception and graded linkage is defined as follows:

[0021] The system risk level function is defined as follows:

[0022]

[0023] in:

[0024] G =0 indicates that the system is operating normally and is in a stage where there is no risk of hydrogen combustion or explosion. G =1 indicates that the system is in a stage of leakage accumulation or has a risk of combustion and explosion, which is a level 1 warning state; G =2 indicates that the system is in the initial stage of ignition or combustion and explosion, which is a level 2 warning state; G =3 indicates that the system is in the hydrogen combustion and explosion acceleration stage, which is a level three warning state;

[0025] S5, the action functions of the three explosion suppression mechanisms are expressed as follows:

[0026]

[0027]

[0028]

[0029] Wherein, T1, T2, and T3 represent the operating states of the first explosion suppression mechanism, the second explosion suppression mechanism, and the third explosion suppression mechanism, respectively.

[0030] Furthermore, when G > 0, the audible and visual alarm module is activated and outputs alarm information; the status display module displays the current total score, linkage level, and explosion suppression mechanism action status; the data recording module records sensor data, control output, and action time before and after the event for data analysis and accident tracing; and the communication module transmits data with the remote terminal.

[0031] A hydrogen explosion suppression system based on multi-dimensional sensing and hierarchical linkage, the system being used to implement the method described above;

[0032] The system includes: a control unit, a hydrogen concentration sensor, a spark sensor, a flame sensor, a pressure sensor, an explosion suppression mechanism, and auxiliary modules;

[0033] The control unit is electrically connected to the hydrogen concentration sensor, spark sensor, flame sensor, pressure sensor, explosion suppression mechanism, and auxiliary module, respectively.

[0034] The hydrogen concentration sensor is used to monitor the hydrogen concentration in the protected environment.

[0035] The spark sensor is used to detect spark-type ignition source signals that occur in the protected environment.

[0036] The flame sensor is an ultraviolet flame sensor used to detect hydrogen flame signals;

[0037] The pressure sensor is used to detect pressure change signals when an explosion occurs;

[0038] The auxiliary module is used for audible and visual alarms, status display, and data recording.

[0039] The explosion suppression mechanism includes a first explosion suppression mechanism, a second explosion suppression mechanism, and a third explosion suppression mechanism:

[0040] The first explosion suppression mechanism is a solenoid valve-operated explosion suppression canister filled with high-pressure (5 MPa) inert gas; the second explosion suppression mechanism is a quick-opening explosion suppression canister filled with high-pressure (5 MPa) inert gas; and the third explosion suppression mechanism is a quick-opening explosion suppression canister filled with solid / liquid explosion suppression material.

[0041] The control unit is used to receive feedback signals from each sensor and control the first explosion suppression mechanism, the second explosion suppression mechanism and the third explosion suppression mechanism to operate in different combinations according to preset hierarchical linkage rules.

[0042] Furthermore, the first explosion suppression mechanism is activated by a solenoid valve;

[0043] The second explosion suppression mechanism achieves rapid release by opening the starting pin through an electrically triggered quick-opening mechanism;

[0044] The third explosion suppression mechanism achieves rapid release by opening the starting pin through an electrically triggered quick-opening mechanism.

[0045] Furthermore, the control unit is equipped with sensor signal scoring logic, which receives alarm signals output by each sensor and calculates the risk level according to the scoring function.

[0046] Furthermore, the hydrogen concentration sensor outputs an alarm signal when the current hydrogen concentration is greater than or equal to a preset concentration threshold, or when the hydrogen concentration rise rate is greater than or equal to a preset rise rate threshold.

[0047] Furthermore, the solid / liquid explosion suppression material is a solid explosion suppression powder or a liquid explosion suppression medium that suppresses the combustion or explosion propagation of hydrogen.

[0048] Furthermore, the second and third explosion suppression mechanisms are respectively connected to the injection port, which is adjusted via an adjustable connector to allow for injection direction adjustment.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0050] 1. This invention uses multi-dimensional signals such as hydrogen concentration, hydrogen concentration rise rate, spark, flame and pressure for comprehensive sensing, which can cover different stages such as hydrogen leakage, rapid accumulation, ignition, combustion and explosion development, thus improving the completeness and foresight of hazard identification.

[0051] 2. This invention uses a graded linkage logic based on sensor alarm signals to sequentially call different types of explosion suppression mechanisms according to the degree of danger, thereby achieving a gradient response and avoiding premature activation of high-efficiency explosion suppression materials under low-risk conditions, thus balancing the explosion suppression effect with post-processing costs.

[0052] 3. In this invention, the first explosion suppression mechanism is reusable and easy to maintain, the second explosion suppression mechanism opens quickly and causes less damage to the protected object, and the third explosion suppression mechanism has strong explosion suppression capability. The three mechanisms work together to simultaneously ensure ease of maintenance, response speed and efficient explosion suppression capability.

[0053] 4. This invention introduces a consistency verification and data recording module, which enhances the system's adaptability to complex working conditions and abnormal signals.

[0054] 5. This invention can improve engineering adaptability through adjustable nozzles and detachable installation, making it suitable for application in hydrogen production equipment cabins, hydrogen storage cabinets, hydrogen power cabins, experimental device enclosures, and other localized space scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hydrogen explosion suppression system based on multi-dimensional sensing and hierarchical linkage as described in this invention.

[0056] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the determination process described in this invention.

[0057] Figure 3 This is the risk classification logic diagram described in this invention.

[0058] Reference numerals: 1-Control unit; 2-Hydrogen concentration sensor; 3-Spark sensor; 4-Flame sensor; 5-Pressure sensor; 6-First explosion suppression mechanism; 7-Second explosion suppression mechanism; 8-Third explosion suppression mechanism; 9-Audible and visual alarm module; 10-Status display module; 11-Data recording module; 12-Communication module; 13-Injection interface; 14-Adjustable connector; 15-Mounting bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] A hydrogen explosion suppression system based on multi-dimensional sensing and hierarchical linkage includes a control unit, a hydrogen concentration sensor, a spark sensor, a flame sensor, a pressure sensor, an explosion suppression mechanism, and auxiliary modules.

[0061] The control unit is connected to the hydrogen concentration sensor, spark sensor, flame sensor, pressure sensor, and explosion suppression mechanism, respectively, and is used to collect signals from each sensor, calculate rates, and convert alarm variables.

[0062] Hydrogen concentration sensors are used to monitor the hydrogen concentration in a protected environment.

[0063] Spark sensors are used to detect spark-like ignition source signals that occur in the protected environment.

[0064] The flame sensor is an ultraviolet flame sensor used to detect hydrogen flame signals.

[0065] Pressure sensors are used to detect pressure changes during an explosion.

[0066] The auxiliary module includes audible and visual alarms, status display, and data logging functions.

[0067] The explosion suppression mechanisms include:

[0068] The first explosion suppression mechanism is a solenoid valve-operated explosion suppression tank, which is filled with high-pressure inert gas and is controlled to open by a solenoid valve.

[0069] The second explosion suppression mechanism is a quick-opening explosion suppression tank, which is filled with high-pressure inert gas. It is opened by an electrically triggered quick-opening mechanism to achieve rapid release.

[0070] The third explosion suppression mechanism is a quick-opening explosion suppression tank, which is filled with solid / liquid explosion suppression materials. It is opened by an electrically triggered quick-opening mechanism to achieve rapid release.

[0071] In some specific embodiments, the third explosion suppression mechanism can be connected to a spray port, which can be configured as a gas nozzle, a liquid nozzle, or a solid-liquid two-phase composite nozzle. The spray direction can be changed via an adjustable connector to adapt to key protection areas in different protected spaces. This type of adjustable nozzle and detachable arrangement enhances the system's applicability in various scenarios.

[0072] In some specific embodiments, the first explosion suppression mechanism, the second explosion suppression mechanism, and the third explosion suppression mechanism are configured as detachable installation structures, which can be installed around different protected objects via mounting plates, brackets, and guide rails, thereby enabling position adjustment and maintenance replacement.

[0073] In some specific embodiments, the control unit provided by the present invention is equipped with sensor signal scoring logic, and performs corresponding explosion suppression linkage control according to the risk level. The first explosion suppression action mechanism, the second explosion suppression action mechanism and the third explosion suppression action mechanism operate in different combinations.

[0074] In some specific implementations, in addition to the signal processing and decision-making units described above, the control unit also includes a consistency verification module, used to compare the temporal and physical consistency of signals from multiple sensors. When a significant contradiction is detected in the sensor outputs, the control system enters a conservative linkage mode and prioritizes the execution of a higher-level safety action based on the most reliable signal.

[0075] In some specific implementations, the audible and visual alarm module in the auxiliary module is used to output alarm information when any sensor alarms or any explosion suppression mechanism is activated; the status display module is used to display the current total score, linkage level, and explosion suppression mechanism activation status; and the data recording module is used to record sensor data, control output, and activation time before and after the event.

[0076] In some specific embodiments, the hydrogen concentration sensor is placed in the area where hydrogen is likely to accumulate within the protected space, the spark sensor is placed in the area of ​​potential ignition sources, the flame sensor is placed in the area where flames are likely to occur, and the pressure sensor is placed in the area sensitive to pressure changes.

[0077] In some specific implementations, multiple hydrogen concentration sensors, spark sensors, flame sensors, and pressure sensors can be arranged, and each sensor can output an alarm signal, but each type of sensor is only calculated once when calculating the overall system score function.

[0078] In some specific embodiments, the explosion suppression material stored in the third explosion suppression mechanism is a solid explosion suppression powder, a liquid explosion suppression medium, or a combination thereof suitable for suppressing hydrogen combustion and explosion propagation.

[0079] In some specific embodiments, the system of the present invention can be connected to an experimental verification platform to perform parameter calibration and performance verification of the hydrogen explosion suppression system under different ignition positions, different injection angles, and different obstacle distributions. Example 1

[0080] like Figure 1 As shown, a hydrogen explosion suppression system based on multi-dimensional sensing and hierarchical linkage includes a control unit 1, a hydrogen concentration sensor 2, a spark sensor 3, a flame sensor 4, a pressure sensor 5, a first explosion suppression mechanism 6, a second explosion suppression mechanism 7, and a third explosion suppression mechanism 8. The control unit 1 includes an audible and visual alarm module 9, a status display module 10, a data recording module 11, and a communication module 12 connected together.

[0081] Hydrogen concentration sensor 2 is installed in a location within the protected space where hydrogen is likely to accumulate. It is used to monitor changes in hydrogen concentration in the environment in real time and to calculate the rate of increase in hydrogen concentration. Spark sensor 3 is installed near locations prone to sparks, arcs, or discharges to identify ignition source signals. Flame sensor 4 is an ultraviolet flame sensor used to identify hydrogen flames. Pressure sensor 5 is installed at a pressure-sensitive location within the protected space to identify sudden pressure changes during combustion.

[0082] The first explosion suppression mechanism 6 is a solenoid valve that opens the inert gas explosion suppression container, which stores inert gas. After the control unit 1 outputs a control signal to it, the solenoid valve opens, releasing the inert gas into the protected space. The first explosion suppression mechanism 6 is reusable, easy to maintain, and suitable for explosion protection in low-hazard scenarios.

[0083] The second explosion suppression mechanism 7 is a quick-opening inert gas explosion suppression container, which stores inert gas and is equipped with an electrically triggered quick-opening mechanism. After the control unit 1 outputs a trigger signal to the electrically triggered quick-opening mechanism, the starting pin is quickly opened, thereby rapidly releasing the inert gas.

[0084] The third explosion suppression mechanism 8 is a quick-opening high-efficiency explosion suppression material container, which stores solid or liquid high-efficiency explosion suppression material and is equipped with an electrically triggered quick-opening mechanism. After the control unit 1 outputs a trigger signal, the starting pin is quickly opened, and the high-efficiency explosion suppression material is released into the protected space to enhance the suppression effect on hydrogen combustion or explosion propagation.

[0085] The second and third explosion suppression mechanisms 7 and 8 are respectively connected to the injection port 13, which is mounted on the mounting bracket 15 via an adjustable connector 14. The injection port 13 can be configured as a gas nozzle, liquid nozzle, or solid-liquid two-phase composite nozzle according to protection requirements, and the injection direction can be changed via the adjustable connector 14. This structure allows the explosion suppression medium to preferentially act on the key protected area.

[0086] The risk level assessment process is as follows:

[0087] X1 indicates a hydrogen concentration alarm signal;

[0088] X2 indicates a spark sensor alarm signal;

[0089] X3 indicates a flame sensor alarm signal;

[0090] X4 indicates a pressure sensor alarm signal.

[0091] The hydrogen concentration alarm signal X1 uses a combined criterion of absolute concentration threshold and concentration rise rate threshold, defined as follows:

[0092]

[0093] Where C is the current integral concentration of hydrogen gas, C th V is the hydrogen concentration alarm threshold. k V represents the rate of increase in hydrogen concentration. th This represents the alarm threshold for the rate of increase in hydrogen concentration. The lower explosive limit of hydrogen decreases with increasing ambient temperature; therefore, using a fixed alarm threshold would underestimate the risk of a hydrogen explosion. Experiments have shown a linear correlation between the lower explosive limit of hydrogen and ambient temperature. C th The concentration alarm threshold is adjusted based on the ambient temperature, expressed as follows:

[0094] in T k The ambient temperature is in °C. λ j The alarm safety factor should be set according to actual needs; the default setting is 0.1.

[0095] The rate of increase in hydrogen concentration is used for early warning of hydrogen leaks. It is calculated using the average rate of change over a sliding time window and is expressed as follows:

[0096]

[0097] Where C k V represents the integral concentration of hydrogen gas at the k-th sampling time, Δt is the sampling period (default setting is 0.2 s), n is the sliding window length (default setting is 3), and V kThis represents the average rate of increase in concentration at the current moment.

[0098] Considering the effects of temperature and ventilation on the rate of increase in hydrogen concentration, by setting a threshold... V th The system was modified to maintain early warning capabilities for abnormal leaks even under ventilated conditions. The hydrogen concentration rise rate threshold was also adjusted. V th At ambient temperature over time τ 0 The concentration alarm threshold was reached. C th Based on the fundamental criterion, the threshold for the rate of increase of hydrogen concentration when there is no ventilation in the environment. V th for:

[0099] When the space ventilation flow rate is Q At that time, the change in hydrogen concentration in the space satisfies:

[0100] The hydrogen leakage rate can be expressed as:

[0101] The hydrogen concentration in space at time t is:

[0102] Maintain the same leakage flow rate as when there is no ventilation, when there is ventilation. τ 0 The rate of increase in hydrogen concentration at time t is:

[0103] in, V For the volume of the protected space, m 3 ; Q Ventilation flow rate, m 3 / s. Set this concentration as the hydrogen concentration rise rate threshold. V th The expression is:

[0104] Furthermore, when V k ≥V th When the preset number of samplings is maintained, the alarm for the rate of increase in hydrogen concentration is determined. The default preset number of samplings is 3.

[0105] Spark sensor 3, flame sensor 4 and pressure sensor 5 output sampled values ​​in real time. When the sampled value is greater than the set threshold, an alarm signal is output. The response time is less than 5 ms.

[0106] An alarm signal can be represented as:

[0107]

[0108] The assessment of hydrogen leakage and explosion stages is based on hydrogen concentration alarm signals, concentration rise rate alarm signals, spark signals, flame signals, and pressure signals. Different stages of hydrogen explosion are represented by system risk levels.

[0109] The system's overall score function is defined as follows:

[0110] The system risk level function is defined as follows:

[0111]

[0112] in:

[0113] G =0 indicates that the system is operating normally and is in a stage where there is no risk of hydrogen combustion or explosion. G =1 indicates that the system is in a stage of leakage accumulation or has a risk of combustion and explosion, which is a level 1 warning state; G =2 indicates that the system is in the initial stage of ignition or combustion and explosion, which is a level 2 warning state; G =3 indicates that the system is in the hydrogen combustion and explosion acceleration stage, which is a level three warning state;

[0114] Furthermore, the action functions of the three explosion suppression mechanisms are expressed as follows:

[0115]

[0116]

[0117]

[0118] Wherein, T1, T2, and T3 represent the operating states of the first explosion suppression mechanism, the second explosion suppression mechanism, and the third explosion suppression mechanism, respectively.

[0119] When G > 0, the audible and visual alarm module 9 is activated and outputs alarm information. The status display module 10 displays the current total score, linkage level, and explosion suppression mechanism operation status. The data recording module 11 records sensor data, control outputs, and action times before and after the event for data analysis and accident tracing. The communication module 12 can transmit data with a remote terminal.

[0120] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A working method for a hydrogen explosion suppression system based on multi-dimensional sensing and hierarchical linkage, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Start the hydrogen concentration sensor, spark sensor, flame sensor, and pressure sensor to collect data and monitor the environment in real time. S2, The hydrogen concentration alarm signal X1 of the hydrogen concentration sensor is defined using a joint criterion of absolute concentration threshold and concentration rise rate threshold: ； Where C is the current integral concentration of hydrogen gas, C th V is the hydrogen concentration alarm threshold. k V represents the rate of increase in hydrogen concentration. th The alarm threshold for the rate of increase in hydrogen concentration; C th The concentration alarm threshold is adjusted based on the ambient temperature; the lower explosive limit of hydrogen is linearly related to the ambient temperature. C th Represented as: ； in, T k The ambient temperature is in °C. λ j Alarm safety factor; The rate of increase of hydrogen concentration V k For early warning of hydrogen leaks, the average rate of change within a sliding time window is used for calculation, expressed as: ； Among them, C k Let be the integral concentration of hydrogen gas at the k-th sampling time, Δt be the sampling period, and n be the sliding window length; Considering the effects of temperature and ventilation on the rate of increase of hydrogen concentration, a threshold for the rate of increase of hydrogen concentration is set. V th Corrections are made; the threshold for the rate of increase in hydrogen concentration is... V th At ambient temperature over time τ 0 The concentration alarm threshold was reached. C th Based on the criterion, the threshold for the rate of increase of hydrogen concentration V th for: ； in, V For the volume of the protected space, m 3 ; Q Ventilation flow rate, m 3 / s; S3, the spark sensor, flame sensor, and pressure sensor output sampled values ​​in real time. When the sampled value exceeds a set threshold, an alarm signal is output. The alarm signal is represented as follows: ； Where X2 represents the spark sensor alarm signal; X3 represents the flame sensor alarm signal; and X4 represents the pressure sensor alarm signal. S4. Based on hydrogen concentration alarm signals, concentration rise rate alarm signals, spark signals, flame signals, and pressure signals, the hydrogen leakage and explosion stages are assessed. Different stages of hydrogen explosion are represented by system risk levels. The overall scoring function of the hydrogen explosion suppression system based on multi-dimensional perception and graded linkage is defined as follows: ; The system risk level function is defined as follows: ； in: G=0 indicates that the system is operating normally and is in a stage where there is no risk of hydrogen combustion or explosion. G=1 indicates that the system is in a stage of leakage accumulation or has a risk of combustion and explosion, which is a level 1 warning state; G=2 indicates that the system is in the initial stage of ignition or combustion and explosion, which is a level 2 warning state; G=3 indicates that the system is in the hydrogen combustion and explosion acceleration stage, which is a level three warning state; S5. Different explosion suppression mechanism action strategies are adopted for different stages of hydrogen combustion and explosion. The action functions of the three explosion suppression mechanisms are expressed as follows: ； ； ； Wherein, T1, T2, and T3 represent the operating states of the first explosion suppression mechanism, the second explosion suppression mechanism, and the third explosion suppression mechanism, respectively.

2. The working method of a hydrogen explosion suppression system based on multi-dimensional sensing and hierarchical linkage according to claim 1, characterized in that: When G > 0, the audible and visual alarm module is activated and outputs alarm information; the status display module displays the current total score, linkage level, and explosion suppression mechanism action status; the data recording module records sensor data, control output, and action time before and after the event for data analysis and accident tracing. The communication module transmits data with the remote terminal.

3. A hydrogen explosion suppression system based on multi-dimensional sensing and hierarchical linkage, characterized in that, This system is used to implement the method described in any one of claims 1-2; The system includes: a control unit, a hydrogen concentration sensor, a spark sensor, a flame sensor, a pressure sensor, an explosion suppression mechanism, and auxiliary modules; The control unit is electrically connected to the hydrogen concentration sensor, spark sensor, flame sensor, pressure sensor, explosion suppression mechanism, and auxiliary module, respectively. The hydrogen concentration sensor is used to monitor the hydrogen concentration in the protected environment. The spark sensor is used to detect spark-type ignition source signals that occur in the protected environment. The flame sensor is an ultraviolet flame sensor used to detect hydrogen flame signals; The pressure sensor is used to detect pressure change signals when an explosion occurs; The auxiliary module is used for audible and visual alarms, status display, and data recording. The explosion suppression mechanism includes a first explosion suppression mechanism, a second explosion suppression mechanism, and a third explosion suppression mechanism: The first explosion suppression mechanism is a solenoid valve-operated explosion suppression canister filled with 5 MPa inert gas; the second explosion suppression mechanism is a quick-opening explosion suppression canister filled with 5 MPa inert gas; and the third explosion suppression mechanism is a quick-opening explosion suppression canister filled with solid / liquid explosion suppression material. The control unit is used to receive feedback signals from each sensor and control the first explosion suppression mechanism, the second explosion suppression mechanism and the third explosion suppression mechanism to operate in different combinations according to preset hierarchical linkage rules.

4. A hydrogen explosion suppression system based on multi-dimensional sensing and hierarchical linkage according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first explosion suppression mechanism is activated by a solenoid valve. The second explosion suppression mechanism achieves rapid release by opening the starting pin through an electrically triggered quick-opening mechanism; The third explosion suppression mechanism achieves rapid release by opening the starting pin through an electrically triggered quick-opening mechanism.

5. A hydrogen explosion suppression system based on multi-dimensional sensing and hierarchical linkage according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control unit is equipped with sensor signal scoring logic, which receives alarm signals output by each sensor and calculates the risk level according to the scoring function.

6. A hydrogen explosion suppression system based on multi-dimensional sensing and hierarchical linkage according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hydrogen concentration sensor outputs an alarm signal when the current hydrogen concentration is greater than or equal to a preset concentration threshold, or when the rate of increase of the hydrogen concentration is greater than or equal to a preset rate of increase threshold.

7. A hydrogen explosion suppression system based on multi-dimensional sensing and hierarchical linkage according to claim 3, characterized in that, The solid / liquid explosion suppression material is a solid explosion suppression powder or a liquid explosion suppression medium that suppresses the combustion or explosion propagation of hydrogen.

8. A hydrogen explosion suppression system based on multi-dimensional sensing and hierarchical linkage according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second and third explosion suppression mechanisms are respectively connected to the injection port, which is mounted on the mounting bracket via an adjustable connector to achieve injection direction adjustment.

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