Photovoltaic module cleaning system and method based on multi-frequency sound wave resonance

Abstract

This invention provides a photovoltaic module cleaning system and method based on multi-band acoustic wave resonance, relating to the field of photovoltaic power generation cleaning technology. The system includes an acoustic wave generating array, an infrared thermal imager, a microphone array, and a controller. The acoustic wave generating array, infrared thermal imager, and microphone array are all electrically connected to the controller. The infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the temperature distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic module, and the microphone array is used to monitor the acoustic wave distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic module. The controller controls the acoustic wave generating array to emit multi-band acoustic waves with frequencies ranging from low to high onto the surface of the photovoltaic module to excite dust particles of different sizes on the surface of the photovoltaic module to resonate. The controller also controls the acoustic wave parameters of the multi-band acoustic waves according to the temperature distribution and / or acoustic wave distribution. Based on the principle of multi-band acoustic wave resonance, this invention can achieve efficient, non-destructive, and zero-water-consumption cleaning of photovoltaic modules, reducing the operation and maintenance costs of photovoltaic power plants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation clean technology, specifically to a photovoltaic module cleaning system and method based on multi-band acoustic resonance. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic modules are typically installed outdoors and exposed to the natural environment for extended periods, inevitably accumulating dust, dirt, and other contaminants on their surfaces. These contaminants not only affect the light transmittance of the photovoltaic modules, reducing their power generation efficiency, but may also negatively impact their lifespan.

[0003] The three most common methods for cleaning photovoltaic modules are as follows: 1. Water washing method. The water washing process for cleaning photovoltaic modules consumes a large amount of water resources, resulting in unnecessary waste and hindering the achievement of sustainable development goals. Furthermore, in arid regions where water resources are scarce, using water washing to clean photovoltaic modules to ensure the operation of photovoltaic power plants will put significant pressure on local water resources.

[0004] 2. Mechanical Cleaning Methods. During the cleaning of photovoltaic modules, mechanical devices such as brushes come into direct contact with the glass surface, easily causing wear and scratches on the glass surface coating. The wear rate can even exceed 3% per year, which not only affects the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic modules but also shortens their lifespan. At the same time, dust easily accumulates in hard-to-reach areas such as the frame of the photovoltaic modules, forming shadow areas that reduce power generation efficiency, thus affecting the overall power generation.

[0005] 3. Manual Cleaning. The cost of manual cleaning of photovoltaic modules is high per operation, and the high frequency of cleaning leads to persistently high long-term operating costs. Furthermore, manual cleaning is limited by manpower and time, making it difficult to achieve high-frequency and rapid cleaning, thus affecting the operating efficiency and power generation of photovoltaic power plants.

[0006] Therefore, given the numerous problems associated with traditional photovoltaic module cleaning methods, such as resource consumption, equipment damage, and operating costs, there is an urgent need to provide a more efficient and environmentally friendly cleaning method to address the cleaning issues of photovoltaic modules, thereby improving the overall performance and sustainability of photovoltaic power plants. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a photovoltaic module cleaning system and method based on multi-band acoustic resonance. Based on the principle of multi-band acoustic resonance, it can achieve efficient, non-destructive, and zero-water-consumption cleaning of photovoltaic modules, thereby reducing the operation and maintenance costs of photovoltaic power plants.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic wave resonance, comprising an acoustic wave generating array, an infrared thermal imager, a microphone array, and a controller, wherein the acoustic wave generating array, the infrared thermal imager, and the microphone array are all electrically connected to the controller; the infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the temperature distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic module, and the microphone array is used to monitor the acoustic wave distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic module. The controller is used to control the acoustic wave generating array to emit multi-band acoustic waves with frequencies ranging from low to high onto the surface of the photovoltaic module, so as to excite dust particles of different sizes on the surface of the photovoltaic module to resonate; and to control the acoustic wave parameters of the multi-band acoustic waves according to the temperature distribution and / or acoustic wave distribution.

[0009] According to the present invention, a photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic wave resonance is provided, wherein the acoustic wave generating array includes multiple piezoelectric ceramic units arranged in an array.

[0010] According to the present invention, a photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic wave resonance is provided, wherein the frequency response range of the acoustic wave generating array is 20Hz-20kHz. According to the photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance provided by the present invention, the controller is further used for: Calculate the local temperature difference based on the temperature distribution; When the local temperature difference exceeds the preset temperature threshold, the sound wave generating array is controlled to reduce its output power. According to the photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance provided by the present invention, the controller is further used for: Record the location of local areas where the local temperature difference is greater than a preset temperature threshold; In subsequent cleaning processes, the acoustic wave generating array is controlled to increase the number of frequency sweeps or the dwell time in local areas.

[0011] According to the present invention, a photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance is provided. The system further includes a power amplifier; the power amplifier is electrically connected to a controller and is used to drive an acoustic wave generating array; the controller adjusts the output power and acoustic parameters of the acoustic wave generating array by controlling the power amplifier. According to the present invention, a photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance has the following characteristics: when the dust particle size on the surface of the photovoltaic module is less than 10 μm, the response frequency band of the acoustic wave generating array is 15 kHz-20 kHz; when the dust particle size on the surface of the photovoltaic module is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than 50 μm, the response frequency band of the acoustic wave generating array is 5 kHz-10 kHz; when the dust particle size on the surface of the photovoltaic module is greater than or equal to 50 μm and less than 100 μm, the response frequency band of the acoustic wave generating array is 1 kHz-5 kHz; and when the dust particle size on the surface of the photovoltaic module is greater than 100 μm, the response frequency band of the acoustic wave generating array is 200 Hz-1 kHz. According to the photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance provided by the present invention, the controller is further used for: Control the acoustic wave generating array to emit test signals; Based on the sound wave distribution of the test signal monitored by the microphone array on the surface of the photovoltaic module, a sound pressure level distribution map is plotted. According to the present invention, a photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance is provided, wherein the acoustic parameters include acoustic frequency and acoustic amplitude. Secondly, the present invention provides a photovoltaic module cleaning method based on multi-band acoustic resonance, employing the photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance of the first aspect, the method comprising: Infrared thermal imagers monitor the temperature distribution on the surface of photovoltaic modules, while microphone arrays monitor the sound wave distribution on the surface of photovoltaic modules. The controller controls the acoustic wave generating array to emit multi-band acoustic waves with frequencies ranging from low to high onto the surface of the photovoltaic module, so as to excite dust particles of different sizes on the surface of the photovoltaic module to resonate; and controls the acoustic wave parameters of the multi-band acoustic waves according to the temperature distribution and / or acoustic wave distribution.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following technical effects: 1. High-efficiency cleaning capability: This system employs precise resonance excitation technology, adjusting the sound wave frequency according to dust particles of different sizes to achieve precise resonance excitation, thereby efficiently removing dust particles of various sizes. This targeted cleaning method significantly improves cleaning efficiency and ensures that the surface of the photovoltaic modules maintains high light transmittance.

[0013] 2. Intelligent and Adaptive Control: The system monitors the temperature distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic modules using an infrared thermal imager and the sound wave distribution on the same surface using a microphone array. Based on this real-time monitoring data, the system can adaptively adjust the acoustic parameters of multi-band sound waves to adapt to different environmental conditions and dust characteristics. This adaptive control strategy ensures the intelligence and efficiency of the cleaning process.

[0014] 3. Non-destructive cleaning: This system employs non-contact sonic cleaning technology, which, unlike traditional mechanical cleaning methods, avoids any mechanical damage to the photovoltaic module surface, such as wear and scratches, thereby extending the lifespan of the photovoltaic modules. Furthermore, through temperature monitoring and sound pressure level control, it effectively prevents damage to the photovoltaic modules caused by overheating or excessively high sound pressure, further protecting the integrity of the photovoltaic modules.

[0015] 4. Water-saving and environmentally friendly: This system employs dry cleaning technology, eliminating the need for water resources, making it particularly suitable for arid and water-scarce regions. This not only reduces operating costs but also minimizes pressure on local water resources, aligning with the principles of sustainable development. Compared to traditional water-based cleaning methods, this system avoids water waste associated with cleaning photovoltaic modules, contributing to environmental protection.

[0016] 5. Low operating costs: The system is highly automated and intelligent, requiring minimal human intervention and significantly reducing manual cleaning costs. By precisely controlling the sound wave frequency and power, the system can reduce energy consumption while ensuring effective cleaning.

[0017] 6. High adaptability: The system is adaptable to multiple environments, and can operate stably in high-temperature, low-temperature, dry, or humid environments. Its adaptive control strategy enables it to adapt to various complex environmental conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic wave resonance of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the acoustic wave generating array of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0021] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0022] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance, which can achieve efficient, non-destructive, and zero-water-consumption cleaning of photovoltaic modules, reducing the operation and maintenance costs of photovoltaic power plants. It is particularly suitable for cleaning photovoltaic modules in arid regions, especially in windy and dusty environments such as deserts and Gobi. The photovoltaic module cleaning system includes an acoustic wave generating array, an infrared thermal imager, a microphone array, and a controller. The acoustic wave generating array, infrared thermal imager, and microphone array are all electrically connected to the controller. The infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the temperature distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic module, and the microphone array is used to monitor the acoustic wave distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic module. The controller controls the acoustic wave generating array to emit multi-band acoustic waves with frequencies ranging from low to high onto the surface of the photovoltaic module to excite dust particles of different sizes on the surface of the photovoltaic module to resonate. The controller also controls the acoustic parameters (sound wave frequency and sound wave amplitude) of the multi-band acoustic waves according to the temperature distribution and / or sound wave distribution.

[0023] The photovoltaic module cleaning system of this invention provides an efficient, reliable and sustainable solution for the cleaning and maintenance of photovoltaic power plants through its high-efficiency cleaning capabilities, intelligent and adaptive control, non-destructive cleaning, water conservation and environmental protection, low operating costs, and strong environmental adaptability.

[0024] It should be noted that this invention is based on the acoustic-dust resonance stripping mechanism. By using multi-band acoustic waves to resonate with dust particles of different sizes on the surface of photovoltaic modules, the dust gains sufficient acceleration to overcome its adhesion to the surface of photovoltaic modules, thereby achieving the stripping and removal of dust.

[0025] The working principle of this invention is as follows: It matches the resonant frequencies of dust particles with different sizes (e.g., 5μm-300μm) through a wide-band scanning (e.g., 20Hz-20kHz). When the sound wave frequency matches the dust's resonant frequency, the dust achieves maximum acceleration. When this maximum acceleration exceeds the critical abrasion acceleration... ( The adhesion coefficient, When the acceleration is due to gravity, dust detaches from the surface of the photovoltaic module.

[0026] Specifically, the photovoltaic modules of this invention are installed in desert or Gobi areas. Due to the constant erosion by wind and sand, dust easily adheres to the surface of the photovoltaic modules, mainly consisting of fine sand (generally between 62.5 micrometers and 250 micrometers in diameter). In the cleaning system of this invention, a multi-band sound wave with a frequency ranging from low to high is emitted by a sound wave generating array for a certain period of time, such as 0.5s-2s, so that the fine sand resonates and obtains maximum acceleration, thereby detaching from the surface of the photovoltaic modules.

[0027] Specifically, the acoustic wave generating array is composed of 32 piezoelectric ceramic units (PZT-8), with a frequency response range of 20Hz-20kHz and a power density of 1.0W / cm². 2 The effective operating distance is 5m-10m. The main function of this acoustic wave generator array is to generate multi-band sound waves to excite dust resonance, thereby achieving a highly efficient dust removal effect. Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of the acoustic wave generating array. Based on the multi-frequency sound waves emitted by the array, dust particles of different sizes are detached from the surface of the photovoltaic module through resonance, achieving waterless cleaning. The acoustic wave generating array consists of 32 piezoelectric ceramic units (PZT-8) arranged in a 4×8 array, with a frequency response range of 20Hz-20kHz and a power density of 1.0W / cm². 2 The effective operating distance is 5-10 meters. The sound waves propagate in the form of a main beam and secondary diffused waves (represented by red solid and dashed arrows), creating a resonance effect on the photovoltaic module surface. This causes dust particles to vibrate and detach from the surface (blue dashed lines represent the sound wave waveform, and brown dots represent dust particles). This non-contact cleaning method requires no water, has a wide coverage area, and high cleaning efficiency, avoiding the water waste and module damage associated with traditional water washing methods.

[0028] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of this invention, a theoretical analysis is first performed as follows: 1. The formula for calculating the resonant frequency of dust is:

[0029] in, Dust resonant frequency (Hz); : Stiffness of the bond between dust and photovoltaic module surface (N / m); Dust mass (kg).

[0030] 2. The formula for calculating the acceleration of dust is:

[0031] in, : The acceleration of dust (m / s²); Sound wave frequency (Hz); : Sound wave amplitude (m).

[0032] According to the principle of resonance, when the frequency of the applied sound wave matches the resonant frequency of the dust, the dust achieves maximum acceleration. When it overcomes the adhesion force between the dust and the surface of the photovoltaic module, the dust can be peeled off and removed. Although the acceleration of the dust is proportional to the square of the sound wave frequency and the sound wave amplitude, blindly increasing the frequency and amplitude may damage the photovoltaic module. Therefore, the optimal approach is to reach the resonant frequency, which also achieves a good dust cleaning effect with minimal energy.

[0033] However, in practice, it is difficult to accurately obtain the bonding stiffness k between dust and the photovoltaic module surface, as well as the dust mass m. Multiple samples can be taken from the surface of the photovoltaic module to be cleaned, and the dust distribution can be estimated based on the sampling results. This only provides a rough estimate of the relationship between the resonant frequency and the bonding stiffness k and dust mass m. Therefore, this invention, through in-depth research, yields the relationship between the dust particle size range and the resonant frequency band, as shown in Table 1.

[0034] Table 1. Relationship between dust particle size range and resonant frequency band

[0035] Infrared thermal imagers use infrared imaging technology to capture the temperature distribution on the surface of photovoltaic modules in real time, which is crucial for identifying potential hotspots and fault areas. Temperature distribution can reflect abnormal conditions in the photovoltaic modules, such as overheating or uneven cooling, allowing for timely countermeasures to ensure the stable operation of the modules.

[0036] Uneven dust distribution on the surface of photovoltaic modules can lead to hot spot effects. Dust-covered internal cells exhibit increased resistance, causing them to convert more light energy into heat rather than electricity during operation, resulting in abnormally high temperatures in these areas. Excessive heat can permanently damage the cells, reducing power generation efficiency and lifespan. Infrared thermal imagers can quickly scan and locate "hot spots" with temperatures significantly higher than the surrounding areas; these are key areas with severe dust accumulation and require urgent cleaning. The system controller can prioritize or enhance cleaning of these areas, as detailed below: 1) Real-time monitoring: During the cleaning process, the temperature distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic modules is continuously monitored; 2) Trigger Protection: The controller calculates the local temperature difference ΔT based on the temperature distribution. When the local temperature difference ΔT exceeds the preset temperature threshold, such as 8℃, it is determined that there is a risk of overheating in that area. The power attenuation mechanism is immediately triggered, and the controller controls the acoustic wave generator array to reduce the output power, thereby reducing the thermal-mechanical stress on the photovoltaic module glass and internal cells in that area, and preventing microcracks or aging of the encapsulation material caused by increased thermal stress during the cleaning process.

[0037] 3) Cleaning strategy adjustment: For areas where hot spots continuously appear (i.e., local areas where the local temperature difference ΔT is greater than the preset temperature threshold), the controller can record the location of the local area and control the acoustic wave generator array to increase the number of frequency sweeps or the dwell time in the local area during subsequent cleaning processes, so as to achieve precise operation and maintenance.

[0038] Furthermore, the photovoltaic module cleaning system also includes a power amplifier. The power amplifier is electrically connected to the controller and drives the acoustic wave generating array. The controller adjusts the output power and acoustic wave parameters of the acoustic wave generating array by controlling the power amplifier. This power amplifier can precisely adjust the output power and frequency / amplitude of the acoustic waves according to control commands, ensuring effective excitation of dust resonance.

[0039] Microphone arrays are used to monitor the propagation of sound waves on the surface of photovoltaic modules in real time, i.e., to monitor the sound wave distribution. This is crucial for ensuring the uniformity of sound wave distribution and effectively exciting dust resonance. Sound waves encounter interference and attenuation during propagation, resulting in inconsistent sound pressure levels (SPL) at different locations on the photovoltaic panel. Uneven SPL can prevent dust in some areas from receiving sufficient stripping acceleration, creating cleaning blind spots.

[0040] The specific adjustment process for the microphone array is as follows: Sound Pressure Level Mapping: During system initialization or periodic calibration, a microphone array monitors test signals (such as white noise or swept-frequency signals) emitted by a sound wave generator array at multiple points on the photovoltaic module surface. The controller then plots a sound pressure level distribution map based on the sound wave distribution of the test signals monitored by the microphone array on the photovoltaic module surface. The upper limit of the sound pressure level can be locked below a preset value, such as below 140dB, to avoid damage such as microcracks in the photovoltaic module glass. By precisely controlling the sound wave intensity, the system can ensure effective cleaning while preventing damage to the photovoltaic module surface.

[0041] Phase adjustment: For an acoustic wave generating array composed of multiple piezoelectric ceramic units, the controller adjusts the phase of the driving signals of different piezoelectric ceramic units, using the principle of wave interference to "focus" or "uniformly distribute" the acoustic wave energy to the region with a weaker sound pressure level. This is called phase array control technology.

[0042] Amplitude adjustment: For independently controllable channels, the voltage (amplitude) of the drive signal of the piezoelectric ceramic unit in a specific area can be directly adjusted to enhance the sound intensity in the weak area.

[0043] Frequency optimization: Certain frequencies may generate standing waves and cause unevenness under specific structures. The controller can avoid these undesirable frequency points or quickly sweep across the frequency band based on feedback from the microphone array to reduce the negative impact.

[0044] Dynamic optimization: During the cleaning process, the microphone array can be monitored in real time, and the controller fine-tunes the acoustic parameters of the sound wave generating array based on the feedback to ensure that the sound pressure level is as uniform as possible throughout the entire cleaning cycle.

[0045] In summary, the microphone array monitors the distribution of sound waves on the surface of the photovoltaic module in real time, ensuring that the sound wave energy evenly and effectively covers the entire area to be cleaned. If the microphone array detects insufficient sound pressure level (uneven sound wave distribution) in a certain area, the controller can immediately adjust the output power or phase of different units in the sound wave generating array to achieve "precise shaping" of the sound pressure level, ensuring that each area can obtain the best resonant cleaning effect, avoiding energy waste and cleaning dead spots.

[0046] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a photovoltaic module cleaning method based on multi-band acoustic resonance, employing the photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance of the aforementioned embodiments. The method includes: Step 1: Use an infrared thermal imager to monitor the temperature distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic module, and use a microphone array to monitor the sound wave distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic module. Step 2: The controller controls the acoustic wave generating array to emit multi-band acoustic waves with frequencies ranging from low to high onto the surface of the photovoltaic module to excite dust particles of different sizes on the surface of the photovoltaic module to resonate; and controls the acoustic wave parameters of the multi-band acoustic waves according to the temperature distribution and / or acoustic wave distribution.

[0047] Furthermore, the method of the present invention employs a three-stage frequency sweep strategy: 1) Pre-resonance stage: The frequency range gradually increases from 20Hz to 200Hz, lasting for 2 seconds. This stage is mainly used to remove large dust particles by using low-energy vibrations of low-frequency sound waves to peel large dust particles off the surface of the photovoltaic module.

[0048] 2) Main Cleaning Stage: The target frequency range is determined based on the size of dust particles in different areas, with a residence time of 0.5-3 seconds. This stage effectively cleans dust particles of different sizes by precisely controlling the sound wave frequency and power to achieve efficient dust removal.

[0049] 3) Fine Mode: The acoustic wave generator array emits 20kHz pulse groups to remove submicron-level fine dust. Utilizing the strong vibration characteristics of high-frequency sound waves, fine dust is thoroughly removed from the surface of the photovoltaic module.

[0050] Other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the embodiments disclosed herein. This invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance, characterized in that, The device includes a sound wave generating array, an infrared thermal imager, a microphone array, and a controller. The sound wave generating array, the infrared thermal imager, and the microphone array are all electrically connected to the controller. The infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the temperature distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic module, and the microphone array is used to monitor the sound wave distribution on the surface of the photovoltaic module. The controller is used to control the acoustic wave generating array to emit multi-band acoustic waves with frequencies ranging from low to high onto the surface of the photovoltaic module, so as to excite dust particles of different sizes on the surface of the photovoltaic module to resonate; and to control the acoustic wave parameters of the multi-band acoustic waves according to the temperature distribution and / or acoustic wave distribution.

2. The photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acoustic wave generating array comprises multiple piezoelectric ceramic units arranged in an array.

3. The photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance according to claim 2, characterized in that, The frequency response range of the acoustic wave generating array is 20Hz-20kHz.

4. The photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance according to claim 3, characterized in that, The controller is also used for: Calculate the local temperature difference based on the temperature distribution; When the local temperature difference exceeds a preset temperature threshold, the sound wave generating array is controlled to reduce its output power.

5. The photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance according to claim 4, characterized in that, The controller is also used for: Record the location of the local area where the local temperature difference is greater than a preset temperature threshold; During subsequent cleaning, the acoustic wave generating array is controlled to increase the number of frequency sweeps or the dwell time in the local area.

6. The photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance according to claim 5, characterized in that, The system also includes a power amplifier; the power amplifier is electrically connected to the controller and is used to drive the sound wave generating array; the controller adjusts the output power and sound wave parameters of the sound wave generating array by controlling the power amplifier.

7. The photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the dust particle size on the surface of the photovoltaic module is less than 10 μm, the response frequency band of the acoustic wave generating array is 15 kHz-20 kHz; when the dust particle size on the surface of the photovoltaic module is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than 50 μm, the response frequency band of the acoustic wave generating array is 5 kHz-10 kHz; when the dust particle size on the surface of the photovoltaic module is greater than or equal to 50 μm and less than 100 μm, the response frequency band of the acoustic wave generating array is 1 kHz-5 kHz; when the dust particle size on the surface of the photovoltaic module is greater than 100 μm, the response frequency band of the acoustic wave generating array is 200 Hz-1 kHz.

8. The photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller is also used for: Control the sound wave generating array to emit a test signal; A sound pressure level distribution map is plotted based on the sound wave distribution of the test signal monitored by the microphone array on the surface of the photovoltaic module.

9. The photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acoustic parameters include acoustic frequency and acoustic amplitude.

10. A method for cleaning photovoltaic modules based on multi-band acoustic resonance, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module cleaning system based on multi-band acoustic resonance as described in any one of claims 1-9, the method comprising: Infrared thermal imagers monitor the temperature distribution on the surface of photovoltaic modules, while microphone arrays monitor the sound wave distribution on the surface of photovoltaic modules. The controller controls the acoustic wave generating array to emit multi-band acoustic waves with frequencies ranging from low to high onto the surface of the photovoltaic module, so as to excite dust particles of different sizes on the surface of the photovoltaic module to resonate; and controls the acoustic wave parameters of the multi-band acoustic waves according to the temperature distribution and / or acoustic wave distribution.

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