A photothermal interfacial evaporation device for water desalination

Abstract

This invention provides a photothermal interface evaporation device for water desalination, comprising a water collection system and a water delivery system. The water collection system includes a freshwater collection chamber and an evaporation tank. The evaporation tank is equipped with a phase change photothermal module, a diversion channel, and a raw water evaporation chamber. The raw water evaporation chamber stores pre-filtered raw water and evaporates the interface area using heat transferred from the phase change photothermal module. A condenser is installed at the top of the evaporation tank, where evaporated water vapor condenses, nucleates, and grows on the cooling surface of the condenser. A thermoelectric conversion module is installed at the bottom of the evaporation tank, which converts the local residual heat energy generated during evaporation into electrical energy to power the condenser of the water collection system. This achieves active condensation, directional convergence, and efficient collection of water vapor, reducing external energy consumption and improving desalination efficiency and energy utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy utilization technology, and specifically relates to a photothermal interface evaporation device for water desalination. Background Technology

[0002] Freshwater resources are a crucial strategic resource for maintaining the sustainable development of human society. With continuous population growth, accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and the combined effects of global ecological and environmental changes, water pollution has become increasingly prominent. The shortage of freshwater resources, their uneven spatial and temporal distribution, and the continuous deterioration of water quality have become increasingly evident, posing significant constraints on high-quality socio-economic development and threatening human health. Therefore, developing efficient and low-energy-consumption new desalination and desalination technologies to obtain potable freshwater from widely available but difficult-to-use water sources such as seawater and industrial wastewater is an important technological approach to solving the current freshwater resource crisis.

[0003] Among numerous desalination technologies, solar-driven interfacial evaporation for freshwater production has garnered significant attention due to its green and low-energy-consumption characteristics. An ideal solar desalination device not only needs to efficiently capture light energy and convert it into heat energy, but also possesses the ability to store and regulate heat energy to cope with intermittent fluctuations in solar irradiance and achieve continuous water production around the clock. Furthermore, the recovery and utilization of latent heat and waste heat generated during evaporation will further improve the overall energy efficiency of the system. Phase change materials (PCMs) possess the characteristic of efficiently storing and reversibly releasing heat energy through a solid-liquid phase change process within a specific temperature range, enabling the regulation and slow release of heat without significantly increasing the system temperature. Photothermal conversion materials utilize photo-excited electrons to generate energy enrichment and transfer light energy to the lattice system through non-radiative relaxation, achieving efficient conversion of light energy into heat energy. Therefore, the synergistic integration of photothermal conversion materials and PCMs and their introduction into the desalination system can effectively balance intermittent energy supply and continuous evaporation requirements, improving heat energy utilization and reducing system energy consumption. However, the application of existing phase change photothermal assisted desalination technology in the field of freshwater extraction is still immature and extremely lacking, making it difficult to fully leverage the coupling advantages of photothermal conversion and phase change energy storage.

[0004] It is evident that how to provide a photothermal interface evaporation device for water desalination that couples and coordinates phase change energy storage and thermoelectric conversion functions to improve water desalination efficiency and energy utilization is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a photothermal interface evaporation device for water desalination, the photothermal interface evaporation device comprising: A water collection system includes a freshwater collection chamber and an evaporator. The freshwater collection chamber is connected to the evaporator via a freshwater guide pipe. The evaporator contains a phase change photothermal module, a diversion channel, and a raw water evaporation chamber. The raw water evaporation chamber is connected to the phase change photothermal module, and the diversion channel surrounds the surface of the raw water evaporation chamber. A condenser cover is provided on the top of the evaporator, and a thermoelectric conversion module is provided on the bottom of the evaporator. A water delivery system, comprising a raw water inlet filter, a central control unit, and a raw water tank, wherein the outlet end of the raw water inlet filter is connected to the raw water evaporation chamber, and the inlet end of the raw water inlet filter is connected to the raw water tank via a water control valve; the central control unit is installed on the raw water tank and is connected to the condenser enclosure.

[0006] Optionally, the thermoelectric conversion module includes a thermoelectric power generation unit and a heat dissipation unit. The top and bottom surfaces of the thermoelectric power generation unit form a heating surface and a heat dissipation surface, respectively. The heating surface is connected to the bottom of the phase change photothermal module, and the heat dissipation surface is connected to the heat dissipation unit.

[0007] Optionally, the thermoelectric power generation unit is provided with a number of P2 type semiconductors and a number of N2 type semiconductors. The number of P2 type semiconductors and the number of N2 type semiconductors are connected in series in an alternating manner at the top and bottom, and are arranged in a matrix in the thermoelectric power generation unit.

[0008] Optionally, the heat dissipation unit is provided with a plurality of heat sinks; the plurality of heat sinks are one or more of the following: flat plate heat sinks, needle-shaped heat sinks, louvered heat sinks, and corrugated heat sinks.

[0009] Optionally, the condenser cover includes a semi-circular upper cover, a plurality of P1 type semiconductors, a plurality of N1 type semiconductors, and a semi-circular lower cover. The semi-circular upper cover is disposed on the semi-circular lower cover, and the plurality of P1 type semiconductors and the plurality of N1 type semiconductors are arranged between the semi-circular upper cover and the semi-circular lower cover. Among them, a number of P1 type semiconductors and a number of N1 type semiconductors are circumferentially uniformly arranged on the semi-circular lower cover and connected in series to form a whole.

[0010] Optionally, the phase change photothermal module includes a light-absorbing layer and a phase change energy storage layer. The light-absorbing layer is laid around the outer surface of the phase change energy storage layer, and the raw water evaporation chamber is closely attached to the phase change energy storage layer. Optionally, the diversion channel has a sloping structure, a hydrophobic interface layer is provided on the top surface of the diversion channel, and a confluence port is provided at the lowest position of the diversion channel, which is connected to the freshwater guide pipe.

[0011] Optionally, the evaporator adopts a double-layer hollow heat-insulating wall structure, and a flow guide port is provided on the evaporator. The fresh water flow guide pipe is installed on the evaporator through the flow guide port. A closed hollow cavity is formed between the inner tank wall and the outer tank wall in the double-layer hollow heat-insulating wall structure. A gas regulating component is provided above the hollow cavity, and the gas regulating component is used to fill the hollow cavity with inert gas.

[0012] Optionally, the raw water inlet filter element has a three-way structure, with the left and right ends of the raw water inlet filter element being the inlet and outlet respectively; the lower middle part of the raw water inlet filter element is a filter channel, and a filter element is installed inside the filter channel; a sludge outlet is provided at the lower end of the raw water inlet filter element.

[0013] Optionally, the outer surface of the raw water tank is provided with liquid level markings.

[0014] Beneficial Effects: This invention proposes a photothermal interface evaporation device for water desalination, comprising a water collection system and a water delivery system. The water collection system includes a freshwater collection chamber and an evaporation tank, with the freshwater collection chamber connected to the evaporation tank via a freshwater guide pipe. The evaporation tank contains a phase change photothermal module, a diversion channel, and a raw water evaporation chamber, which is connected to the phase change photothermal module. The diversion channel surrounds the surface of the raw water evaporation chamber. The raw water evaporation chamber stores pre-filtered raw water and evaporates the interface area using heat transferred from the phase change photothermal module. A condenser is installed at the top of the evaporation tank. The evaporated water vapor condenses, nucleates, and grows on the cooling surface of the condenser, then flows down the cooling surface to the diversion channel, gradually converging at the confluence port. The water then flows along the freshwater guide pipe to the freshwater collection chamber, completing the water collection process. A thermoelectric conversion module is installed at the bottom of the evaporator. This module converts the local residual heat generated during evaporation into electrical energy, providing power to the condenser of the water collection system, achieving active condensation, directional aggregation, and efficient collection of water vapor. The water delivery system includes a raw water inlet filter, a central control unit, and a raw water tank. The outlet of the raw water inlet filter is connected to the raw water evaporation chamber, and the inlet is connected to the raw water tank via a control valve. This allows for preliminary filtration of the raw water in the tank, removing suspended impurities and particulate contaminants, providing more stable and cleaner inlet conditions for the evaporation operation. The central control unit is installed on the raw water tank and connected to the condenser.

[0015] Therefore, this application realizes the construction of a photothermal interface evaporation device for water desalination. Through the synergistic coupling of a phase change photothermal module and a thermoelectric conversion module, on the one hand, the phase change photothermal module efficiently converts solar energy into heat energy and directionally transfers it to the evaporation interface region, realizing efficient capture and phase change energy storage and utilization of light energy. On the other hand, the waste heat in the evaporation process is recovered and converted into electrical energy to drive the condenser hood for active cooling. This enables continuous and efficient heating of the evaporation interface while enhancing the rapid condensation and collection of water vapor, improving the photothermal conversion efficiency and condensation efficiency, thereby improving the water desalination efficiency and energy utilization rate. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the photothermal interface evaporation device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the phase change photothermal module and the raw water evaporation chamber in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the water collection unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the condenser cover in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the thermoelectric conversion module in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the evaporator in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the raw water inlet filter element in an embodiment of the present invention; Attached image description: 1. Freshwater collection chamber; 2. Evaporator; 3. Freshwater guide pipe; 4. Phase change photothermal module; 5. Drainage channel; 6. Raw water evaporation chamber; 7. Condenser enclosure; 8. Thermoelectric conversion module; 9. Raw water inlet filter; 10. Central control unit; 11. Raw water tank; 12. Water control valve; 13. Thermoelectric power generation unit; 14. Heat dissipation unit; 15. Heated surface; 16. Heat dissipation surface; 17. P2 type semiconductor; 18. N2 type semiconductor 19. Conductor; 20. Semi-circular top cover; 21. P1 type semiconductor; 22. N1 type semiconductor; 23. Semi-circular bottom cover; 24. Light-absorbing layer; 25. Phase change energy storage layer; 26. Hydrophobic interface layer; 27. Manifold; 28. Guide port; 29. ​​Inner tank wall; 30. Outer tank wall; 31. Hollow cavity; 32. Gas regulating component; 33. Filter channel; 34. Filter element; 35. Slag outlet; 36. Liquid level mark; Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this specification, when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or there may be an intervening component. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in the embodiments of this specification are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0020] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a photothermal interface evaporation device for water desalination. The photothermal interface evaporation device includes: a water collection system, which includes a freshwater collection chamber 1 and an evaporation tank 2. The freshwater collection chamber 1 is connected to the evaporation tank 2 through a freshwater guide pipe 3. The evaporation tank 2 is equipped with a phase change photothermal module 4, a diversion channel 5, and a raw water evaporation chamber 6. The raw water evaporation chamber 6 is connected to the phase change photothermal module 4, and the diversion channel 5 is arranged around the surface of the raw water evaporation chamber 6. A condenser cover 7 is provided on the top of the evaporation tank 2. A thermoelectric conversion module 8 is provided at the bottom of the evaporation tank 2. A water delivery system includes a raw water inlet filter 9, a central control unit 10, and a raw water tank 11. The outlet end of the raw water inlet filter 9 is connected to the raw water evaporation chamber 6, and the inlet end of the raw water inlet filter 9 is connected to the raw water tank 11 through a water control valve 12. The central control unit 10 is installed on the raw water tank 11 and is connected to the condenser cover 7.

[0021] Specifically, embodiments of the present invention provide a photothermal interface evaporation device for water desalination, including a water collection system and a water delivery system. The water collection system includes a freshwater collection chamber 1 and an evaporation tank 2. The freshwater collection chamber 1 is connected to the evaporation tank 2 via a freshwater guide pipe 3. The evaporation tank 2 is internally equipped with a phase change photothermal module 4, a diversion channel 5, and a raw water evaporation chamber 6. The raw water evaporation chamber 6 is connected to the phase change photothermal module 4, and the diversion channel 5 is arranged around the surface of the raw water evaporation chamber 6. The phase change photothermal module 4 includes a light-absorbing layer 23 and a phase change energy storage layer 24. The light-absorbing layer 23 efficiently converts light energy into heat energy and directionally transfers it to the phase change energy storage layer 24 and the evaporation interface region to achieve rapid heating and evaporation of water. The raw water evaporation chamber 6 adopts a cylindrical stainless steel cavity structure with high thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance to store the pre-filtered raw water and evaporate the interface region through the heat transferred from the phase change photothermal module 4. A condenser 7 is provided on the top of the evaporation tank 2 to collect the evaporated water vapor. Condensation and nucleation occur on the cooling surface of the condenser shroud 7, followed by flow down the cooling surface to the guide channel 5, gradually converging at the confluence port 26, and then flowing along the freshwater guide pipe 3 to the freshwater collection chamber 1, completing the water collection work. A thermoelectric conversion module 8 is installed at the bottom of the evaporator 2. The thermoelectric conversion module 8 uses the local residual heat energy generated during the evaporation process to convert it into electrical energy, providing energy for the condenser shroud 7 of the water collection system, realizing active condensation, directional convergence and efficient collection of water vapor. The water supply system includes a raw water inlet filter 9, a central control unit 10 and a raw water tank 11. The outlet end of the raw water inlet filter 9 is connected to the raw water evaporation chamber 6, and the inlet end of the raw water inlet filter 9 is connected to the raw water tank 11 through a water control valve 12, which is used to perform preliminary filtration of the raw water in the raw water tank 11 to remove suspended impurities and particulate pollutants, providing more stable and clean water conditions for the evaporation operation. The central control unit 10 is installed on the raw water tank 11 and is connected to the condenser shroud 7.

[0022] This application utilizes a phase change photothermal module 4 and a thermoelectric conversion module 8 in synergistic coupling. On one hand, the phase change photothermal module 4 efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy and directionally transfers it to the evaporation interface region, achieving efficient capture and phase change energy storage utilization of light energy. On the other hand, it recovers waste heat from the evaporation process and converts it into electrical energy to drive the condenser shroud 7 for active cooling. This enables continuous and efficient heating of the evaporation interface while enhancing the rapid condensation and collection of water vapor, thereby improving photothermal conversion efficiency and condensation efficiency. In this way, a photothermal interface evaporation device for water desalination is constructed, which significantly improves water desalination efficiency and energy utilization through the coupling of phase change energy storage and thermoelectric conversion.

[0023] In some possible implementations, the thermoelectric conversion module 8 includes a thermoelectric power generation unit 13 and a heat dissipation unit 14. The top and bottom surfaces of the thermoelectric power generation unit 13 are respectively formed to form a heated surface 15 and a heat dissipation surface 16. The heated surface 15 is connected to the bottom of the phase change photothermal module 4, and the heat dissipation surface 16 is connected to the heat dissipation unit 14.

[0024] Specifically, see Figure 5 As shown, the thermoelectric conversion module 8 includes a thermoelectric power generation unit 13 and a heat dissipation unit 14. The top and bottom surfaces of the thermoelectric power generation unit 13 form a heating surface 15 and a heat dissipation surface 16 respectively. The heating surface 15 is connected to the bottom of the phase change photothermal module 4, and the heat dissipation surface 16 is connected to the heat dissipation unit 14. The heating surface 15 formed in the thermoelectric power generation unit 13 is tightly connected to the bottom of the phase change photothermal module 4 to absorb the waste heat generated during the evaporation process and the phase change photothermal conversion process.

[0025] In some possible implementations, the thermoelectric power generation unit 13 is provided with a number of P2 type semiconductors 17 and a number of N2 type semiconductors 18. The number of P2 type semiconductors 17 and the number of N2 type semiconductors 18 are connected in series in an alternating manner at the top and bottom, and are arranged in a matrix in the thermoelectric power generation unit 13.

[0026] Specifically, see Figure 5 As shown, the thermoelectric power generation unit 13 contains several P2-type semiconductors 17 and several N2-type semiconductors 18. The top and bottom of each P2-type semiconductor 17 are connected to the top and bottom of two different N2-type semiconductors 18, respectively. Similarly, the top and bottom of each N2-type semiconductor 18 are connected to the top and bottom of two different N2-type semiconductors 18, respectively. Thus, the several P2-type semiconductors 17 and several N2-type semiconductors 18 are connected in series through alternating top and bottom connections, forming a single unit within the thermoelectric power generation unit 13. Figure 5The matrix arrangement is shown. Furthermore, a stable temperature gradient is formed between the heated surface 1523 and the cooled surface 1624, causing the charge carriers inside the P2-type semiconductor 17 and the N2-type semiconductor 18 to migrate directionally under the influence of the temperature difference. This generates a potential difference across the circuit and outputs electrical energy, achieving an efficient conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy. This allows for the recovery and utilization of low-grade waste heat generated during photothermal evaporation without consuming additional external energy, providing continuous power support for the condenser 7.

[0027] In some possible implementations, the heat dissipation unit 14 is provided with a plurality of heat sinks; the plurality of heat sinks are one or more of the following: flat plate heat sinks, needle-shaped heat sinks, louvered heat sinks, and corrugated heat sinks.

[0028] Specifically, see Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the heat sink adopts a flat plate heat sink structure. A stable temperature difference condition is established through the heat dissipation unit 14, thereby realizing thermoelectric power generation and storing the electrical energy in the central control unit 10.

[0029] In some possible implementations, the condenser cover 7 includes a semi-circular upper cover 19, a plurality of P1 type semiconductors 20, a plurality of N1 type semiconductors 21, and a semi-circular lower cover 22. The semi-circular upper cover 19 covers the semi-circular lower cover 22, and the plurality of P1 type semiconductors 20 and the plurality of N1 type semiconductors are arranged between the semi-circular upper cover 19 and the semi-circular lower cover 22. The plurality of P1 type semiconductors 20 and the plurality of N1 type semiconductors 21 are evenly arranged circumferentially on the semi-circular lower cover 22 and are connected in series to form a whole.

[0030] Specifically, see Figure 4As shown, the condenser housing 7 includes a semi-circular upper cover 19, several P1-type semiconductors 20, several N1-type semiconductors 21, and a semi-circular lower cover 22. The P1-type semiconductors 20 and N1-type semiconductors 21 are connected in series and integrated between the semi-circular upper cover 19 and the semi-circular lower cover 22, making the condenser housing 7 a three-layer composite sandwich structure. The P1-type semiconductors 20 and N1-type semiconductors 21 are evenly arranged circumferentially on the semi-circular lower cover 22 and are alternately connected to form an electrical circuit. The positive and negative terminals are connected to the central control unit 10. When current is applied to the condenser housing 7, the charge carriers inside the P1-type semiconductors 20 and N1-type semiconductors 21 undergo directional migration under the influence of the electric field, and energy exchange occurs at the interface between adjacent semiconductor elements, thus forming a cooling surface and a heating surface on the semi-circular upper cover 19 and the semi-circular lower cover 22 of the condenser housing 7. Meanwhile, by adjusting the direction and magnitude of the current, the positions of the cooling and heating surfaces can be switched and the cooling intensity can be controlled and adjusted, thereby achieving active temperature control of water vapor condensation. The obtained electrical energy is effectively used to cool the cooling surface of the condenser 7, so that water vapor can quickly complete nucleation, growth, aggregation and gravity dehydration.

[0031] In some possible implementations, the phase change photothermal module 4 includes a light-absorbing layer 23 and a phase change energy storage layer 24. The light-absorbing layer 23 is laid around the outer surface of the phase change energy storage layer 24, and the raw water evaporation chamber 6 is disposed in close contact with the phase change energy storage layer 24. Specifically, see Figure 2 As shown, the phase change photothermal module 4 includes a light-absorbing layer 23 and a phase change energy storage layer 24. The phase change photothermal module 4 is tightly connected to the raw water evaporation chamber 6. During operation, the light-absorbing layer 23 absorbs sunlight and efficiently converts the sunlight into heat energy, which is then conducted to the phase change energy storage layer 24 and then to the raw water evaporation chamber 6 for evaporation. As one feasible method, the light-absorbing layer 23 is prepared by completely immersing a copper-containing substrate in a sulfur source solution and growing it in situ via hydrothermal methods. The copper-containing substrate is one or more of copper foam, copper foil, copper mesh, copper fiber felt, and porous copper. The sulfur source solution is selected from one or more of thiourea, thioacetamide, Na2S, and sulfur powder. The phase change energy storage layer 24 is composed of at least the following raw materials: 60-90 wt% phase change material and 10-40 wt% carbon-based porous carrier. The phase change material is one or more eutectic / non-eutectic mixtures of organic and inorganic phase change materials. The carbon-based porous carrier is one or more of expanded graphite, biomass-derived porous carbon, graphene aerogel, and carbon nanotubes.

[0032] In some embodiments, the photothermal conversion carrier in the light-absorbing layer 23 is prepared using a hydrothermal in-situ growth method to create copper sulfide nanoflowers. The preparation principle involves using a porous copper foam scaffold as a carrier, where thiourea decomposes under hydrothermal conditions to release a sulfur source, which then undergoes a coordination reaction with copper ions to generate copper sulfide nanoflowers with a layered structure. This nanoflower structure exhibits multiple reflection paths for light, enabling it to effectively capture light energy through its broad-spectrum absorption capability. The absorbed photons excite electron transitions within the material, forming electron-hole pairs, and the excited-state energy is converted into thermal energy through a non-radiative recombination process. The preparation process is as follows: First, cut the copper foam with a porosity of 90% and a thickness of 0.5 cm into 10×10 cm2 pieces, place them in a 1 vol% dilute hydrochloric acid solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 5 min, rinse them 6 times with deionized water until neutral to remove the surface oxide layer and impurities, fully expose the active copper surface, and then let them air dry for later use. Secondly, 100 g of thiourea was used as the sulfur source and dissolved in 100 ml of deionized water to prepare a precursor solution. The pretreated copper foam was then completely immersed in the solution and transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined hydrothermal reactor. After sealing, the reactor was placed in an oven and subjected to a hydrothermal reaction at 140°C for 6 h.

[0033] Next, after the reaction was completed, the sample was naturally cooled to room temperature, taken out, and washed several times alternately with deionized water and ethanol. Then it was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 50°C for 10 h to finally obtain the light-absorbing layer 23 grown in situ with copper sulfide.

[0034] In the specific implementation process, 80 wt% of paraffin wax was weighed as the phase change material and heated in a 70°C water bath until completely melted. Then, 20 wt% of expanded graphite was added and stirred for 2 hours. The mixture was then transferred to a 70°C vacuum drying oven for vacuum impregnation for 12 hours, ultimately obtaining a phase change energy storage layer 24 with good shape stability. Subsequently, a light-absorbing layer 23 was laid on the outer surface of the phase change energy storage layer 24, and the two were combined into one by hot pressing at 100°C to form a phase change photothermal module 4 with an apparent density of 3000 kg / m2.

[0035] In some possible implementations, the diversion channel 5 has a sloping structure, a hydrophobic interface layer 25 is provided on the top surface of the diversion channel 5, and a confluence port 26 is provided at the lowest position of the diversion channel 5, which is connected to the freshwater guide pipe 3.

[0036] Specifically, see Figure 3As shown, the drainage channel 5 has a sloping structure. A hydrophobic interface layer 25 is provided on the top surface of the drainage channel 5 to reduce the retention resistance of condensate in the channel. A confluence port 26 is provided at the lowest position of the drainage channel 5. The evaporated water vapor condenses, nucleates, and grows on the cooling surface of the condenser shroud 7, and then flows down along the cooling surface to the hydrophobic interface layer 25 of the drainage channel 5, gradually converging at the confluence port 26, and then flowing along the freshwater guide pipe 3 to the freshwater collection chamber 1 to complete the water collection. As one feasible method, the slope of the drainage channel 5 is 10 to 45°. The drainage channel 5 is made of ceramic material.

[0037] In some possible implementations, the evaporator 2 adopts a double-layer hollow heat-insulating wall structure. The evaporator 2 is provided with a guide port 27. The fresh water guide pipe 3 is installed on the evaporator 2 through the guide port 27. A closed hollow cavity 30 is formed between the inner tank wall 28 and the outer tank wall 29 in the double-layer hollow heat-insulating wall structure. A gas regulating component 31 is provided above the hollow cavity 30. The gas regulating component 31 is used to fill the hollow cavity 30 with inert gas.

[0038] Specifically, see Figure 6 As shown, the evaporator 2 adopts a double-layer hollow heat-insulating wall structure, and a guide port 27 is provided on the evaporator 2 for installing the fresh water guide pipe 3. Since the evaporator 2 adopts a double-layer hollow heat-insulating wall structure, a closed hollow cavity 30 is formed between its inner tank wall 28 and outer tank wall 29. Inert gas is filled into the cavity through the gas regulation unit to form multiple thermal resistance barriers and suppress the heat generated at the evaporation interface from being conducted and lost to the external environment. As one possible method, the inert gas includes one or more of argon, nitrogen, krypton or xenon.

[0039] In some possible implementations, the raw water inlet filter element 9 has a three-way structure, with the left and right ends of the raw water inlet filter element 9 being the inlet and outlet respectively; the middle and lower part of the raw water inlet filter element 9 is a filter channel 32, and a filter element 33 is provided inside the filter channel 32; and a sludge outlet 34 is provided at the lower end of the raw water inlet filter element 9.

[0040] Specifically, the raw water inlet filter element 9 is used to perform preliminary filtration of the raw water, removing suspended impurities and particulate contaminants, thus providing more stable and cleaner inlet water conditions for evaporation operations. See also Figure 7As shown, the raw water inlet filter element 9 has a three-way structure. When the raw water evaporation chamber 6 needs to be filled with water, the raw water enters the filtration process through the inlet of the raw water inlet filter element 9. Under the action of the filter element 33, the water is discharged from the outlet and transported to the raw water evaporation chamber 6. Suspended impurities and particulate pollutants are collected along the filtration channel 32 and discharged through the sludge outlet 34, completing the preliminary filtration treatment of the raw water. As an feasible method, the raw water inlet filter element 9 is equipped with a removable upper cover for easy disassembly and replacement of the filter element 33.

[0041] In some possible implementations, the outer surface of the raw water tank 11 is provided with a liquid level mark 35.

[0042] Specifically, the outer surface of the raw water tank 11 is provided with a liquid level mark 35, which is used to monitor the water level in the raw water evaporation chamber 6.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. All should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0044] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A photothermal interface evaporation device for water desalination, characterized in that, The photothermal interface evaporation device includes: A water collection system is provided, comprising a freshwater collection chamber (1) and an evaporator (2). The freshwater collection chamber (1) is connected to the evaporator (2) via a freshwater guide pipe (3). The evaporator (2) is provided with a phase change photothermal module (4), a diversion channel (5), and a raw water evaporation chamber (6). The raw water evaporation chamber (6) is connected to the phase change photothermal module (4), and the diversion channel (5) is arranged around the surface of the raw water evaporation chamber (6). A condenser cover (7) is provided on the top of the evaporator (2). A thermoelectric conversion module (8) is provided on the bottom of the evaporator (2). The water supply system includes a raw water inlet filter (9), a central control unit (10), and a raw water tank (11). The outlet of the raw water inlet filter (9) is connected to the raw water evaporation chamber (6), and the inlet of the raw water inlet filter (9) is connected to the raw water tank (11) through a water control valve (12). The central control unit (10) is installed on the raw water tank (11) and is connected to the condenser cover (7).

2. The photothermal interface evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermoelectric conversion module (8) includes a thermoelectric power generation unit (13) and a heat dissipation unit (14). The top and bottom surfaces of the thermoelectric power generation unit (13) are respectively formed as a heating surface (15) and a heat dissipation surface (16). The heating surface (15) is connected to the bottom of the phase change photothermal module (4), and the heat dissipation surface (16) is connected to the heat dissipation unit (14).

3. The photothermal interface evaporation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thermoelectric power generation unit (13) is provided with a number of P2 type semiconductors (17) and a number of N2 type semiconductors (18). The P2 type semiconductors (17) and the N2 type semiconductors (18) are connected in series by alternating top and bottom connections and are arranged in a matrix within the thermoelectric power generation unit (13).

4. The photothermal interface evaporation apparatus according to any one of claims 2-3, characterized in that: The heat dissipation unit (14) is provided with a number of heat dissipation fins; the number of heat dissipation fins adopts one or more of the following: flat fin type heat dissipation fins, needle-shaped heat dissipation fins, louver type heat dissipation fins, and corrugated type heat dissipation fins.

5. The photothermal interface evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The condenser cover (7) includes a semi-circular upper cover (19), a plurality of P1 type semiconductors (20), a plurality of N1 type semiconductors (21), and a semi-circular lower cover (22). The semi-circular upper cover (19) is disposed on the semi-circular lower cover (22), and the plurality of P1 type semiconductors (20) and the plurality of N2 type semiconductors (21) are arranged between the semi-circular upper cover (19) and the semi-circular lower cover (22). Among them, a number of P1 type semiconductors (20) and a number of N1 type semiconductors (21) are uniformly arranged circumferentially on the semi-circular lower cover (22) and connected in series to form a whole.

6. The photothermal interface evaporation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change photothermal module (4) includes a light-absorbing layer (23) and a phase change energy storage layer (24). The light-absorbing layer (23) is laid around the outer surface of the phase change energy storage layer (24), and the raw water evaporation chamber (6) is closely attached to the phase change energy storage layer (24).

7. The photothermal interface evaporation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diversion channel (5) has a sloping structure. A hydrophobic interface layer (25) is provided on the top surface of the diversion channel (5). A confluence port (26) is provided at the lowest position of the diversion channel (5). The confluence port (26) is connected to the freshwater guide pipe (3).

8. The photothermal interface evaporation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaporator (2) adopts a double-layer hollow heat-insulating wall structure. A guide port (27) is provided on the evaporator (2). The fresh water guide pipe (3) is installed on the evaporator (2) through the guide port (27). A closed hollow cavity (30) is formed between the inner tank wall (28) and the outer tank wall (29) in the double-layer hollow heat-insulating wall structure. A gas regulating component (31) is provided above the hollow cavity (30). The gas regulating component (31) is used to fill the hollow cavity (30) with inert gas.

9. The photothermal interface evaporation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw water inlet filter element (9) has a three-way structure. The left and right ends of the raw water inlet filter element (9) are the inlet and outlet, respectively. The middle and lower part of the raw water inlet filter element (9) is a filter channel (32). A filter element (33) is installed inside the filter channel (32). A slag outlet (34) is installed at the lower end of the raw water inlet filter element (9).

10. The photothermal interface evaporation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the raw water tank (11) is provided with a liquid level mark (35).

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