Bridge prestress instantaneous loss intelligent optimization method and device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of bridge prestress instantaneous loss intelligent optimization method and device, it is related to bridge prestress construction field, including, oil inlet nozzle (1), moving plate (2), cylinder (3), circular ring (4), clamping piece (5), anchor plate (6), steel strand (7), pin shaft (8), sleeve (9), spring (10) and oil cylinder cavity (11);Wherein: the anchor plate (6) is fixed in bridge structure end, and steel strand (7) is arranged in anchor plate hole way;The moving plate (2) is connected with oil cylinder cavity (11) by oil inlet nozzle (1), and moves transversely when oil injection pressurization, extrudes clamping piece (5) to make the gap between it and steel strand (7) and anchor plate (6) lock in advance;The circular ring (4) is used for positioning clamping piece (5), and cylinder (3) is used as external support structure.The application intelligent compensation is further revised residual loss, and precision and stability of pre-stress establishment are achieved together, and the durability and safety of bridge structure are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge prestressed construction, and in particular to a method and apparatus for intelligent optimization of instantaneous prestress loss in bridges. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of prestressed bridge construction, traditional tensioning technology has formed a standardized process of applying design stress with hydraulic jacks and relying on self-locking anchorage with wedge anchors. Existing methods usually adopt graded tensioning (such as 0→15%→100% control stress) and combine it with sensor monitoring systems. By collecting data on duct friction and anchorage shrinkage in real time, it is possible to improve the accuracy of prestress control. Some projects have introduced intelligent transmission technology (such as 5G modules) to support cloud data analysis, so as to dynamically compensate for stress loss caused by environmental factors, providing a foundation for the refined construction of bridge projects.

[0003] Current technologies still fall short in controlling instantaneous losses after tensioning. The springback of the steel strands can create micron-level gaps between the wedges and anchor plates, leading to a 3%-5% loss of prestress. Traditional anchorages lack active pre-tightening mechanisms, making it difficult to eliminate assembly gaps. While intelligent monitoring systems can identify the amount of loss, they lack corresponding mechanical compensation devices, resulting in a delayed control response. For example, under complex geological conditions, such gap losses are easily amplified, requiring manual intervention and affecting the accuracy and efficiency of prestress establishment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the aforementioned existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides an intelligent optimization device for instantaneous prestress loss in bridges, which solves the problem of instantaneous prestress loss caused by the gap between the clamp and the anchor plate in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent optimization device for instantaneous prestress loss in bridges, comprising: an oil inlet (1), a moving plate (2), a cylinder (3), a ring (4), a clamping plate (5), an anchor plate (6), a steel strand (7), a pin (8), a sleeve (9), a spring (10), and a cylinder cavity (11); wherein: The anchor plate (6) is fixed to the end of the bridge structure, and the steel strand (7) is threaded through the anchor plate hole; The movable plate (2) is connected to the cylinder cavity (11) through the oil inlet (1). When the oil is injected and pressurized, it moves laterally and squeezes the clamping plate (5) to lock the gap between it and the steel strand (7) and the anchor plate (6) in advance. The ring (4) is used to position the clamping piece (5), and the cylinder (3) serves as an external support structure; The sleeve (9) is equipped with a spring (10) and a pin (8) to form an automatic recovery mechanism. After the pressure is released, the moving plate (2) is reset by the spring's restoring force, thus achieving rapid disassembly.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent optimization device for instantaneous loss of bridge prestress described in this invention, the moving plate (2) and the cylinder (3) are provided with a sliding guide structure. The moving plate (2) moves horizontally under the action of oil pressure, pushing the clamping piece (5) to contract towards the central axis of the anchor plate (6), thereby realizing the synchronous locking of the steel strand (7) and the anchor system. The oil inlet (1) is connected to an external oil pump system, and the pressure change in the cylinder cavity (11) is controlled by oil injection and pressurization, thereby driving the reciprocating motion of the moving plate (2).

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent optimization device for instantaneous loss of bridge prestress described in this invention, in the automatic recovery mechanism, the spring (10) is pre-compressed and installed inside the sleeve (9), one end of the pin (8) is hinged to the moving plate (2), and the other end is slidably engaged with the inner wall of the sleeve (9); after the pressure is released, the spring (10) pushes the pin (8) to reset, thereby driving the moving plate (2) back to its initial state, thus achieving rapid disassembly.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent optimization device for instantaneous loss of bridge prestress described in this invention, the ring (4) is a detachable structure, and its inner hole matches the outer conical surface of the clamp (5) to limit the radial displacement of the clamp (5); the bottom of the cylinder (3) is provided with an anchor plate docking groove to ensure that the anchor plate (6) is aligned with the axis of the device during installation.

[0010] Secondly, the present invention provides an intelligent optimization method for instantaneous loss of prestress in bridges, including, S1, checking the specifications of prestressing tendons and the hardness of anchorages, calibrating tensioning equipment, cleaning ducts and applying lubricant; S2. Fix the anchor plate (6) to the beam end, insert the steel strand (7) into the hole, and install the whole device on the anchor plate (6) to ensure that each component is aligned; S3. Apply 10%~20% of the design tension to the steel strand (7) to eliminate the initial gap; S4. Tension the steel strand (7) to the design control stress in stages, inject oil and pressurize it through the oil inlet (1), drive the moving plate (2) to squeeze the clamp (5), and achieve the pre-tightening of the gap between the steel strand (7) and the anchor plate (6). S5. Monitor the tension force and elongation value through the pressure sensor, and adjust the tension parameters when the deviation exceeds ±6%. S6. After holding the load for 2 to 5 minutes, release the pressure. The spring (10) pushes the pin (8) to reset. After the moving plate (2) returns to its original position, remove the device. S7. Lock the anchorage, seal the anchor end with cement mortar, and record the tensioning data.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent optimization method for instantaneous loss of bridge prestress described in this invention, in S4, tensioning is carried out in stages, and the load is held for 1 to 2 minutes after each stage of tensioning, and the elongation value of the steel strand is measured; the locking operation is performed immediately after the tension reaches 100% control stress, and the clamping force of the clamp (5) is precisely controlled by the hydraulic system.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent optimization method for instantaneous prestress loss in bridges described in this invention, in step S5, a 5G data transmitter is used to upload sensor data to an intelligent platform in real time, and the friction loss and anchorage loss are dynamically compensated through an algorithm to ensure the accuracy of prestress application.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent optimization method for instantaneous prestress loss in bridges described in this invention, the dynamic compensation method includes: when the duct friction loss is detected to exceed the design value, automatically increasing the tension to 105%~110% of the control stress (not exceeding the material yield strength), and maintaining loss compensation during the load-bearing stage.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent optimization method for instantaneous loss of bridge prestress described in this invention, in step S6, after decompression, the amount of wedge retraction is checked by vernier calipers. If the retraction value is not greater than 2mm, it is considered qualified. If it exceeds the limit, repeat steps S4 to S5 for secondary tensioning adjustment.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent optimization method for instantaneous loss of bridge prestress described in this invention, the method is applicable to the prestressed construction of box girders of continuous rigid frame bridges and cable-stayed bridges. The tensioning process needs to be carried out symmetrically and synchronously with the bridge structure to avoid eccentric stress.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By using hydraulic pressure to drive the moving plate to laterally compress the clamping pieces, the assembly gap between the steel strands, clamping pieces, and anchor plates is actively eliminated before anchoring, achieving zero-gap optimization of the prestress transmission path; simultaneously, through 5G data transmission and dynamic compensation algorithms, the friction of the ducts and anchoring losses are sensed in real time and the tension is automatically adjusted, forming a closed-loop control of mechanical pretensioning and digital regulation. The mechanical pretensioning provides a low-error physical basis for intelligent compensation, while the intelligent compensation further corrects residual losses, jointly achieving the accuracy and stability of prestress establishment, and improving the durability and safety of the bridge structure. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A flowchart for intelligently optimizing tensioning equipment to address instantaneous prestress loss in bridges.

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the intelligent optimization tensioning technology for instantaneous prestress loss in bridges.

[0020] Figure 3 A flowchart for intelligent optimization of construction process for bridge prestressing instantaneous loss. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0023] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0024] Example 1, referring to Figures 1-3 This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides an intelligent optimization device for instantaneous prestress loss in bridges, comprising the following steps: The moving plate (2) and the cylinder (3) are provided with a sliding guide structure. The moving plate (2) moves horizontally under the action of oil pressure, pushing the clamp (5) to retract towards the central axis of the anchor plate (6) to realize the synchronous locking of the steel strand (7) and the anchor system. The oil inlet (1) is connected to the external oil pump system. The pressure change in the cylinder cavity (11) is controlled by oil injection and pressurization, which drives the reciprocating motion of the moving plate (2).

[0025] Furthermore, the sliding guide structure between the moving plate (2) and the cylinder (3) is composed of a precision guide rail set on the inner wall of the cylinder (3) and corresponding grooves on both sides of the moving plate (2). The surface of the guide rail is hardened to ensure wear resistance, and the grooves are embedded with self-lubricating pads to reduce frictional resistance. When hydraulic oil is injected into the cylinder cavity (11) through the inlet (1), the oil pressure acts on the bearing surface of the moving plate (2), driving the moving plate (2) to translate strictly in the horizontal direction. The translational movement of the moving plate (2) pushes the ring (4) evenly through its front end face, thereby causing multiple clamping pieces (5) to contract synchronously towards the central axis of the anchor plate (6). The conical outer surface of the clamping piece (5) and the conical hole of the anchor plate (6) and the inner tooth surface of the clamping piece (5) and the surface of the steel strand (7) generate uniform static friction, thereby realizing the synchronous locking of the steel strand (7) and the anchor system. The oil inlet (1) is connected to an external electric oil pump system through a high-pressure oil pipe. By controlling the start and stop and flow rate of the electric oil pump, the pressure change in the cylinder cavity (11) is precisely adjusted, thereby controlling the reciprocating stroke and force of the moving plate (2).

[0026] In the automatic recovery mechanism, the spring (10) is pre-compressed and installed inside the sleeve (9). One end of the pin (8) is hinged to the moving plate (2), and the other end is slidably engaged with the inner wall of the sleeve (9). After the pressure is released, the spring (10) pushes the pin (8) to reset, thereby driving the moving plate (2) back to its initial position, thus achieving rapid disassembly.

[0027] Furthermore, the spring (10) is installed in the inner cavity of the sleeve (9) in a pre-compressed state. One end of the pin (8) is movably connected to the center of the back of the moving plate (2) through a hinged connector, and the other end of the pin (8) extends into the sleeve (9) and contacts one end of the spring (10). Under pressure, the displacement of the moving plate (2) overcomes the preload of the spring (10), causing the pin (8) to further compress the spring (10) inside the sleeve (9). When the pressure in the cylinder cavity (11) is released through the inlet (1), the elastic potential energy stored in the spring (10) is released, pushing the pin (8) to slide in the opposite direction along the inner wall of the sleeve (9). The movement of the pin (8) is transmitted to the moving plate (2) through the hinge point, causing the moving plate (2) to smoothly return to its initial position.

[0028] The ring (4) is a detachable structure, and its inner hole matches the outer conical surface of the clamp (5) to limit the radial displacement of the clamp (5); the bottom of the cylinder (3) is provided with an anchor plate mating groove to ensure that the anchor plate (6) is aligned with the axis of the device during installation. Furthermore, the ring (4) adopts a split structure, which facilitates installation and replacement. The inner hole of the ring (4) is machined into a conical surface with an angle that is completely consistent with the outer conical surface of the clamping plate (5). When the moving plate (2) pushes the ring (4), the conical inner hole of the ring (4) can closely fit the outer conical surface of the clamping plate (5), effectively limiting the radial displacement that the clamping plate (5) may generate during the force process, and ensuring the concentrated application of clamping force. The bottom end face of the cylinder (3) is machined with an annular groove to form an anchor plate mating groove. The size of the anchor plate mating groove matches the outer contour of the anchor plate (6). During installation, the anchor plate (6) is embedded in the groove, ensuring that the axis of the anchor plate (6) is precisely aligned with that of the cylinder (3) and the internal moving plate (2).

[0029] This embodiment also provides an intelligent optimization method for instantaneous loss of prestress in bridges, including: S1, checking the specifications of prestressing tendons and the hardness of anchorages, calibrating the tensioning equipment, cleaning the ducts and applying lubricant; S2. Fix the anchor plate (6) to the beam end, insert the steel strand (7) into the hole, and install the whole device on the anchor plate (6) to ensure that each component is aligned; S3. Apply 10%~20% of the design tension to the steel strand (7) to eliminate the initial gap; S4. Tension the steel strand (7) to the design control stress in stages, inject oil and pressurize it through the oil inlet (1), drive the moving plate (2) to squeeze the clamp (5), and achieve the pre-tightening of the gap between the steel strand (7) and the anchor plate (6). S5. Monitor the tension force and elongation value through the pressure sensor, and adjust the tension parameters when the deviation exceeds ±6%. S6. After holding the load for 2 to 5 minutes, release the pressure. The spring (10) pushes the pin (8) to reset. After the moving plate (2) returns to its original position, remove the device. S7. Lock the anchorage, seal the anchor end with cement mortar, and record the tensioning data.

[0030] In S4, tensioning is carried out in stages, and the load is held for 1 to 2 minutes after each stage of tensioning, and the elongation of the steel strand is measured; the locking operation is performed immediately after the tension reaches 100% control stress, and the clamping force of the clamp (5) is precisely controlled by the hydraulic system.

[0031] Furthermore, the tensioning process is carried out in stages, progressively increasing the tension force to a predetermined proportion of the control stress. After each stage of tensioning is applied, the current load is maintained for one to two minutes. This holding process allows the stress distribution within the steel strand to become more uniform and to be fully transferred to the concrete structure. During the holding period, the elongation of the steel strand is measured and recorded using calibrated measuring tools. When the tension force reaches 100% of the control stress, the locking operation is immediately performed. The pressure output of the hydraulic device connected to the inlet is adjusted to precisely control the compressive force acting on the clamps. The magnitude of the compressive force is determined based on the preset relationship between the hydraulic pressure value and the clamp displacement, ensuring that the clamps generate sufficient locking friction force on the steel strand.

[0032] In S5, a 5G data transmitter is used to upload sensor data to the intelligent platform in real time. The algorithm dynamically compensates for friction loss and anchorage loss to ensure the accuracy of prestress application.

[0033] Furthermore, pressure sensors installed on the tensioning device continuously collect tension force data. This data is wirelessly transmitted in real time to a remote intelligent platform via a 5G data transmitter. After receiving the data, the intelligent platform calls its built-in compensation algorithm to process it. This algorithm dynamically analyzes the specific values ​​of duct friction loss and anchorage loss based on the deviation between the real-time tension force and the theoretical elongation value. The algorithm calculates the tension force adjustment required to offset these losses and sends control commands to the tensioning equipment, achieving closed-loop control of the prestressing application accuracy.

[0034] The dynamic compensation method includes: when the detected duct friction loss exceeds the design value, automatically increasing the tension to 105%~110% of the control stress (not exceeding the material yield strength), and maintaining loss compensation during the holding load stage.

[0035] Furthermore, the compensation algorithm continuously compares the monitored duct friction loss values ​​with the preset design allowable values ​​during operation. When the monitored value consistently exceeds the design value, the algorithm automatically generates an instruction to increase the tension. The new tension target value is set between 105% and 110% of the 100% control stress, and this target value absolutely does not exceed the yield strength of the steel strand material itself. After the tension is increased to the new target value, the system enters the holding phase, during which the compensated tension is maintained to ensure that the loss is fully compensated.

[0036] In S6, after depressurization, the amount of clamp retraction is checked by vernier calipers. If the retraction value is not greater than 2mm, it is considered qualified. If it exceeds the limit, repeat S4~S5 for secondary tensioning adjustment.

[0037] Furthermore, after the hydraulic pressure is released, the moving plate is reset, and the device is disassembled, the retraction of the clamp relative to the anchor plate is measured using a vernier caliper with the required accuracy. The measurement point is selected between the end face of the clamp and the end face of the anchor plate. The measured retraction is compared with the allowable value. If the retraction is no more than two millimeters, the locking effect is considered qualified. If the measured retraction exceeds the allowable value, the complete steps from graded tensioning to dynamic compensation must be repeated, i.e., returning to S4 and S5 for secondary tensioning and adjustment.

[0038] The method described is applicable to the prestressed construction of box girders for continuous rigid frame bridges and cable-stayed bridges. The tensioning process must be carried out symmetrically and synchronously with the bridge structure to avoid eccentric stress.

[0039] Furthermore, the intelligent optimization method for instantaneous prestress loss in bridges is mainly applied to the prestressing construction of box girder structures in continuous rigid frame bridges and cable-stayed bridges. When performing tensioning operations on the box girder, the tensioning process must ensure the symmetry of the bridge structure. Specifically, the corresponding prestressing ducts located on both sides of the bridge's central axis need to be tensioned simultaneously. This synchronous and symmetrical tensioning process ensures that the prestress is evenly distributed within the girder, effectively avoiding torsion or eccentric stress phenomena in the box girder that may result from uneven stress distribution.

[0040] Example 2, refer to Figures 1-3 This is a second embodiment of the present invention, which provides a method and apparatus for intelligent optimization of instantaneous prestress loss in bridges, comprising the following steps: Mechanical structure composition of the device This intelligent optimization device is a precision mechanical system that integrates active pre-tensioning and automatic reset functions, and mainly consists of the following components: Anchoring and transmission components: including anchor plate (6) and steel strand (7). The anchor plate (6) is fixed to the end of the bridge structure, and the holes on it are used to pass through the steel strand (7), forming the basic transmission path of prestress.

[0041] Active pre-tightening actuator: This is the core of the invention, including an oil inlet (1), a moving plate (2), a cylinder (3), a ring (4), and a clamping plate (5). The cylinder (3) serves as the main support structure, and its interior is provided with a cylinder cavity (11). The moving plate (2) is connected to an external oil pump system through the oil inlet (1), and can move laterally within the cylinder (3) along a preset sliding guide structure under oil pressure. The ring (4) is a detachable structure, and its inner hole precisely matches the outer conical surface of the clamping plate (5), which is used to position and constrain the radial movement of the clamping plate (5).

[0042] Automatic reset assembly: used for quick disassembly of the device after construction, including pin (8), sleeve (9) and spring (10). The spring (10) is pre-compressed and installed inside the sleeve (9). One end of the pin (8) is hinged to the moving plate (2), and the other end is slidably engaged with the inner wall of the sleeve (9), forming an automatic reset mechanism.

[0043] Working principle and process The workflow for eliminating instantaneous prestress loss is as follows: Installation stage: Before installing the jack, first install the entire device on the anchor plate (6) to ensure that the steel strand (7) passes through the corresponding holes on the anchor plate, the clamp (5) and the moving plate (2) in sequence. The docking groove of the anchor plate (6) at the bottom of the cylinder (3) ensures the precise alignment of the device with the anchor plate (6).

[0044] Active pre-tensioning stage: After tensioning to the design control stress, oil is injected into the cylinder cavity (11) through the oil inlet (1) to pressurize it. The pressure drives the moving plate (2) to move laterally, which in turn pushes the ring (4) and the clamping plate (5), applying a squeezing force towards the center of the anchor plate (6) to the clamping plate (5). This force forces the micro-gap between the clamping plate (5) and the steel strand (7) and the tapered hole of the anchor plate (6) to be locked in advance, realizing "active pre-tensioning", which fundamentally eliminates the instantaneous loss of prestress caused by the springback of the steel strand, which prevents the clamping plate from following closely.

[0045] Reset and disassembly stage: After the pre-tightening operation is completed and the load is held for a period of time, the pressure is released. At this time, the automatic reset mechanism starts to work: the spring (10) in the sleeve (9) releases its pre-compressed potential energy, pushing the pin (8) to slide in the sleeve, thereby driving the moving plate (2) back to the initial state. This design allows the entire device to be quickly and conveniently removed from the anchor, greatly improving construction efficiency.

[0046] Example 3, referring to Figures 1-3 This is the third embodiment of the present invention, which provides a method and apparatus for intelligent optimization of instantaneous prestress loss in bridges, comprising the following steps: Construction preparation and preliminary tensioning S1 / S2 Construction Preparation and Device Installation: Before construction, strictly check the specifications and performance of prestressed tendons (steel strands), anchors, and clamps. Calibrate tensioning equipment such as jacks and oil pumps. Then, clean the prestressed ducts and apply special lubricant to reduce friction loss. Next, as described in Example 1, correctly install the intelligent optimization device on the anchor plate (6) at the beam end.

[0047] S3 Pre-tensioning: Start the tensioning equipment and apply a low tension (approximately 10%-20% of the design tension) to the steel strand (7). This step aims to eliminate the slack in the steel strand itself and the initial gaps between the components, laying the foundation for subsequent precise tensioning, and at the same time, to preliminarily check whether the system is operating normally.

[0048] Intelligent tensioning and instantaneous loss elimination core components S4 graded tensioning and active pre-tensioning: Graded tensioning is adopted to gradually apply prestress to the design control stress (e.g., in stages such as 0→15%→50%→100%). After each stage of tensioning, the load is held for 1-2 minutes, and the elongation of the steel strand is measured and recorded, and checked against the theoretical value. When the tension reaches 100%, the core "active pre-tensioning" operation is immediately performed: the device is pressurized through the oil pump via the oil inlet (1), driving the moving plate (2) to squeeze the clamp (5), completing the pre-locking of the gap. This step is the key to eliminating instantaneous losses in this method.

[0049] S5 Real-time Monitoring and Intelligent Compensation: Throughout the tensioning process, integrated pressure sensors (such as the Keller Series 33 X) monitor the tension force and actual elongation of the steel strand in real time. Data is then uploaded to the intelligent analysis platform in real time via a 5G data transmitter (such as the Cradlepoint IBR1700 series). The platform dynamically analyzes the data using built-in algorithms. If it identifies losses exceeding expectations due to duct friction or anchoring issues, it automatically issues instructions to dynamically compensate within the material's safety range (e.g., appropriately increasing the tension force to 105%-110% of the control stress), ensuring that the final prestress accurately meets design requirements.

[0050] S6 Load Holding and Reset and Device Disassembly: After compensation tensioning, hold the load for 2-5 minutes to ensure uniform stress distribution. Then, release the pressure, and the device's automatic reset mechanism (spring 10 and pin 8) will activate, causing the moving plate (2) to reset, thus easily removing the device from the anchor. After releasing the pressure, use tools such as vernier calipers to check the amount of clamp retraction, ensuring that its value is extremely small (e.g., not greater than 2mm), to verify the pre-tightening effect.

[0051] Engineering Application and Benefit Analysis The application of this method has yielded significant results in actual projects such as the SSZ3 section of the Shanghai-Kunming Expressway. Economic benefits: By precisely controlling prestress, rework caused by insufficient stress was reduced, and construction efficiency was improved. Document 2 records that 22 days of construction time were saved and approximately 563,000 yuan was saved in costs on this project.

[0052] Quality and safety benefits: It effectively eliminates instantaneous losses, ensures the load-bearing capacity and crack resistance of the bridge structure, improves the quality of the project and the safety of long-term operation from the source, and reduces the safety risks caused by prestress failure.

[0053] Social and environmental benefits: High-quality bridge construction ensures the safety and smooth flow of traffic arteries, promotes regional economic development, and precise construction reduces material waste and construction waste generated by rework, which is in line with the concept of green construction.

[0054] In summary, this invention utilizes hydraulic pressure to drive a moving plate to laterally compress the clamping plates, actively eliminating the assembly gaps between the steel strands, clamping plates, and anchor plates before anchoring, thus achieving zero-gap optimization of the prestress transmission path. Simultaneously, through 5G data transmission and dynamic compensation algorithms, it senses duct friction and anchoring losses in real time and automatically adjusts the tension, forming a closed-loop control system of mechanical pre-tensioning and digital regulation. The mechanical pre-tensioning provides a low-error physical basis for intelligent compensation, while the intelligent compensation further corrects residual losses, jointly achieving the accuracy and stability of prestress establishment and improving the durability and safety of the bridge structure.

[0055] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart optimization device for instantaneous prestress loss in bridges, characterized in that: Includes an oil inlet (1), a moving plate (2), a cylinder body (3), a ring (4), a clamping plate (5), an anchor plate (6), a steel strand (7), a pin (8), a sleeve (9), a spring (10), and a cylinder cavity (11); wherein: The anchor plate (6) is fixed to the end of the bridge structure, and the steel strand (7) is threaded through the anchor plate hole; The movable plate (2) is connected to the cylinder cavity (11) through the oil inlet (1). When the oil is injected and pressurized, it moves laterally and squeezes the clamping plate (5) to lock the gap between it and the steel strand (7) and the anchor plate (6) in advance. The ring (4) is used to position the clamping piece (5), and the cylinder (3) serves as an external support structure; The sleeve (9) is equipped with a spring (10) and a pin (8) to form an automatic recovery mechanism. After the pressure is released, the moving plate (2) is reset by the spring's restoring force, thus achieving rapid disassembly.

2. The intelligent optimization device for instantaneous loss of bridge prestress as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The moving plate (2) and the cylinder (3) are provided with a sliding guide structure. The moving plate (2) moves horizontally under the action of oil pressure, pushing the clamp (5) to retract towards the central axis of the anchor plate (6) to realize the synchronous locking of the steel strand (7) and the anchor system. The oil inlet (1) is connected to the external oil pump system. The pressure change in the cylinder cavity (11) is controlled by oil injection and pressurization, which drives the reciprocating motion of the moving plate (2).

3. The intelligent optimization device for instantaneous loss of bridge prestress as described in claim 2, characterized in that: In the automatic recovery mechanism, the spring (10) is pre-compressed and installed inside the sleeve (9). One end of the pin (8) is hinged to the moving plate (2), and the other end is slidably engaged with the inner wall of the sleeve (9). After the pressure is released, the spring (10) pushes the pin (8) to reset, thereby driving the moving plate (2) back to its initial position, thus achieving rapid disassembly.

4. The intelligent optimization device for instantaneous loss of bridge prestress as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The ring (4) is a detachable structure, and its inner hole matches the outer conical surface of the clamp (5) to limit the radial displacement of the clamp (5); the bottom of the cylinder (3) is provided with an anchor plate docking groove to ensure that the anchor plate (6) is aligned with the axis of the device.

5. A method for intelligent optimization of instantaneous prestress loss in bridges, based on the intelligent optimization device for instantaneous prestress loss in bridges as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: include, S1. Check the specifications of the prestressed tendons and the hardness of the anchorages, calibrate the tensioning equipment, clean the ducts and apply lubricant; S2. Fix the anchor plate (6) to the beam end, insert the steel strand (7) into the hole, and install the whole device on the anchor plate (6) to ensure that each component is aligned; S3. Apply 10%~20% of the design tension to the steel strand (7) to eliminate the initial gap; S4. Tension the steel strand (7) to the design control stress in stages, inject oil and pressurize it through the oil inlet (1), drive the moving plate (2) to squeeze the clamp (5), and achieve the pre-tightening of the gap between the steel strand (7) and the anchor plate (6). S5. Monitor the tension force and elongation value through the pressure sensor, and adjust the tension parameters when the deviation exceeds ±6%. S6. After holding the load for 2 to 5 minutes, release the pressure. The spring (10) pushes the pin (8) to reset. After the moving plate (2) returns to its original position, remove the device. S7. Lock the anchorage, seal the anchor end with cement mortar, and record the tensioning data.

6. The intelligent optimization method for instantaneous prestress loss in bridges as described in claim 5, characterized in that: In S4, tensioning is carried out in stages, and the load is held for 1 to 2 minutes after each stage of tensioning, and the elongation of the steel strand is measured; the locking operation is performed immediately after the tension reaches 100% control stress, and the clamping force of the clamp (5) is precisely controlled by the hydraulic system.

7. The intelligent optimization method for instantaneous prestress loss in bridges as described in claim 6, characterized in that: In S5, a 5G data transmitter is used to upload sensor data to the intelligent platform in real time. The algorithm dynamically compensates for friction loss and anchorage loss to ensure the accuracy of prestress application.

8. The intelligent optimization method for instantaneous prestress loss in bridges as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The dynamic compensation method includes: when the detected duct friction loss exceeds the design value, automatically increasing the tension to 105%~110% of the control stress (not exceeding the material yield strength), and maintaining loss compensation during the holding load stage.

9. The intelligent optimization method for instantaneous prestress loss in bridges as described in claim 8, characterized in that: In S6, after depressurization, the amount of clamp retraction is checked by vernier calipers. If the retraction value is not greater than 2mm, it is considered qualified. If it exceeds the limit, repeat S4~S5 for secondary tensioning adjustment.

10. The intelligent optimization method for instantaneous prestress loss in bridges as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The method described is applicable to the prestressed construction of box girders for continuous rigid frame bridges and cable-stayed bridges. The tensioning process must be carried out symmetrically and synchronously with the bridge structure to avoid eccentric stress.

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